被动语态专题复习教案

被动语态

一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

例如：Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.

主语English是动词speak的承受者。

一、被动语态的构成

被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

被动语态的各种形式：

1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +done

eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.

eg：Football is played all over the world.

2）现在完成时：has /have been done

eg：This book has been translated into many foreign languages.

eg：The prices of many goods have been cut again .

3）现在进行时：am/is /are being done

eg：A road is being built around the mountain.

eg：Many new houses are being built in this city.

4）一般过去时：was/were done e

eg1：This house was built in 1958.

eg2：His leg was broken in an accident..

5）过去完成时：had been done

eg1：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.

eg2：When the anthem had been played the conference began.

6) 过去进行时：was/were being done

eg1：meeting was being held when I was there.

eg2：We were being trained this time last year.

7) 一般将来时：shall/will be done

eg1：More factories will be built in our city.

eg2：He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.

8) 将来完成时：shall/will have been done

eg1：The project will have been completed before July.

eg2：Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This bridge was built in 1981.这座桥建于1981年。

(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。

Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

He cut down a tree.

A tree was cut down by him. :

练习：把下列句子变成被动语态。

1.People speak English in many countries.

2.People plant trees in spring.

3. We built this bridge last year.

4.Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.

5.They are repairing the car in the garage.

6.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.

7.Has anybody fed the birds?

8.People will never forget the accident.

9.You may write this letter in pencil.

10 The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl.