专业英语课文翻译

合集下载

化学专业英语课文翻译

01 元素和元素周期表The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.原子核内的质子数被称为原子序数,或质子数，Z。

一个电中性原子的电子数量也等于原子序数，Z。

原子的总质量接近核内质子数和中子数之和。

这个总数被称为质量数A。

中子在一个原子中的数量,中子数,给出了的数量为A-Z。

The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:单质是指,一个纯物质由一种原子组成的。

化工专业英语课文翻译

Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业much more recently. It may be considered to have begun during the Industrial Revolution, about 1800, and developed to provide chemicals roe use by other industries. Examples are alkali for soapmaking, bleaching powder for cotton, and silica and sodium carbonate for glassmaking. It will be noted that these are all inorganic chemicals. The organic chemicals industry started in the 1860s with the exploitation of William Henry Perkin’s discovery if the first synthetic dyestuff—mauve. At the start of the twentieth century the emphasis on research on the applied aspects of chemistry in Germany had paid off handsomely, and by 1914 had resulted in the German chemical industry having 75% of the world market in chemicals. This was based on the discovery of new dyestuffs plus the development of both the contact process for sulphuric acid and the Haber process for ammonia. The later required a major technological breakthrough that of being able to carry out chemical reactions under conditions of very high pressure for the first time. The experience gained with this was to stand Germany in good stead, particularly with the rapidly increased demand for nitrogen-based compounds (ammonium salts for fertilizers and nitric acid for explosives manufacture) with the outbreak of world warⅠin 1914. This initiated profound changes which continued during the inter-war years (1918-1939).1．化学工业的起源尽管化学品的使用可以追溯到古代文明时代，我们所谓的现代化学工业的发展却是非常近代（才开始的）。

刚整理的专业英语课文翻译

第一单元Human bodyTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; the study of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。

研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。

其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。

Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。

专业英语课文翻译

Lesson 16 Basic Concepts of MechanismsA combination of interrelated parts(相关零件的组合体) having definite（确定的）motions and capable of performing useful work may be called machine.具有确定的运动轨迹,并且能做有用的功联接在一起的零件的组合称为机器.A mechanism is a component of a machine consisting of two or more bodies arranged so that the motion of one compels the motion of the others.机构是机器的组成要素.机器由二个及以上的机构组合而成.因此其中一个构件的运动会带动其它的构件的连锁运动.Kinematics is the study of motion in mechanisms without reference to the forces that act on the mechanism运动学仅研究机构的运动而不考虑作用在机构上的力.Dynamics is the study of motion individual bodies and mechanisms under the influence of forces and torques.动力学研究独立构件的运动及力和扭矩作用下对机构的影响.The study of forces and torques in stationary systems (and systems with negligible inertial effects) is called statics研究平衡中的力和扭矩,该系统忽略惯性影响,称之为静力学.Synthesis is the procedure by which a product (a mechanism, for example) is developed to satisfy a set of performance requirements合成是一个程序,通过该程序能够不断改进一个产品(例如一个机构)直到满足一系列的性能要求.If a product configuration is tentatively specified and then examined to determine whether the performance requirements are met, the process is called analysis.如果需要探索性的详细阐述产品的构造结构,然后检验,判断该产品是否满足性能要求,这个过程称为分解.The design of mechanisms involves both synthesis and analysis.机构设计包括合成和分解.The design process begins with the recognition of a need. A set of requirements is then listed设计从对于需求的确认开始,罗列出一系列的要求.Detailed analyses of displacements, velocities, and accelerations are usually required通常需要对位移,速度,加速度进行具体分析.This part of the design process is followed by an analysis of forces and torques. 设计过程中的这个部分是紧跟在对力和扭矩的分析之后.The design process may continue long after（很久以后）the first models have been produced and may include redesigns of components that affect velocities, accelerations, forces, and torques在制造完毕第一个模型之后,该设计过程仍有可能持续很长一段时间. 并且有可能会重新设计这些会影响速度,加速度及所知扭矩的零部件In order to successfully compete from year to year, most manufactures must continuously modify their product and their methods of production为了在年复一年的技术中取得优势,大多数制造商必须不断调整修改他们的产品及加工方式.Increases in the production rate, upgrading of product performance, redesign for cost and weight reduction are frequently required,为了增加出产率,提高产品的性能,经常需要重新设计来降低成本以及减轻重量. Success may hinge on（决定于） the accuracy of the kinematic and dynamic analysis 对问题进行正确的运动学和动力学分析是成功的关键.Many of the basic linkage configurations have been incorporated into（成为……的一部分）machines designed centuries ago, and the terms we use to describe them have changed over the years很久以前,许多基本的连杆构造就已经运用在机器设计中去了,并且我们用来称呼它们的术语在不断的变化,.Thus, definitions and terminology are not consistent throughout thetechnical literature.因此技术供应文献中的定义和说明不是一成不变的In most cases, however, meanings will be clear from the context of the descriptive matter.在大多数的情况下,然而定义,义意可以在的解释性的描述内容中清晰的获得,A few terms of particular interest to the study of kinematics and dynamics of machines are defined below下面定义了在学习,研究机构运动学和动力学中一些特别重要的术语.Link A link is one of the rigid bodies or members joined together to form a kinematic chain.杆件是一个刚体或者连接在一起形成运动链的零部件,因此被称为刚性构件或者是简单构件.The term rigid link, or sometimes simply link, is an idealization used in the study of mechanisms that does not consider small deflections due to strains in machine members刚性构件是在机械装置中的理想化模型.这样就不无需考虑由机器零部件所产生的应力造成的微小偏移量.A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.一个绝对刚性或不可延展的构件只能存在于教科书上的机械零部件的模型.For typical machine parts, the maximum changes in dimension are on the order of only a one-thousandth of the part length.对于典型的零部件,最大的尺寸变化量仅仅是沿着该部件长度方向的千分之一.We are justified（合理的） in neglecting this small motion when considering the much greater motion characteristic of most mechanisms当考虑到大多数的机构相对较为显着的运动特征,忽略这点微量的偏移是合情合理的. The word link is used in a general sense to include cams, gears, and other machine members in addition to cranks, connecting rods and other pin-connected（铰接） components通常意义所说的杆件包括凸轮,齿轮以及它的机器零件的曲柄,连杆机构和其它的销件连接部分.Frame The fixed or stationary link in a mechanism is called the frame机架机械装置中固定或静止不动的构件称为机架.When there is no link that is actually fixed, we may consider one as being fixed and determine the motion of the other links relative to it如果实际中确实没有构件是固定的,我们可以假设其中某个是固定的,这样可以判断出其它与之相连构件的运动.In an automotive engine, for example, the engine block (see Fig.14.1) isconsidered the frame, even though the automobile may be moving例如汽车发动机,我们通常是把发动机气缸视为机架,让它保持静止不动,实际上整部汽车者是运动的.Degree of Freedom The number of degrees of freedom of a linkageis the number of independent parameters required to specify the position of every link relative to the frame or fixed link自由度连杆机构的自由度是给定独立参数的数目，需要自由度来确定某一个与机架或固定杆件相连接的构件的位置，If the instantaneous configuration of a system may be completely defined bespecifying one independent variable, that system has one degree of freedom如果系统的瞬间结构完全可以由一个独立的变量来确定，这样系统就具有一个自由度，An unconstrained rigid body has six degrees of freedom:大多数实际上运用的机构装置只有一个自由度。

