就业歧视法律问题研究

就业歧视法律问题研究

摘要

宪法赋予的中国劳动者就业权是我国劳动者依法享有的基本人权，并先后制定了相关的法律、法规和宪法配套来为劳动者的这一项基本权利保驾护航。随着就业压力不断增加，就业歧视现象也花样翻新、愈演愈烈，成为构建和谐社会中的不和谐因素，不利于劳动力市场的资源配置，阻碍经济建设。

本文通过对就业歧视的基本含义、就业歧视的案例以及就业歧视背后的原因进行深入剖析，最后指出我国就业歧视的相关法律的漏洞和不完善的地方，并针对出现的问题和漏洞结合我国的立法现状提出自己的几点意见和建议。希望能对我国的劳动者就业权给与充分的保障，给劳动者创造实际的福利。

[关键词]就业歧视；救济机制；反就业歧视法

Study on the legal aspects of employment

discrimination

ABSTRACT

The right to work and employment is a basic human right guaranteed by the Constitution of China. How to implement the constitutional rights of citizens is a major responsibility of the relevant Employment Promotion Law, the Law on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Labor Law, and the Labor Contract Law. With the increase of employment pressure, the phenomenon of employment discrimination has also become a discordant factor in the construction of a harmonious society. It is contrary to the guiding ideology of social development in China, and is not conducive to the allocation of resources in the labor market and hinders economic construction.

Through the analysis of the concept, manifestation and cause of employment discrimination, this paper points out the deficiencies in the legal governance of employment discrimination in China, and puts forward the idea of improving the legal system of employment discrimination in China. This paper discusses the improvement measures from three aspects: legislation, law enforcement and judicial. It is necessary to formulate the "Anti-Employment Discrimination Law" in legislation, set up a special agency for anti-employment discrimination in law enforcement, and implement the litigation relief mechanism in justice.

[Keywords]employment discrimination;performance；Employment Discrimination Act

目录

一、就业歧视的界定 (1)

（一）就业歧视的概念 (1)

（二）就业歧视的危害 (1)

1.阻碍和谐社会的构建 (1)

2.拉大了贫富差距，引发社会动荡不安 (2)

3.阻碍经济发展，人力资源浪费 (2)

二、就业歧视的表现 (3)

（一）性别歧视 (3)

（二）健康歧视 (4)

1.对"乙肝病毒携带者"的歧视 (4)

2.对残疾人的歧视 (4)

（三）年龄歧视 (5)

（四）经历、学历歧视 (5)

三、导致就业歧视出现的原因 (6)

（一）劳动力市场供大于求 (6)

（二）用人单位用人自主权的滥用 (6)

（三）政府对反就业歧视的宣传教育不足 (7)

四、我国就业歧视立法现状及存在问题 (7)

（一）立法现状 (7)

1．宪法 (7)

2．《劳动法》 (8)

3．《就业促进法》 (8)

4．行政法规、部门规章、地方性规定 (8)

（二）存在问题 (9)

1.就业歧视界定过窄 (9)

2.缺乏司法救济途径 (9)

3.缺乏专门立法 (10)

4.有关就业歧视的法律法规缺乏可操作性 (10)

五、对于防范就业歧视的完善建议 (11)

（一）制定《反就业歧视法》 (11)

1.制定《反就业歧视法》的必要性 (11)

2.制定《反就业歧视法》的可行性 (11)

3.立法的目的与范围 (12)

4.反就业歧视的专门机构 (12)

5.法律责任 (13)

6.救济机制 (13)

（二）加大反就业歧视法的宣传教育 (13)

参考文献 (15)