变速器翻译
汽车变速器英语词汇
（副变速器）变速杆range selector按钮控制finger-tip control半自动换档机械式变速器semi-automatic mechanical transmission 半自动液力变速器semiautomatic transmission包角scroll泵轮impeller边斜角（进出口）bias(entrance and exit)变矩比torque ratio变矩范围torque conversion range变矩系数torque ratio变容式液力变矩器variable capacity converter变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)变速齿轮transmission gear变速齿轮比（变速比）transmission gear ratio变速齿轮组change gear set变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever)变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail变速器transmission (gearbox)变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器输入轴transmission input shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速踏板gear shift pedal操纵杆control lever槽导变速gate change长行星齿轮long planet gear常啮齿轮constant mesh gear常啮合齿轮传动constant mesh transmission常压式同步器constant pressure synchronizer超速档变速器over drive transmission超限换档overrun shift传动比gear ratio带主减速器的变速器final driving transmission单向离合器one-way clutch单向离合器换档freewheel shift导轮可反转的变矩器torque converter with reversal reactor倒档reverse gear倒档中间齿轮reverse idler gear低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第二档second gear第一档first gear电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatic电子同步变速装置electronically synchronized transmission assembly 调压阀pressure -regulator valve调制压力modulated pressure定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance定轴式液力变速器countershaft transmission定子stator动力换档power shift动力换档过程timing动力相似dynamic similarity动力助力换档变速器power assisted shift transmission短行星齿轮short planet gear多级变速器multi-speed transmission多中间轴变速器multi-countershaft transmission反拖特性coast performance方向盘式变速column shift (handle change)分动齿轮（分动机构）transfer gear分动箱（分动器）transfer case分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork分段式多档变速器sectional type multi-speed transmission分流式液力变速器split torque drive transmission辅助变速器auxiliary gear box副变速器splitter副轴counter shaft副轴齿轮counter shaft gear高速档top gear(high gear)固定轴式变速器fixed shaft transmission惯性式同步器inertial type of synchronizer过载系数overloading ratio后油泵gear pump (output pump )滑差slip滑动齿轮sliding gear滑动齿轮变速器sliding gear transmission滑动齿轮传动sliding -gear transmission缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure换档shift换档点shift point换档定时property of automatic shift换档阀shift valve换档规律process of power shift换档机构gearshift换档循环shift schedule换档元件engaging element换档指令发生器shift pattern generator回油泵scavenge oil pump机械式变速器mechanical transmission 级stage几何相似geometry similarity继动阀relay valve。
汽车类机械翻译词汇1
万向节和传动轴 universal joint and drive shaft 万向节 universal joint 非等速万向节 nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节 constant velocity universal joint 准等速万向节 near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节 self-supporting universal joint 非自承式万各节 non self suporting universal joint 回转直径 swing diameter 等速平面 constant velocity plane 万向节夹角 true joint angle 十字轴式万向节 cardan (hookes)universal joint 万向节叉 yoke 突缘叉 flange york 滑动叉 slip yoke 滑动节，伸缩节 slip joint 花键轴叉 slip shaft yoke 轴管叉（焊接叉） tube(weld yoke) 十字轴 cross(spider) 十字轴总成 cross assembly 挠性元件总成 flexible universal joint 球销式万向节 flexible member assembly 双柱槽壳 housing 球环 ball 球头轴 ball head 球头钉 button 中心球和座 centering ball and seat 球笼式万向节 rzeppa universal joint 钟形壳 outer race 星型套 inner race 保持架 cage 可轴向移动的球笼式万向节 plunging constant velocity joint 筒形壳 cylinder outer race 柱形滚道星形套
AT是什么？MT是什么？
ATAT(automatic transmission)代表自动变速器自动变速器，又称自动档。
自动变速器由：液力变扭器、行星齿轮变速器、控制机构组成。
自动变速器具有操作容易、驾驶舒适、能减少驾驶者疲劳的优点，已成为现代轿车配置的一种发展方向。
装有自动变速器的汽车能根据路面状况自动变速变矩，驾驶者可以全神贯注地注视路面交通而不会被换挡搞得手忙脚乱。
汽车自动变速器常见的有三种型式：分别是液力自动变速器(AT)、机械无级自动变速器(CVT)、电控机械自动变速器(AMT)。
目前轿车普遍使用的是AT，AT几乎成为自动变速器的代名词。
AT是由液力变扭器、行星齿轮和液压操纵系统组成，通过液力传递和齿轮组合的方式来达到变速变矩。
其中液力变扭器是AT最重要的部件，它由泵轮、涡轮和导轮等构件组成，兼有传递扭矩和离合的作用。
MT是手动档车手动变速器(mt：manual transmission)采用齿轮组，由于每挡的齿轮组的齿数是固定的，所以各挡的变速比是个定值(也就是所谓的“级”)。
比如，一挡变速比是3.455,二挡是2.056,再到五挡的0.85,这些数字再乘上主减速比就是总的传动比，总共只有5个值(即有5级)，所以说它是有级变速器。
at是自动档车自动变速器(at:automatic transmission)是利用车速和负荷(油门踏板的行程)进行双参数控制，挡位根据上面的两个参数来自动升降。
AT与MT的相同点，就是二者都是有级式变速器，只不过at能根据车速的快慢来自动实现挡位的增减，可以消除手挡车“顿挫”的变挡感觉。
AMT：是在手动变速箱的基础上加了自动操纵机构，一般有液压操纵和电机操纵，相当于一个机器人帮你自动换挡，它的基本结构跟MT（手动变速箱）是一样的。
CVT无级变速，DSG双离合变速。
最全汽车行业术语英文翻译
最全汽车行业术语英文翻译1. 汽车类型- Sedan: 轿车- Hatchback: 掀背车- SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle): 运动型多功能车- MPV (Multi-Purpose Vehicle): 多功能车- Coupe: 轿跑车- Convertible: 敞篷车- Pickup: 皮卡车- Van: 面包车- Electric Vehicle (EV): 电动汽车- Hybrid Vehicle: 混合动力汽车2. 发动机和动力系统- Engine: 发动机- Horsepower (HP): 马力- Torque: 扭矩- Fuel Injection: 燃油喷射- Turbocharger: 涡轮增压器- Supercharger: 机械增压器- Cylinder: 气缸- Transmission: 变速器- Manual Transmission: 手动变速器- Automatic Transmission: 自动变速器- Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT): 连续变速器- Four-Wheel Drive (4WD): 四轮驱动- All-Wheel Drive (AWD): 全轮驱动- Electric Motor: 电动机- Battery Pack: 电池组3. 车身部件- Chassis: 底盘- Bodywork: 车身- Hood: 发动机盖- Trunk: 后备箱- Bumper: 保险杠- Fender: 车翼- Door: 车门- Windshield: 前挡风玻璃- Roof: 车顶- Spoiler: 尾翼- Headlights: 前灯- Taillights: 尾灯4. 汽车零部件- Brakes: 制动器- Suspension: 悬挂系统- Steering Wheel: 方向盘- Tires: 轮胎- Exhaust System: 排气系统- Air Conditioning: 空调系统- Radiator: 散热器- Battery: 电池- Alternator: 发电机- Starter Motor: 起动机- Fuel Pump: 燃油泵- Ignition System: 点火系统5. 汽车性能指标- Acceleration: 加速度- Top Speed: 极速- 0-60 mph Time: 0-96公里/小时加速时间- Fuel Efficiency: 燃油效率- Range: 续航里程- Curb Weight: 空载重量- Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW): 总重量- Wheelbase: 轴距6. 安全设备- Seatbelt: 安全带- Airbags: 气囊- Anti-lock Braking System (ABS): 防抱死制动系统- Electronic Stability Control (ESC): 电子稳定控制系统- Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS): 轮胎气压监测系统- Adaptive Cruise Control: 自适应巡航控制- Blind Spot Detection: 盲点监测以上是最全汽车行业术语的英文翻译，希望能对您有所帮助！。
自行车及电动自行车英语常用词汇翻译
自行车及电动自行车英语常用词汇翻译1. 自行车（Bicycle）车架（Frame）轮胎（Tire）链条（Chain）变速器（Gear）刹车（Brake）车把（Handlebar）座椅（Saddle）脚踏（Pedal）骑行服（Cycling Jersey）头盔（Helmet）护目镜（Goggles）2. 电动自行车（Electric Bicycle）电机（Motor）控制器（Controller）电池（Battery）充电器（Charger）助力模式（Powerassisted Mode）速度传感器（Speed Sensor）里程表（Odometer）转向灯（Turn Signal）喇叭（Horn）载物架（Cargo Rack）3. 零配件（Accessories）水壶架（Water Bottle Cage）车灯（Bike Light）防水包（Waterproof Bag）车锁（Bike Lock）打气筒（Pump）轮胎修补工具（Tire Repair Kit）挡泥板（Fender）脚踏板（Platform Pedal）车铃（Bike Bell）4. 骑行技巧（Cycling Techniques）平衡（Balance）转弯（Turning）刹车（Braking）变速（Shifting）踩踏（Pedaling）爬坡（Climbing）下坡（Descending）越野骑行（Mountain Biking）公路骑行（Road Cycling）休闲骑行（Leisure Cycling）5. 安全常识（Safety Knowledge）遵守交通规则（Obey Traffic Rules）保持安全距离（Maintain Safe Distance）注意行车信号（Pay Attention to Traffic Signals）穿戴合适装备（Wear Appropriate Gear）检查车辆状况（Check Bike Condition）避免危险路段（Avoid Dangerous Roads）夜间骑行使用灯光（Use Lights at Night）雨天骑行减速慢行（Slow Down in Rainy Conditions）学会紧急避险（Learn Emergency maneuvers）6. 维护与保养（Maintenance and Care）定期清洁自行车（Regularly Clean the Bicycle）检查并润滑链条（Inspect and Lubricate the Chain）调整刹车和变速器（Adjust Brakes and Gears）保持轮胎适当气压（Maintain Proper Tire Pressure）更换磨损的零件（Replace Worn Parts）定期检查电池状态（Regularly Check Battery Status）电池充电注意事项（Battery Charging Precautions）避免长时间暴晒和雨淋（Avoid Prolonged Sun Exposure and Rain）存放自行车时的注意事项（Tips for Storing Bicycles）7. 骑行文化（Cycling Culture）骑行俱乐部（Cycling Club）骑行活动（Cycling Events）骑行旅行（Cycling Tour）自行车友（Bike Buddies）骑行礼仪（Cycling Etiquette）环保出行（Environmental Protection）城市骑行（Urban Cycling）健康生活方式（Healthy Lifestyle）骑行精神（Cycling Spirit）8. 常见问题与解决方案（Common Issues and Solutions）轮胎漏气（Tire Leaks）链条脱落（Chain Dropout）刹车失灵（Brake Failure）变速器故障（Gear Malfunction）电池续航不足（Insufficient Battery Range）电动自行车电机异响（Motor Noise）车把不稳定（Wobbly Handlebars）如何选择合适的自行车尺寸（How to Choose the Right Bike Size）9. 骑行法规与政策（Cycling Laws and Policies）自行车行驶车道（Bike Lanes）电动自行车上路规定（Electric Bicycle Road Regulations）骑行时的法律责任（Legal Responsibilities While Cycling）儿童骑行安全法规（Child Cycling Safety Laws）酒后骑行禁止（Drunk Cycling Prohibition）自行车停放规定（Bicycle Parking Regulations）公共自行车租赁系统（Public Bike Sharing System）城市骑行友好政策（BikeFriendly City Policies）骑行安全教育（Cycling Safety Education）政府对骑行产业的扶持（Government Support for Cycling Industry）10. 骑行与健康（Cycling and Health）增强心肺功能（Improving Cardiovascular Fitness）燃烧卡路里（Burning Calories）提高肌肉耐力（Building Muscle Endurance）促进新陈代谢（Boosting Metabolism）改善心理健康（Enhancing Mental Health）减轻压力（Reducing Stress）提升睡眠质量（Improving Sleep Quality）增强免疫系统（Strengthening the Immune System）预防慢性疾病（Preventing Chronic Diseases）骑行与减肥（Cycling for Weight Loss）11. 骑行装备的选择（Choosing Cycling Gear）如何挑选合适的头盔（How to Choose the Right Helmet）骑行服的材质与功能（Material and Function of Cycling Jerseys）选择合适的骑行手套（Choosing the Right Cycling Gloves）骑行鞋的选择（Selecting Cycling Shoes）防水骑行装备（Waterproof Cycling Gear）夜间骑行装备（Equipment for Night Cycling）适应不同天气的骑行装备（Cycling Gear for Different Weather Conditions）电动自行车专用配件（Special Accessories for Electric Bicycles）儿童骑行装备（Cycling Gear for Children）12. 骑行路线规划（Cycling Route Planning）选择安全的骑行路线（Choosing Safe Cycling Routes）探索城市骑行绿道（Exploring Urban Bike Paths）乡村骑行路线（Country Cycling Routes）山地骑行路线（Mountain Biking Trails）海滨骑行路线（Coastal Cycling Routes）历史文化骑行路线（Historical and Cultural Cycling Routes）使用骑行导航应用（Using Cycling Navigation Apps）骑行路线的难度评估（Assessing the Difficulty of Cycling Routes）组建骑行团队（Forming a Cycling Group）13. 骑行技巧提升（Improving Cycling Skills）平衡训练技巧（Balance Training Techniques）高效踩踏技巧（Efficient Pedaling Techniques）安全转弯技巧（Safe Turning Techniques）爬坡技巧（Climbing Techniques）下坡技巧（Descending Techniques）防止疲劳骑行（Preventing Fatigue While Cycling）应对强风骑行（Cycling in Strong Winds）骑行节奏的掌握（Mastering Cycling Rhythm）骑行技巧的练习方法（Practicing Cycling Skills）14. 骑行安全宣传（Cycling Safety Promotion）社区骑行安全讲座（Community Cycling Safety Talks）学校骑行安全教育（School Cycling Safety Education）骑行安全宣传周（Cycling Safety Awareness Week）利用社交媒体宣传骑行安全（Promoting Cycling Safety on Social Media）骑行安全志愿者活动（Cycling Safety Volunteer Programs）企业骑行安全培训（Corporate Cycling Safety Training）骑行安全宣传材料的设计（Designing Cycling Safety Promotional Materials）跨界合作推广骑行安全（Promoting Cycling Safety Through Collaborations）建立骑行安全社区网络（Building a Cycling Safety Community Network）。
变速器(英文版文献)
Transmission (mechanics)A transmission or gearbox provides speed and torque conversions from a rotating power source to another device using gear ratios. In British English the term transmission refers to the whole drive train, including gearbox, clutch, prop shaft (for rear-wheel drive), differential and final drive shafts. The most common use is in motor vehicles, where the transmission adapts the output of the internal combustion engine to the drive wheels. Such engines need to operate at a relatively high rotational speed, which is inappropriate for starting, stopping, and slower travel. The transmission reduces the higher engine speed to the slower wheel speed, increasing torque in the process. Transmissions are also used on pedal bicycles, fixed machines, and anywhere else rotational speed and torque needs to be adapted.Often, a transmission will have multiple gear ratios (or simply "gears"), with the ability to switch between them as speed varies. This switching may be done manually (by the operator), or automatically. Directional (forward and reverse) control may also be provided. Single-ratio transmissions alsoexist, which simply change the speed and torque (and sometimes direction) of motor output.In motor vehicle applications, the transmission will generally be connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The output of the transmission is transmitted via driveshaft to one or more differentials, which in turn drive the wheels. While a differential may also provide gear reduction, its primary purpose is to change the direction of rotation.Conventional gear/belt transmissions are not the only mechanism for speed/torque adaptation. Alternative mechanisms include torque converters and power transformation (e.g., diesel-electric transmission, hydraulic drive system, etc.). Hybrid configurations also exist.ExplanationEarly transmissions included the right-angle drives and other gearing in windmills, horse-powered devices, and steam engines, in support of pumping, milling, and hoisting.Most modern gearboxes are used to increase torque while reducing the speed of a prime mover output shaft (e.g. a motor crankshaft). This means that the output shaft of a gearbox willrotate at slower rate than the input shaft, and this reduction in speed will produce a mechanical advantage, causing an increase in torque. A gearbox can be setup to do the opposite and provide an increase in shaft speed with a reduction of torque. Some of the simplest gearboxes merely change the physical direction in which power is transmitted.Many typical automobile transmissions include the ability to select one of several different gear ratios. In this case, most of the gear ratios (often simply called "gears") are used to slow down the output speed of the engine and increase torque. However, the highest gears may be "overdrive" types that increase the output speed.UsesGearboxes have found use in a wide variety of different—often stationary—applications, such as wind turbines.Transmissions are also used in agricultural, industrial, construction, mining and automotive equipment. In addition to ordinary transmission equipped with gears, such equipment makes extensive use of the hydrostatic drive and electrical adjustable-speed drives.SimpleThe simplest transmissions, often called gearboxes to reflect their simplicity (although complex systems are also called gearboxes in the vernacular), provide gear reduction (or, more rarely, an increase in speed), sometimes in conjunction with a right-angle change in direction of the shaft (typically in helicopters, see picture). These are often used on PTO-powered agricultural equipment, since the axial PTO shaft is at odds with the usual need for the driven shaft, which is either vertical (as with rotary mowers), or horizontally extending from one side of the implement to another (as with manure spreaders, flail mowers, and forage wagons). More complex equipment, such as silage choppers and