专业英语课文翻译

Lesson 1 Why GIS?现在，许多组织在地理信息系统和地理数据库方面花费大量的金钱。

预言显示，在整个下一个十年，将有数十亿美元花费在这些上面。

为什么在现今成为现实，而在仅仅几年前，GIS还是稀有之物？迅速下降的计算机硬件成本，使得能够负担得起GIS的人迅速增多，范围变广。

更重要的是，我们终于认识到，地理学（和数据描述的地理学）是我们日常生活环境的部分：几乎我们所做的每一个决策都是被一些地学事实所限制，所影响，或是所支配的。

我们派消防车以最快的速度，尽可能短的路径到达着火现场。

我们的中央政府经常根据人口数量拨款物给地方政府。

我们通过确认疾病的流行地区和传播速度来研究疾病。

这种对地理信息的需求与对GIS的需要相吻合，解释了它迅速普及的原因。

然而，如此概括不能够解释GIS为什么能帮助和怎样帮助你。

首先，你必须知道GIS 是什么和它能用来做什么。

下面的主题将帮助你理解GIS。

GIS是什么？在1980年代，GIS的使用显著地增长。

现在，对企业、政府和学术界来说，运用GIS 的许多不同的应用已是寻常之事。

因而GIS的许多定义已经出现了。

例如，翻到本书的词汇表，你将发现GIS被描述为：由计算机硬件、软件、地理数据和人员构成的有机集成，被设计来有效搜集、储存、更新、处理、分析和展示各种空间相关信息。

尽管这个定义正确、全面、并被广泛接受，但它对初学GIS的人帮助不多。

当你读完此工作手册，这个定义的含义将变得清晰，但目前，考虑一个更简单的定义：能够支持和使用数据描述地表区域的计算机系统。

空间操作许多计算机程序，诸如spreadsheets, statistics packages, 或drafting packages能处理简单的地理或空间数据，那么，为什么他们不是通常所认为的是GIS呢？一个通常被接受的回答是，如果它允许对数据进行空间操作，这样的GIS才是GIS。

作为一个例子，考虑下面的表格：这个表格表明，在所选择的活动中心，从事GIS某一方面工作者的大致数量。

专业英语王立琦版课文翻译

ResistorA resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that opposes an electric current by producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is ,in accordance with Ohm’s law :V=IR .The electrical resistance R is equal to the voltage drop V across the resistor divided by the current I through the resistor. Resistors are used as part of electrical networks and electronic circuits.译：电阻器是一个二端口电子元件,电阻是阻止电流流动，通过按比例产生其端子之间的电压降的电流,也就是说,根据欧姆定律:V = IR。

