双电源自动转换控制器外文翻译
双电源自动切换控制器说明书(CN B44 2011[1].06.13)
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NA1系列双电源自动切换控制器概述产品型号及含义正常工作条件和安装条件性能特点断路器型号、规格Page 01 Page 02 Page 02主要技术参数故障切换过程外形及安装尺寸工作原理安装与调试二次接线图订货须知Page 02 Page 02 Page 04Page 12Page 12Page 15Page 19 Page 01 Page 01目录1 概述NA1系列自动电源转换开关（简称NA1）主要由两台NA1系列万能式断路器、机械连锁及双电源转换控制器等组成，适用于频率50Hz，额定工作电压400V的两路三相四线制电网中。
如高层建筑、医院、商场、银行、消防、化工、冶金等不允许断电的一类负荷，部分二类负荷完成双回路供电系统的电源自动转换，从而保证重要用户供电的可靠性。
本系列产品符合GB14048.2和GB/T 14048.11标准。
2 产品型号及含义N A 1 - □双电源控制器功能代号：R－电网转电网，自投自复型S－电网转电网，自投不自复型（试制中，暂不供货）F－电网转发电，自投自复型企业设计序号企业万能式断路器代号企业特征代号3 正常工作条件和安装条件3.1 周围空气温度：上限值不超过＋40℃；下限值不低于－5℃；24h内的平均值不超过+35°环境温度低于-5℃时，订货时需要特殊注明。
环境温度超过+40℃时，需按照NA1万能式断路器使用说明书第3页2.3条款要求进行降容使用。
3.2 极限大气条件按照NA1万能式断路器使用说明书第1页1.3c条款要求。
3.3 安装地点：安装地点的海拔高度不超过2000m。
安装地点海拔高度超过2000m时，需按照NA1万能式断路器使用说明书第3页2.3条款要求进行降容使用。
3.4 污染等级为3级。
3.5 安装类别为IV类。
3.6 主回路的使用类别为AC－33B，电动机负载或混合负载。
3.7 安装条件：双电源系统的两台NA1万能式断路器在相邻的两个配电柜中进行水平安装，两台断路器 左侧板之间的最大距离不超过1.5m，两台断路器之间安装钢缆连锁进行连锁。
HAT300双电源自动切换控制器
HAT300双电源自动切换控制器使用说明书一、概述HAT300双路电源自动切换控制器可精确地检测并显示两路三相电压，对出现的电压异常做出准确的判断并输出无源控制开关量。
该控制器充分考虑了在多种ATS上的应用，可广泛应用于电力、邮电、石油、煤炭、冶金、铁道、市政、智能大厦等行业、部门的电气装置。
二、性能和特点★HAT300适合多种类型的开关：1、适合有两个分断位的切换开关，如两个电动开关或两个空气开关组成的双电源切换系统；2、适合没有中间位的切换开关(两段式)，如溯高美VS型开关、高田开关等；3、适合有一个中间位的切换开关(三段式)，如溯高美VE型开关开关等；★适用于两路市电、两路发电或一路市电一路发电自动切换；★以微处理器为核心，LED显示，轻触按钮操作；★精确采集并显示两路三相电压；★具有ATS工作电源切换电路；★供电方式可设定为一路优先、二路优先或无优先；★带有发电机组起动功能；★当其中一路开关合闸失败时，若另一路电压正常，则自动切换到另一路；★设有自动／手动状态切换，在手动方式下，可强制开关合分闸；★设有口令，防止非专业人员误操作；★设有开关重合闸功能，以防止具有欠压脱扣的开关瞬时断电；★设有断电再扣功能，以解决转换操作机构和开关位置不一致时不能正常合闸／分闸的问题；★合闸／分闸输出均为脉冲(最长10秒)输出，在开关切换完成后，输出自动切断；★设有开关切换延时(即中间位停留时间)，延时时间可设定；★两路N线分离设计；★具有工业标准RS-232C(可选)通讯接口，应用ModBus通讯规约，实现双电源切换的“遥控、遥测、遥信”功能；★允许用户在现场或监控中心对其参数进行设定，在系统掉电时也不会丢失；★控制器可用直流供电(9～35V)或取自一二路A、N相电压；★模块化结构设计，阻燃ABS塑料外壳，嵌入式安装方式，插拔式接线端子，安装维护十分方便。
三、主要技术指标1.电源：直流输入：9－35V（需要发电机组起动信号时接入）交流输入：取自一二路A、N相电压，只要其中一路有电，即可工作，单相电压＞160V。
毕业设计论文 外文文献翻译 基于PLC双电源开关设计外文翻译 中英文对照
毕业设计论文外文文献翻译基于PLC双电源开关设计外文翻译中英文对照英文题目 Based on PLC dual power switch design 中文题目基于PLC双电源开关设计系 (院) 自动化系专业电气自动化技术滨州学院专科毕业设计(外文翻译)Intelligent double power1 Intelligent dual power supply switching technologyIn this paper, the double load - dual power automatic switching of PLC control, PLC control program to replace relay logic control circuits, it has the three-phase power supply phase detection and protection switching function, power returned to normal after the automatic reverse switch, when a fault and restore normal respectively sends out two difference clear alarm and prompt sound. Double load - dual power automatic switching control of PLC, the open-phase protection mainly adopts the technical proposal that : setting the three-phase open-phase detection signal circuit, the three-phase open-phase detection signal circuit directly from the main circuit of three-phase power supply, namely the intermediate relay KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6, respectively connected to power supply main loop U1 and U2 A, B and C single phase circuit, KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6 normally open contacts respectively as PLCinput signal, namely as the preparation of PLC U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions. With short phase protection double load - dual power automatic switching control, not only has the open-phase protection, but also has a short circuit and overload protection, under-voltage protection function; automatic phase lack detection, three-phase current display, a road power supply circuit can automatically switch to another power source to load power supply, light and sound alarm; in the power supply return to normal after automatic reverse switch; in the event of a failure and return to normal when respectively sends out two difference obvious alarm and prompt sound effects. It overcomes the shortcomings of low double power supply switching control system without phase protection, can automatically reverse switch, as well as fault and return to normal when using asingle audio prompts defects. The control system has perfect function, reliable performance, simple circuit structure, low manufacturing cost etc...2 Intelligent dual power supplies switching main circuit controlWith short phase protection double load - dual power automatic switching control circuit. It includes a main circuit and three-phase short signal detecting sampling circuit. The main circuit of the input power supply power supply U1 and U2, its output has two2滨州学院专科毕业设计(外文翻译)loads W1 and W2. Power main circuit of AC contactor U1 through KM1 main contacts and a load of W1 connected; power supply U2 main circuit through the AC contactor KM2 main contacts and a load of W2 connected; under the control of a control circuit, a power failure occurs, the AC contactor lost the first electrically disconnected, so that the load of detachment faults power supply circuit, the AC contactor KM3 main contact closing conduction contact loop, will be connected to the fault loop load switch automatically to another normal power supply continues to supply. Power supply U1 and U2 main circuit input end of the automatic switch in QF1 and QF2 is the primary role of overload protection and short-circuit protection; two phase power supply main loop in each phase are current meter to indicate the phase current status, with the control circuit of phase lack detection. The three-phase open-phase detection signal sampling circuit, the phase detection signal directly from the main circuit of three-phase power supply, namely the intermediate relay KA1 ~ KA3KA4 ~ KA6 are respectively connected to the power supply main loop U1 and U2 A, B phase and C phase of the single-phase circuit, KA1 ~ KA3 and KA4 ~ KA6 