第三章翻译的基本技巧之 增译法

第三章翻译的基本技巧

增译法

(amplification)

•The dust, the uproar and the growing darkness threw everything into chaos.

•In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”.

原译：四月里，全世界听到―乒‖的一声；七月里，乒又―乓‖了。

改译：四月里，全世界听到中国―乒‖的一声把球打了出去；到了七月，美国―乓‖的一声把球打了回来。

•Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health.

原译：他们的主人又切又倒又服务又切面包；又说又笑又祝健康。

改译：热情的主人又是切肉，又是斟酒，又是上菜，又是切面包；说啊，笑啊，敬酒啊，忙个不停。

增译法

•当然，增译法并不意味着译者可以随心所欲地添枝加叶，而必须遵守一条基本原则，即增加那些在句法上、语义上或修辞上必不可少的词语，也就是增加原文字面虽未出现但却为其实际内容所包含的词语。下面分别介绍英汉翻译中运用增译法的两种主要类型。•Amplification means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.

Outline

•根据意义或修辞上的需要

•根据句法上的需要

Exercises

一、根据意义或修辞上的需要

1.1 增加动词

1.2 增加形容词

1.3 增加副词

1.4 增加名词

1.5 增加表示名词复数的词

1.6 增加表达时态的词

1.7 增加语气助词

1.8 增加量词

1.9 增加概括词

1.10 增加承上启下的词

1.1增加动词

•In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final

communiqué.

•晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。

•There were no s p e e c h e s, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and bouquets of flowers.

•没有发表讲话，没有各国外交官到场，也没有―普通中国人‖挥舞纸旗、花束的场面。

•Rostow was about to become, for lack of anyone or anything better, a very influential intellectual — the wrong man at the wrong place with the wrong idea.

•因为找不到比他更好的人，也没有更好的办法，于是，罗斯托就要成为一个很有影响的知识分子了，这真是在错误的地方任用错误的人去实行他的错误主张。

•They had been through it all at his side — the bruising battles, the humiliations of the defeat…through empty mid-1960s — until at last, in 1968, they were able to savor the sweet taste of triumph. •他们始终站在他的一边，经历过残酷的战争，忍受过失败的耻辱，熬过了一事无成的二十世纪六十年代中期，好不容易挨到一九六八年，他们才尝到了胜利的甜头。

1.2 增加形容词

•With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

•中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！

•The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke. •（敌人的）飞机在下面螺旋下降，拖着浓烟烈焰掉了下去。

•O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain)

•啊，汤姆·康迪，生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中，现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊！

1.3 增加副词

•The crowds melted away.

•人群渐渐散开了。

•As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. •他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。•Tremaine sank down with his face in his hands.

•屈里曼两手蒙住脸，一屁股坐了下去。

•In the films of those days, all too often it was the same one: boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver; they fall in love and drive tractors together.