电阻R等于电压降V除以通过电阻的电流I。

电阻作为电子网络和电子电路的一部分。

TransistorIn electronics, a transistor is a semiconductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic signals . A transistor is made of a solid piece of a semiconductor material , with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltag e or current applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled current can be much larger than the controlling current, the transistor provides amplification of a signal. The transistor is the fundamental building block of modern electronic devices, and is used in radio, telephone, computer and other electronic systems. Some transistors are packaged individually but most are found in integrated circuits.译：在电子技术中，晶体管是一种，常用来放大或进行开关控制电子信号的半导体器。

大学-英语专业-精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译

大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容及翻译《Half a Day》一、①I walked alongside my father ,clutching his right hand.（走在父亲的身旁，我紧紧地抓住他的右手）②All my clothes were new : the black shoes , the green school uniform ,and the red cap.（那时，我穿着黑鞋子，绿校服，戴着红帽子，它们都是新的。

）③They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for first time.（然而，因为今天是我第一次被送去上学，所以这些衣服并没有给我带来一丝快乐。

）二、①My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.（母亲站在窗前望着我们缓缓前行，我也不时地回头看她，希望会从她那里得到帮助。

）②We walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.（我们沿着街道走着，街道两旁是花园和田野，田野里栽满了梨树和椰枣树。

）三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What haveI done ?”（“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”）四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”（“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。

安全工程专业英语课文翻译

Accident causation models 事故致因理论Safety officer 安全官员Safety management 安全管理Safety committee 安全委员会Physical conditions 物质条件Shop-floor 生产区Machine guarding 机械保护装置Unionized company集团公司House-keeping 工作场所管理Seniority 资历、工龄Top management 高层管理人员Local culture 当地文化Human errors 人因失误Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Power relations 权力关系Munitions factory 军工厂Status review 状态审查Causal factors 起因Lower-level management 低层管理者Risking taking 冒险行为Business performance 组织绩效Corporate culture 企业文化Most senior executive 高级主管Loss prevention 损失预防Supervisory level 监督层Process industry 制造工业Safety principle 安全规则Hazard control 危险控制Wall-board 公告栏Intensive study 广泛研究Implement plan 执行计划Organizational performance 企业绩效Hazard identification 危险辨识Mutual trust 相互信任Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational cultubasic assumptions –invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope wit h its problems of external adaptation and internal integration –that has wo rked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to thos e problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。

电子信息专业英语课文翻译(部分)

电子信息专业英语课文翻译1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Electronic Technology电子技术简介1.1. Lesson 1 Development of Electronics 电子技术开展史电子技术的历史是一个关于二十世纪的故事，电子学的三个关键元件是真空管、晶体管和集成电路。

真空管也叫做电子管，它是一个密封的玻璃管，在它里面，电子在有真空隔离的电极之间流动。

在20〔19×〕世纪早期创造了真空管，随着真空管的创造，放大和传输电能成为可能。

电子管的第一应用在于无线电通信。

在第二次世界大战之前，随着越来越多的专门真空管被制造出来用于各种用处，通信技术从而能得到了宏大的进步。

在20世纪20年代时，无线电播送呈天文数字地增长并且成为家庭娱乐的主要来源。

电视机是在1927年创造，并且最终得到了广泛的应用。

电视机作为一种电子设备，其开展得益于在二次世界大战期间雷达上的许多进步。

雷达利用无线电微波回声来测量一个物体的间隔和方向，被用于检测飞机和船只。

世界大战之后，电子管被用于开发第一台计算机，但是因为电子元件的尺寸，所以这些计算机是不实在际的。

在1947年，来自贝尔实验室的一组工程师们创造了晶体管，因为创造了晶体管，他们获得了诺贝尔奖。

晶体管的功能类似于真空管，但与真空管相比，它体积小、重量轻、消耗功率低、更加可靠和制造本钱低。

在几乎所有的电子设备中晶体管取代了真空管。

在20世纪 50年代时，美国德州仪器公司开展出第一个集成电路。

第一个集成电路仅包含了几个晶体管，在随后的20世纪70年代中期，出现了大规模集成电路和超大规模集成电路。

超大规模集成电路技术允许我们在一个单芯片中构建一个包含有成千上万晶体管的系统。

摄像机、手提和个人电脑仅仅是集成电路使之成为可能的一些设备实例。

1.2. Lesson 2 Singapore Polytechnic 新加坡理工学院新加坡理工学院，是新加坡同类学校中的第一家教育机构，创立于1954年，学院着重培养和训练技术人员和专业人员，从而支持新加坡的工业和经济的开展。

高分子材料专业英语课文翻译

A 高分子化学和高分子物理UNIT 1 What are Polymer?第一单元什么是高聚物？What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big molecules or ‘macro-molecules’are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively, individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a polymer from molecules of different compounds.什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。

生物专业英语课文翻译

第一课Cytoplasm: The Dynamic, Mobile Factory细胞质：动力工厂Most of the properties we associate with life are properties of the cytoplasm. Much of the mass of a cell consists of this semifluid substance, which is bounded on the outside by the plasma membrane. Organelles are suspended within it, supported by the filamentous network of the cytoskeleton. Dissolved in the cytoplasmic fluid are nutrients, ions, soluble proteins, and other materials needed for cell functioning.生命的大部分特征表现在细胞质的特征上。

细胞质大部分由半流体物质组成，并由细胞膜（原生质膜）包被。

细胞器悬浮在其中，并由丝状的细胞骨架支撑。

细胞质中溶解了大量的营养物质，离子，可溶蛋白以及维持细胞生理需求的其它物质。

The Nucleus: Information Central（细胞核：信息中心）The eukaryotic cell nucleus is the largest organelle and houses the genetic material (DNA) on chromosomes. (In prokaryotes the hereditary material is found in the nucleoid.) The nucleus also contains one or two organelles-the nucleoli-that play a role in cell division. A pore-perforated sac called the nuclear envelope separates the nucleus and its contents from the cytoplasm. Small molecules can pass through the nuclear envelope, but larger molecules such as mRNA and ribosomes must enter and exit via the pores.真核细胞的细胞核是最大的细胞器，细胞核对染色体组有保护作用（原核细胞的遗传物质存在于拟核中）。

