初中英语非谓语动词之-V-ing-形式
中考英语复习之非谓语动词
ask / tell / want / invite / encourage advise / allow / help / expect ... + sb. to do sth.
Listen to the questions. If you get the answers, clap my hand as quickly as you can. Then you can get a chance to answer the questions.
1.He is so young that he can't go to school.
5分
enough to ____ go ____school. to He isn't old ____ ____ too to He is ______young _______ go to school. They are thinking of what they should do next. what____ to ____ do next. They are thinking of ____
不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词、代词 或不定代词something, nothing...后面。
同义句： 1.To read Chinese is necessary for you. It ____necessary___ is for ____ you to read Chinese. =___
感官动词和使役动词后的不定式在主动语 态中省略to，在被动语态中必须加上to。
省略to的固定情况
最好还是（不）做…… had better （ not） do... 请您做……？ Would you please do... 为什么不做…? Why not /Why don’t you do sth 宁愿做……而不愿.... prefer to do ....rather than do...
非谓语动词 ving
2．分词短语作状语时，前面可以加上连词或介词，但是 分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为 并列连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只是全句的 一个状语部分。分词和主句之间可用逗号。 Having been told many times，but he still couldn’t understand it. (×) Having been told many times，he still couldn’t understand it. (√) 已给他讲了许多遍，但他还是不理解它。
I didn't expect to see you here. 我没有料到在这里见到你。 在某些复合宾语中，用 it 作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后 面。 He considered it better to leave now. 他认为最好现在就离开。 I found it impossible to finish the work on time. 我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
2.动词-ing形式的作用： 观察下列例句，思考划线部分作用。 (1) This is an interesting book. 定语 (2) The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher. 定语 (3) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. 状语 (4) I saw the boy walking on the street yesterday. 宾补 (5) Playing football is his favotire sport. 主语 (6) I didn’t stop working last night. 宾语 (7) My work is teaching English. 表语
非谓语动词包括v-ing形式讲解
不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
He had no money and no place to live (in). 他没钱，也没有安居之所。
(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作
的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，
但其含义有所不同。试比较： Have you got anything to send？你有什么东西要寄吗？ (不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”) Have you got anything to be sent？
(2)不定式作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致。
To learn English well，he needs a good dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本好词典。(而不能说：To learn English well，a good dictionary is needed.)
(2009· 天津高考)
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the
Olympic Games. 她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女选手。
③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有： ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，
the project in time，the staff
were working at weekends. pleting C.To have completed 选 B.Having completed D.To complete
句意：为了使项目及时完工，全体员工周
末都在加班。不定式一般式作目的状语。故选D。
The book is difficult to understand.这本书难于理解。
V-ing的用法
V-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种，它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
一、V-ing形式作主语表示泛指意义的行为。
谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如：Saving money is a good habit.二、V-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后常跟V-ing形式作宾语，常见的有finish，practice，enjoy，suggest，keep，mind，advise等。
如：A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now.2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟V-ing形式，常见的有give up，look forward to，feel like，pay attention to，put off，succeed in，be / get used to，can‘t help，be interested in，be afraid of，be busy等。
如：He gave up smoking in the end.注意：1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同，常见的有remember to do sth. （记住去做某事），remember doing sth. （记得做过某事）；forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事），forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事）；stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事），stop doing sth （停止做某事）；try to do sth.（尽力做某事），try doing sth.（尝试做某事）等。
2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思无多大区别，常见的有love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue等。
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语通常表示动作正在进行，能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词（如see，watch，hear等）以及某些使役动词（如keep，get 等）。
V-ing 的非谓语动词用法
V-ing 的非谓语动词用法教师版(2011-01-06 11:46:07)转载标签：杂谈V-ing 在英语中可以看作是动名词和现在分词,它们都可以用作非谓语动词,在句中可以充当一定的句子成分。
现将其可以充当的句子成分列表对照如下:一、V-ing作动名词时具有名词的特征,因而在句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语,有时它可以有自己的逻辑主语,也可以有时态和语态形式。
如:1. 作主语、表语动名词作主语和表语表示泛指。
如:Tom's not having finished his homework made his teacher angry. 汤姆没有完成作业使老师很生气.(主语)Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工作是保持办公室清洁。
(表语)2. 作宾语动名词常跟在某些动词如enjoy, finish, mind, can't help(禁不住), suggest(建议), advise, consider(考虑), practise, admit, imagine等以及含介词的短语动词insist on, stop...from, look forward to, pay attention to等后面作宾语。
如:Do you mind my smoking here? 你介意我在这儿吸烟吗?3. 作定语动名词作定语时表示被修饰词的用途和作用。
如:Don't forget to take a shopping basket with you. 别忘了带上购物篮子。
二、V-ing作现在分词时,它主要在句中充当定语、表语、宾补、主补及状语。
如:1. 作定语现在分词作定语时表示该动作正在进行。
单个现在分词作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面.现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。
如:The rising sun looks very beautiful. 冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。
语法专题突破(九) v.ingd形式
what 引导的名词性从句。作表语的v.ing形式与主语
通常是对等的 aim is building socialism.