normally open contact as U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal. Considering the PLC relay output point load capacity, through the contactor KM01 ~ KM03 to drive high current contactor KM1 ~ KM3.For three-phase power U1 A, B phase and C phase lack detection, the use of an intermediate relay KA1, KA2 and KA3, respectively connected topower the U1 main circuit A, B phase and C phase and zero line N constitute a single-phase circuit, the formation of A1, B1 and C1 phase detection circuit. The normally open contact of KA1 ~ KA3 as U1 three-phase.Phase lack detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal, used in the preparation of PLC U1 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions; similarly, the three-phase power supply U2 A, B phase and C phase lack detection, but also the use of an intermediate relay KA4, KA5 and KA6, respectively connected to power the U2 main circuit A2, B2 phase and C2 phase and zero line N constitute a single-phase circuit, the formation of A2, B2 and C2 three-phase open-phase detection circuit. KA4 ~ KA6 normally open contacts respectively as U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal, used in the3滨州学院专科毕业设计(外文翻译)preparation of PLC U2 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions.3 With PLC intelligent dual power controlThe three-phase open-phase detection signal sampling circuit, as U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signals of KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6, the normally open contacts respectively for the input of the PLC X0-X2, X3-X5. In the PLC ladder diagram program, auxiliary relay R1 as the three-phase power supply of U1 three-phase open-phasedetection, which is normally open input conditions for X0, X1 and X2" and" logic; similarly, internal intermediate relay R2 as the three-phase power supply of U2 three-phase open-phase detection, it’s on conditions for the normally open input X3, X4 and X5" and" logic.In automatic switching control process, PLC ladder diagram procedure of auxiliary relay R1 and R2 respectively controlled AC contactor KM1 ( Y0 ) and KM2 ( Y1 ) coil and electric state, directly reflects two three-phase power supply U1 and U2 respectively the total phase condition, namely, either U1 or U2 three-phase power supply phase, KM1 ( Y0 ) or KM2 ( Y1 ) will immediately loses electricity, the normally closed contact of the alternating current contactor closed KM3 ( Y2 ) control coil gets electricity to attract, through the KM3 main contacts closed conduction contact loop, will be connected to the fault circuit load W1 or W2 automatically switches to a normal power supply U2 or U1 to power supply, so as to realize open-phase protection automatic switching. In automatic switching control process, auxiliary relay R1 and R2 main function is: when troubleshooting, three-phase power U1 orU2 recover the normal power supply, R1 (or R2) have electricity, the normally closed contact action, R3 reset, cut KM3 (Y2), then KM1 (Y0) or KM1 (Y1) complex have electricity, thereby automatically reverse switching back to the power supply to load W1 U1, U2 W2 power supply to load the normal power supply state.The control circuit adopts electric whistle (or buzzer) as an alarm sound (at) the same time with the red signal (at the same time with thered signal lamp), and returned to normal when the bell HA as prompt sound. Can produce two distinct alarms and prompt sound effects.4滨州学院专科毕业设计(外文翻译)智能双电源1 智能双电源切换的技术方案本文所述的双负载—双电源自动切换的PLC控制,用PLC控制程序取代继电器逻辑控制电路,其具有对三相供电电源的缺相检测及保护切换功能,在电源恢复正常后能自动进行反切换,当发生故障和恢复正常时能分别发出两种区别明显的报警和提双负载—双电源自动切换的PLC控制,其缺相保护主要采取的技术方案是:示音响。
双电源自动切换装置工作原理
双电源自动切换装置工作原理The working principle of a dual-power automatic switching device is to ensure continuous and stable power supply by automatically switching between two power sources. 双电源自动切换装置的工作原理是通过自动在两种电源之间切换，以确保持续和稳定的电力供应。
This device is commonly used in critical systems where power disruptions are not acceptable, such as hospitals, data centers, and industrial facilities. 这种装置通常用于对电力中断要求苛刻的系统，比如医院、数据中心和工业设施。
One of the key components in the dual-power automatic switching device is the automatic transfer switch (ATS), which detects power failure and automatically transfers the load to the alternate power source. 双电源自动切换装置的关键组成部分之一是自动转换开关（ATS），它能够检测电力故障并自动将负载切换到备用电源。
When the primary power source fails, the ATS disconnects the load from the failed source and connects it to the alternate source,ensuring uninterrupted power supply. 当主电源发生故障时，ATS会将负载从故障源断开，并连接到备用源，以确保持续的电力供应。
ATSE双电源自动转换开关
ATSE的定义1.1转换开关电器（转换开关）Transfer Switching Device(Transfer Switch)将一个或几个负载电路从一个电源转换至另一个电源的电器。
1.2自动转换开关电器(ATSE)Automatic Transfer Switching Equipment(ATS E)由一个（或几个）转换开关电器和其它必需的电器组成，用于监测电源电路、并将一个或几个负载电路从一个电源自动转换至另一个电源的电器。
电气行业中简称为“双电源自动转换开关”或“双电源开关”2.ATSE的分类ATSE可分为两个级别：PC级和CB级。
PC级ATSE：只完成双电源自动转换的功能，不具备短路电流分断（仅能接通、承载）的功能；CB级ATSE：既完成双电源自动转换的功能，又具有短路电流保护（能接通并分断）的功能。
ATSE的发展历程电源切换系统类产品发展大体经历了三类：接触器类、塑壳断路器类/负荷隔离开关类、一体式自动转换开关电器类。
接触器类此类电源切换系统以接触器为切换执行部件，切换功能用中间继电器或逻辑控制模块组成二次回路完成控制功能，一般为非标产品，缺点是主回路接触器工作需要二次回路长期通电，容易产生温升发热、触点粘结、线圈烧毁等故障。
因为是非标产品，其组成元器件较多，产品质量受元器件、制造工艺制约，故障率较高，现已逐渐被新产品代替。
塑壳断路器类此类电源切换系统以塑壳式断路器为切换执行部件，切换功能用ATS自动控制单元完成，有机械和电气连锁，功能完善，操作性能好，使用寿命高，组成元器件较少，安装方便。
该类属CB级转换开关电器，由两个断路器作为电流分断单元，并配备电流脱扣器，具备一定的保护能力，断路器的接通/分断能力比继电器高很多。
该类产品稳态时由机械结构进行保持，由于断路器同负荷隔离开关本身的区别，在过电流状况下的应用效果不如PC级产品。
负荷隔离开关类负荷隔离开关型转换开关电器是在两个负荷隔离开关的基础上加装电动操作机构、机械连锁机构、自动控制单元等一体化组装而成。
Automatic Transfer Switches双电源自动切换开关