英语专业综合英语一课文翻译

Unit1: Translation exercises1. He has prepared answers to the questions that he expects to confront during the interview.2. His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cried.3、People from Shanghai can understand Suzhou dialect with ease, for Shanghai dialect and Suzhou dialect have much in common.4、Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house within three years.5. The two of them are walking hand in hand along the riverbank, chatting and laughing.6. When he heard the exciting news, tears of joy welled up in his eyes.7. He finally gave in to his daughter's repeated requests to further her education abroad.8. We locked all our valuables away before we went on holiday.9. Although we have parted from each other, I hope that we will remain good friends and that we will care for and help each other just as we did in the past.10. At that critical moment, the army commander summoned all the officers to work out new strategies and tactics which would make it possible to conquer the enemy.Unit2:Translation exercises1Yesterday a government delegation headed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs arrived in South Africa and began a three-day friendly visit to the country.2、It is awfully funny to look at these caricatures which satirize social ills.3、Computers are one of the most useful teaching aids,for all your lessons as well as all the questions asked and all the answers provided can be shown on a screen.4.、Xiao Zhang’s mother fell ill the day before yesterday; he sent for a doctor immediately.5、He failed in the college entrance examination last year,but he did not feeldisappointed.Instead,he continued to study hard,passed the examination successfully and become a student in famous university this year.6、There are many English words that this middle school student cannot pronounce correctly.7In this era of information explosion, we have to make constant efforts to renew our knowledge. Only thus can we become adjusted to the requirement s of our work.8With his shirt tucked into the top of his trousers and a leather bag under his arm, the boy looks just like a boss.9、Although she is only 8 years old，the little girl is already very good at calculating fractions.No wonder her parents feel proud of her.10、All the neighborhood have heard of the news,but you haven't.Don't you think it is strange?Unit31.I am sorry I am late,but I was at a meeting and couldn’t get away.2.At the concert, whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audience would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation.3. She is always wearing stylish clothes, but seldom cares about what she eats or drinks.4.The nurse told me that the doctors had done wonders for your heart disease.5.When awarding the prize, the chairman comlimented the winner on his great contribution to mankind.6.This problem has bothered the experts for many years.7.The crowd demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.8.Since punctuality is such a good habbit,we should pay close attention to it and make every effort to cultivate it.9.The old man cherishes that girl,as if she were his own daughter.10.It is just a routine physical checkup, nothing to get worried about.Unit 4.1. 1.It is an attempt made to strengthen our competitive ability.2. 2.The police in this district know where the thieves hang out.3. 3.The agreement signed will break down all the barriers to free trade.4. 4.It was a very difficult situation,but he handled it very successfully.5. 5.He is my best friend.I just can’t turn my back on him now that he needs my help.6. 6.So long as you work hard,you are bound to succeed and realize your ambition sooner orlater.7.7.Although he hates the job,yet he is determined to stick it out because he needs the money tosupport the family.8.8.That cancer patient kept an optimistic attitude towards his disease,persisted in combatingit,and conquered it in the end.9.9.This university has a staff of more than 2000,including about 150 professors and over 500associate professors.10.10.The concert was held to mark the 75th anniversary of the composer’s death.Unit51. 1.That psychiatrist who had talked about his patients in public, was charged with violatingprofessional ethics.2. 2.Hanging on the walls of the classroom are some famous sayings,which inspire and urgepeople to exert themselves.3. 3.All kinds of commodities are available.Nothing is in short supply.4. 4.We all trust the president for his absolute integrity.5. 5.Before we vote for him, we want to know what he stands for.6. 6.The defendant couldn’t account for the fact that the money was found in his house.7.7.When I saw that he was right,I had to back down.8.8.She has been appointed sales manager,for she is both clever and diligent.9.9.One of the biggest challenges faced by the present government is that of creating more jobs.10.10.The enemy succumbed soon after our soldiers stormed its stronghold.Unit61. The dilemma she is facing is whether to tell her husband the truth about his fatal disease.2.Don’t you think it a sort of stigma that you,already in your thirties,still have to depend on your old parents?3. Almost all the governments in the world are very much concerned about the financialissue.4.With regard to the seminar on English teaching, I suggest that it be held on the comingweekend.5.whether to go abroad for further education or not is entirely up to you.6.Just a single spark can lead to an explosion in a room filled with gas.7.No matter what efforts the government has made,the price for housing has barely declined.8.In order to pass TOEFL,he has devoted almost every minute of his spare time to Englishstudies.9.With his acting potential, the young man is likely to be a superstar in the field of entertainment.10.It is believed that siblings jealousy exists more in a rich family than in a poor one.Unit71.I scrambled up the cliff for a good view of the sea.2.He lunged at the burglar and wrestled with him for the weapon.3.I figure that our national economy will continue to develop rapidly.4.The chairman made an effort to reassure the shareholders that the company’s bad resultswould not be repeated.5. Stop acting like a baby! Pull yourself together!6. Being very much a private man, he does not confide in anyone.7.We all hate the terrorists’ indiscriminate violence against ordinary people.8.Many people in this country are alarmed by the dramatic increase in violent crimes.9. We anticipated that the enemy would try to cross the river. That was why we destroyed thebridge.10. I am indebted to all the people who worked so hard to make the party a great success. Unit81.At Christmas people enjoy themselves very much;they visit one another and present each other with Christmas cards and presents.2.The walls of her bedroom and living room are all decorated with pictures of pop stars and film stars.3. Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly, but Tom teased her curly hair unmercifully.4.He had attained remarkable achievements which surpassed the goal he had set for himself.5. He kept crying bitterly, and I tried to persuade him not to give way to grief.6. I took it for granted that you would like to see the play, so I bought you a ticket.7.They have relegated these problems somewhere down on the priority list.8.I am going to address the letter to Donna in care of her lawyer.9. I don’t know why telling her the news brought a lump in my throat.10.Sailors signal with flags by day and with lights at night.Unit91.Towering above all others,this mountain peak commands a fine view.2.I have asked my friends to recommend a doctor who is good at treating children.3.Sophia teased Tom about his new hat mildly,but Tom teased her about her curly hair unmercifully.4. The government is determined to avoid at all costs a sharp rise in food price.5. He tried his best to save the drowning boy, but in vain.6. That old woman is always interfering in other people’s affairs.7.After having several influential papers published,he became quite distinguished in the academic world.8.Pollution is so serious in this area that the villagers can hardly find any water that is fit for drinking.9.I packed a suitcase with all the things that might be needed.10. We Chinese usually associate the Spring Festival with family reunion.Unit101.2. Many volunteers rendered a valuable service to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.3. The world economy is in a desperate situation, so all governments must take desperate measures to cope with.4.Scissors,knives,matches,and medicine must be kept beyond the reach of children.5.I always keep a sum of at least 1.000yuan on hand, in case of an emergency.6.Honest people despise lies and liars.7. It was a long time before I began to feel at home in English.8. Because of the financial recession, some of small- and medium-size enterprises are, so to speak,up to their necks in debt.9.He is a man that always mouths fine words about people to their faces and speaks ill of them behind their backs.10.I was greatly scared by the zest demonstrated by those radicals.Unit111.They hoped to save their marriage by giving birth to a child.2. Secret service men escorted the President and his family everywhere they went.3. The presidentia l candidate’s speech was often punctuated now and then by outbursts ofapplause from the audience.4. As soon as the news of victory came, there was great rejoicing all over the country.5.The tertiary industry in our country has been developing by leaps and bounds since the reform and opening drive started.6.The priest preached a sermon to the congregation on the need for charity.7.In order to/To maintain his dignity the employee didn’t kneel on his knees in front of theoverbearing boss.8.When the chairman announced the election results,the meeting hall broke into a sea of great joy,with the whole assembly clapping and cheering.9.He has a very bad reputation,for he often takes other people’s names in vain.10. The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.Unit 121. I marvel at the poet’s ability to express nuances of different feelings.2.Although you have good teachers and a favorable environment,it is your personal effort that comes into play in the success of your English studies.3.As English majors,we need to have a keen awareness of the subtle diffrences between word meaning.4. Some new policies in the educational system will be implemented next year.5. It is unfair to indentify popular culture with vulgar culture.6. He believes that a person should be noble-minded, but not money-oriented all the time.7.The Middle East is generously endowed with petroleum.8.The school authorities are holding a meeting in reference to the construction of a new gymnasium.9.But for his personal visits to the third-world countries,he would not have believed such disparity in the living standars between the rich and the poor.10.No one came to claim the welfare lottery bonus of 5 million yuan RMB,not even to the last day.Unit131. The airport authorities request that every passenger keep an eye on his/her own belongings.2.Although he was diagnosed with stomach cancer,he still took an optimistic attitude toward life.3.His teacher advised him not to eat so much junk food.4. With a high sense of responsibility, the teacher gave his life in order to save his students.5.His comrades did whatever they could for his release from the prison,and they succeeded.6.The sudden financial tsunami has stripped quite a number of people of their property.7.My secretary is looking for this or that all the time,for she is always misplacing her things.8. After drifting into the woods, he was greatly amazed at the scene in front of him.9.So far no effective remedy for the addiction to the Internet has been found.10. In view of the serious employment situation, many university graduates voluntarily go and work in the remote areas.Unit141.He possesses some fine traits:he has refined and gentle manners;he is kind and generous to others;he is always modest and prudent;and he constantly perfects his work.2.A high crime rate that doesn’t seem to drop is a reflection of an unstable society.3. It is beyond doubt that Shanghai is fast becoming another financial center.4.Such a small gym can hardly meet the needs of such a large student body,amounting to about 3000.5.A person with reason instinctively knows what should be done and what should not be done.6. Despite hardships, she persisted in her efforts to complete her university education.7.As long as you study hard and make progress constantly,your chances to succeed will multiply.8. Xiao Wang works very efficiently, because he possesses strong professional competence and, moreover, he pays particular attention to the methods he employs.9. The so-called problem teens are not born to be problems. Very likely, it is because they lack parental and school discipline.10.The President of the university displays both professional competence and excellent leadership;therefore,he is very popular among the teachers and other staff members.。