snowblowers, have drives with outputs in more than one direction.The gearbox in a wind turbine converts the slow, high-torque rotation of the turbine into much faster rotation of the electrical generator. These are much larger and more complicated than the PTO gearboxes in farm equipment. They weigh several tons and typically contain three stages to achieve an overall gear ratio from 40:1 to over 100:1, depending on the size of the turbine. (For aerodynamic and structuralreasons, larger turbines have to turn more slowly, but the generators all have to rotate at similar speeds of several thousand rpm.) The first stage of the gearbox is usually a planetary gear, for compactness, and to distribute the enormous torque of the turbine over more teeth of the low-speed shaft. Durability of these gearboxes has been a serious problem for a long time.Regardless of where they are used, these simple transmissions all share an important feature: the gear ratio cannot be changed during use. It is fixed at the time the transmission is constructed.For transmission types that overcome this issue, see Continuously Variable Transmission, also known as CVT.Multi-ratio systemsMany applications require the availability of multiple gear ratios. Often, this is to ease the starting and stopping of a mechanical system, though another important need is that of maintaining good fuel efficiency.Automotive basicsThe need for a transmission in an automobile is aconsequence of the characteristics of the internal combustion engine. Engines typically operate over a range of 600 to about 7000 revolutions per minute (though this varies, and is typically less for diesel engines), while the car's wheels rotate between 0 rpm and around 1800 rpm.Furthermore, the engine provides its highest torque outputs approximately in the middle of its range, while often the greatest torque is required when the vehicle is moving from rest or traveling slowly. Therefore, a system that transforms the engine's output so that it can supply high torque at low speeds, but also operate at highway speeds with the motor still operating within its limits, is required. Transmissions perform this transformation.Many transmissions and gears used in automotive and truck applications are contained in a cast iron case, though more frequently aluminium is used for lower weight especially in cars. There are usually three shafts: a mainshaft, a countershaft, and an idler shaft.The mainshaft extends outside the case in both directions: the input shaft towards the engine, and the output shaft towards the rear axle (on rear wheel drive cars- front wheel drives generally have the engine and transmission mountedtransversely, the differential being part of the transmission assembly.) The shaft is suspended by the main bearings, and is split towards the input end. At the point of the split, a pilot bearing holds the shafts together. The gears and clutches ride on the mainshaft, the gears being free to turn relative to the mainshaft except when engaged by the clutches.Types of automobile transmissions include manual, automatic or semi-automatic transmission.ManualMain article: Manual transmissionManual transmission come in two basic types:a simple but rugged sliding-mesh or unsynchronized / non-synchronous system, where straight-cut spur gear sets are spinning freely, and must be synchronized by the operator matching engine revs to road speed, to avoid noisy and damaging "gear clash", and the now common constant-mesh gearboxes which can include non-synchronised, or synchronized / synchromesh systems, where diagonal cut helical (and sometimes double-helical) gear sets are constantly "meshed" together, and a dog clutch is used for changing gears. On synchromesh boxes, friction cones or "synchro-rings" are used in addition to the dog clutch.The former type is commonly found in many forms of racing cars, older heavy-duty trucks, and some agricultural equipment.Manual transmissions are the most common type outside North America and Australia. They are cheaper, lighter, usually give better performance, and fuel efficiency (although the latest sophisticated automatic transmissions may yield results slightly better than the ones yielded by manual transmissions). It is customary for new drivers to learn, and be tested, on a car with a manual gear change. In Malaysia, Denmark and Poland all cars used for testing (and because of that, virtually all those used for instruction as well) have a manual transmission. In Japan, the Philippines, Germany, Italy, Israel, the Netherlands, Belgium, New Zealand, Austria, Bulgaria, the UK, Ireland, Sweden, Estonia, France, Spain, Switzerland, the Australian states of Victoria and Queensland, Finland and Lithuania, a test pass using an automatic car does not entitle the driver to use a manual car on the public road; a test with a manual car is required.Manual transmissions are much more common than automatic transmissions in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe.Most manual transmissions include both synchronized andunsynchronized gearing, such as a reverse gear and a low-speed "granny gear", both of which can only be shifted into when stopped. Shifting from granny gear to a low synchronized gear is generally available while in motion, while shifting out of reverse to any other gear typically requires the vehicle to be stopped.Non-synchronousMain article: Non-synchronous transmissionsThere are commercial applications engineered with designs taking into account that the gear shifting will be done by an experienced operator. They are a manual transmission, but are known as non-synchronized transmissions. Dependent on country of operation, many local, regional, and national laws govern the operation of these types of vehicles (see Commercial Driver's License). This class may include commercial, military, agricultural, or engineering vehicles. Some of these may use combinations of types for multi-purpose functions. An example would be a PTO, or power-take-off gear. The non-synchronous transmission type requires an understanding of gear range, torque, engine power, and multi-functional clutch and shifter functions. Also see Double-clutching, and Clutch-brakesections of the main article at non-synchronous transmissionsAutomaticMain article: Automatic transmissionEpicyclic gearing or planetary gearing as used in an automatic transmission.Most modern North American and Australian and many larger, high specification European and Japanese cars have an automatic transmission that will select an appropriate gear ratio without any operator intervention. They primarily use hydraulics to select gears, depending on pressure exerted by fluid within the transmission assembly. Rather than using a clutch to engage the transmission, a fluid flywheel, or torque converter is placed in between the engine and transmission. It is possible for the driver to control the number of gears in use or select reverse, though precise control of which gear is in use may or may not be possible.Automatic transmissions are easy to use. However, in the past, automatic transmissions of this type have had a number of problems; they were complex and expensive, sometimes had reliability problems (which sometimes caused more expenses in repair), have often been less fuel-efficient than their manualcounterparts (due to "slippage" in the torque converter), and their shift time was slower than a manual making them uncompetitive for racing. With the advancement of modern automatic transmissions this has changed.Attempts to improve the fuel efficiency of automatic transmissions include the use of torque converters which lock up beyond a certain speed, or in the higher gear ratios, eliminating power loss, and overdrive gears which automatically actuate above certain speeds; in older transmissions both technologies could sometimes become intrusive, when conditions are such that they repeatedly cut in and out as speed and such load factors as grade or wind vary slightly. Current computerized transmissions possess very complex programming to both maximize fuel efficiency and eliminate any intrusiveness.For certain applications, the slippage inherent in automatic transmissions can be advantageous; for instance, in drag racing, the automatic transmission allows the car to be stopped with the engine at a high rpm (the "stall speed") to allow for a very quick launch when the brakes are released; in fact, a common modification is to increase the stall speed of the transmission. This is even more advantageous forturbocharged engines, where the turbocharger needs to be kept spinning at high rpm by a large flow of exhaust in order to keep the boost pressure up and eliminate the turbo lag that occurs when the engine is idling and the throttle is suddenly openedSemi-automaticMain article: Semi-automatic transmissionThe creation of computer control also allowed for a sort of cross-breed transmission where the car handles manipulation of the clutch automatically, but the driver can still select the gear manually if desired. This is sometimes called a "clutchless manual," or "automated manual" transmission. Many of these transmissions allow the driver to give full control to the computer. They are generally designed using manual transmission "internals", and when used in passenger cars, have synchromesh operated helical constant mesh gear sets.Specific type of this transmission includes: Easytronic, and Geartronic.A "dual-clutch" transmission uses two sets of internals which are alternately used, each with its own clutch, so that only the clutches are used during the actual "gearchange".Specific type of this transmission includes: Direct-ShiftGearbox.There are also sequential transmissions which use the rotation of a drum to switch gears.Bicycle gearingMain articles: Bicycle gearing, Derailleur gears, and Hub gear Bicycles usually have a system for selecting different gear ratios. There are two main types: derailleur gears and hub gears. The derailleur type is the most common, and the most visible, using sprocket gears. Typically there are several gears available on the rear sprocket assembly, attached to the rear wheel. A few more sprockets are usually added to the front assembly as well. Multiplying the number of sprocket gears in front by the number to the rear gives the number of gear ratios, often called "speeds".Hub gears use epicyclic gearing and are enclosed within the axle of the rear wheel. Because of the small space, they typically offer fewer different speeds, although at least one has reached 14 gear ratios and Fallbrook Technologies manufactures a transmission with technically infinite ratios.Causes for failure of bicycle gearing include: worn teeth, damage caused by a faulty chain, damage due to thermal expansion,broken teeth due to excessive pedaling force, interference by foreign objects, and loss of lubrication due to negligence.Uncommon typesDual clutch transmissionMain article: Dual clutch transmissionThis arrangement is also sometimes known as a direct shift gearbox or powershift gearbox. It seeks to combine the advantages of a conventional manual shift with the qualities of a modern automatic transmission by providing different clutches for odd and even speed selector gears. When changing gear, the engine torque is transferred from one gear to the other continuously, so providing gentle, smooth gear changes without either losing power or jerking the vehicle. Gear selection may be manual, automatic (depending on throttle/speed sensors), or a 'sports' version combining both options.Continuously variableMain article: Continuously variable transmissionThe Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) is a transmission in which the ratio of the rotational speeds of twoshafts, as the input shaft and output shaft of a vehicle or other machine, can be varied continuously within a given range, providing an infinite number of possible ratios.The continuously variable transmission (CVT) should not be confused with the Infinitely Variable Transmission (IVT) (See below).The other mechanical transmissions described above only allow a few different gear ratios to be selected, but this type of transmission essentially has an infinite number of ratios available within a finite range. The continuously variable transmission allows the relationship between the speed of the engine and the speed of the wheels to be selected within a continuous range. This can provide even better fuel economy if the engine is constantly running at a single speed. The transmission is in theory capable of a better user experience, without the rise and fall in speed of an engine, and the jerk felt when poorly changing gears.Infinitely variableThe IVT is a specific type of CVT that has an infinite range of input/output ratios in addition to its infinite number of possible ratios; this qualification for the IVT implies thatits range of ratios includes a zero output/input ratio that can be continuously approached from a defined 'higher' ratio. A zero output implies an infinite input, which can becontinuously approached from a given finite input value with an IVT. [Note: remember that so-called 'low' gears are a reference to low ratios of output/input, which have high input/output ratios that are taken to the extreme with IVT's, resulting in a 'neutral', or non-driving 'low' gear limit.]Most (if not all) IVT's result from the combination of a CVT with an epicyclic gear system (which is also known as a planetary gear system) that facilitates the subtraction of one speed from another speed within the set of input and planetary gear rotations. This subtraction only needs to result in a continuous