Automatic Transfer SwitchesAbstract: automatic Transfer Switches are an integral part of the power generation process, allowing smooth and immediate transfer of electrical current between multiple sources and the load. When the generator is operating, t he transfer switch prevents dangerous feedback of current to the utility’s system. It also ensures that different power sources are fully synchronized before their power is combined or loads are transferred, which is imperative for safe operation.Key word：Transfer；Switches；Generator；loadThe transfer switch senses when utility power is interrupted, and starts up the generator if the utility power remains absent. In about five to ten seconds, when the generator is producing full power, the transfer switch disconnects the load from the utility and connects it to the generator, restoring electricity to the load. The transfer switch continues to monitor utility power, and when it is restored, switches the load from the generator back to the utility. Once the generator is disconnected, it goes through a cool-down routine and is automatically shut down.Generac manufactures several types of transfer switches. Each kind operates in a different way, depending upon the requirements of the overall system, and how the load is transferred between the different power sources. Transfer switch types include open transition, momentary closed transition, soft load closed transition, and bypass isolation.Generacs automatic transfer switches are designed to be simple to monitor, operate and maintain. All controls needed for daily use are conveniently located on the front door, where bright lamps indicate the switch position. All components are front adjustable and front removable for optimum serviceability. As an extra measure of safety and quality, Generacs transfer switches are UL Listed by Underwriters Laboratories for use in emergency power systems. They are also CSA certified by the Canadian Standards Association. Generacs expertise in the design and manufacture of automatic transfer switches (ATS) is considerable. The company has produced its own fully instrumented 100 to 2600 amp switches since 1983.1.Open transition transfer switches are the simplest kind, and are mechanically interlocked. They disconnect the load from one power source before making the connection to the other.Generacs closed transition transfer switches (CTTS) eliminate momentary power interruption when both sources are present and synchronized, by transferring the loads with an overlapping contact arrangement. The momentary closed transition switch transfers the power within one hundred milliseconds, which does not require utility protective relaying.The soft load closed transition switch extends the overlap time to multiple seconds, for a smoother transition of load to the generator. These switches are available in 100 to 2600 amp configurations.There are many critical systems where interruption of power is not permitted, such as data transmission and hospital care. For those requirements, Generac offers its bypass isolation switch (BIS), which is designed to meet the National Electrical Codes requirements for the inspection and/or maintenance of the automatic transfer switch without the need to interrupt or cut power. Generac transfer switches are carefully constructed and tested to assure superior performance. By combining them with Generacs own generators, Generac is able to offer a complete power generation package。
众智smartgen双电源控制器HAT72产品说明书
HA T72市电/发电自动切换控制模块用户手册郑州众智电子设备有限公司是本公司的英文商标是本公司的中文商标不经过本公司的允许，此说明书的任何部分不能被复制(包括图片及图标)。
本公司保留更改此说明书内容的权利，而不通知用户。
公司地址：河南省郑州市高新技术产业开发区金梭路28号电话：+86-(0)371-67992951+86-(0)371-67992952+86-(0)371-67991572+86-(0)371-67991553网址：http://www.smartg /http://www.smartg en. cn/邮箱：sales@smartg HAT72为一市电/发电自动切换控制模块，该模块以微处理器为核心,可精确检测两路单相电压，对出现的电压异常（失电、过压、欠压、过频、欠频）做出准确的判断，经延时后控制A TS切换。
控制器具有市电异常延时后发出起动发电机组信号功能。
●性能及特点◆适应于一路市电一路发电A TS控制◆供电电源范围宽(8－35)VDC，能适应不同的发电机组起动电池电压环境◆市电或发电电压正常延时可设置，发电机组开机延时可设置◆市电电压异常延时可设置，发电机组停机延时可设置◆面板LED显示各种运行及报警状态◆切换继电器（CLOSE MAINS、CLOSE GENS）的输出触点容量为16A250VAC，均为无源触点，可直接用于驱动开关转换◆发电机组开机继电器（GNES START）的输出触点容量为5A 250VAC，为无源触点◆合闸输出可设定为持续合闸或脉冲合闸，当设为脉冲合闸时，合闸延时可设定◆提供PC机编程口，ATS工作所需各种延时、电量阈值均可通过PC机设置◆内建永不死机的看门狗，确保程序执行顺畅◆模块化结构设计，阻燃ABS塑料外壳，嵌入式安装方式，结构紧凑，体积小，超前单片机控制，性能稳定，操作方便。
施耐德双电源课件
附件及扩展功能
X-消防联动功能
可由外部信号使ATS处于双分状态 DC24V/AC220V 恒压/脉冲信号
F-位置反馈信号
主备开关状态反馈 OF/SD* 两种状态
B型面板式控制器
控制电压可选AC220/380V
标准连接电缆长度为2.0m
I-电流模块（仅D型可选）
用于电流显示、功率显示、过电流报警
全新升级D型控制器
D型控制器－智能型
转换条件：失压、断相、欠压、过压
LCD中文液晶显示、发电机控制功能、MODBUS通讯、 电流/电能监测
智能控制
工作方式现场灵活设定
自投自复 自投不自复 互为备用
极致的保护
执行断路器手柄折断时ATSE不转换 执行断路器触头粘接时ATSE不转换 负载侧有短路、过载时ATSE不转换 错接中性线报警、判定故障状态
双电源动作等级说明
目前在施耐德双电源动作等级主要分为：CB级和PC级；
CB级：配备过电流脱扣器的ATSE，它的主触头能够接通并用于分断短路 电流。WATSN系列系列自动转换开关若选择具有过电流脱扣器的断路器 作为执行器则属于CB级自动转换开关。具备选择性的保护功能，能对下 端的负荷和电缆提供短路和过载保护；其接通和分断能力远大于使用接 触器和继电器等其他元器件。
实例：WATSN
WATSN—既有CB级，也有PC级；
动作断路器额定电流范围：1-1600A；
产品组成部分：操作单元/机械连锁单元、 执行断路器、控制器、接线端子、控制线、 其它附件；
实例 WATSN--面价表说明：
实例 WATSN--面价表说明：
实例 WATSN--面价表说明：
实例 WATSN--面价表说明（特殊开关）：
基于PLC双电源开关设计外文翻译
毕业设计（外文翻译）英文题目Based on PLC dual power switch design中文题目基于PLC双电源开关设计系（院）自动化系专业电气自动化技术学生姓名曹成帅李广斌孙凤宝学号20009022384，2009022410，2009022427,2009022390指导教师张宝国职称副教授年月日Intelligent double power1 Intelligent dual power supply switching technologyIn this paper, the double load - dual power automatic switching of PLC control, PLC control program to replace relay logic control circuits, it has the three-phase power supply phase detection and protection switching function, power returned to normal after the automatic reverse switch, when a fault and restore normal respectively sends out two difference clear alarm and prompt sound. Double load - dual power automatic switching control of PLC, the open-phase protection mainly adopts the technical proposal that : setting the three-phase open-phase detection signal circuit, the three-phase open-phase detection signal circuit directly from the main circuit of three-phase power supply, namely the intermediate relay KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6, respectively connected to power supply main loop U1 and U2 A, B and C single phase circuit, KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6 normally open contacts respectively as PLC input signal, namely as the preparation of PLC U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions. With short phase protection double load - dual power automatic switching control, not only has the open-phase protection, but also has a short circuit and overload protection, under-voltage protection function; automatic phase lack detection, three-phase current display, a road power supply circuit can automatically switch to another power source to load power supply, light and sound alarm; in the power supply return to normal after automatic reverse switch; in the event of a failure and return to normal when respectively sends out two difference obvious alarm and prompt sound effects. It overcomes the shortcomings of low double power supply switching control system without phase protection, can automatically reverse switch, as well as fault and return to normal when using a single audio prompts defects. The control system has perfect function, reliable performance, simple circuit structure, low manufacturing cost etc...2 Intelligent dual power supplies switching main circuit controlWith short phase protection double load - dual power automatic switching control circuit. It includes a main circuit and three-phase short signal detecting sampling circuit. The main circuit of the input power supply power supply U1 and U2, its output has two2loads W1 and W2. Power main circuit of AC contactor U1 through KM1 main contacts and a load of W1 connected; power supply U2 main circuit through the AC contactor KM2 main contacts and a load of W2 connected; under the control of a control circuit, a power failure occurs, the AC contactor lost the first electrically disconnected, so that the load of detachment faults power supply circuit, the AC contactor KM3 main contact closing conduction contact loop, will be connected to the fault loop load switch automatically to another normal power supply continues to supply. Power supply U1 and U2 main circuit input end of the automatic switch in QF1 and QF2 is the primary role of overload protection and short-circuit protection; two phase power supply main loop in each phase are current meter to indicate the phase current status, with the control circuit of phase lack detection. The three-phase open-phase detection signal sampling circuit, the phase detection signal directly from the main circuit of three-phase power supply, namely the intermediate relay KA1 ~ KA3KA4 ~ KA6 are respectively connected to the power supply main loop U1 and U2 A, B phase and C phase of the single-phase circuit, KA1 ~ KA3 and KA4 ~ KA6 normally open contact as U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal. Considering the PLC relay output point load capacity, through the contactor KM01 ~ KM03 to drive high current contactor KM1 ~ KM3.For three-phase power U1 A, B phase and C phase lack detection, the use of an intermediate relay KA1, KA2 and KA3, respectively connected to power the U1 main circuit A, B phase and C phase and zero line N constitute a single-phase circuit, the formation of A1, B1 and C1 phase detection circuit. The normally open contact of KA1 ~ KA3 as U1 three-phase.Phase lack detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal, used in the preparation of PLC U1 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions; similarly, the three-phase power supply U2 A, B phase and C phase lack detection, but also the use of an intermediate relay KA4, KA5 and KA6, respectively connected to power the U2 main circuit A2, B2 phase and C2 phase and zero line N constitute a single-phase circuit, the formation of A2, B2 and C2 three-phase open-phase detection circuit. KA4 ~ KA6 normally open contacts respectively as U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signal, to the PLC input terminal, used in the3preparation of PLC U2 three-phase open-phase detection logic control program input conditions.3 With PLC intelligent dual power controlThe three-phase open-phase detection signal sampling circuit, as U1 and U2 three-phase open-phase detection switch sampling signals of KA1-KA3 and KA4-KA6, the normally open contacts respectively for the input of the PLC X0-X2, X3-X5. In the PLC ladder diagram program, auxiliary relay R1 as the three-phase power supply of U1 three-phase open-phase detection, which is normally open input conditions for X0, X1 and X2" and" logic; similarly, internal intermediate relay R2 as the three-phase power supply of U2 three-phase open-phase detection, it’s on conditions for the normally open input X3, X4 and X5" and" logic.In automatic switching control process, PLC ladder diagram procedure of auxiliary relay R1 and R2 respectively controlled AC contactor KM1 ( Y0 ) and KM2 ( Y1 ) coil and electric state, directly reflects two three-phase power supply U1 and U2 respectively the total phase condition, namely, either U1 or U2 three-phase power supply phase, KM1 ( Y0 ) or KM2 ( Y1 ) will immediately loses electricity, the normally closed contact of the alternating current contactor closed KM3 ( Y2 ) control coil gets electricity to attract, through the KM3 main contacts closed conduction contact loop, will be connected to the fault circuit load W1 or W2 automatically switches to a normal power supply U2 or U1 to power supply, so as to realize open-phase protection automatic switching. In automatic switching control process, auxiliary relay R1 and R2 main function is: when troubleshooting, three-phase power U1 or U2 recover the normal power supply, R1 (or R2) have electricity, the normally closed contact action, R3 reset, cut KM3 (Y2), then KM1 (Y0) or KM1 (Y1) complex have electricity, thereby automatically reverse switching back to the power supply to load W1 U1, U2 W2 power supply to load the normal power supply state.The control circuit adopts electric whistle (or buzzer) as an alarm sound (at) the same time with the red signal (at the same time with the red signal lamp), and returned to normal when the bell HA as prompt sound. Can produce two distinct alarms and prompt sound effects.4智能双电源1 智能双电源切换的技术方案本文所述的双负载—双电源自动切换的PLC控制,用PLC控制程序取代继电器逻辑控制电路,其具有对三相供电电源的缺相检测及保护切换功能,在电源恢复正常后能自动进行反切换,当发生故障和恢复正常时能分别发出两种区别明显的报警和提示音响。