汽车专业英语课文翻译

汽车专业英语课文翻译汽车专业英语是一门涵盖广泛的学科，它涵盖了汽车工程学、汽车设计学、汽车制造学、汽车维修学等多个领域。

学习汽车专业英语是非常有必要的，因为这是一个国际化的语言，同时也是在汽车行业工作所必要掌握的技能之一。

下面是一篇汽车专业英语课文，通过对其进行翻译，可以更好地理解其中的内容。

原文：Car Engine LubricationThe importance of lubrication in the engine of a car cannot be overemphasized. Without proper lubrication, the moving parts of anengine would grind agnst each other, causing unnecessary wear and tearon the engine and ultimately leading to its premature flure.Lubrication is accomplished by an oil pump that circulates oil throughout the engine. The oil serves as a lubricant between the moving parts, reducing friction and preventing metal-to-metal contact. The oil also acts as a cooling agent, carrying away heat generated by the engine.Oil filters are used to remove impurities from the oil, which can cause damage to the engine if not removed. Over time, the oil in an engine becomes contaminated and loses its viscosity, or thickness. It is important to regularly change the oil in a car to ensure that it continues to provide proper lubrication and cooling.Synthetic oils are becoming increasingly popular for use in car engines. Synthetic oils are engineered to provide superior lubrication and are more resistant to breaking down and losing their viscosity overtime. They also provide better protection agnst wear and tear and can improve fuel efficiency.Overall, proper lubrication is essential for the longevity and performance of a car engine. Regularly changing the oil and using high-quality synthetic oils can help to ensure that a car engine remns in top condition.译文：汽车发动机润滑汽车发动机的润滑问题不可忽视。

大学英语专业精读教材第一单元课文内容与翻译

）三、①“Why school ?”I asked my father .“What have I done ?”（“我为什么要去上学？”我问父亲，“是我做错了什么吗？”）四、①“I’m not punishing you,”he said ,laughing.“School’s not a punishment. It’s a place that makes useful men out of boys. Don’t you want to be useful like your brothers?”（“我不是在惩罚你，”父亲笑着说道，“上学不是一种惩罚。

纺织专业英语部分课文英汉对照翻译

目录01课Cotton Growing棉花种植 (2)02课Cotton Properties and Uses棉纤维的特性和用途 (3)04课Wool羊毛 (4)05课Structure and Properties of Wool羊毛纤维的结构和性能 (6)06课Silk丝绸 (8)07课Flax亚麻 (10)09课Rayon人造丝 (13)12课YARNS (14)13课纱线结构和织物外观的关系 (15)21课精纺和粗纺 (16)25课络纱 (17)27课整经 (19)33 课织机 (25)40课蓬勃发展的非织造布 (31)49课染色 (33)第一课Cotton Growing棉花种植Cotton is the world's most widely used fiber. Its popularity stems from both its relative ease of production and its applicability to a wide variety of textile products. The price of cotton yarn, however, is strongly dependent upon the cost of labor, so that in the industrialized nations, where labor is expensive, cotton yarns may be relatively high priced.棉花是世界上使用最广泛的纤维。