我们的目标是建设社会主义。
What I hate most is being laughed at.
我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom，reading a book.
玛丽坐在教室的窗户旁，正在读一本书。(伴随)
The fire lasted nearly a month，leaving nothing valuable. (结果) 大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。 注意] 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词
常用动词不定式。但要注意，如果like，love，
prefer 前有would/should后面则应接动词不定式。
I like swimming，but I don't like to swim this
afternoon.
我喜欢游泳，但今天下午我不想游泳。
3．v.ing形式作表语
(1)v.ing形式作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命事物的名 词或
2．v.ing作状语，可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随和结
果等。
Coming into the room，she saw everybody at their work.
进屋以后，她看到人人都在工作。(时间)
Being ill，he couldn't go to school.
因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因) Traveling by train，we visited a number of cities. 我们坐火车游览了许多城市。(方式)
非谓语动词-v-ing(动名词与现在分词)精品课件(自制)
• When he saw me, he stopped _________ (say) hello to me. to say • When he saw his mother, the crying (cry). baby stopped ______
• It was raining hard, but he went working (work) in the fields. on ________ • He went on _______ to do (do) another experiment.
(1) 介词后宾语 He is fond of watching football games. 注意： 在介词but/except （除了）一般后面不接v-ing. ▄He had nothing to do but wait. but前有实义动词do
▄He had no choice but to wait.
having been made
having gone
getting (get) • I am thinking of ________ a new dictionary. having promised • He forgot _______________ (promise) to write things for us. • The house showed no sign of _________________ having been damaged (damage).
表特征或性质
Travelling is interesting but tiring. Her favorite job is teaching English. 这是现在进行时态吗？为什么？ They are watering the flowers
非谓语动词动词ing形式
I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.
３.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
• They lived in a house facing south.
４.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果．
I saw the boy eating an apple.
5.她的工作是保持 房间干净
I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想买一本英汉词典。
提示 应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。 I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免说：I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语
非谓语动词动词ing形式
2020年4月23日星期四
1.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果. I saw the boy eating an apple. 2.在树下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐. The girl sitting under the tree is my sister. 3.学习对现代生活很重要 Learning is important to modern life
✓✓
✓
v-ing 形式
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3
2
5
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4
A 动词-ing形式作主语
1 动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。 百闻不如一见。
Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe. 2 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主 语放在句末。
争论这事是浪费时间。
The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。
非谓语动词知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) 4
Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？
作状语
不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。
To do a good job,we must h，同意，帮助(like, agree, help)
(4)希望，决定，开始(hope/wish, decide, begin/start)
【巧学妙记】
巧记后跟动名词作宾语的动词
喜欢(enjoy)不断(keep)提建议(suggest)
盼望(look forward to)习惯(be used to)却完毕(finish)
考向三：分词
（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成
现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。
（二）分词的用法
句子成分
用法
例句
作定语
现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。
The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。
通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。
I got home, feeling very tired.我疲惫地回到家里。
非谓语动词解题七大原则
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式。
原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing。
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式，其区别是，一般用-ing，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。不定式作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外。
No matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。
V-ing做主语
2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式 主语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作 表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。如： Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? It’s no good waiting here. Let’s go home. It was a waste of time reading that book.
Байду номын сангаас
动词-ing形式作主语
1. 动词-ing形式是在动词末尾加 -ing， 属于非谓语动词。如：do-doing, write-writing, sit-sitting, etc.
否定形式：not + v--ing
2. 动词-ing形式作主语或宾语时，也
可称为动名词。
动词-ing形式作主语 1. 动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的或泛 指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit.
V-ing作主语和宾语等等
他的爱好是收集邮票。
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1、作动词的宾语。
（常接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助 记忆：）
② -ing 分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也 相当于一个定语从句。如：
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁？
They lived in a house facing south. = They lived in a house that faces the street.
He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。
四、-ing分词作定语：
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如： reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如： I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
非谓语动词 V-ING用法小结附练习
动词的ing形式作表语，定语，宾补和状语一、动词-ing形式作表语1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)二、动词-ing形式作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、V-ing形式、V-ed形式三类。
它们没有人称和数的变化，但是有的有时态和语态形式变化，还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。
1、定义：在句中不充当谓语的动词称作非谓语动词。
2、形式：doing---动名词to do---不定式分词---现在分词doing 过去分词---done3、后跟doing型（偏执型）a) 动词+doing：例：enjoy, keep, be busy, finish, mind, can`t help, spend+时间+doing。
b) 介词+doing：例：after, before, feel like注意：“to”作为介词时后跟doing。
例：I go to school.“to”作为不定式时后跟do.例：I want to read the English books.常考短语：look forward to doing----期盼。
例：I look forward to receiving your letter.Be used to doing----习惯于。
例：I am used to walking my bear at 24.Prefer doing A to doing B----宁愿做…也不愿做...例：I prefer reading English books to watching TV.c) 后跟doing表被动在need, want, require, be worth后加doing表示被动例:My bag needs mending.4、后跟to do 型（偏执型）a) 动词+to do 例：I ask you to go swimming with a shark.记忆口诀：要想拒绝命令，决定告诉教警。
Ask, want, refuse, order, decide, tell, teach, warn注意：否定形式在to do 前加notb) 特殊疑问词+to do=从句注意why后加裸不定式，省略to例：I don`t know whether to buy it.c) 后跟裸不定式省略to记忆口诀：一感，二听，三使，四看(snow)，半帮助Feel, listen to/hear, make/let/have, see/notice/observe/watch, help使用规则：1) 这些动词后跟to do时，省略to.例：No one can make my cry.2) 其中一感，二听，四看，半帮助动词，后也可加do/doing.例：I see him steal / stealing.3) 当这些词用于被动时，后跟to do(被动语态恢复to) 例：He was made to cry.语法重点：无头鬼句型一北京的一个年轻人厌倦了睡在地板上。
Ving形式
=need/ want/ require/ deserve to be done
eg) The bike needs repairing.= The bike needs to be repaired.
do next.
2)I won’t have you running about in the room.
六、V-ing形式作状语
V-ing 形式在句中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、 结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句 中主语一致。当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前 时，则用现在分词的完成式(having done/having been done) ，当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生，则用现在分词的一 般式(doing)。 1)She sat there reading a novel. 2)Having lived in Beijing for many years, Carter knew the city well. 3)Having been told many times, he still did not know how to do it.
2)I felt my heart beating violently. 注意see sb do sth和see sb doing sth 的区别。 2.v-ing 形式也可用在have, get, leave, keep, set, catch 等表示“致使”的动词后作宾语补足语。
1)They should not leave us wondering what they will
的宾语 1.V-ing形式作及物动词的宾语
非谓语动词之V-ing
非谓语动词之V-ing什么叫非谓语动词：在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
一、非谓语动词分为三种形式：to do(不定式)、doing（动词的ing形式）和done（动词的过分）如：1. doing (V-ing）I can’t help laughing when he tells us jokes.2. to do（动词不定式）My mother encourages me to try this speech.3. done（过去分词）The book written by Han Han sells well.二、性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即除谓语以外一切成分。
现在分词（doing）一、现在分词的形式，如下列例句：1. Would you mind keeping your voice down, please?2. Mr. Tang hates being forced to get married.3. Not having made full preparations, Mr. Tang decided to be a runaway groom.4. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.三、现在各种形式用法举例1）动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。
Swimming is her favorite sport.Learning is important to modern life.2）doing 和being done 表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作，doing与主语之间是主动关系，而being done 与主语之间是被动关系。
They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.The question being discussed is very important.3）having done 和having been done 表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生在谓语动词之前，having done 和主语之间是主动，having been done 和主语之间是被动。
非谓语动词系列之V-ing
非谓语动词二．v-ing1.作主语：Smoking is forbidden here．这里禁止抽烟。
Seeing is believing.Talking is easier than doing.___________________(爬山) is interesting．爬山很有趣。
Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
____________ (散步)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.散步是一种老幼皆宜的锻炼形式。
Once your business becomes international,________________(经常飞) will be part of your life. 一旦你的生意走向国际市场，经常飞就成了你生活的一部分。
__________________________(用英语写文章) is not an easy job. （文章essay）用英语写文章不是一件容易的工作。
注意：–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置It is nice seeing you again．真高兴又遇到了你。
It is good playing chess after supper．晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is expensive running this car．开这种小车是浪费。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again.It’s no use waiting here.固定句型：It is + no use/no good +doing sth.It is useless doing…..It is no use crying.哭没有用It is no good writing to them again.It is useless speaking.光说没用。
非谓语动词V-ing和v-ed
非谓语动词（一）V-ing和V-ed英语中, 非谓语动词包括v-ing,v-ed和不定式(to do)三种形式。
其中，V-ing形式又分为动名词和现在分词。
它们在句中的作用如下表：主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式(to do) √√√√√√动名词(v-ing) √√√√××现在分词(v-ing) ××√√√√过去分词(v-ed) ××√√√√（一）动名词动名词的各种形式：动名词主动形式被动形式一般式(not) doing ( not) being done 完成式（只用于做宾语）(not) having done (not) having been doneI、动名词作主语动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词用单数。
1._________(smoke) is harmful to our health.2._______(keep) a balanced diet and______(take) regular exercise are beneficial to ourhealth.3. ______________ (bring) up in that environment has had a big effect on him.4. _______unable to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academicresearch.5. _____________(expose) too much to the sunlight will do harm to your skin.6. ______________(admit) to a key university is a proud thing to a family.7. _____________(master) a foreign language needs hard work.注意：动名词作主语时，可以用it作形式主语。
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3. V-ing形式作宾语补足语
表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作。
① 感 官 动 词 see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel, smell等词+ 宾语 + doing sth 作宾补,如： I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car. I felt my heart beating violently.
②. 使役动词have, get, leave, keep, set, 以及catch(撞见) ，find(发现)+宾 语+ doing sth 作宾补 We kept the fire burning all night long. Last night the shopkeeper caught a child stealing some food. When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
二. V-ing形式的逻辑主语 如果动词-ing需要自己的逻辑主语时， 一般用形容词性物主代词、宾格或名词 所有格。
His father’s falling ill worried him greatly. Do you mind my / me leaving ? His not coming made all of us angry.
playing
高考改错真题：
•My favorite picture at the party is of my
coach and me enjoy _th_e biscuits with
happy laughter! enjoying 2. We can choose between staying at home and ta_k__e_ a trip.
• The boy was lucky enough to escape be_i_n_g_p_u_n_i_s_h_e_d__ (punish) • It’s no use __t_ry_in_g___(try ) to make
me believe you. • The girl _s_i_tt_in_g___(sit) under that tree
2. V-ing形式作宾语 ①作动词或动词短语的宾语。如： I suggest doing it in a different way. Do you feel like taking a walk?
常用V-ing形式作宾语的动词或动词短 语还有： avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, appreciate, can’t help, insist on, carry on等。
Who is the man standing by the door? The houses being built are for the teachers.
6. V-ing形式作状语
修饰谓语动词或整个句子，相当于状语 从句，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条 件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①时间状语 有时可由连词when, while引出。如： While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.
否定式： not +V-ing
Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.
1．一般式： V-ing的一般式表示的动作和谓语动词 的动作同时进行。
主动：doing They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 被动：being done The question being discussed is very important. He likes being taken to the zoo.
5. V-ing形式作定语 ①单个的V-ing作定语一般放在被修饰 词的前面。表名词的作用、功能，或正 在进行的动作。如：
a reading room a swimming pool a waiting car a sleeping child 有些作定语的V-ing形式已转化为形容 词
an exciting film a boring speech ②V-ing短语作定语应放在被修饰词的 后面，表示动作正在发生, 如：
二.动词-ing的语法功能： 作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表 语、定语及状语
三.动词ing 形式表示的意义: 主动，进行
Thank you!
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②原因状语 Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him. Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.
③结果状语 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.
② 作介词的宾语，如： I'm against inviting him to dinner. You should study insead of watching TV.
下列短语中to 为介词，后面接V-ing形 式作宾语： look forward to, object to, devote…to, be/get used to, contribute to, get down to, lead to , turn to , stick to ， pay attention to 等。
◆动词-ing是非谓语形式中的一 种，能在句中做除谓语之外的任 何其他句子成分。 ◆在语态上，动词-ing表示主动 的动作。 在时间上, 动词-ing一般表示正在 进行的动作。
一.动词ing 的基本形式
一般式 完成式
主动 doing having done
被动 being done
having been done
为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语， 而把真正的主语放在句末,常用句型有： It is no use / useless crying over spilt milk. It is a waste of time arguing about it. It is no good talking to him. It is worth making an effort.
is my sister.
6. L__o_s_in_g_(lose) her new bicycle made Mary so upset. 7. N__o_t_h_a_v_i_n_g_r_e_c_e_i_v_e_d(receive) a reply, he decided to write again. 8. I smell something __b_u__rn_i_n(gburn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? 9. We don’t allow __________ (smoke), so you must go to the smsomkionkginrogom. 10. The missing boy was last seen _______(play) near the river.
2．完成式： V-ing的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语 动词的动作之前。 主动：having done I’m sorry for having kept you waiting so long. Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 被动：having been done Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
三. V-ing形式的语法作用 V-ing 形 式 一 方 面 具 有 动 词 的 性 质 ， 另一方面也相当于一个名词，形容词 或副词。
作主语 作宾语 作宾语补足语 作表语 作定语 作状语
1. V-ing形式作主语 Playing football is my favourite sport. Saying is easier than doing.
④伴随状语 They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky. Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.