HAT520NC中文说明书
HAT520NC双电源自动切换控制器用户手册目次前言 (3)1概述 (4)2性能及特点 (4)3规格 (5)4面板说明 (6)4.1操作面板 (6)4.2指示灯功能描述 (6)5面板操作设置参数 (7)5.1面板操作 (7)5.2切换优先级设置 (7)5.3交流线制设置 (8)5.4延时调节 (8)5.5恢复出厂延时值 (9)6参数配置 (10)7操作控制 (11)8接线 (11)8.1控制器端口描述 (11)8.2RS485连接说明 (12)9典型应用图 (13)10安装尺寸 (14)11故障排除 (14)前言表1 版本发展历史HAT520NC 双路电源自动切换控制器以微处理器为核心构成，可精确检测两路三相电压、两路单相电压，对出现的电压异常(失电、过压、欠压、过频、欠频、缺相、逆相序)做出准确的判断，经延时后控制ATS切换。
适用于控制无分断位ATS开关，控制器具有一路电源异常延时后发出起动发电机组信号的功能。
通过RS485口通讯，可实现遥测、遥信、遥控“三遥”功能。
2 性能及特点产品有以下特点：——采集两路三相电压、频率；一路二路线电压Uab，Ubc，Uca 线电压Uab，Ubc，Uca相电压Ua，Ub，Uc 相电压Ua，Ub，Uc频率Hz 频率Hz——具有过压、欠压、缺相、逆相序、过频、欠频检测功能,其中逆相序、过频欠频检测功能出厂设置为不使能，用户可根据需要自行设置；——具有RS485通信接口(使用我公司SG72适配器)，通过RS485接口实现控制器参数配置功能，也可实现控制器的固件升级；——1#电源或2#电源正常延时可设置(范围0～60秒)。
发电机组起动延时可设置(范围0～3600秒)；——1#电源或2#电源异常延时可设置(范围0～60秒)。
发电机组停机延时可设置(范围0～3600秒)；——通过面板按键可进行“1#电源切换优先”、“2#电源切换优先” 、“无优先”等参数设置，实现1#电源优先供电、2#电源优先供电或无优先方式供电；——合闸输出可设为脉冲或持续输出；——两路N线分离设计；——设有自动／手动状态切换，在手动方式下，通过面板按键可实现1#、2#开关切换；——面板LED可清楚显示开关工作状态；——1#、2#电源切换继电器(1# CLOSE、2# CLOSE)的输出触点容量为16A AC250V，均为无源触点，可直接用于驱动开关转换等；——发电机组起动继电器(GENS START)的输出触点容量为7A AC250V /7A DC28V，为无源常闭触点；——适合多种接线类型(三相四线、单相二线、二相三线方式)；——模块化结构设计，阻燃ABS外壳，可插拔式接线端子，嵌入式安装方式，结构紧凑，安装方便。
双电源自动转换设备TOQ3D说明书
Rated: voltage 220V 50/60HZNoted: power will be interrupted when Switching.Switch time<4SMax current: 63A.1. Dual power Automatic transfer switch can switch to Normal power or reserve power aut omatically. Please noted that the switch can’t turn on or turn off the generator. This switch Normal power first. If normal power on, the switch will switch to Normal power. If norma l power off, and reserve power on, the switch will switch to reserve power.2.WirePress the button to Automatic, the switch will switch to Normal power or reserve power au tomatically.Press the button to Manual, Then you have to switch the Direction manually.1.ApplicationTOQ3D is terminal type automatic transfer device. It’s suitable for 3 phases 4 wires (or 1 phase 1 wire) dual power grid with AC 50/60Hz, rated voltage 400V/230V and rated current up to 63A . When one power goes wrong (only test normal Phase A voltage and reserve Phase A voltage, o nly test loss voltage or loss phase),it will automatic connect one or several load circuits from one power to the other power automatically, to ensure normal power supply of load circuits.The automatic transfer switch conforms to IEC60947-6-1 and GB/T14048.112.Normal conditions for operation and installation:Environmental Temperature Condition:-5~+40°CInstallation site is not more than 2000 meters above sea level.Pollution Level: Grade 3Installation Category: 3Vertical installation or horizontal installation4. Main parameterRated Current Ie A 6,10,16,20,25,32,40 50, 63Electrical Appliances Class CBUse Category AC~33BTripping Current 5~10In (Type C), 10~15In (Type D), Rated voltage Ue 220V (2P),380V (3P or 4P)Rated frequency 50/60HzRated short circuit connecting ability Icm (Peak) 9.18KA 6.615KA Rated short circuit breaking ability Icn (effective value) 6KA 4.5KA6. Terminal wiring diagram7. Installation and wiringATSE can be installed in power control cabinet directly. Users can wire after ATSE installation (refer to design and use). As per current value use suitable conductor to connect the mains side (t op terminal) and load side (bottom terminal) of MCB of normal electric power and standby elect ric power. In-phase parallel connection at load side, and ensure the phase sequence of normal electric power a nd standby electric power must be accordant (Wire as per A,B,C,N sequence). For 3 poles ATS E should add one conductor with section not less than 0.3mm2 to connect theneuter line of pow er supply correctly, thus ATSE can work properly. For 4 poles or 2 poles ATSE, N pole of norm al electric power and standby electric power should be connected to N pole of MCB respectively . In addition, when install ATSE please ground reliably at grounding mark.8. Use1) Normal use, please set the switch of controller at Automatic Function. Under Auto working the controller of ATSE monitor normal electric power and standby electric power and display runn ing status of ATSE. When Normal power cut, novoltage, failure, ATSE will transfer load autom atically from normal power to standby power. If normal power get right, ATSE will transfer loa d automatically from standby power to normal power. The luminous diode on switch panel indic ate switch off situation.2) If you don’t adopt automatic transfer or need other manual operation please set the controlle r at manual. Under manual operation the controller stop work, and manual operation can make t he breaker on off, and the switch doesn’t transfer automatically.3) When ATSE is short circuit or over load, The MCB of ATSE will protect tripping. If power display normally the handle of MCB is switching on. If the MCB has protected tripping users sh ould set at manual