(完整版)人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

Section A

1. You should help to clean up the city parks.

Clean up意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up前面。

e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.

2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.

Cheer up意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语

e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.

Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad.

He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.

【拓展】

1）cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩”

e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.

2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为···欢呼，高呼”

e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero

3) cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”

e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.

4) cheer on 意为“为···加油”

e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？【现学现练】

He failed in the math test and looks sad. Let’s _______

A. put him up

B. set him up

C. cheer him up

D. clean him up

3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.

Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词

e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please?

【拓展】

Give out 的不同含义：

1）give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）

e.g. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.

2) give out表示“用完，耗尽”

e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.

4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.

V olunteer动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语

e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.

【拓展】

V olunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者”

e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?

5. We can’t put off making a plan

Put off意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语

e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain.

Please don’t put off doing your homework.

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.

【拓展】

由put构成的常见短语有：

Put away 将···收起来put on 穿上；上演put down 放下；记下Put out 熄灭；伸出put back 放回原处put up 张贴；搭建

6. Let’s make some notices, too

Notice此处作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告”

e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking”

I’ll put up a notice about the meeting.

【拓展】

1）notice作不可数名词，意为“注意”

e.g. Take notice of what they say.

2) notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到”

e.g. Did you notice Jack come in ?

7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be

Used to 意为“过去···，曾经···”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态

e.g. He used to work in the hospital.

He didn’t use to walk after supper.

【拓展】

1) be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的

e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write.

2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于···”

e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.

3) get/be used to doing sth.

e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.

8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.

Lonely是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。

e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends.

9. ···give up several hours each week to help others.

Several作形容词，意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数

e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.

【拓展】

Several作代词，意为“几个，数个”