三级语法考点总结

三级考试语法考点

一、时态和语态

1. 时态：共有16种时态，其中的特殊用法：（1）用一般现在时表示将来的动作：在由连词even if，unless，as soon as，if，when，in case，before，after，until，once，the moment，as long as等引出的状语从句中，谓语动词一般不用will或shall来表示将来的动作，仅用一般现在时。

e.g. She will come to see you the moment she ____ her work. (finish)

注:某些表示起始的动词，可用一般现在时表示按预定计划或时刻表在短时期内将发生的动作。这类动词有：be, go, come, leave, start, depart, arrive, return等。

e.g. The train ____ at five sharp. (leave)

(2) 现在完成时：连用的特殊状语和固定句型：

★状语词组：this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present, all this year, all one’s life等。

★副词：just, already, yet, ever, now, before,

often, lately, recently等。

★固定句型：

①This/ That/ It +is the first (or second, etc.) time + that/ when ... +现在完成时；

②This is the +最高级+名词+that+... + 现在完成时；

③This is the only+名词+that+... 现在完成时。

注：在这三种结构中若主句谓语是过去式，从句就用过去完成时。

e.g. It was the second time I ____ the film. (see)

(3) 过去完成时：所连用的状语和固定句型有：

★用在过去范围内的短语或句子：by (the time/ the end of) +表示过去时间的短语或句子；before, since, until, when( +句子)等加上表示过去时间的短语或句子。

e.g. By 1995 she _____ a famous writer. (become)

By the time I left the school, I ______ English for 5 years. (teach)

★固定句型：hardly (scarcely)+ 过去完成时+ when+过去式；no sooner+过去完成时+than+过去式。

（4）将来完成时：所连用的状语：by (the time/ the end of) +表示将来时间的短语或句子；before the end of +表示将来时间的短语或句子; when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子。

e.g. Perhaps I _____ reading the book by this time tomorrow. (finish)

（5）英语中将来时间的表示除will / shall +v. 形式外，还有：

☆be going to+ v. 表示不太明确的意图、打算。

☆be to + v. 表示正式的安排、指示、命令、禁止等。

e.g. You are to do your homework before you watch TV.

☆be about to + v. 表示不久的将来要发生的事情。

e.g. I feel that something terrible is about to happen.

1. By the end of this month, we surely ______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

A. have found

B. will be finding

C. will have found

D. are finding

2. Until then, ______ his family____ from him for six months.

A. didn’t... hear

B. hasn’t... been hearing

C. hasn’t... hear

D. hadn’t ...heard

3. It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.

A. have leaked

B. is leaking

C. leaked

D. has been leaking

4. He is one of the brightest student who ____ from our school.

A. graduates

B. graduated

C.have graduated

D. has graduated

5. No sooner ____ we ___ than we found it was time to go.

A. did... sit down

B. have... sat down

C. had... sat down

D. do... sit down

6. By the end of last month I ____ more than 50 films.

A. had seen

B. saw

C. was seeing

D. have seen

7. My train arrives in New York at 8 o'clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _____ by then.

A. would leave

B. will have left

C. has left

D. had left

8. We ____ nearly a thousand miles when we reach London.

A. travel

B. shall have traveled

C. have traveled

D. are traveling

2. 语态（主动和被动）

被动语态基本构成：be done

注：有的动词用主动语态表示被动意义：act, clean, cook, draw, iron, keep, read, sell,