and operate the switch to dual separating brake by hand, and check the reaso n of trip. After trouble clearing please set the controller at auto again to operate.4) When ATSE transfer to auto from manual, if normal and standby power are normal ATSE w ill prior connect normal power to load (even if load connected standby power ago)9. Matters need attentionWhen users test or operate please follow relative rules and pay attention to the following matter s to ensure use our ATES correctly.1)Neutral conductor N can’t be connected in wrong way, must connect reliably, otherwise ATSE can’t operate properly, even burn controller and motor.2)The protective grounding of ATSE must be connected reliably to ensure safety.3)Detection sampling signal for controller work power and main power supply is taken from Po wer supply side of main circuit, and work power of auxiliary connection terminal used for conne ct indicator is taken from main circuit, so can’t have voltage test between spare terminals (unless dismantle the secondary wires). Can have power frequency voltage test between main circuit and shell or between secondary auxiliary terminals and shell.10. Simple troubleshootingWhen users find fault can request professional to test and deal with. Keep Away for Safety whe n operate. Or contact our Specialized Service Departments.1) Double Power are both switched on, but ATSE can’t transfer automatically1 Check Auto/manual should be in automatic position.2 Check if incoming line is correct or not, if phase sequence is accordance or not, and wiring is s olid and reliable or not.3 Check if the fuse is burned on not.2) Double power are both switched on, ATSE standby power is switching on.4 Check if normal power incoming line has voltage or not.5 Check Commonly used insurance6 Check if external light is connected in wrong way or not。
HATS双电源自动转换开关电器使用说明书
HATS双电源自动转换开关电器使用说明书一.用途与特点1.1用途及适用范围HATS(HATSG隔离系列)双电源自动转换开关电器(以下简称自动切换装置)，适用于交流50Hz，额定工作电压690V(400V)及以下，额定工作电流6A至1250A的双电源系统。
用以完成常用电源与备用电源的自动切换而无需人工操作，以达到无人值守之目的。
本产品符合IEC60947-6-1《自动转换开关电器》及国家标准GB/T14048.11-2002《低压开关设备和控制设备、自动转换开关电器》。
1.2产品特点☆体积小、结构简单、外形美观、操作方便、规格齐全；☆采用电机驱动，切换可靠平稳、无噪音，冲击力小；☆电机驱动只在开关切换瞬间有电流通过，稳态时无需提供工作电流，节能性好；☆有手动及自动两种工作模式，能带载自动切换，紧急时可采用手动切换；☆带有可靠的机械联锁和电气联锁装置，确保双电源工作互不干涉；☆有多种控制器，三极、四极装置均可提供，可满足不同用户需求。
二.产品性能和工作原理2. 1 HATS系列电源自动转换开关电气机械性能(见表1)表1 HATS系列电源自动转换开关电气机械性能表2. 2 HATSG系列电源自动转换开关技术性能指标(见表2)表2 HATSG系列电源自动转换开关技术性能指标表2.3产品工作原理N为常用电源，R为备用电源，Qn为常用电源控制断路器，Qr为备用电源控制断路器，两台断路器间有可靠的机械联锁和电气联锁双重保护。
控制器由电源监测、延时判断、操作控制3部分组成。
a）自动工作模式：如果常用电源正常时，控制器将备用电源断路器(Qr)断开，并在设定时间延迟后，将常用电源断路器(Qn)合上，由常用电源为下级负载供电。
当常用电源出现故障时，将正常供电断路器(Qn)断开，经过设定的时间延迟后，将备用电源断路器(Qr)合上，将下级负载从常用电源切换至备用电源。
当常用电源恢复正常时，将自动切换成常用电源供电。
b）手动工作模式：当控制开关置于手动工作模式时，用户可根据需要，使用操作手柄，进行常用电源与备用电源间的供电切换或将常用电源断路器(Qn)及备用电源断路器(Qr)同时置于分断状态，以进行下级电路的检修与维护。
双电源切换开关原理
双电源切换开关双电源切换开关就是因故停电自动切换到另外一个电源的开关。
一般双电源切换开关是广泛应用于高层建筑、小区、医院、机场、码头、消防、冶金、化工、纺织等不允许停电的重要场所。
主要分为ATS和STSATS（Automatic transfer switching equipment），自动转换开关。
ATS主要用在紧急供电系统，将负载电路从一个电源自动换接至另一个（备用）电源的开关电器，以确保重要负荷连续、可靠运行。
ATS为机械结构，转换时间为100毫秒以上，会造成负载断电。
适合照明、电机类负载。
STS(Static Transfer Switch)，静态开关，又叫静态转换开关。
为电源二选一自动切换系统，第一路出现故障后STS自动切换到第二路给负载供电(前提第二路电正常且和第一路电基本同步），第二路故障的话STS 自动切换到第一路给负载供电(前提第一路电正常且和第二路电基本同步）。
适合用于UPS-UPS，UPS-发电机，UPS-市电，市电-市电等任意两路电源的不断电转换，其标准切换时间为≤8ms,不会造成IT类负载断电。
原理：采用双列复合式触头、横接式机构、微电机预储能及微电子控制技术，基本实现零飞弧（无灭弧罩）。
采用可靠的机械联锁和电气联锁技术。
采用过零位技术。
具有明显通断位置指示、挂锁功能，可靠实现电源与负载间的隔离可靠性高，使用寿命8000次以上。
机电一体设计，开关转换准确、灵活、可靠电磁兼容好，抗干扰能力强，对外无干扰，自动化程度高。
全自动型不需外接任何控制元器件外形美观、体积小、重量轻由逻辑控制板，以不同的逻辑来管理直接装于开关内的电机，变速箱的动行操作来保证开关的位置。
电机为聚氯丁橡胶绝缘湿热型电机装有安全装置，在超出110℃湿度和过电流状态时跳闸。
在故障消失后即自动投入工作，可逆减速齿轮采用直齿齿轮。
操作规程：1、当因故停电，且在较短时间内无法恢复供电时，必须启用备用电源。
步骤：①切除市电供电各断路器(包括配电室控制柜各断路器，双电源切换箱市供电断电器)，拉开双投防倒送开关至自备电源一侧，保持双电源切换箱内自备电供电断路器处于断开状态。
介绍国外一款双电源自动切换控制模块DSE500
图２ ＤＳ Ｓ ０后面板示意 图 Ｅ０
阀值调节已经完成 。 模块的“ 电返 回值 ” 比“ 电监测 电压 阀 市 将 市 值” 高出大约 ２ Ｖ ０ 。模 块 出厂 时“ 电监测 电压 阀 市 值” 整定பைடு நூலகம்为相 电压 １０ “ 电返 回值 ” ８Ｖ， 市 为相 电压
２ ０ ０ Ｖ
３ ２ １ 外部接线 ．． 模块外部接线详见表 １表 ２ 、 。
表１ ５位 接线端子外部接线 管脚 １ 接 线 标准线径 备 注
直 流供 电电源的正极
２ ５ｍｍ 接蓄 电池正极 ， ． 建议加 ６ Ａ的保险 ２ ５ｍｍ 接蓄 电池负极 ．
２ 直 流供 电电源的负极
３
机组合闸信号输入
２５ｍ 高电平有 效。信号来 自机组 自 ． ｍ 启动控 制器 ， 表示机组可给负载供 电 ２５ｍ 高电平有 效。信号来 自机组 自 ． ｍ 启动控 制器 ， 表示机组运行正常 ２５ｍ 常 闭触 点 ， ． ｍ 连接模块 内部直 流电源负极
大家对此模块 有所 了解 。
关键词 ： 双路 电源 自动切换控制模块 ； 功能及应 用
中图分类号 ： Ｋ ２ Ｔ ３３ 文献标识码 ： Ａ 文章编号 ：０３４ ５ （０ ６ ０ －０ ３ ４ １０ － ０ ２０ ）３０ ３ ． ２ ０
作者简介： 张 岭 （ ９ ３ ） 女 ， 程 １７ － ， 工 师 ， 要 从 事 电 站 主 控制 系统 的 研 究 、 设 计工作。
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６ 机 电接触器 吸合 继电器 ７ 机 电接触器 吸合 继电器 ８ 市 电接触器 吸合继电器 ９ 市电接触器吸合继 电器
双电源切换控制器产品说明书
双电源切换控制器产品说明书安装、使用产品时，注意人身安全，并请仔细阅读说明书鑫龙电器股份ANHUI XINLONG ELECTRICAL CO., LTD目录1.概述 (2)2. 技术参数2.1 规格参数 (3)2.2 安全性能 (3)3. 控制器外形结构与安装连线3.1 详细尺寸 (4)3.2 控制器接线端子 (4)3.3 控制器典型接线图 (5)4. 操作面板4.1 操作按键功能说明 (8)4.2发光二极管功能说明 (9)4.3 LED数码管指示说明 (9)5. 控制与操作说明5.1 菜单结构 (10)5.2 菜单说明 (11)5.3 操作例 (13)6. 通讯功能 (17)7. 故障排除 (17)附录:选型表 (18)1. 概述双电源切换控制器（以下简称：控制器）是一种集测量显示、控制、三遥等功能为一体的自动转换控制器。
适用于交流50Hz、额定电压220V的两路电源，因一路电源断电或故障，自动将负载切换到另一路电源的场合。
具有以下特点：●基于ARM的微处理器控制，实时测算电网参数，运算速度快，测量精度高；●控制器由主、副三相电源同时供电。
任何时候，只要有一相电源正常，即可保证控制器的正常工作，无需额外工作电源，适用场合非常广泛；●通过LED数码管和发光二极管显示控制器的运行状态、运行参数以及电网参数；●自动对电源的过压、欠压、过频、欠频、断相及负载过流（三段式）故障进行监控，并按设置的整定值进行控制；●具有手动/自动操作模式：自动模式时，电源的切换由控制器自动控制；手动模式时，电源的切换由面板上手动控制按键完成。
●具有自复/自投操作控制模式；●双路电源的主副端定义可以按用户需求设置；●可以外接手动按钮（拥有最高优先操作权），以实现远程操控。
●可以外接手动双分按钮（三段式），以实现远程操控。
●具有24V消防联动功能（三段式）。
●可以通过RS485通讯口实现对控制器的遥测、遥信及遥控。
产品型号说明：双电源切换智能控制器（BlueLight系列）根据应用场合和功能的不同分为多个型号。
众智smartgenHAT600系列双电源自动切换控制器说明书
HAT600系列双电源自动切换控制器(HAT600/HAT600I/HAT600B/HAT600BI)用户手册郑州众智科技股份有限公司目录1概述 (3)2性能和特点 (3)3规格 (4)4操作 (5)4.1操作面板 (5)4.2按键功能描述 (5)5LCD显示 (6)5.1主界面 (6)5.2主菜单界面 (7)6试机操作 (7)7参数配置 (8)7.1参数配置表 (8)7.2输入/输出口功能描述 (11)8定时试机 (12)9日期时间设置 (13)10控制器信息 (13)11ATS操作运行 (13)11.1手动操作运行 (13)11.2自动操作运行 (13)11.3ATS供电电源 (13)12通信配置及连接 (14)13输入输出接口图 (15)14典型应用图 (16)15安装尺寸 (20)16故障排除 (20)1 概述HAT600系列双路电源自动切换控制器一种具有可编程功能、自动化测量、LCD显示，数字通讯为一体的智能化双电源切换模块。