range of values that includes a zero output; the maximum output/input ratio can be arbitrarily chosen from infinite practical possibilities through selection of extraneous input or output gear, pulley or sprocket sizes without affecting the zero output or the continuity of the whole system. Importantly, the IVT is distinguished as being 'infinite' in its ratio of high gear to low gear within its range; high gear is infinite times higher than low gear. The IVT is always engaged, even during its zero output adjustment.The term 'infinitely variable transmission' does not imply reverse direction, disengagement, automatic operation, or any other quality except ratio selectability within a continuous range of input/output ratios from a defined minimum to an undefined, 'infinite' maximum. This means continuous range from a defined output/input to zero output/input ratio.Electric variableThe Electric Variable Transmission (EVT) is a transmission that achieves CVT action and in addition can use separate power inputs to produce one output. An EVT usually is executed in design with an epicyclic differential gear system (which is also known as a planetary gear system). The epicyclic differential gearing performs a "power-split" function, directly connecting a portion of the mechanical power directly through the transmission and splitting off a portion for subsequent conversion to electrical power via a motor/generator. Hence, the EVT is called a Power Split Transmission (PST) by some.The directly connected portion of the power travelling through the EVT is referred to as the "mechanical path". The remaining power travels down the EVT's "electrical path". Thatpower may be recombined at the output of the transmission or stored for later, more opportune use via a second motor/generator (and energy storage device) connected to the transmission output.The pair of motor/generators forms an Electric Transmission in its own right, but at a lower capacity, than the EVT it is contained within. Generally the Electric Transmission capacity within the EVT is a quarter to a half of the capacity of the EVT. Good reasons to use an EVT instead of an equivalently-sized Electrical transmission is that the mechanical path of the EVT is more compact and efficient than the electrical path.The EVT is the essential method for transmitting power in some hybrid vehicles, enabling an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to be used in conjunction with motor/generators for vehicle propulsion, and having the ability to control the portion of the mechanical power used directly for propelling the vehicle and the portion of mechanical power that is converted to electric power and recombined to drive the vehicle.The EVT and power sources are controlled to provide a balance between the power sources that increases vehicle fueleconomy while providing advantageous performance when needed. The EVT may also be used to provide electrically generated power to charge large storage batteries for subsequent electric motor propulsion as needed, or to convert vehicle kinetic energy to electricity through 'regenerative braking' during deceleration. Various configurations of power generation, usage and balance can be implemented with a EVT, enabling great flexibility in propelling hybrid vehicles.The Toyota single mode hybrid and General Motor 2 Mode hybrid are production systems that use EVTs. The Toyota system is in the Prius, Highlander, and Lexus RX400h and GS450h models. The GM system is the Allison Bus hybrid powertrains and are in the Tahoe and Yukon models. The Toyota system uses one power-split epicyclic differential gearing system over all driving conditions and is sized with an electrical path rated at approximately half the capacity of the EVT. The GM system uses two different EVT ranges: one designed for lower speeds with greater mechanical advantage, and one designed for higher speeds, and the electrical path is rated at approximately a quarter of the capacity of the EVT. Other arrangements are possible and applications of EVT's are growing rapidly in number and variety.EVT's are capable of continuously modulating output/input speed ratios like mechanical CVT's, but offer the distinct difference and benefit of being able to also apportion power from two different sources to one output.HydrostaticSee also Continuously variable transmission > Hydrostatic CVTs Hydrostatic transmissions transmit all power hydraulically, using the components of hydraulic machinery. Hydrostatic transmissions do not make use of the hydrodynamic forces of the fluid flow. There is no solid coupling of the input and output. The transmission input drive is a central hydraulic pump and final drive unit(s) is/are a hydraulic motor, or hydraulic cylinder (see:swashplate. Both components can be placed physically far apart on the machine, being connected only by flexible hoses. Hydrostatic drive systems are used on excavators, lawn tractors, forklifts, winch drive systems, heavy lift equipment, agricultural machinery, etc. An arrangement for motor-vehicle transmission was probably used on the Ferguson F-1P99 racing car in about 1961.The Human Friendly Transmission of the Honda DN-01 is hydrostatic.HydrodynamicIf the hydraulic pump and/or hydraulic motor make use of the hydrodynamic effects of the fluid flow, i.e. pressure due to a change in the fluid's momentum as it flows through vanes in a turbine. The pump and motor usually consist of rotating vanes without seals and are typically placed in close proximity. The transmission ratio can be made to vary by means of additional rotating vanes, an effect similar to varying the pitch of an airplane propeller.The torque converter in most automotive automatic transmissions is, in itself, a hydrodynamic transmission.It was possible to drive the Dynaflow transmission without shifting the mechanical gears.Hydrodynamic transmissions are used in many passenger rail vehicles. In this application the advantage of smooth power delivery may outweigh the reduced efficiency caused by turbulence energy losses in the fluid.ElectricElectric transmissions convert the mechanical power of the engine(s) to electricity with electric generators and convertit back to mechanical power with electric motors. Electrical or electronic adjustable-speed drive control systems are used to control the speed and torque of the motors. If the generators are driven by turbines, such arrangements are called turbo-electric. Likewise installations powered by diesel-engines are called diesel-electric. Diesel-electric arrangements are used on many railway locomotives, ships and large mining trucks.。
汽车变速箱英语词汇
汽车变速器英语词汇（1）（副变速器）变速杆range selector 按钮控制finger-tip control 半自动换档机械式变速器semi-automatic mechanical transmission半自动液力变速器semiautomatic transmission包角scroll 泵轮impeller边斜角（进出口）bias(entrance and exit) 变矩比torque ratio变矩范围torque conversion range 变矩系数torque ratio变容式液力变矩器variable capacity converter变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork) 变速齿轮transmission gear 变速齿轮比（变速比）transmission gear ratio变速齿轮组change gear set 变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever) 变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail 变速器transmission (gearbox)变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器输入轴transmission input shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft 变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft 变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft 变速踏板gear shift pedal操纵杆control lever 槽导变速gate change长行星齿轮long planet gear 常啮齿轮constant mesh gear常啮合齿轮传动constant mesh transmission常压式同步器constant pressure synchronizer超速档变速器over drive transmission 超限换档overrun shift带主减速器的变速器final driving transmission 传动比gear ratio单向离合器one-way clutch 单向离合器换档freewheel shift 导轮可反转的变矩器torque converter with reversal reactor倒档reverse gear 倒档中间齿轮reverse idler gear 低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第二档second gear 第一档first gear电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatic电子同步变速装置electronically synchronized transmission assembly调压阀pressure -regulator valve 调制压力modulated pressure定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance定轴式液力变速器countershaft transmission定子stator 动力换档power shift 动力换档过程timing动力相似dynamic similarity动力助力换档变速器power assisted shift transmission短行星齿轮short planet gear 多级变速器multi-speed transmission 多中间轴变速器multi-countershaft transmission反拖特性coast performance方向盘式变速column shift (handle change)分动齿轮（分动机构）transfer gear 分动箱（分动器）transfer case分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork分段式多档变速器sectional type multi-speed transmission分流式液力变速器split torque drive transmission辅助变速器auxiliary gear box 副变速器splitter副轴counter shaft 副轴齿轮counter shaft gear 高速档top gear(high gear)固定轴式变速器fixed shaft transmission惯性式同步器inertial type of synchronizer过载系数overloading ratio 后油泵gear pump (output pump ) 滑差slip 滑动齿轮sliding gear滑动齿轮变速器sliding gear transmission滑动齿轮传动sliding -gear transmission缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure 换档shift换档点shift point 换档定时property of automatic shift换档阀shift valve 换档规律process of power shift换档机构gearshift 换档循环shift schedule换档元件engaging element 换档指令发生器shift pattern generator 回油泵scavenge oil pump 机械式变速器mechanical transmission 级stage 几何相似geometry similarity继动阀relay valve汽车变速器英语词汇（2）寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 降档downshift经济档economic gear 空档位置neutral position 力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 空转转速racing speed两轴式变速器twin-shaft transmission 零速起动stall start零速转速stall speed 流量阀flow valve内侧行星齿轮inner planet gear 内齿轮internal or king gear 内环core 能容系数capacity factor啮合套shift sleeve (engagement sleeve) 能容系数capacity factor偶合点coupling point 偶合范围coupling range前油泵front pump (input pump ) 爬行档creeper gear强制换档forced shift 驱动特性drive performance 取力器（动力输出机构）power take-off全齿套变速器all dog clutch transmission全特性total external characteristic全斜齿常啮式变速器fully constant mesh all helical gear transmission全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system全油门特性full throttle performance全直齿常啮式变速器fully constant mesh all spur gear transmission人工换档液力变速器manually shifted transmission设计流线design path 人工换档manual shift手动换档变速器manually shifted transmission 输出特性characteristic of exit 双泵轮液力变矩器double-impeller torque converter输入特性characteristic of enhance 双联行星齿轮compound planet gear 双涡轮液力变矩器double-turbine torque converter双中间轴变速器twin countershaft transmission速度环量circulation (circulation of stream)速度三角形triangle of velocities 速控阀governor valve速控压力governor pressure 锁止离合器lock-up clutch锁止式液力变矩器lock-up torque converter 太阳齿轮sun gear同步器式变速器synchromesh transmission 同步器synchronizer透穿性transparency 外侧行星齿轮outer planet gear 外环shell 涡轮turbine无级变速器non-stage transmission 吸收特性absorption characteristic先导阀priority valve 限档压力hold pressure相phase 响应特性response characteristic 信号阀signal valve 行星齿轮planet gear行星齿轮式变速器planetary transmission 行星齿轮机构planetary gears行星式液力变速器planetary transmission 行星架planet carrier选档阀selector valve 叶轮member叶片blade 叶片角blade angle叶片转位blade angle shift 液力变矩器torque converter液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve 液力变矩器锁止converter lockup 液力变速器hydrodynamic transmission 液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力传动装置hydrodynamic drive unit液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure液力偶合器fluid coupling 液力起步fluid start液流角flow angle 抑制换档inhibited shift原始特性primary characteristic远距离操纵变速器remote control transmission真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure直接变速direct change(direct control)直接操纵变速器direct control transmission直接档变速器direct drive transmission 直接驱动direct drive锁止式液力变矩器lock-up torque converter 锁止离合器lock-up clutch太阳齿轮sun gear 同步器synchronizer同步器式变速器synchromesh transmission 透穿性transparency外侧行星齿轮outer planet gear 外环shell无级变速器non-stage transmission 涡轮turbine吸收特性absorption characteristic 先导阀priority valve限档压力hold pressure 相phase响应特性response characteristic 信号阀signal valve行星齿轮planet gear 行星齿轮机构planetary gears 行星齿轮式变速器planetary transmission 行星架planet carrier行星式液力变速器planetary transmission 选档阀selector valve叶轮member 叶片blade叶片角blade angle 叶片转位blade angle shift液力变矩器torque converter 液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve液力变矩器锁止converter lockup 液力变速器hydrodynamic transmission液力传动hydrodynamic drive 液力传动装置hydrodynamic drive unit液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure液力偶合器fluid coupling 液力起步fluid start液流角flow angle 抑制换档inhibited shift远距离操纵变速器remote control transmission 原始特性primary characteristic 真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure直接变速direct change(direct control) 直接操纵变速器direct control transmission直接档变速器direct drive transmission 直接驱动direct drive中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear)中间轴变速器countershaft transmission 重迭阀overlap valve 主变速器basic transmission主压力line pressure 转动叶片variable blade转子rotor 自动换档automatic shift自动换档机械式变速器automatic mechanical transmission自动液力变速器automatic transmission自动增力式同步器self-servo synchronizer综合式液力变矩器torque converter-coupling组合式变速器combinatory transmission。
变速器,变速箱(Gear Box,Gearbox,Gearcase)
汽车变速器具有这样几个功用：
①改变传动比，扩大驱动轮转矩和转速的变化范围，以适应经常变化的行驶条件，同时使发动机在有利(功率较高而油耗较低)的工况下工作；
②在发动机旋转方向不变情况下，是汽车能倒退行驶；
③利用空挡，中断动力传递，以发动机能够起动、怠速，并便于变速器换档或进行动力输出。
一般来讲，汽车上常用的自动变速器有以下几种类型：液力自动变速器、液压传动自动变速器、 电力传动自动变速器、有级式机械自动变速器和无级式机械自动变速器等。其中，最常见的是液力自动变速器。液力自动变速器主要是由液压控制的齿轮变速系统构成，主要包含自动离合器和自动变速器两大部分。它能够根据油门的开度和车速的变化，自动地进行换挡。
无级变速器（CVT）
无级变速器是由两组变速轮盘和一条传动带组成的。
因此，其比传统自动变速器结构简单，体积更小。另外，它可以自由改变传动比，从而实现全程无级变速，使汽车的车速变化平稳，没有传统变速器换挡时那种“顿”的感觉。
无级变速器属于自动变速器的一种，但它能克服普通自动变速器“突然换挡”、油门反应慢、油耗高等缺点。
按操纵方式来分：
强制操纵式变速器 是靠驾驶员直接操纵变速杆换档。
自动操纵式变速器 其传动比选择和换档是自动进行的，所谓“自动”，是指机械变速器每个档位的变换是借助反映发动机负荷和车速的信号系统来控制换档系统的执行元件而实现的。驾驶员只需操纵加速踏板以控制车速。
半自动操纵式变速器 有两种型式：一种是常用的几个档位自动操纵，其余档位则由驾驶员操纵；另一种是预选式，即驾驶员预先用按钮选定档位，在踩下离合器踏板或松开加速踏板时，接通一个电磁装置或液压装置来进行换档。
汽车变速器总汇--免费共享!