它的流行源于它的生产及其在纺织产品广泛适用性相对容易。

棉纱价格，然而，强烈地依赖于劳动力成本，因此，在工业化的国家，那里的劳动力昂贵，棉纱可能相对较高的价格。

Until relatively recent times, however, cotton was not as widely used as wool and linen. This was because it was easier to spin wool or flax into yam because of their greater length. In addition, cotton fibers have to be separated from the seeds to which they cling. This procedure was very tedious and time-consuming when done by hand. Early machinery could be used on only the longest staple cotton. So labor costs tended to be very high.直到最近，然而，棉花是没有广泛用作羊毛和亚麻布。

专业英语(上)课文翻译

1.一般工程钢（淬火和回火钢）经过简单正火处理后的碳素钢（碳含量0.25—0.60％，最大含Mn量1.0％），广泛应用于棒条、一般工程锻件、落垂锻件中。

对于给定的材料的最佳性质组合只体现在不超过一定尺寸的组件中，对于碳钢来说，这个尺寸很小（低限制的最大截面）。

这些碳素钢经过淬火和回火后可以获得优良的拉伸强度、屈服强度、延伸性和抗冲击性。

任何一种钢都有一个最小的冷却速度以产生有效硬化。

同样，热量被淬火介质吸收的速度也会受到最大截面的影响。

虽然有可能通过淬火来硬化特定钢材的小截面，但对于同一钢材的大截面，就不一定了。

这种质量效应和尺寸效应深深地影响着用于淬火和回火的钢的选择。

对于碳素钢来说，要达到满意的硬化效果，冷却速度必须很大，因此，能进行理想热处理的钢材，截面尺寸是有限制的。

而且，在金属中发生相变的参数是其均匀性质是不能赋予给超过一定厚度的工件，因为中心和截面表面之间出在不同的冷却速度。

更进一步说，具有高拉伸强度的普通钢，通常带有相对低的屈服点，并且延展性和韧性都低。

因此，普通碳素钢仅仅可能获得中等的拉伸强度水平与合理的延展性和韧度。

因此，想获得大尺寸和高的拉伸强度的要求，就需要用一种即使在低的淬火热吸收率下也能得到有效硬化的钢。

通过使用合金钢，这些难题便迎刃而解。

通过加入合金元素，如锰、镍、铬、钼、钒，降低了使钢有效硬化的最低冷却速度，这取决于添加元素的含量或元素的组合。

此外，组件的畸变和裂纹也减少了。

多种合金元素总和的应用比单一元素更为广泛。

这是由于有很多种元素同时存在的任一截面起的效果比起有等值的单一元素存在的截面起的效果要大。

此外，某些元素具有的缺点会抵消它们的优点，这就有必要限制它们在金属中的量。

我们也能发现，某些元素组合各自所具有的优点抵消各自的缺点，同时其他优点共同起作用。

铬的单一使用会使晶粒粗化，而镍在长时间加热时也能使含碳量高的钢产生碳化。

铬能够稳定碳化物的出现，而镍帮助晶粒优化。

测绘工程专业英语课文全部翻译

Section 2 The Reliability of a Survey and Errors测量误差的可靠性Since every technique of measurement is subject to unavoidable error, surveyors must be aware of all sources and types of error and how they combine. If the accuracy of a measurement is defined as the nearness of that value to its true value (a quantity we can never know) then a surveyor must ensure that the techniques he chooses will produce a result that is sufficiently accurate. He must know, therefore, how accurate he needs to be, how to achieve this accuracy and how to check that the required accuracy has been achieved.由于每个测量技术是不可避免的误差，测量员必须知道的所有误差的来源和类型，以及它们是如何结合。

如果测量的准确性，其真正的值（我们可以永远不知道的数量）的接近程度，该值被定义为，然后测量员必须确保他选择的技术将产生一个结果，是足够精确的。

因此，他必须知道他需要的精度如何，如何实现这一目标的准确性和如何检查所要求的精度已经达到。

Accuracy requiredWhen surveying to produce a plan, the accuracy required is defined by the scale of the plot, since there should be no plottable error in the survey data. A good draughtsman can plot a length to within 0.25 mm and so, if a plan of an area is required at a scale of 1/1000, i.e., 1 mm on the plan represents 1 m on the ground, the smallest plottable distance is 0.25 m. Thus, for a survey at 1/1000 scale, all the measurements must be taken such that the relative positions of any point with respect to any other must be determined to 0.25 m or better.当测量一个平面时,精度通常是根据展图比例决定的，因为在绘图中不能有测量误差。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

ACCESS 访问the internet and the telephone system are similar—you can connect a computer to the internet much like you connect a phone to the telephone system . 互联网和电话系统是相似的你可以将计算机连接到互联网更像你将电话连接到电话系统。

once you are on the internet ,your computer becomes an extension of what seems like a giant computer-a computer that branches all over the world. 一旦你在互联网上，您的计算机变得什么看起来像一个巨大的计算机——一个计算机的扩展，世界各地的分支机构。

when provided with a connection to the internet ,you can use a browser program to search the Web. 当提供一个连接到互联网，您可以使用要搜索Web 的浏览器程序。

