学案三 句子成分

英语词性及句子成分

一.Lead-in Can you answer these questions correctly?

①The dish tastes _____, so it sells ______.

A. good; well

B. well; good

C. good; good

D. well; well

②---Is his advice of _____ help to you? ---Yes, it is ________ helpful to me .

A.great; greatly

B. greatly; great

C. great; great

D. greatly; greatly

③---Do you like _____here?

---Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.

A. this

B. these

C. /

D. it

二．Part of speech（词性）

Group work：

1.adj.&adv.

①He walked home__________. 他慢慢地步行回家了。

②He arrived home, _______ and ________. 他到家时又累又饿。

③_____________ , no one in the class could work out the problem. (令人惊奇的)

④It is _________ that no one in the class could work out the problem. (令人惊奇的)

2. vt. Vi. & Linking-verb

Vi:（不及物动词）happen, appear, apologize, rise,

常见的系动词(linking-verbs)有：

表示保持，持续的词：be remain（保持，依然）

表示变化的词： _

感官动词：

终止系动词：证明是，结果是

3.conj.

①If a book is in English, ______may mean slow progress for you.

A. but

B. and that

C. that

D. and it

②，so he didn’t come to school last week.

A. Though he was ill

B. Being ill

C. Having been ill

D. He was ill

③_______be sent to work as US ambassador to China?

A. Who do you think would

B. Who do you think that should

C. Do you think that who should

D. Do you think whom would

三．Members of a Sentence（句子成分）

主要成分：主语和谓语

次要成分：表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语、同位语.

指出下列句子的句法成分

I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday afternoon.

(一)主语（subject）是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，表示谓语所说的是“谁”或“什么”。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句担任。一般放于句首

划出下面句子的主语（用表示）

1. The sun rises in the east.

2. He likes dancing.

3. Seeing is believing.

4. What he needs is a book.

5. The poor are now living in the shelter.

6. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

7. Here comes the bus. 8. Tom together with his classmates is going to Beijing tomorrow.

(二) 谓语 ( predicate)说明主语的动作、状态和特征

简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成

I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans.

复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;

He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing.

划出下面句子的谓语（用表示）

1. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.

2. He can’t have finished his homework.

3. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school.

(三)表语（predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语，常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，

划出下面句子的表语（用表示）

1. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

2. The war was over.

3. His plan is to seek work in the city.

4. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.

(四)宾语（object）是动作的对象或承受者，一般用在及物动词或介词后面。通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词或从句担任。

划出下面句子的宾语（用表示）

1. They sent the injured to hospital.

2. I’m enjoying learning English.

3. They asked to see my passport.

4.. Did you write down what he said?

5. I am thinking about what you said.

6. I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

7. The heavy rain stopped me from coming to school on time.

注：直接宾语和间接宾语直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.

He gave me some books.= He gave some books to me

常见的接双宾语的动词有：ask, bring, give, offer, send, pass, pay, lend, tell, show, teach, buy, sell, call, name, promise,…

(五) 宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。划出下面句子的宾语补足语（用< >表示）

1. Let the dog out.

2.They painted the wall white.

3. We saw her entering the room.

4. We will soon make our city what your city is now.

5.We found everything in the room in good order.

6. We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.

(六)定语(attribute)修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由短语或句子表示时，通常则后置。定语可以由名词及所有格，形容词，副词，介词短语，to do 不定式，v-ing 形式来充当。

划出下面句子的定语（用（）表示）

1. His father works in a book store.

2. The book over there is not mine.

3. The girl in red is his sister.

4. The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.

5. The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.

6. Do you know the man who spoke just now?

7. Our school has two big teaching buildings.

(七) 状语(adverbial) 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或者句子。说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。常由副词，介词短语或句子来充当。