本人十分看不惯要积分的行为，所有文档均免费与大家共享，希望大家阅得开心！浅谈常见tronic命名变速器翻开汽车宣传彩页的配置表或者在各式汽车广告中我们常会被诸如Tiptronic、Multitronic、S tronic、Steptronic等等这类专业术语搞得一头雾水。
对汽车知识了解较多的人可以说出这些词语代表的是不同类型以及不同厂家的自动变速器，但大多数人却对此知之甚少。
今天我以普及知识的角度为大家介绍市面上常见的八种带有“tronic”字符的变速器以及它们身上的特点，以便在购车或者日后驾驶时能够根据其特点去选择及合理使用。
●什么是“tronic”？有人说“tronic”的意思就是变速器，而且在谷歌翻译中也是这样解释，但实际上这种说法是错误的。
tronic这个单词在各类英汉词典中都没有相应的中文注解，而且从语法角度讲它也是作为一个后缀紧跟在前面单词之后，由此我们可以推断它本身并不具有实际意义。
tronic来源于“electronic电子化”这个单词，由于早期的自动变速器主要由机械控制，各大厂家习惯以“matic”命名；而现代的自动变速器则主要依靠电子控制液压或马达驱动，而且要受发动机控制单元也就是ECU的控制，电子化水平相当高，所以命名方式便倾向于“tronic”。
我们大致可以判断：带有tronic叫法的变速器绝大多数为自动变速器。
●“tronic”变速器有哪些？手自一体变速器、连续可变传动变速器以及双离合变速器为常见的三种自动变速器形式，tronic叫法也基本上被用在这三种身上。
在手自一体阵营主要有大众集团、PSA等常用的Tiptronic、奔驰7G-Tronic、宝马Steptronic、沃尔沃Geartronic、阿尔法罗密欧Q-Tronic等。
无级变速器阵营有奥迪Multitronic、日产Xtronic、斯巴鲁Linea rtronic等。
双离合有奥迪S tronic以及三菱Sportronic。
汽车变速箱英语词汇
汽 车 变 速 器 英 语 词 汇 （1 ）(副变速器)变速杆 range selector按钮控制fin ger-tip co ntrol半自动换档机械式变速器 semi-automatic mecha ni cal tran smissi on 半自动液力变速器 semiautomatic tran smissi on 包角scroll边斜角(进出口)bias(e ntrance and exit)变矩范围 torque conversion range 变容式液力变矩器 variable capacity con verter 变速叉 shifting fork (gear shift fork)变速齿轮比(变速比)tran smissi on gear ratio变速齿轮组 change gear set 变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail 变速杆 stick shift(gear shift lever) 变速器 transmission (gearbox)变速器输出轴 tran smissi on output shaft 变速器输入轴 transmission in put shaft 变速器中间轴 tran smissi on coun tershaft变速器主动齿轮轴 tran smissi on drive gear shaft变速器主轴 transmission main shaft 变速踏板 gear shift pedal 操纵杆 control lever 槽导变速 gate change 长行星齿轮 long planet gear常啮齿轮 constant mesh gear常啮合齿轮传动 con sta nt mesh tran smissi on 常压式同步器 con sta nt pressure synchroni zer 超速档变速器 over drive tran smissi on泵轮 impeller变矩比 torque ratio 变矩系数torque ratio 变速齿轮 transmission gear变速器轴的刚度 rigidity of shaft 超限换档 overrun shift带主减速器的变速器 final driving transmission 传动比gear ratio 单向离合器 one-way clutch 导轮可反转的变矩器 torque con verter with 倒档 reverse gear 彳氐速档 bottom gear(low speed gear) 第二档second gear 电磁阀调压阀 sole noid regulator valve 电液式自动换档系统 electro nic -hydraulic单向离合器换档 freewheel shift reversal reactor 倒档中间齿轮 reverse idler gear 第一档 first gearautomatic电子同步变速装置electro nically syn chro ni zed tran smissi on assembly 调压阀pressure -regulator valve 调制压力modulated pressure 定输入扭矩特性con sta nt in put torque performa nee定轴式液力变速器coun tershaft tran smissi on定子stator 动力换档power shift 动力换档过程timing动力相似dynamic similarity动力助力换档变速器power assisted shift transmission短行星齿轮short planet gear 多级变速器multi-speed transmission 多中间轴变速器multi-co un tershaft tran smissi on反拖特性coast performanee 方向盘式变速column shift(handle change) 分动齿轮(分动机构)transfer gear 分动箱(分动器) 分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork分段式多档变速器sectional type multi-speed tran smissi on 分流式液力变速器split torque drive transmission 辅助变速器auxiliary gear box 副轴counter shaft 高速档top gear(high gear) 固定轴式变速器fixed shaft transmission 惯性式同步器inertial type of synchronizer 过载系数overloading ratio 滑差slip 滑动齿轮变速器slidi ng gear tran smissi on 滑动齿轮传动sliding -gear transmission pressure tran sfer case副变速器副轴齿轮splittercoun ter shaft gear后油泵gear pump (output pump ) 滑动齿轮sliding gear缓冲压力compensator or trimmer 换档点shift point换档阀shift valve换档机构gearshift换档元件engaging element 回油泵scavenge oil pump 级stage继动阀relay valve汽车变速器英语词汇(2)换档shift换档定时property of automatic shift 换档规律process of power shift 换档循环shift schedule换档指令发生器shift pattern generator 机械式变速器mecha ni cal tran smissi on 几何相似geometry similarity寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performanee 降档downshift经济档economic gear力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 两轴式变速器twin-shaft transmission零速转速stall speed 空档位置neutral position 空转转速racing speed 零速起动stall start 流量阀flow valve内侧行星齿轮 inner pla net gear 内环core啮合套 shift sleeve (engagement sleeve) 偶合点 coupling point前油泵 front pump (input pump ) 强制换档forced shift取力器(动力输出机构) power take-off 全齿套变速器 all dog clutch tran smissi on 全特性 total external characteristic全斜齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all helical gear 全液压自动换档系统 hydraulic automatic control system 全油门特性 full throttle performanee全直齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all spur gear transmission 人工换档液力变速器 manu ally shifted tran smissi on设计流线 design path 人工换档 manual shift手动换档变速器 manually shifted transmission 输出特性 characteristic of exit 双泵轮液力变矩器 double-impeller torque conv erter输入特性 characteristic of enhance 双联行星齿轮 compound planet gear 双涡轮液力变矩器 double-turb ine torque conv erter双中间轴变速器 twin countershaft transmission 速度环量 circulation (circulation of stream)内齿轮 internal or king gear 能容系数 capacity factor 能容系数 capacity factor 偶合范围 coupling range 爬行档 creeper gear 驱动特性 drive performaneetran smissi on速度三角形triangle of velocities 速控压力governor pressure 速控阀锁止式液力变矩器lock-up torque con verter 同步器式变速器syn chromesh tran smissi on 透穿性transparency外环shell无级变速器non-stage transmission 先导阀priority valve相phase信号阀signal valve行星齿轮式变速器pla netary tran smissi on 行星式液力变速器pla netary tran smissi on 选档阀selector valvegovernor valve 锁止离合器lock-upclutch 太阳齿轮sun gear 同步器synchronizer夕卜侧行星齿轮outer planet gear涡轮turbine吸收特性absorption characteristic限档压力hold pressure 响应特性response characteristic 行星齿轮planet gear 行星齿轮机构pla netarygears 行星架planet carrier 叶轮member叶片blade叶片转位 blade angle shift液力变矩器旁通阀 con verter bypass valve 液力变速器 hydrodynamic transmission 液力传动装置 hydrodynamic drive unit 液力传动装置充油压力hydrody namic unit 液力偶合器fluid coupling 液流角flow angle 原始特性 primary characteristic 远距离操纵变速器 remote con trol tran smi ： 真空调制压力 vacuum modulator pressure 直接变速 direct change(direct control) 直接操纵变速器 direct control transmission直接档变速器 direct drive transmission直接驱动 direct drivelock-up torque con verter 锁止离合器lock-up clutch太阳齿轮 sun gear同步器式变速器 syn chromesh tran smissi on夕卜侧行星齿轮 outer planet gear 无级变速器 non-stage transmission 吸收特性 absorption characteristic限档压力 hold pressure响应特性 response characteristic 行星齿轮 planet gear行星齿轮式变速器 pla netary tran smissi on 行星式液力变速器 pla netary tran smissi on 叶轮member叶片角 blade angle液力变矩器旁通阀 con verter bypass valve 液力变速器 hydrod yn amic tran smissi on 液力传动装置 hydrodynamic drive unit液力传动装置充油压力 hydrodynamic unit change pressure 液力偶合器fluid coupling液力起步fluid start叶片角 blade angle液力变矩器 torque converter 液力变矩器锁止 con verter lockup 液力传动 hydrodynamic drivecha nge pressure液力起步fluid start 抑制换档 inhibited shift锁止式液力变矩器 同步器 synchronizer 透穿性 transparency 外环shell 涡轮 turbine 先导阀 priority valve 相 phase 信号阀 signal valve行星齿轮机构 pla netary gears 行星架 planet carrier 选档阀 selector valve 叶片blade叶片转位 blade angle shift液力变矩器 torque converter 液力变矩器锁止 conv erter lockup 液力传动 hydrodynamic drive液流角flow angle 抑制换档inhibited shift远距离操纵变速器remote control transmission 原始特性primary characteristic 真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure直接变速direct change(direct control) 直接操纵变速器direct control transmission直接档变速器direct drive transmission 直接驱动direct drive中间齿轮in termediate gear(co un ter gear)中间轴变速器coun tershaft tran smission重迭阀overlap valve 主压力line pressure 转子rotor自动换档机械式变速器主变速器basic transmission 转动叶片variable blade自动换档automatic shift automatic mecha ni cal tran smissi on自动液力变速器automatic tran smissi on 自动增力式同步器self-servo synchroni zer 综合式液力变矩器torque conv erter-coupli ng 组合式变速器comb in atory tran smissi on。
汽车变速器外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
TRANSMISSIONManual transmission is one of the most common transmission, referredto as MT. Its basic structure in a single sentence is a central axis, twoinput shaft, namely, the axial and axial oart, they constituted the transmission of the subject, and, of course, a reverse axis. Manual transmission gear transmission and manual, contain can in axial sliding gears, through different meshing gears to change gear of torsional purpose.The typical structure and principle of the manual transmission.Input shaft also says, it's in front of the spline shaft directly withclutch platen, thus the spline set by the engine relay of torque. The firstshaft gear meshing gears, often with oart as input shaft, and the gear on oart will turn. Also called shaft, because even more solid shaft of gear. The output shaft, and the second shaft position have the drive shaftgear, may at any time and under the influence of the control devices and the corresponding oart gear, thus changing the speed and torque itself. The output shaft is associated with tail spline shaft torque transmissionshaft, through to drive to gear reducer.Predictably, transmission gear drive forward path is: input shaftgear - oart gnaws gnaws gear - because the second shaft gear - corresponding corresponding gear. Pour on the axle gear can also controldevice, by moving axis in the strike, and the output shaft gear and oart gear, in the opposite direction.Most cars have five forward and reverse gear, each one has certain ratio,the majority of gear transmission more than 1, 4 gears transmission is 1, called directly, and ratio is less than 1 of article 5 gear shift accelerated called. The output axis gear in the mesh position, can acceptpower transmission.Due to the gearbox output shaft to input shaft and the speed of theirgear rotating, transform an "synchronization problem". Two rotating speeddifferent meshing gears forcibly inevitable impact and collision damage gear. Therefore, the old transmission shift to use "two feet clutch" method, ShengDang in neutral position shift to stay for a while, in the space location on the door, in order to reduce gear speed. But this operation is more complex, difficult to grasp accurately. Thereforedesigners to create "synchronizer", through the synchronizer will makethe meshing gears reach speed and smooth.Currently the synchronous transmission adopts is inertial synchronizer, it mainly consists of joints, synchronizer lock ring etc,it is characteristic of the friction effect on achieving synchronization.Mating, synchronizer and mating locking ring gear tooth circle have chamfering (locking horns), the synchronizer lock ring inside surface ofgear engagement ring and the friction surface contact. The lock horns with cone when designing the proper choice, has been made to the surface friction of meshing gears with gear synchronous, also can rapid producesa locking function, prevent the synchronous before meshing gears. When synchronous lock ring of gear engagement with surface contact surface, the outer circle in friction torque under the action of gear speed rapiddecrease (increase) or to synchronous speed equal, both locking ring spunconcurrent, relative to lock ring gear synchronous speed is zero, thus inertia moment also disappear, then in force, driven by the junction of unimpeded with synchronous lock ring gear engagement, and further to engagement with the engagement ring gear tooth and complete shift process.functional (1) change ratio, meet different driving conditions for tractionengine, the need to work in the favorable conditions and meet the speed may request. In a wide range of vehicle speed changing the size and automobile driving wheel on the size of the torque. Due to the differentdemands, automobile driving conditions of vehicle speed and torque can drive in a broad range of change. For example, in high speed can be reachedon 100km/h, while in the urban district, speed in 50km/h. In the empty flat roads, road, very little resistanceWhen When carrying carrying carrying uphill, uphill, uphill, driving driving driving resistance resistance resistance was was was great. great. great. And And And the thecharacteristics of automobile engine speed range is lesser, and torque changes more cannot meet the actual conditions range. (2) drive backward, to satisfy the need to drive car backwards. Realizing the backing, engine crankshaft are generally only to a direction,and sometimes need to back, so, often used in the transmission of reverseto realize the car drive backward.(3) in power, interruption, idle running engine starting, auto shift or need to stop the dynamic output, interrupted to transfer the power ofthe drive wheels.