桑葚药用情况

桑葚药用情况

【药名】桑椹子

【别名】桑实、葚、乌椹、文武实、黑椹、桑枣、桑葚子、桑粒、桑果

【英文名】Mulberry Fruit

【拉丁文名】Fructus Mori

【拉丁植物动物矿物名】Morus alba L.

【药材基源】为桑科植物桑的果穗。

【科属分类】桑科

【性味】甘；酸；性寒

【归经】肝；肾经

【功效】滋阴补血；生津润燥

【功效分类】滋阴养血药；生津药；润肠药

【主治】肝肾不足和血虚精亏的头晕目眩；腰酸耳鸣；须发早白；失眠多梦；津伤口渴；消渴；肠燥便秘[2]

该品为桑科植物桑Morus alba L. 的干燥果穗。4～6月果实变红时

桑葚-原植物

桑葚-原植物

采收，晒干，或略蒸后晒干。

【性状】该品为聚花果，由多数小核果集合而成，呈长圆形，长1～2cm，直径0.5～0.8cm。黄棕色、棕红色至暗紫色，(比较少见的颜色成熟后呈乳白色),有短果序梗。小核果卵圆形，稍扁，长约2mm,宽约1mm,外具肉质花被片4 枚。气微，味微酸而甜。

【原形态】落叶灌木或小乔木，高3～15m。树皮灰白色，有条状浅裂；根皮黄棕色或红黄色，纤维性强。单叶互生；叶柄长1～2.5cm；叶片卵形或宽卵形，长5～20cm，宽4～10cm，先端锐尖或渐尖，基部圆形或近心形，边缘有粗锯齿或圆齿，有时有不规则的分裂，上面无毛，有光泽，下面脉上有短毛，腋间有毛，基出脉3条与细脉交织成网状，背面较明显；托叶披针形，早落。花单性，雌雄异株；雌、雄花序均排列成穗状葇荑花序，腋生；雌花序长1～2cm，被毛，总花梗长5～10mm；雄花序长1～2.5cm，下垂，略被细毛；雄花具花被片4，雄蕊4，中央有不育的雌蕊；雌花具花被片4，基部合生，柱头2裂。核果，多数密集成一卵圆形或长圆形的聚花果，长1～2.5cm，初时绿色，成熟后变肉质、黑紫色或红色。种子小。花期4～5月，果期5～6月。

【生境分布】

生态环境：生于丘陵、山坡、村旁、田野等处，多为人工栽培。

资源分布：分布于全国各地。

【浸出物】照醇溶性浸出物测定法项下的热浸法（附录ⅩA）测定，用

85%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于15.0%。

【性味与归经】甘、酸，寒。归心、肝、肾经。

【功能与主治】补血滋阴，生津润燥。用于眩晕耳鸣，心悸失眠，须发早白，津伤口渴，内热消渴，血虚便秘。补肝，益肾，熄风，滋液。治肝肾阴亏，消渴，便秘，目暗，耳鸣，瘰疬，关节不利。

①《唐本草》：单食，主消渴。

②《本草拾遗》：利五脏关节，通血气，捣末，蜜和为丸。

③《本草衍义》：治热渴，生精神，及小肠热。

④《滇南本草》：益肾脏而固精，久服黑发明目。

⑤《纲目》：捣汁饮，解酒中毒，酿酒服，利水气，消肿。

⑥《玉楸药解》：治癃淋，瘰疬，秃疮。

⑦《本草求真》：除热，养阴，止泻。

⑧《随息居饮食谱》：滋肝肾，充血液，祛风湿，健步履，息虚风，清虚火。

⑨《现代实用中药》：清凉止咳。

⑩《中药形性经验鉴别法》：安胎。

【用法与用量】9～15克。

乡村的桑葚

乡村的桑葚

【贮藏】置通风干燥处，防蛀。[3]