PROVIDERS 提供商the most common way to access the internet is through an internet service provider(ISP).访问互联网的最常见方式是通过互联网服务运营。

（因特网络提供商）the providers are already connected to the internet and provide a path or connection for individuals to access the internet.供应商已经连接到互联网并提供路径或个人能够访问互联网的连接。

your college or university most likely provides you with free access to the internet either through its local area networks or through a dial-up or telephone connection. 你的学院或大学最有可能为您提供免费接入到互联网通过其局域网络或通过拨号或电话连接。

there are also some companies that offer free internet access. 也有一些公司，提供免费上网。

the most widely used commercial internet service providers are national and wireless providers.使用最广泛的商业互联网服务提供商是国家和无线提供商。

National service providers（国家级服务商或全国服务提供商）like America Online (AOL) are the most widely used.像美国在线(AOL) 是使用最广泛的。

They provide access through standard telephone or cable connections . 他们提供访问通过标准电话或电缆连接。

Users can access the Internet from almost anywhere within the country for a standard fee without incurring long-distance telephone charges.(See Figure 2-2) 用户可以访问互联网从几乎任何地方为标准的费用在国家之内不会招致长途电话费。

(见图2-2)Wireless service providers（无线服务提供商）do not use telephone or cable lines.请不要使用电话线或电缆线路。

They provide Internet connections for computers with wireless modems and a wide array of wireless devices. 他们提供互联网连接的计算机与无线调制解调器和广泛的无线设备。

AS we will discuss in Chapter9,users connect to ISP s using one of a variety of connection technologies including dial-up,DSL,cable,and wireless modems.我们将讨论在Chapter9 中，用户将连接到Isp 使用各种包括拨号、DSL、电缆和无线调制解调器的连接技术之一。

BROWSERS (浏览器)Browsers are programs that provide access to Web resources. 浏览器提供对Web 资源访问的程序。

This software connects you to remote computers,opens and transfers files,displays text and images,and provides in one tool an uncomplicated interface to the Internet and Web documents . 此软件将您连接到远程计算机、打开和传输文件、显示的文本和图像，并提供在一个工具中的互联网和Web 文档的简单的接口。

Browsers allow you to explore ,or to surf,the Web by easily moving from one Web site to another. 浏览器允许您探索，或上网冲浪，通过轻松地移动从一个网站到另一个。

Three well-known browsers are Mozilla Firefox,Netscape Communications,and Microsoft Internet Explorer.(See Figure 2-3) 三个知名浏览器火狐浏览器、网景通讯公司和微软互联网资源管理器。

(见图2-3)For browsers to connect to resources,the location or address of the resources must be specified.These addresses are called uniform resource locators (URLS). 对于浏览器连接到资源，必须指定的位置或资源的地址。

这些地址被称为统一资源定位器(URL)。

All URLs have at least two basic parts.(See Figure 2-4.) The first part presents the protocol used to connect to the resource.AS we will discuss in Chapter9,protocols are rules for exchanging data between computers. 所有的Url 都具有至少两个基本部分。

（见图2-4）。

第一部分介绍了用于连接到该资源的协议。

我们将讨论在Chapter9 中，协议是用于计算机之间交换数据的规则。

The protocol http:// is the most widely used Web protocol.The second part presents the domain name.It is the name of the server where the resource is located.In Figure 2-4 the server is identified as .(Many URLs have additionalparts specifying directory paths,file names,and pointers.) 议定书http:// 是使用最广泛的Web 协议。

第二部分介绍的域的名称。

它是服务器的名称资源所在的位置。

在图2-4 服务器被标识为www。

mtv。

com。

（很多Url 有额外部件指定目录路径、文件名称和指针。

)The last part of the domain name following the dot(.) is the top-level domain(TLD).It identifies the type of organization. 域名后点的最后一部分（。

）是顶级的domain(TLD)。

它标识组织的类型。

For example,.com indicates a commercial site .The URL connects your computer to a computer that provides information about MTV. 例如。

com 指示一个商业网站。

URL http://www。

mtv。

com 将计算机连接到一台计算机提供信息的MTV。

Once the browser has connected to the Web site,a document file is sent back to your computer.This document typically contains Hypertext Markup Language(HTML) commands. 一旦浏览器已连接到Web 站点，一个文档文件发送回您的计算机。

这份文件通常包含超文本标记Language(HTML) 的命令。

The browser interprets the HTML commands and displays the document as a Web page. 浏览器解释HTML 命令和显示文档作为Web 页。

For example ,when your browser first connects to the Internet, it opens up to a Web page specified in the browser settings.This page presents information about the site along with references and hyperlinks or links that connect to other documents containing related information-text files graphic images,audio,and video clips.(See Figure 2-5). 例如，当您的浏览器第一次连接到互联网，它开辟了到Web 页在浏览器设置中指定。