(4), when the clutch engagement realize gap, gearbox can not power output. For example, can ensure drivers in engine flameout loosen the clutch when leaving drivers seat.constituteBy continuously variable transmission gearbox and speed control twoparts. The main function of the variable transmission torque and speed is the change of numerical and direction, The main function of theoperation is controlled transmission mechanism, realize thetransformation of transmission ratio, shift to speed torque. Principle,Mechanical transmission main application of the principle of geartransmission velocity. Say simply, there are a number of differenttransmission gearbox group of gear pair of vehicle, and behavior, is alsoshifting gears trunk by manipulating institutions make different gearpair work. As in low-speed, ratio of gear pair work, and in high-speed, let ratio of small gear pair work.Classification,1, according to the change of transmission, transmission way, there can be divided into grade level and synthetical three.(a) : several levels of transmission ratio, can choose the fixed by gear. And can be divided into: gear axis of ordinary gear transmission and fixed gear planetary gear (part) of planetary gear transmission axisof rotation.b) stepless type transmission: ratio can be continuous variation within a certain range, commonly, mechanical and electric hydraulic typeetc.(c) comprehensive type transmission by a class type, transmission andstepless type transmission, the ratio of the maximum and minimum values can be in between the scope for several section stepless change.2, press control can be divided into compulsory manipulation, transmission, automatic control and semi-automatic control 3 kinds.(a) mandatory manipulation of transmission by direct manipulation, change gear shift lever drivers.(b) automatic control type transmission ratio of choice and change: the shift is automatic. Drivers simply manipulate accelerated pedal, transmission can according to the engine speed and load control signal signal actuator, realize the transformation of gear.(c) semi-automatic control type transmission can be divided into twokinds: one kind is part of gear, automatic shift gears, manual (mandatory)shift, Another kind is selected by button in mining under gear clutch pedalor accelerated release pedal, the executing agency to shift. Transmission of maintenance1 transmission gears maintenanceTransmission gears are always changing speed, load, gear toothsurface by bluntThe impact of load, which struck gear tooth surface (especially) damage. Common injuries are:(1) gear transmission is worn gear under normal working conditions, shows the wear uniform angled tooth gear, long wear along the directionTooth thickness shouldof the tooth should not exceed 30 percent longer,not exceed usd, Gear tooth surface area of not less than two-thirds, Running gear mesh clearance shall be commonly used, 0.15-0.26 mm to 0.8 mm limit, Gear engagement between 0.10-0.15 mm, should use limit for 0.60mm. Available batches or soft metal rivalries. If more than clearance method for measuring the pairs, should be replaced.due to fail togear clearance is mainly(2) gear teeth,broken toothmeet the requirements, gear meshing parts or work under great impact load.If you are not greater than 2mm edge of gear oil can smile ShiXiuafter-grinding continue to use, If the scope or have more than three pairs,should smile.(3) often mesh surface of the helical gear often wear face due. 10-0.30mm, in order to ensure that the axial clearance, if tooth gear good operation within the wear, can repair tank, but the amount of grinding grinding should not exceed. 50.(4) often meshing gears shaft neck, needle roller bearing and wear into seat hole hole meshing gears seat with needle bearings and shaft neckwith clearance should be 0.01 - three 0.08 mm, otherwise must be changed.2 the overhaul. Transmission shellGearbox shell is transmissions, to ensure the basis of each part of the transmission is correct position, work under load. Common injuries are:(1) the abrasion of shell bearing hole hole wear will destroy its bearing assembly relation with the bearing, the direct impact of input, output shaft transmission position relative to the hole. Bearing seat with0-0.03 mm clearance shall be used for the maximum limit, should be replacedor 0.10 mm) shell or pile hole repair.(2) shell threaded holes repair note oil ROM plug hole, dumping screwhole threads connecting bolts damage and between shellThreaded hole, can take damage with screw repair.3 transmission shaft of maintenanceTransmission in the process of operation, each bearing the torsionalmoment of change, and bending moment, JianChi part is under pressure, impact and sliding friction etc. Various axial load of common injuries are:(1) the shaft neck and neck too worn wear axis gear axis will not onlyoffset, and can bring the change gear clearance, when making noisetransmission shaft neck. Also make coordination relationship with bearingdamage, may cause ablation. So roller bearings in a place with no more than 0.02 axis wear mm needle bearing shaft neck wear with place, otherwisethan 0.07 mm landscape change or chrome.side of thein stress and more seriouswear JianChi wear(2) JianChispline. JianChi with check, when more than 0.25 or and wear with more thanusd keyway apprentice, gear engagement mm, combining with the gear with JianChi weeks, according to the mm apprentice woodruff key and shaft neckkeyways apprentice to JianChi 0.08 mm over there when the keyway weeks, or should be repaired or replaced shaft.(3) transmission shaft bending thimble resist transmission shaft withmaintenance on both ends of the roof, using pinhole batches of shaft radial micrometers, check the deviation should be less than 0.10 mm) pressure correction repair.4 synchronizer overhaulA. lock ring type inertial synchronizer ring maintenance: lock hornscone a about six degrees - 7 degrees, in use, cone Angle deformation ofrapid synchronous, and not be change in time. B. B. locking locking locking pin pin pin type type type inertial inertial inertial synchronizer: synchronizer: synchronizer: locking locking locking pin pin pin type type synchronizer major damage for cone rim wear, when, cone-disk cone rim on the thread of groove depth 0.40 mm wear to 010mm deep, should be replaced.If the cone rim are scratching, face to face, but two turning machining, must not be more than 1mm should be replaced.变速器手动变速器是最常见的变速器，简称MT MT。
Unit 3汽车专业英语(变速器)
Though there are several types of CVTs, most cars use a pair of variable-diameter pulleys, each shaped like a pair of opposing cones, with a metal belt or chain running between them(Fig.9-6) [1]. One pulley is connected to the engine (input shaft), the other to the drive wheels (output shaft). 虽然有几种CVT型号，大部分汽车都是使用一对可变径滑 轮，形状象一对相向的圆锥，而且在两者之间有一条金属 带或链在运转。一个滑轮连接着发动机（输入轴），另一 个连接着驱动轮（输出轴）。
汽车传动专业词汇英语翻译
汽车传动专业词汇英语翻译齿轮箱【gear box 】变速机之意。
美式英文又称gear case或transmission，不过在英国transmission除了指变速机之外，通常还包括离合器到最终传动等整个驱动系统。
离合器的震动离合器结合的时候，感觉车体震动的现象，通常这是因为离合器碟片压力不平均而造成。
不过离合器震动的原因也并不完全就是出在离合器上，往往也有可能是因为引擎支撑部份出了问题。
半踩离合器本来这是离合器的一种问题现象：紧急加速或爬坡时，引擎空转无法加速；其原因即在于离合器摩擦力不足，使引擎的动力传达不了。
有可能是因为离合器来令片的磨耗，或是弹簧压力不足而造成的不正常现象。
常在半踩离合器状态下滑行的话，会使来令片更提早磨损，此时也将发现耗油量骤然增高，必须及早送修。
离合器结合clutch meet在此英文中的meet是接合的意思，透过松开离合器的动作，将摩擦片从踏着离合器踏板的状态下，放松力量以接合离合器。
像赛车要以加速力一决胜负的时候，这项技巧就显得非常重要。
离合器片/离合器来令片【clutch disc/clutch lining 】位于飞轮与压板之间，当压盘压住的时候，传达摩擦力的摩擦圆盘就是离合器片；两面分别铺有摩擦材，即为来令片。
来令片是由耐热、耐磨的石棉与石墨等成份制成的板状物。
此外，离合器片是在两块板中间，加了名为扭矩减震器的弹簧，藉着这个缓冲，使行车更加舒适。
离合器压板【clutch pressure plate 】藉着离合器盖中分离轴承的滑动、前后移动，将弹簧的压力平均施压于离合器片，或使其分离。
这个动作的分合是透过离合器踏板进行的。
离合器盖【clutch cover 】回转时支撑离合器结构的金属盖，装在飞轮上，将里面离合器弹簧的力量传达到压板上。
离合器弹簧可分为隔膜式与线圈式。
离合器踏板【clutch pedal 】为了在驾驶座上控制离合器而设的踏板，通常设于左脚的位置。
汽车变速器英语
汽车变速器英语变速器 transmission (gearbox)机械式变速器 mechanical transmission固定轴式变速器 fixed shaft transmission中间轴变速器 countershaft transmission双中间轴变速器 twin countershaft transmission多中间轴变速器 multi-countershaft transmission两轴式变速器 twin-shaft transmission行星齿轮式变速器 planetary transmission滑动齿轮变速器 sliding gear trnasmission全直齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all spur gear transmission全斜齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all helical gear transmission 全齿套变速器 all dog clutch transmission多级变速器 multi-speed transmission无级变速器 non-stage transmission同步器式变速器 synchromesh transmission直接档变速器 direct drive transmission超速档变速器 over drive transmision手动换档变速器 manually shifted transmission直接操纵变速器 direct control transmissionm远距离操纵变速器 remote control trnasmission动力助力换档变速器 power assisted shift transmission自动换档机械式变速器 automatic mechanical tranmission半自动换档机械式变速器 semi-automatic mechanical transmission插入式多档变速器 interttype multi-speed tranmission分段式多档变速器 sectional type multi-speed tranmisssion组合式变速器 combinatory transmission主变速器 basic trnasmission副变速器 splitter带主减速器的变速器 final driving transmission液力变速器 hydraudynamic transmission自动液力变速器 automatic transmission半自动液力变速器 semiautomatic transmission人工换档液力变速器 manually shifted transmission分流式液力变速器 split torque drive tranmisson定轴式液力变速器 countershaft transmission行星式液力变速器 planetary trnamission电子同步变速装置 electronically synchronized transmission assembly 滑动齿轮传动 sliding -gear transmission常啮合齿轮传动 constant mesh transmission啮合套 shift sleeve (engagement sleeve)液力传动 hydraudynamic drive液力传动装置 dydraudynamic drive unit液力偶合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器 torque converter综合式液力变矩器 torque converter-coupling锁止式液力变矩器 lock-up torque converter变容式液力变矩器 variable capacity converter同步器 synchronizer常压式同步器 constant pressure synchronizer惯性式同步器 inertial type of synchronizer自动增力式同步器 self-servo sysnchronizer双涡轮液力变矩器 double-turbine torque converter双泵轮液力变矩器 double-impeller torque converter导轮可反转的变矩器 torque converter with revereal reacto分动箱（分动器） transfer case辅助变速器 auxiliary gear box取力器（动力输出机构） power take-off传动轴减速器 dirveline retarder液力减速器 hydraulic retarder单向离合器 one-way clutch锁止离合器 lock-up clutch叶轮 member泵轮 impeller涡轮 turbine导轮 reactro转子 rotor定子 stator级 stage相 phase叶片 blade转动叶片 variable blade循环圆 trus section速度三角形 triangle of velocities外环 shell内环 core设计流线 design path边斜角（进出口） bias(entrance and exit)包角 scroll叶片骨线 mean camberline叶片角 blade angle阻流板 step,reflectro,baffle速度环量 circulation (circulation of stream) 液流角 flow angle滑差 slip速比 speed ratio变矩比 torque ratio能容系数 capacity factor零速转速 stall speed空转转速 racing speed变矩范围 torque conversion range偶合范围 coupling range偶合点 coupling point锥形渐开线齿轮 conical involute gear变速齿轮 transmission gear分动齿轮（分动机构） transfer gear变速齿轮组 change gear set滑动齿轮 sliding gear常啮齿轮 constant mesh gear倒档中间齿轮 reverse idler gear行星齿轮机构 planetary gears行星齿轮 planet gear行星架 planet carrier太阳齿轮 sun gear内齿轮 internal or king gear外侧行星齿轮 outer planet gear内侧行星齿轮 inner planet geear长行星齿轮 long planet gear短行星齿轮 shor planet gear双联行星齿轮 compound planet gear中间齿轮 intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮 counter shaft gear副轴 counter shaft变速器输入轴 transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴 transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴 transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴 transmission main shaft变速器中间轴 transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度 rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比） transmission gear ratio传动比 gear ratio主压力 line pressure调制压力 modulated pressure真空调制压力 vacuum modulator pressure速控压力 governor pressure缓冲压力 compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力 hold presure前油泵 front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力 hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵 gear pump (output pump )回油泵 scavenge oil pump调压阀 pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀 solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀 converter bypass valve速控阀 governor valve选档阀 selectro valve换档阀 shift valve信号阀 signal valve继动阀 relay valve换档指令发生器 shift pattern generator档位指示器 shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀 priority valve流量阀 flow valve重迭阀 overlap valve液力减速器控制阀 retarder control valve液力起步 fluid start零速起动 stall start液力变矩器锁止 converter lockup全液压自动换档系统 hydraulic automatic control system 电液式自动换档系统 electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档 shift升档 upshift降档 downshift动力换档 power shfit单向离合器换档 freewheel shfit人工换档 manual shfit自动换档 automaitc