作定语的形容词的位置

形容词的位置

限数描长形，旧色出材途

限：指示代词等

数：序数词、基数词

描：描叙性形容词

长：长短、大小等

形：形状

旧：新旧

色：颜色

出：出处，比如说国籍等

材：材质

途：用途

限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠

总体原则：当形容词（一个或数个）与其他词类共同修饰一个名词时，在意义上同名词关系最密切的词最靠近该名词

其排列次序如下

1．冠词或指示形容词(a, an, the, this, that, these, etc.)

2．所有格(my, our, John’s, etc.)

3．序数词(first, second, etc.)

4．基数词(one, two, etc.)

5．表示特性或性质的词(good, pretty, etc.)

6．大小、长短、高低(little, big, long, etc.)

7．年龄、温度、新旧(young, hot, warm, etc.)

8．形态、形状(round, square, etc.)

9．颜色(red, white, etc.)

10．国籍、地区、出处(British, southern, Italian, etc.)

11．物质、材料(wooden, rocky, tin, etc.)

12．用途、类别、目的、与……有关(medical, writing, etc.)

具体示例：

（1）大小+形状

a small round table

（2）大小，长短，高低，形状+颜色，温度，新旧

a little brown bowl;

a tall white building;

a long hot summer;

a wonderful new factory;

a little, yellow, ragged, lame, unshaven beggar

（3）年龄，新旧+颜色

a new pink blouse;

a dirty old brown skirt

（4）颜色+and+颜色

a blue and white flag;

a red, blue and white carpet

（5）大小，形状，年龄，颜色+国籍，地区，出处these tall young American policemen;

a beautiful large green Chinese carpet;

various city social problems;

an old, hale and white-haired professor

（6）其他词+材料，物质形容词或名词

a round brown wooden table;

a useful oblong tin box;

the beautiful old European cathedral cities;

a modern concrete office block;

a luxurious fiber glass pleasure-boat

（7）其他词+用途，类别形容词，名词或现在分词

a valuable old French writing desk;

a plastic garden chair;

an expensive Japanese sports car

（8）其他词+用作形容词的名词

the clear blue morning sky;

a new pleasure boat

（9）其他词，国籍，出处+颜色

the delicious French red wine;

all the ten strong young Chinese boy students;

the first three fine big old red English stone plantation houses （10）普通形容词居前，特殊形容词居后

a beautiful old brown French handmade kitchen cupboard;

a clean spacious airy room

11）出处+过去分词

a Chinese-made coat

（12）现在分词+出处

a first-running Japanese sports car

（13）big居前，little居后

a big(great) tall soldier;

a nice little hotel

（14）时间，地点名词居前

the local economic situation;

the annual financial report

（15）表示品质或质地的词居前，包括过去分词

the gifted young college students;

some well-known Russian writers;

the classic tasty French food

（16）动名词紧放在名词之前

the far-away twinkling stars;

audio-visual teaching aids

（17）little, young和old同名词关系密切时紧放在其前

the noble old man;

several angry young students;

a calm little girl

（18）little居old之前

a little old man

（19）beautiful居new之前，而ugly居new之后

a beautiful new chair;

a new ugly chair

（20）同类形容词——读音短的在前，读音长的在后

a tired, hungry, (and) sleepy old man;

a blue and white glass vase;

a low gentle continuous noise;

另外还要注意：

(1)有些形容词，排列位置不同，意义也不同

a German criminal lawyer 一位德国刑事律师（分类性）

a criminal German lawyer 一位犯有刑事罪的德国律师（描绘性）American dirty magazines 美国的淫秽杂志（分类性）

dirty American magazines 被弄脏了的美国杂志（描绘性）

(2)有些形容词位置可以互换

a thin dark face;

a dark thin face

(3)有些同等重要的形容词常用逗号隔开

a tall, plain, shy man;

a true and loyal and personal friendship

(4)有些固定说法须用and或连字符

hard and fast rules;

a blue-and-white flag

(5)有时形容词还有自己的修饰词

the highly effective pain-relieving drug