有关英语语法中平行结构问题附有习题及答案

平行结构平行结构

一、连词连接两个对等的词和对等的结构

并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both …and, neither …nor, either …or, not only …but (also), rather than,as…as 等以及从属连词 than 可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。

1.所连接的谓语形式必须一致

例 1： He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.

例 2： Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in

warfare until two hundred years later.

2.所连接的词或短语形式必须一致

例 1： Your semester grade is basednot only on how well you do on each test,

but also on how you participate in class.

例 2： We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.

例 3： I would much rather go to the countryside than stay here.

3.连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致

例 1： Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.

例 2： He was engaged in writing a letter rather than reading the newspaper.

4.所连接的句子结构必须一致

例 1： She is pleased with what you have given and all that you have told him.

例 2： The purpose of the research had a more different meaning for them than

it did for us.

二、某些特定的固定结构。例如：

(1)有些词后要用平行结构。例如：

prefer sth to sth

prefer doing sth to doing sth

prefer to do sth rather than do sth

1) I prefer rice to noodles.

2)I prefer watching TV to listening to music.

3)He preferred to die rather than surrender.

(2)有些结构中要用平行结构。例如：

would / had rather / sooner do something than do something, would / had as

soon do something as do something (宁可..... 也不 )

1)Liu Hulan said she had rather die than give up.

2)I would as soon stay at home as go.

III部分强调句

要强调句子的某一部分，可以把句子的结构改变一下，通常有两种表示强调的句式:It is / was…that…结构和What…is / was…结构。

——、It is / was … that … 结构

1.1t is / was…that…结构可以用来强调句子中几乎任何部分

例 1： It was my mother that threw an egg at Mr. Li yesterday.

例 2： It was Mr. Li that my mother threw an egg at yesterday.

2.被强调的部分指人时，可用who或whom

强调主语时，如果指的是人，可以不用that而用who来代替。强调宾语时，如果指点的

是人，可用whom。例如：

1)It was the dean who walked by.

2)It was Mary whom the old lady missed most.

3被强调部分指物时，要用that

例如：It was an egg that my mother threw at Mr. Li yesterday.

4.被强调部分是状语时，也只能用that，不能用when或where.

例 1： It is during his spare time that John has been studying a course in French.

例 2： It was in the hall that the mayor held the press conference.

5.不能用It is / was…that结构强调动词

强调动词常用do,过去式用did。例如：

1)They did study very hard yesterday.

2)He does look forward to making the acquaintance of her.

What…is / was…结构

二、What…is / was…结构常用来强调主语或宾语，在这种结构中，is/ was后面是强调的部分。例如：

1)What hurts is my left leg.

2)What I like is her style.

Parallel Structure

平行结构纠错

相似的思想应用相似的形式表达出来。句子的成份相近，则也应以相似的形式出现。请

注意以下标有〃NO〃的句子是不规范的。

No: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.

Yes: The school bus skidded, turned sideways, and came to a stop.

(并列时态)

No: I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and a bore.

Yes: I don,t know why I married someone who is miserly, sloppy and boring.

(形容词平行结构)

No: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and elephant.

Yes: In the wreck the circus lost a panda and an elephant.

(不定冠词的平行结构)

No: I debated whether I should give the beggar money or to offer him food.

Yes: I debated whether to give the beggar money or to offer him food.