shfit抑制换档 inhibited shift超限换档 overrun shift强制换档 forced shift换档点 shift point叶片转位 blade angle shift换档滞后 shift hysteresis换档循环 shift schedule换档规律 process of power shift动力换档过程 timing换档定时 property of automatic shift换档品质 property of automatic shft换档元件 engaging element换档机构 gearshift操纵杆 control lever变速杆 stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆 range selector变速叉 shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆 transfer gear shift fork变速踏板 gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉道轨） shift rail直接变速 direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速 column shift (handle change) 按钮控制 finger-tip control槽导变速 gate change空档位置 neutral position直接驱动 direct drive高速档 top gear(high gear)低速档 bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档 first gear第二档 second gear超速档 overdirve gear经济档 economic gear倒档 reverse gear爬行档 creeper gear驱动特性 drive performance反拖特性 coast performance定输入扭矩特性 constant input torque performance全油门特性 full throttle performance寄生损失特性 no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性 primary characteristic响应特性 response characteristic吸收特性 absorption characteristic全特性 total external characteristic输入特性 characteristic of enhance输出特性 characteristic of exit力矩特性 torque factor(coefficient of moment)过载系数 overloading ratio变矩系数 torque ratio能容系数 capacity factorr几何相似 geometry similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似 dynamic similarity透穿性 transparency万向节和传动轴 universal joint and drive shaft万向节 universal joint非等速万向节 nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节 constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节 near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节 self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节 non self suporting universal joint 回转直径 swing diameter等速平面 constant velocity plane万向节夹角 true joint angle十字轴式万向节 cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉 yoke突缘叉 flange york滑动叉 slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节 slip joint花键轴叉 slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉） tube(weld yoke)十字轴 cross(spider)十字轴总成 cross assembly挠性元件总成 flexible universal joint球销式万向节 flexible member assembly双柱槽壳 housing球环 ball球头轴 ball head球头钉 button中心球和座 centering ball and seat球笼式万向节 rzeppa universal joint钟形壳 outer race星型套 inner race保持架 cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节 plunging constant velocity joint 筒形壳 cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套 inner race withcylinder ball grooves偏心保持架 non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节 ball spline rzeppa universal joint 外壳 outer housing内壳体 inner housing球叉式万向节 weiss universal joint球叉 ball yoke定心钢球 centering ball三球销万向节 tripod universal joint三柱槽壳 housing三销架 spider双联万向节 double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节 tracta universal joint凸块叉 fork yoke榫槽凸块 tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块 groove coupling传动轴 drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系 drive line传动轴形式 drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴 two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴 two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴 single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴 unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器 drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承 drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件 weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度 drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声 resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速 critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡 balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量 slip相位角 phase angle传动轴安全圈 drive shaft safety strap驱动桥 drive axle(driving axle)类型 type断开式驱动桥 divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥 rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥 independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥 steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥 tandem axles“三速”贯通轴 "three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥 single drive axle多桥驱动 multiaxle drive减速器 reducer主减速器 final drive单级主减速器 single reduction final drive双级主减速器 double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器 front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器 rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器 top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器 planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器 thru-drive双速主减速器 two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器 two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器 two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器 wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器 planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器 differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor)外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器 spur geared wheel reductor差速器 differential锥齿轮式差速器 bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器 spur gear differential防滑式差速器 limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器 multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器 self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器 automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器 locking differential液压差速器 hydraulic differential轴间差速器 interaxial differential差速器壳 differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮 final reduction gear驱动轴减速比 axle ratio总减速比 total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比 final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮 double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴 differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮 differential side gear行星齿轮 spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear格里林齿制 gleason tooth奥林康型齿制 oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数 number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽 face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 平面锥齿轮 plane bevel gear奥克托齿形 octoid form平顶锥齿轮 contrate gear齿面接触区 circular tooth contact齿侧间隙 backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴 differential spider差速器锁止机构 differential locking -device差速器锁止系数 differential locking factor差速器壳轴承 carrier bearing桥壳 axle housing整体式桥壳 banjo housing可分式桥壳 trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳 unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳 split housing冲压焊接桥壳 press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳 expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳 forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳 cast rigid axle housing半轴 axle shaft全浮式半轴 full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴 semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴 three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥最大附着扭矩 slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力 rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比 driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量 drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴 single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴 double joint swig axle。
变速器英语
Transmission减速器reducer中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比）transmission gear ratio传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure 限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵gear pump (output pump )scavenge oil pump调压阀pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system 电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档shift升档upshiftdownshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift 换档品质property of automatic shft 换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever) （副变速器）变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail直接变速direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速column shift (handle change)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performanceprimary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment) 过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameterconstant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint 万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle 转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate 自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear行星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid formcontrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing 对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiydriveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type of suspension 组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type双横臂式double with-bone arm type横置板簧式transversal leaf spring type双纵臂式double trailing arm type单横臂式single transverse arm type双横臂式double -wishbone type单横臂式singe trailing arm type双纵臂式double-trailing arm type单斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四连杆式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type烛式sliding pillar type麦弗逊式MacPherson type金属弹簧式metal spring type空气弹簧式air spring type油气弹簧式hydro-pneumatic spring type 橡胶液体弹簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡胶弹簧式rubber spring type液体弹簧式hydraulic spring type三点悬架three-point suspension四点悬架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts悬架臂suspension arm上悬架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm纵臂trailing arm横臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撑梁support beam横向推力杆lateral rod纵向推力杆longitudinal rod拉杆tension rod压杆strut bar支撑杆strut bar扭矩套管torque tube变截面弹簧tapered spring钢板弹簧leaf spring(laminated spring) 副钢板弹簧auxiliary spring非对称钢板弹簧unsymmetrical leaf spring单片式钢板弹簧single leaf spring多片式钢板弹簧muotileaved spring纵向钢板弹簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋弹簧coil spring (helicalspring)空气弹簧air spring囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm typeair spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring type液体弹簧hydraulic spring油气弹簧hydro-pneumatic spring type单气室油气弹簧single chamber hydragas spring双气室油气弹簧double chamber hydragas spring液体弹簧hydraulic spring底盘弹簧chassis spring四分之一椭圆形弹簧quarter elliptic spring半椭圆形弹簧half-elliptic spring(semi-elliptic spring) 四分之三椭圆形弹簧three quarter elliptic spring全椭圆形弹簧full elliptic spring悬臂弹簧cantilever spring簧上质量sprung weight簧下质量unsprung weight垫上弹簧载荷量spring capacity at pad地面弹簧载荷量spring capacity at ground弹簧静挠度spring static deflection弹簧跳动间隙bump clearance of spring弹簧中心距distance between spring centers减振器shock absorber筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber油压缓冲器hydraulic buffer负荷调平式减振器load -levelling shock absorber液压减振器dydraulic shock absorber可调减振器adjustable shock absorber摇臂式减振器lever type shock absorber 磨擦式减振器frictional shock absorber充气减振器gas-filled shock absorber动力减振器dynamic shock absorber减振器卸荷阀shock absorber relief valve 减振器进油阀shock absorber intake valve 减振器示功图damper indicator diagram 减振器液damper fluid横向稳定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑动座sliding seat滑板sliding plate弹簧架spring bracket弹簧主片spring leaf钢板弹簧吊耳leaf spring shackle钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin弹簧卷耳spring eyeU型螺栓U bolt钢板弹簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡胶衬套rubber bushing缓冲块buffer stopper限位块limiting stopper平衡轴trunnion shaft平衡轴支座trunnion base臂轴arm shaft平横臂equalizer螺纹衬套screw bushing（车身）高度阀levelling valve车架auxiliary tank整体车架unitized frame上弯式梁架upswept frame (kick up frame) 短型车架stub frame发动机支架engine mounting半径杆radius rod平衡杆stabilizer bar制动反应杆brake reaction rod分开式车身和车架separated body and frame车轮wheel车轮尺寸名称wheelsize designation车轮类型wheel type单式车轮single wheel双式车轮dual wheel整体轮毂式车轮wheel with integral hub组装轮辋式车轮demountable rim wheeldivided wheel可调车轮adustable wheel辐板式车轮disc wheel可反装式车轮reversible wheel辐条式车轮wire wheel安装面attachment face安装面直径attachment face diameter 双轮中心距dual spacing半双轮中心距half dual spacing轮缘flange固定轮缘fixed flange轮缘规格代号flange size disignation轮缘高度flange height轮缘半径flange radius轮级端部半径flange edge radius轮级宽度flange width内轴承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder 内移距inset横向跳动lateral run-out外移距outset径向跳动radius run-out轮辋rimrim size disignation轮辋宽度rim width标定轮辋宽度specified rim width轮辋直径rim