【注意】

脾胃虚寒便溏者禁服。

1．《杨氏产乳》：凡子不得与桑椹子食，令儿心寒。2.《本草经疏》：脾胃虚寒作泄者勿服。

3.《本草省常》：多食致衄，孕妇忌之。

【来自中国药典2005版】

【摘录】《中国药典》

【化学成份】果穗含糖，鞣酸（tannic acid），苹果酸（malicacid），维生素（vitamin）B1.B2和胡萝卜素（carotene）；其脂类的脂肪酸主要为亚油酸（linoleic acid），油酸（oleic acid），软脂酸（palmitic acid），硬脂酸（stearic acid），尚有少量辛酸（caprylic acid），壬酸（pelargonic acid），癸酸（capric acid），肉豆蔻酸（myris－tic acid），亚麻酸（linolenic acid）等。精油中含桉叶素（cineole），牻儿醇（geraniol），芳樟醇乙酸酯（linalyl acetat），芳樟醇（linalool），樟脑（camphor），a-蒎烯（α－pinene）和柠檬烯（limonene）等；磷脂总含量0.41%，其中磷脂酸胆碱（phosphatidyl choline）32.15%，溶血磷脂酸胆碱（lysophosphatidy choline）19.30%，磷脂酸乙醇胺（phosphatidyl ethanolamine）15.91%，磷脂酸（phosphatidic acid）12.40%，磷脂酰肌醇（phosphatidyl inosi-tol）10.53%，双磷脂酰甘油（diphosphatidyl glycerol）6.59%。还含矢车菊素（cyanidin）和矢车菊甙（chrysanthemin）。

Situation of mulberry medicinal,

【Drug name】Sang Shenzi

[Alias] Sang Real, mulberry, Wu Ma, civil and military real black mulberry, mulberry jujube, mulberry son, Sang Reap, Mulberry

【English name】Mulberry Fruit

【Latin name】Fructus Mori

[Latin plant animal mineral name] Morus alba L.

【Medicine source] Moraceae Mulberry's ear.

【Families and genera] Sankoh

Sexual taste sweet; acid; cold

】【Go through the liver; kidney by

[Effect] Yin and blood; students body fluid

Efficacy classification Yin nourishing medicine; fluid and drugs; relax drug

【Indications】liver and kidney deficiency and blood deficiency sperm loss dizziness; backache, tinnitus; premature graying; insomnia; ,fluid and thirst; Diabetes; intestinal dry constipation [2]

The goods Moraceae Mulberry Morus alba L. dry ear. April to June and fruits redden

The mulberry - original plant

The mulberry - original plant

Harvested, dried or slightly steamed and dried.

【Properties】This product is FRUIT, by most drupelet collection made, oblong, long 1 to 2cm diameter 0.5 to 0.8cm. Yellow-brown, brown-red to dark purple, milky white mature (relatively rare color), short infructescence Terrier. Small drupe oval, slightly flat, about 2mm, the width of 1mm outer fleshy tepals 4. The micro gas, ,slightly acidic taste sweet.

】【Original form of deciduous shrubs or small trees, 3 ~ 15m. Bark gray strip lobed; root bark of yellow-brown or reddish-yellow, fibrous and strong. Alternate, simple leaves; petiole 1 to 2.5cm; blade ovate or broadly ovate, 5 ~~ 20cm long, width 4 ~ 10cm, apex acute or acuminate, base rounded or subcordate, coarsely toothed edge or round teeth, sometimes irregular split, glabrous above, shiny, following veins have short hair, axillary hair, basal veins 3 and veinlet reticulation, the back is obvious; stipules lanceolate , caducous. Flowers unisexual, dioecious; female and male inflorescence are arranged in a spike-like catkins inflorescence, axillary; the female inflorescence long to 2cm coat, ,the peduncle length of 5 to 10 mm; the male inflorescence length 1 ~ 2.5cm, sagging, is a little tiny hairs; male flowers with tepals, stamen, central infertility pistil; female flowers with tepals connate at base, stigma 2 crack. Nuts, most intensive in an oval or oblong FRUIT, long ~~ 2.5cm, early green becomes fleshy, ripe, black, purple or red. Seed. Flowering from April to May, the fruit of five to six months.

[Habitat distribution

Ecological environment: Born in the hills, hillsides, villages, fields, etc., mostly artificial cultivation. Resource distribution: all over the country.

[Extract determined according to the alcohol-soluble extract assay under the hot-dip method (Appendix ⅩA) with

85% ethanol as solvent, not less than 15.0%.

[Sexual flavor to classics] sweet, ,sour, cold. Heart, liver, kidney.

【Functions and Indications】blood Ziyin, Health and body fluid. For vertigo, tinnitus, palpitations, insomnia, premature graying, fluid and thirst, heat diabetes, blood deficiency constipation. Liver, kidney, Xifeng, mayonnaise liquid. Governance kidney yin deficiency, diabetes, constipation, ,dark head the tinnitus, M. scrofulaceum joint unfavorable.

①Tang Materia Medica: single food, the main Diabetes.