它集数字化、智能化、网络化于一身，测量及控制过程实现自动化，减少人为操作失误，是双电源切换的理想产品。
HAT600系列双路电源自动切换控制器由微处理器为核心构成，可精确地检测两路三相电压，对出现的电压异常(过压、欠压、缺相、过频、欠频)做出准确的判断并输出无源控制开关量。
该装置充分考虑了在多种ATS(负载自动转换系统)上的应用，可直接用于专用ATS开关、接触器组成的ATS、空气开关组成的ATS等。
其结构紧凑、电路先进、接线简单、可靠性高，可广泛应用于电力、邮电、石油、煤炭、冶金、铁道、市政、智能大厦等行业、部门的电气装置、自动控制以及调试系统。
2 性能和特点★系统类型可设置为1#市电2#市电、1#市电2#发电、1#发电2#市电、1#发电2#发电；★LCD为128x64，带背光，两种语言(简体中文、英文)显示，轻触按钮操作；★采集并显示两路三相电压、频率参数；一路二路线电压Uab，Ubc，Uca 线电压Uab，Ubc，Uca相电压Ua，Ub，Uc 相电压Ua，Ub，Uc频率F1 频率F2★具有过压、欠压、缺相、逆相序、过频、欠频功能；★设有自动／手动状态切换，在手动方式下，可强制开关合分闸；★所有参数现场可编程，采用二级口令，防止非专业人员误操作；★现场可设定为带载／不带载模式进行发电机组的试机操作；★具有开关重合闸及断电再扣功能；★合闸输出可设为脉冲或持续输出；★可适用于一个分断位、两个分断位和无分段位开关；★两路N线分离设计；★实时时钟显示；★具有定时开停发电机组功能，可设定单次运行、每月一次或者每周一次，且均可设定是否带载运行。
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电子科技大学毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译毕业设计（论文）题目多路可调输出直流稳压电源的设计与制作翻译题目基于压降型PWM开关电源的建模、仿真和减少传导性电磁干扰学院电子信息学院专业电子信息科学与技术姓名陈平飞班级07041911学号07041909指导教师陈瑾作者：A. Farhadi国籍：伊朗出处：http://10.11.248.20:8000/rewriter/EI基于压降型PWM开关电源的建模、仿真和减少传导性电磁干扰摘要：电子设备之中杂乱的辐射或者能量叫做电磁干扰(EMI)。
尤其是在开关电源中的电力电子转换器经常高速切换时，虽然提高了工作效率，却导致转换器产生了电磁干扰。
在这篇论文之中介绍了各种各样的传导干扰，电磁干扰规章以及传导性电磁干扰的测量。
如果电子设备的电磁干扰符合国家或者国际规章称为电磁兼容性（EMC）。
电力电子系统生产商一定要重视电子设备的电磁兼容性。
电磁兼容性评估的第一步就是建模和仿真。
在这篇论文中提出了基于压降型脉宽调制开关电源的电磁干扰仿真结果。
为了提高电子设备的电磁兼容性,在论文中介绍了一些技术，并且通过仿真提高了电子设备的工作效率。
关键字：传导，电磁兼容性，电磁干扰，线路阻抗稳定网络，开关电源一.前言在电力电子领域中，快速半导体的出现使高速度，高频率的开关切换成为了可能[1]。
高速的开关造成设备的重量和体积的减少，但与此同时这也造成了一些不利的影响，比如无线频率的干扰[2]。
生产商将生产的产品投放到市场，遵守电磁兼容性规章是必要的。
在设计阶段考虑电磁兼容性问题是非常重要的[3]。
在开发产品前，建模和仿真是分析电磁兼容性最有效的工具。
许多以前的研究都有涉及到电力电子元件的低频分析[4~5]。
不同类型的电力电子转换器都能够被用来当做电磁的干扰源。
电磁干扰源可以通过辐射和传导两种方式来传播。
线路阻抗稳定网络被用来测量和计算电磁干扰影响的程度[6]。
线路阻抗稳定网络输出的干扰频谱被引为电磁兼容性的评估标准[7,~8]。
国家或国际规章是电子设备电磁兼容性评估的一个参考的方面[7~8]。
二、来源，途径和电磁干扰的受害者杂乱的电压或者电流被称为干扰，而它们的来源被称为干扰源。
本论文中的干扰源就是一个高速的开关电源。
干扰通过辐射的方式在干扰源周围传播或通过和常见的电缆或电线连接进行传导。
在这项研究中只考虑传导发射设备，如电脑，接收器，放大器，工业控制器等。
这些被干扰源辐射的设备被称为受害者。
常见的元素，源头接线，布线为噪声以及干扰的传导提供了途径。
电磁传导干扰有差模和共模两种干扰方法[9]。
A.差模传导干扰这种模式就是将一个噪声源的噪声施加到一个测试电路的不同线路。
它的电路如下图1所示[9]。
在图1中也显示了干扰源，路径阻抗，差模电流以及负载阻抗。
图1差模传导干扰路径B.常见的干扰方式共模噪声或干扰可能出现在电线或者电缆的连接点。
负载和接地点的任意泄露都可以被认为是电压干扰源。
图2演示了共模干扰源在共模电流为Icm1和Icm2时相关的电流路径[9]。
电力电子转换器可以被用来作为供应网络线路之间的噪音源。
在这项研究中不同的传导干扰模式是非常重要的，所以讨论只会在这种模式下被继续考虑。
三、电磁兼容性规章电子设备的应用，特别是那些拥有静态电力电子转换器的电子设备越来越多。
就像前面讲的一样，电力电子转换器被视为一个重要的电磁干扰源，并能使电网产生腐坏。
各种各样的干扰造成的高污染降低了电网电能的质量。
另一方面，一些住宅，广告，特别是医疗器件对电力系统的电压及频率变化的干扰非常敏感。
最好的解决干扰和提高电能质量的方法就是遵守国家或国际电磁兼容性规定。
国际无线电干扰特别委员会，国际电工委员会标准，美国联邦通讯委员会和德国电气工程师协会认证是欧洲，美国，德国最有名的决策并且出版最重要电磁兼容性法规的组织。
IEC和VDE在传导发射上的需要和限制如图 3 和图4所示[7,9]。
图2共模传导干扰路径图3 IEC管理排放标准不同的消费者群体可以遵守不同类别的规定。
A类为普通的消费者，B类为具有更苛刻限制的消费者，在图 3 和图4这两者被分开。
IEC和VDE频率范围不同，前者范围为150 千赫兹到30 兆赫兹，后者的范围为10 千赫兹到30 兆赫兹，在上述法规规定要求的频率范围内，法规的遵守情况被用来测量或者计算传导干扰的水平。
在欧美社会电磁兼容性法规的遵行是强制的，产品必须要有认证的标签以表示达到法规的要求[8]。
图4 VDE管理排放标准四、电磁传导干扰测试A. 线路阻抗稳定网络（LISN）线路阻抗稳定网络是提供一个标准的工业元素被放置在供应和电力电子转换器之间，包括加载一个接口以便可以对传导干扰进行测量[7]，所述的情况如图5 所示[6]。
线路阻抗稳定网络应具有以下几个特点，以满足测量条件[7]。
1-提供一个低阻抗路径转移源动力到电力电子转换器以及负载。
2-干扰源提供一个低阻抗路径，电力电子转换器用来测量路径端口。
图5 LISN网络布局测量传导干扰B. 线路阻抗稳定网络拓扑线路阻抗稳定网络比较常见的拓扑结构如图6所示[7]。
图6 LISN网络常见的拓扑结构图7中给出了线路阻抗稳定网络的阻抗与频率的变化以及前面提到的拓扑结构。
线性阻抗稳定网络在电磁干扰测量范围之内拥有稳定的阻抗[7]。
线路阻抗稳定网络输出的信号电平与频率的变化就是干扰频谱。
一个系统的电磁兼容性可以通过比较它的干扰频谱和标准的限制来进行评估。
线路阻抗稳定网络输出的信号电平范围在10千赫兹到30 千赫兹或者150 千赫兹到30兆赫兹之间，这就是标准的电磁兼容性，并且它处在标准的限定范围里。
在实际的情况下，线路阻抗稳定网络是连接到频谱分析仪上进行干扰测量的。
但是为了建模和仿真的目的，线路阻抗稳定网络的输出频谱是通过相应的软件来进行计算的。
五．结论本论文提到了由于快速地开关半导体器件会在电力电子转换器中出现电磁干扰，电磁干扰有辐射干扰和传导干扰两种，本论文研究了两者之中的传导干扰。
论文中对相容性的法规和传导干扰的测量进行了解释。
本文对线路阻抗稳定网络进行了描述，它是除了拓扑结构，参数和工艺之外测量过程中的一个重要组成部分。
本文对压降型脉宽调制直流/直流转换器的电磁干扰进行了考虑和模拟。
对于现在的机构，减少电磁干扰的水平是非常必要的。
这表明压降型脉宽调制开关电源的电磁干扰程度可以减弱，通过控制占空比，占空比变化以及参考电压频率的参数。
Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducted Electromagnetic Interference Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply IA. FarhadiAbstract:Undesired generation of radiated or conducted energy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). High speed switching frequency in power electronics converters especially in switching power supplies improves efficiency but leads to EMI. Different kind of conducted interference, EMI regulations and conducted EMI measurement are introduced in this paper. Compliancy with national or international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Power electronic systems producers must regard EMC. Modeling and simulation is the first step of EMC evaluation. EMI simulation results due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply are presented in this paper. To improve EMC, some techniques are introduced and their effectiveness proved by simulation.Index Terms:Conducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switching SupplyI. INTRODUCTIONFAST semiconductors make it possible to have high speed and high frequency switching in power electronics []1. High speed switching causes weight and volume reduction of equipment, but some unwanted effects such as radio frequency interference appeared []2. Compliance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is necessary for producers to present their products to the markets. It is important to take EMC aspects already in design phase []3. Modeling and simulation is the most effective tool to analyze EMC consideration before developing the products. A lot of the previous studies concerned the low frequency analysis of power electronics components []4[]5. Different types of power electronics converters are capable to be considered as source of EMI. They could propagate the EMI in both radiated and conducted forms. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) is required for measurement and calculation of conducted interference level []6. Interference spectrum at the output of LISN is introduced as the EMC evaluation criterion []7[]8. National or international regulations are the references for the evaluation of equipment in point of view of EMC []7[]8.II. SOURCE, PATH AND VICTIM OF EMIUndesired voltage or current is called interference and their cause is called interference source. Inthis paper a high-speed switching power supply is the source of interference.Interference propagated by radiation in area around of an interference source or by conduction through common cabling or wiring connections. In this study conducted emission is considered only. Equipment such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, industrial controllers, etc that are exposed to interference corruption are called victims. The common connections of elements, source lines and cabling provide paths for conducted noise or interference. Electromagnetic conducted interference has two components as differential mode and common mode []9.A. Differential mode conducted interferenceThis mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by a noise source. Related current path is shown in Fig. 1 []9. The interference source, path impedances, differential mode current and load impedance are also shown in Fig. 1.B. Common mode conducted interferenceCommon mode noise or interference could appear and impose between the lines, cables or connections and common ground. Any leakage current between load and common ground could be modeled by interference voltage source.Fig. 2 demonstrates the common mode interference source, common mode currents Icm1 and Icm2and the related current paths[]9.The power electronics converters perform as noise source between lines of the supply network. In this study differential mode of conducted interference is particularly importantand discussion will be continued considering this mode only.III. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONSApplication of electrical equipment especially static power electronic converters in different equipment is increasing more and more. As mentioned before, power electronics converters are considered as an important source of electromagnetic interference and have corrupting effects on the electric networks []2. High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quality of power in electric networks. On the other side some residential, commercial and especially medical consumers are so sensitive to power system disturbances including voltage and frequency variations. The best solution to reduce corruption and improve power quality is complying national or international EMC regulations. CISPR, IEC, FCC and VDE are among the most famous organizations from Europe, USA and Germany who are responsible for determining and publishing the most important EMC regulations. IEC and VDE requirement and limitations on conducted emission are shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 []7[]9.For different groups of consumers different classes of regulations could be complied. Class A for common consumers and class B with more hard limitations for special consumers are separated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are 150 kHz up to 30 MHz and 10 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively. Compliance of regulations is evaluated by comparison of measured or calculated conducted interference level in the mentioned frequency range with the statedrequirements in regulations. In united European community compliance of regulation is mandatory and products must have certified label to show covering of requirements []8.IV. ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTA. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)1-Providing a low impedance path to transfer power from source to power electronics converter and load.2-Providing a low impedance path from interference source, here power electronics converter, to measurement port.Variation of LISN impedance versus frequency with the mentioned topology is presented in Fig. 7. LISN has stabilized impedance in the range of conducted EMI measurement []7.Variation of level of signal at the output of LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of interference. The electromagnetic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparison of its interference spectrum with the standard limitations. The level of signal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 150 kHz up to 30 MHz is criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations. In practical situations, the LISN output is connected to a spectrum analyzer and interference measurement is carried out. But for modeling and simulation purposes, the LISN output spectrum is calculated using appropriate software.参考文献[1] Mohan, Undeland, and Robbins, “Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design” 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.[2] P. Moy, “EMC Related Issues for Power Electronics”, IEEE, Automotive Power Electronics, 1989, 28-29 Aug. 1989 pp. 46 – 53.[3] M. J. Nave, “Prediction of Conducted Interference in Switched Mode Power Supplies”, Session 3B, IEEE International Symp. on EMC, 1986.[4] Henderson, R. D. and Rose, P. J., “Harmonics and their Effects on Power Quality and Transformers”, IEEE Trans. On Ind. App., 1994, pp. 528-532.[5] I. Kasikci, “A New Method for Power Factor Correction and Harmonic Elimination in Power System”, Proceedings of IEEE Ninth International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Volume 3, pp. 810 – 815, Oct. 2000.[6] M. J. Nave, “Line Impedance Stabilization Networks: Theory and Applications”, RFI/EMI Corner, April 1985, pp. 54-56.[7] T. 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