diameter标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter轮辋类型rim types整体式（深槽式）one-piece(drop -center DC)半深槽式semi-drop center (SDC)二件式two-piece三件式three-piece四件式four-piece轮毂座hub seat五件式five-piece轮辋轮廓类型rim contour classification深槽轮辋drop center rim(DC)深槽宽轮辋wide drop center rim(WDC)半深槽轮辋semi-drop center rim(SDC)平底轮辋flat base rim平底宽轮辋wide flat base rim (WFB)全斜底轮辋full tapered bead seat rim (TB) 可拆卸轮辋demountable rim wheel对开式轮辋divided rim(DT)轮辋基体rim base轮辋基体偏移距rim base offset轮辋偏移距rim bevel distance气门嘴孔valve hole气门嘴孔的位置rim hole location锁圈槽gutter锁圈槽沟gutter groove锁圈槽顶gutter tip隔圈spaceband隔圈宽度spacerband width标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter 标定轮辋宽度specified rim width花键spline弹性锁圈spring lock ring辐条式车轮轮毂shell (wire shell)轮辋槽well槽角well angle槽深well depth槽底半径well iner radius槽的位置well position槽顶圆角半径well radius top槽宽度well width中心孔center hole中心线center line夹紧块clamp夹紧螺栓clamping bolt锥型座（螺帽定位用）cone seat (for retaining nut)可拆卸档圈detachable endless flange可拆卸弹簧档圈detachable spring flange可拆卸锥形座圈detachable endless taper bead seat ring 轮辐disc辐条wire spoke零移距zeroset弯距bending moment动态径向疲劳试验dynamic radial fatigue test横向疲劳试验cornering fatigue test轴安装axel mounting轴颈安装journal mounting孔径bore轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre 普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre 低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyrecast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre 内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre 胎面花纹treadpattern纵向花纹circumferetial pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern 混合花纹dual purpose tread patterndirectional tread pattern 雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern 花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图patttern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread 缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber 封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall 装饰线decorative rib装配线fitting line防擦线kerbing rib胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optional contours 凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身tube body断面宽度section width断面高度section height高宽比（H/S）aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius转向系steering system类型type机械转向系manual steering system动力转向系power steering system转向操纵机构steering control mechanism直列式转向器in-line steering gear四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkage steering整体式动力转向机构integral type power steering总成和部件assemblies and parts转向万向节steering universal joint转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft转向管柱steering column球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steering column 可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column 吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column 网络状转向柱管net type steering column转向轴steering shaft转向横轴cross shaft转向盘steering wheel倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel机构转向器manual steering gear蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear转向器盖cover of steering gear壳体housing转向蜗杆steering worm滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft侧盖side cover摇臂轴pitman arm shaft循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear 转向螺母steering nut钢球ball转向螺杆steering screw循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever and peg steering gear指销stud蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack动力转向器power steering stgear整体式动力转向器integral power steering gear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressure hydraulic power steering gear常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulic power steering gear 螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steering gear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear变传动比转向器steering gear with variable ratio转向控制阀steering control valve滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type阀体valve housing滑阀valve spool转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type扭杆torsion bar转向动力缸power cylinder转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向传动杆系steering linkage动力转向系布置power steering system layout反作用阀reactive valve梯形转向机构ackerman steering整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steering linkdage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steering linkage中间转向杆intermediate steering rod转向摇臂pitman arm转向直拉杆steering drag link中间转向联杆center steering linkdage端部螺塞end plug球头销ball stud球头座ball cup压缩弹簧compression spring梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形臂tie rod arm转向横拉杆steering tie rod接头socket横拉杆端接头tie rod end分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rod linkage摆臂swing arm动力转向power steering气压式动力转向air-power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flow type power steering 液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulator power steering慢速转向slow steeirng快速转向fast steering (quick steering)过度转向oversteering转向不足understeering转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steering gear转向力矩steering mometn转向阻力矩steering resisting torque转向力steering force转向传动比steering gear ratio (steering ratio0恒定转向传动比constant ratio steering可变转向传动比variable ratio steering转向系角传动比steering system angle ratio转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio转向器传动效率steerign gear efficiency正效率forward efficiency逆效率reverse efficiency转向器扭转刚度torsional stiffness of steering gear转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns转向器总圈数total turns of steering gaer转向器传动间隙steering gar cleanrance摇臂轴最大转角max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft 转向摇臂最大摆角max. Swing angle of steering pitman arm 转向器反驱动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear转向器最大输出扭矩steering gear max. Output torque最大工作压力max. Working pressure额定工作压力rated working pressure转向油泵理论排量theoretical displacement of pump限制流量limited flow转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened play of steering contol valve转向控制阀全开隙totally -opened play of steering control valve转向控制阀内泄漏量internal leakage in steering control valve转向控制阀压力降pressure loss in steering control valve转向器角传动比特性steering gear angle ratio characteristic转向器传动间隙特性steering gear clearance characterstic转向器传动效率特性steering gear efficeieny characteristic转向力特性steering force characteristic动力转向系灵敏度特性power steering systme response characteristic 转向控制阀压力降特性steeirn gcontrol valve presrue loss characteristtic 前桥front axle工字梁I-beam双工字梁twin I-beam非驱动桥dead axle转向节steering knuckle挂车转向装置steering system of trailer中央主销式转向装置central king pin type steering systme无主销转向装置no king pin type steering system全杆式转向装置all linkage tyep steering system球销式转向节ball and socket steering knuckle转向节止推轴承steering knuckle thrust bearing前轮轴front wheel spindle转向盘轴steering spindle转向节轴knuckle spindle转向节臂steering knuckle arm（转向节）主销knuckle pin(King pin)反拳式前桥reverse elliott axle反拳式转向节reverse elliott steering knuckle叉式前桥elliott type axle叉式转向节elliott steering knuckle制动系braking ssytem类型tyep行车制动系统service braking sytem应急制动系统secondary (emergency )braking sytem 驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking sytem人力制动系统muscular energy braking sytem助力制动系统energy assisted braking system动力制动系统non-muscular energy braking system 惯性制动系统inertial braking styem重力制动系统gravity braking sytem单回路制动系统single-circuit braking system双回路制动系统dual -ciurcuit braking system单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking sytem多管路制动系统multi-line braking sytem连续制动系统continuous braking sytem半连续制动系统semi-continuous braking sytemm非连续制动系统non-continuous braking system伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking sytem电磁制动系统electormagnetic braking sytem机械制动系统mechanical braking sytem组合制动系统combination braking sytem基本术语bsic terms制动装备braking equipment组成部件constituent elements制动力学braking mechanics渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force干扰后效制动力矩distrubing residual braking torque 总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking。
汽车传动专业词汇英语翻译
倒档【reverse gear 】
英文的reverse就是倒退的意思，排档上的记号往往以R表示。齿轮比几乎与起步档差不在3～4:1，扭矩非常大。因为不是同步啮合，因为在前进状态下，须先等车子完全静止以后才能再打入倒档。
中立【neutral 】
传动系统停止输送力量到驱动轴的状态。排档位置中通常以N表示。
低速档／高速档【low geared／high geared 】
本来是指最终齿轮比的大小，但变速机的齿轮也采同样的设计。低速档的齿轮比较大，重视扭矩胜于速度。高速档则恰恰相反，齿轮比小而重视速度。
超比档／OD档【over top／over drive 】
指传动系统的齿轮比小于1:1。通常高速档都是在1:1左右，超比档更超过这个比例，因而得名。虽然0.8:1的减速比引擎回转还要快，但仍称为减速比。也是因此而称为超比档(OD)。优点在于高速行驶时，可节省耗油量且静肃性高。
锥形离合器【cone clutch 】
借着圆锥面的摩擦力传达动力的离合器，同样大小的圆盘式离合器相形之下，接触面大得多，在同样的负重状况下，所传达的动力与惯性力都比较大，唯须经过高精密度的加工与调整。也用在变速机的同步齿轮上。
齿式离合器【dog clutch 】
也称啮合式离合器，随着啮合式变速机，与齿轮并排轴向装置具有台型齿的离合器，藉着齿轮的组合控制离合器。因为离合器的形状如犬齿般锐利强固，因而得名。
高速档【top gear 】
高速行驶时齿轮力量最弱。齿轮比为1.0:1.2，多为直结状态的汽车，而前置引擎前轮驱动车则多为0.95:1。
三档【third gear 】
起步后的加速、山路、过弯等第三大力量档位，即使常用经济性也不太差。齿轮比约在1.3～1.5:1左右。
科技英语专业术语
《科技英语教程》专业术语Unit 1 Reading A1、steam-powered car；steam car 【P1】蒸汽（动力）汽车2、steam engine【P2】蒸汽（发动）机3、internal combustion engine (ICE) 【P2】内燃机external combustion engine (ECE) 外燃机4、transmission 【P3】n.〔汽车的〕传动装置，变速器AT=automatic transmission 自动变速器MT=manual transmission手动变速器5、clutch /klʌtʃ/ 【P3】[C]〔车辆的〕离合器（踏板）6、gear /ɡɪə/ 【P3】[C,U] （汽车等的）排挡，挡位7、stroke /strəʊk/ 【P3】n.往复运动，冲程8、reverse /rɪ'vɜːs/ 【P4】[U] 倒车挡9、brake /breɪk/ 【P4】[often plural,常用复数] [C ] 刹车，制动器，车闸10、boiler【P5】n.〔蒸汽机内或室内供暖的〕锅炉11、tank /tæŋk/ 【P5】n. [C ]〔储存液体或气体的〕箱，罐12、condenser【P5】 [C] 冷凝器13、steamer 【P5】蒸锅；汽轮（船）14、owner’s manual /'mænjuəl/ [P6 ] 用户手册15、starting【P7】(引擎、汽车、机器等)；(引擎、汽车或机器等) 发动16、hand-operated crank 【P7】手动曲柄17、backfire 【P7】vi.〔汽车引擎〕逆火，回火18、electric starter 【P7】电动马达，电动发动机19、hood fittings 【P12】引擎盖配件，发动机罩配件20、feedwater pump 【P12】给水泵21、fossil fuel【P15】化石燃料〔如煤、石油等〕22、carbon monoxide【P15】一氧化碳23、nitrogen oxide【P15】氧化氮24、throttle/'θrɒt(ə)l/ 【P15】〔控制汽车发动机油量的〕节流阀，油门25、heat resistant coating 【P17】耐高温涂层26、diesel /'diːz(ə)l/ n. 柴油；柴油车；柴油船petroleum /pə'trəʊlɪəm/ [U ]石油gasoline /'gæsəliːn/ [U ]汽油27、steam power【P21】蒸汽动力Unit 3 Reading A1、artificial heart【P1】人造心脏2、miniaturized space technology 【P1】微型太空技术3、heart disease【P1】心脏病4、organ transplant【P1】器官移植5、cardiovascular medicine【P1】心血管内科；心血管医学6、cardiac surgeon 【P2】心脏外科医生7、prosthetic heart【P2】假体心脏8、biological tissue【P3】生物组织9、materials science【P3】[材] 材料科学；材料学10、design methodology【P3】设计方法学11、telecom satellite【P3】通讯卫星12、quality threshold【P4】质量阈值，质量标准13、space electronics 【P4】空间电子学14、advanced modeling【P4】高级建模15、digital simulation【P4】[计]数字模拟； [化]数字仿真16、test bench【P4】试验台；[试验] 测试台17、human implant【P5】人体植入18、tiny electronics【P6】微电子设备；微电子学19、onboard computer【P6】机载计算机；船用计算机20、sensor 【P6】 [C ]〔探测光、热、活动等的〕传感器21、solar wing【P6】太阳翼（太空站的太阳能电池板）22、high-tech sensor【P7】高科技传感器23、brushless motor【P7】无刷电动机，无刷马达24、blood pressure 【P7】血压25、synthetic materials 【P8】合成材料，人造材料，合成物26、blood clots【P8】血栓；血液凝块27、stroke [C ] 【P8】中风，卒中，脑卒中28、pericardium /,perɪ'kɑːdɪəm/ n. 【P8】[解剖] 心包；心包膜[pl ] pericardia29、immune response【P8】免疫反应30、pumping system of motors【P8】电动机泵送系统31、hydraulic fluids【P8】液压机液体32、clinical trial【P10】临床试验33、NASA=National Aeronautics and Space Administration美国航空航天局Reading 1 Unit 51、the Fountain of Youth【P1】不老泉2、anti-aging drugs【P1】抗衰老药物3、elixir /ɪ'lɪksə/ [C] 【P1】literary a magical liquid that is supposed to cure people of illness,make them younger etc 灵丹妙药；不老药4、alchemist /'ælkɪmɪst/ 【P1】n. An alchemist was a scientist in the Middle Ages who tried todiscover how to change ordinary metals into gold. 炼金术士5、longevity clinic【P1】长寿诊所6、marketed intervention【P2】[贸易] 市场干预7、building blocks【P3】建筑模块；生命控制中心8、DNA 【P3】abbr. 脱氧核糖核酸（deoxyribonucleic acid） /di:'ɔksi,raibəu'nju:kli:ik/9、carbonhydrate/ˌkɑːbəʊˈhaɪdreɪt/ n. 【P3】碳水化合物；碳化过程10、Alzheimer n /'ælz'ɛmɚ/ 【P4】老年痴呆症（等于Alzheimer’s disease）11、sanitation system【P5】卫生系统12、parasitic disease【P5】寄生虫引起的疾病13、vaccine /væk'sin/ [C,U ] 【P5】a substance which contains a weak form of the bacteria or virus that causes a disease and is used to protect people from that disease 疫苗14、antibiotics/,æntɪbaɪ'ɒtɪks/【P5】 [C usually plural 一般用复数]a drug that is used tokill bacteria and cure infections抗生素，抗菌素15、physiological decline【P6】生理衰竭16、built-in plan【P6】内置计划17、blueprint /'bluːprɪnt/ [C] 【P6】a plan for achieving something计划，设想，蓝图18、caloric intake【P10】热量摄入19、stem cell 【P11】a special type of cell in the body, that can divide in order to form other typesof cells that have particular qualities or purposes 干细胞Reading A unit 81、GPS=Global Positioning System): 全球（卫星）定位系统2、GPS receiver 【P2】GPS接收器3、handy guide【P3】实用指南4、technical ingenuity【P3】技术创新5、earth-orbiting satellite 【P4】地球轨道卫星6、military navigation system 【P4】军事导航系统7、solar-powered satellite【P5】太阳能卫星8、complete rotation【P5】周转9、trilateration /,trailætə'reiʃən/ n. 【P5】[测] 三边测量（术）10、three-dimensional space 【P5】三维空间11、radius /'reɪdɪəs/ [pl ] : radii /'reɪdɪaɪ/ 【P7】（1）the distance from the centre to the edge of acircle, or a line drawn from the centre to the edge〔圆的〕半径（长度）（2）an area that coversa particular distance in all directions from a central point半径范围；周围12、altitude /'æltɪtjuːd/ [C] 【P12】（the height of an object or place above the sea海拔（高度）13、high-frequency, low-power radio signal【P14】（高频率、低功率无线电信号14、radio wave 【P15】无线电波；射频信号15、electromagnetic energy【P15】[电磁] 电磁能 /ɪ,lektrə(ʊ)mæg'netɪk/16、digital pattern 【P16】数字模式17、pseudo-random code【P17】伪随机码18、synchronized clocks【P19】同步时钟19、satellite positioning system【P19】卫星定位系统29、atomic clock 【P19】原子钟/ə'tɒmɪk/30、quartz clock【P20】石英钟/kwɔːts/31、the pull of the moon【P23】月球引力Reading A Unit 101、biotech food 【P5】转基因食品2、genetically modified food 【P1】转基因食品3、maize n【P2】玉米；黄色，玉米色4、processed foods 【P2】加工食品5、rapeseed oil【P2】菜子油6、high-fructose [ˈfrʌkˌtoʊs] 【P2】n. [有化] 高果糖7、syrup ['sɪrəp] n. 【P2】糖浆，果汁8、canola oil【P2】菜籽油9、USDA【P3】美国农业部（United States Department of Agriculture）10、genetically engineered food【P4】转基因食品11、multinational company 【P4】跨国公司12、resistance to herbicide【P5】除草剂抗性13、allergen ['ælɚdʒən] n. 【P5】[医] 过敏原14、toxin ['tɑksɪn] n. 【P5】毒素；毒质15、antibiotic resistance【P5】[微] 抗生素抗性16、nutrient content【P5】营养成分17、drought tolerance【P5】[农学][植] 抗旱性18、FDA【P7】（美）食药监（Food and Drug Administration）19、EPA【P7】（美）环保署（Environmental Protection Agency）20、Monsanto Corporation 【P7】（美国）孟山都公司21、litmus test 【P9】[化学] 石蕊色素测试22、one-gene addition【P12】单基因添加物23、protein【P12】蛋白质24、genetic engineering【P13】基因工程; 基因工程学25、domino effect 【P15】多米诺骨牌效应Reading A Unit 121、light pollution【P1】光污染2、the Milky Way 【P1】银河3、BBC=British Broadcast Company 【P3】英国广播公司4、birds migration【P5】鸟类迁徙5、nocturnal animals 【P5】夜行动物6、breast cancer 【P5】乳腺癌7、intelligent lighting system 【P7】智能照明系统8、wireless technology 【P8】无线技术9、central management system【P8】中央管理系统10、semiconductor 【P9】半导体11、mammal 【P12】哺乳动物12、global warming 【P21】全球变暖Topics of each unit：1、What are the advantages and disadvantages of steam cars and cars with internal combustionsengines? Do you think steam cars will reappear in the near future? Why or why not?2、How can advanced space technology benefit our lives on earth in a concrete way?3、What might be a reasonable and practical anti-aging life style?4、What are the civil applications of GPS?5、What are the risks and benefits of GM foods? Do you prefer GM foods or organic foods andwhy?6、What are the possible solutions to light pollution?。
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Automotive TransmissionTo study the performance of automotive transmission, we must first understand the automobile speed variator.The role of transmissionThe output of the engine speed is very high, maximum power and maximum torque at a certain speed area. Engine in order to exert the best performance, it is necessary to have a variable-speed devices, to coordinate the engine speed and the actual wheel speed. Transmission process in the car, in between the engine and the wheels have a different gear ratio, by shifting the engine can work at their best performance of state power. Transmissions are the development trend of more and more complex, increasingly high degree of automation, automatic transmission will be the mainstream of the future.Transmission typeAutomotive automatic transmission has three common forms: namely, Automatic Transmission (AT), mechanical stepless automatic transmission (CVT),electric-controlled mechanical automatic transmission (AMT). At present, the most widely used is the AT, AT almost become synonymous with automatic transmission.AT Torque by Torque, and planetary gear and hydraulic control system components, through the hydraulic transmission and gear portfolio approach to achieve variable-speed torque variation. One of Hydraulic Torque is the most important parts, which pump wheels, turbines and components, such as guide pulley of the transmission of both torque and the role of clutch.AT compared with, CVT save the complex and cumbersome combination of variable-speed gear transmission, but the two groups to carry out variable-speed drive pulley. By changing the driving wheel and driven wheel contact belt speed radius. Canceled because of gear, so the transmission ratio can change speed more smoothly, without shifting sense of the sudden jump.AMT and Automatic Transmission (AT) are the same class has automatic transmission. It is in general based on the manual transmission, through the installation of microcomputer-controlled electric device to replace the original finish by the manual operation of the clutch of separation, joint, and block transmission of theelection, motion shift, automatic shift implementation.The general structure of automobile transmission1. Easy transmission of the basic structure: the shell, transmission and manipulation of some parts.(1) Shell: Shell is the basic pieces of support for the installation of transmission and storage of all parts lubricants. Has installed its bearing on the precision boring. Transmission under varying load, so the stiffness of the shell should be enough, there is to strengthen the wall, the shape of the complex, as many castings (gray cast iron materials, commonly used HT200).In order to facilitate the installation, transmission and manipulation of some Split parts are frequently made, cover with the housing connected by bolts and reliable positioning. Shell has come on up, I put the oil, check oil foot mouth, should also be taken into heat dissipation.(2) Transmission parts: is the gear, shaft, bearings and other transmission parts. Geometry axis through strength, stiffness calculation. Mainly due to decide on the stiffness, while the carbon steel and alloy steel elastic modulus almost equal, so the general use of carbon steel (commonly used 45 steel). Only one gear with the shaft or axle load made serious only by steel. Shaft and gear for many spline connection (for neutral good, reliable transmission of power, a small compressive stress, etc.). Spline shaft bearing parts and let the surface hardening treatment by the Department. Shaft with rolling bearing supports many, easy lubrication, high efficiency, small radial clearance, axial positioning should be reliable. Many ways to use splash lubrication (υ> 25m / s, as long as the appropriate viscosity apparently succumbed to the wall).(3) to manipulate parts: the main components located inside the transmission cover.2. The composition of the structural characteristics of transmission: there is easy and efficient transmission, the advantages of simple easy-to-use-Jun mine but a few files, i changed the scope of small (traction, speed small), file number should be taken only at certain limited Cut used. If the increase in the scope of i, then increase the size so that transmission, axle span increase, both in order to increase the file-axis span of a few do not make too large, transmission can be formed. The composition of the so-called transmission, usually from both a combination of easy transmission, one of a few more files as the main transmission, less transmission known as the deputy.Transmission component of advantages:(1) can reduce the number of gears, and a few more files to reduce the number of gear the more obvious advantages. Easy compared with the transmission, it can shorten the length of shaft to reduce the transmission of the external size and weight, and can easily be more than one reverse. Into the file so the current number of files more than six hours, almost all transmission components.(2) transmission: the rate of change of Ω than large: if the main transmission gear ratio change rate Ωzu = 3, Vice transmission Ωfu = 4 is Ω= 12; easy transmission arrangement Ω = 12, the structure is often difficult to reasonable.Composed of transmission of disadvantage:(1) file groups have correspondence between the transmission ratio, so that each file is not 2, (the speed and traction) are ideal.(2) manipulation of trouble shifting, and sometimes both want to manipulate some speed, if not for the flower arrangement will shift memory.In order to reduce the control action, it is best to shift the order. Calling attention to the grade for this presentation ten out files so that the first group of transmission ratio is greater than all of the first file group 11 to the majority of phase transformation from the stall speed of just fixing the main purpose of this is the only way most convenient.GM Hydra-MaticGeneral can be regarded as the founder of automotive automatic transmission has been. The world's first automatic transmission is used in the United States in 1940 Oldsmobile automobile on a common, and it is a tandem structure of planetary gear transmission fluid control. Applies to the Cadillac STS-V's latest six-speed Hydra-Matic automatic transmission 6L80, may be regarded as the world's most advanced Automatic Transmission (AT) has been.Automatic Transmission For example, it has an internal gear is also divided, but the abolition of the clutch. The more gear, then shift, the better the ride comfort. At present, common automatic transmission are generally four-speed, that is, block has four forward. 6L80 has six forward gear, the number of teeth than the one blockare separately 2.36,3 block 4.03,2 block 0.85,6 block 1.15,5 block 1.53,4 block 0.67. Obviously, it is more than 4-speed automatic transmission with a greater ratio and smaller ratio of the difference, it is more smooth when speed.Outside the block a few more besides, 6L80 also has a lot of unique special skills:Driver shift control system (DSC) - through its driver into a vehicle without the clutch from the automatic five-speed, high-performance手动挡. Drivers under the food stalls to the DSC on the location, the light touch can be specified at the scope of the neat, smooth implementation block addition and subtraction. The driver to switch control mode, the transmission control module monitors the vehicle speed, engine torque and gear used to decide whether to automatically add block to avoid damage to the powertrain. Each have a sliding gear on the clutch, can be carried out on all five gear engine braking.Performance computing systems down block (PAL) - in a row after a high-speed, stop 升挡maintain engine braking. Transmission control module based on driving behavior to decide whether to activate the device. If the system found in the vehicle slowed down before turning, transmission may be even lower in order to avoid stall two block.Performance computing shift system (PAS) - turn off the accelerator in high-speed automatic adjustment of the level of acceleration gear, re-open at throttle-down power to elevate. Once the transmission control module to detect high levels of command, this function immediately.This transmission also reduced in the rugged mountain road "Shift Search," the stability of the shift functions, with the lower block BrakeAssist monitoring function, electronically controlled engine braking, as well as to adapt to these high-power, high torque engines are the new need a new dual-chip torque converter. In addition, SRX is also equipped with high-performance downhill Downgrade Detection Brake Assist.Chinese car market gearboxChina's auto market is in a transmission period of rapid development. 2007 Chinese sales of 8,791,500 motor vehicles, motor vehicle production in 2008 will exceed nine million sales, car sales in 2010 will reach 12.63 million. Size of the market in the automotive industry's rapid growth, China is faced with a major transmission industry opportunities. In 2006 the market scale of China's automobile transmission up to 300 billion yuan and more than 20% annual growth is expected in 2010 is expected to reach 60 billion yuan.汽车变速器要研究汽车变速器的性能，首先要了解汽车变速器。