2013年6月非英语专业硕士研究生英语测试试卷A卷(附完整(含答案))
2013年考研英语一真题及详细解答(免费)
2013年考研英语一真题Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when makingindividual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that __1__ the ability to makejudgments which are unbiased by __2___ factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that aninability to consider the big __3___ was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samlesof information they were working with. __4___ , he theorised that a judge __5___ of apperaringtoo soft __6__ crime might be more likely to send someone to prison __7___ he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To __8__ this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the __9___of an applicant should not depend on the few others __10___ randomly for interview during thesame day, but Dr. Simonsoho suspected the truth was __11___ .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews __12___by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had__13___applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale __14___ numerous factorsinto consideration. The scores were __15___ used i n conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Granduate Managent Adimssion Test, or GMA T, a standardized exam which is__16___ out of 800points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr. Simonsoho found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of intervieweeswas 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one __17___that, then the score for the nextapplicant would __18___by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to __19___the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwisehave been __20___.1. [A] grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers2. [A] minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D]success9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C orD. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada ,Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep,scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her, Priestlyexplains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found hergarment.be more out of date or at odds This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’tthree-year indictment ofwith the feverish would described in Overdressed, Eliazabeth Cline’s-market labels“fast fashion”. In the last decade or so ,advances in technology have allowed masssuch as Zara ,H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand moreprecisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit.These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last onlyand to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that –By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashioncycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution , of course ,are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a$5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wageoverseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmfulchemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like MichaelPollan’sDilemma. “Mass-produced clothing ,like fast food, fills a hunger and The Omnivore’sneed, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billiongarments a year –about 64 items per person –and no matter how much they give away, thisexcess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SarahKate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is.the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knoc Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor andthe environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believeslasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to manyadvocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only startshopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no oneknows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . Bywatching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural”those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of suchfine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sentbehavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do nottrack "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did notwant to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google'sChrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due toappear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyoneto stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whethersomeone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s d some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which itsays will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upsetGoogle, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem anobviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its otherproducts favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D] provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers[B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis[D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence[B] understanding[C] appreciaction[D] skepticismText 3Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the rangeof threats facing us, from asteroid strike to pandemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have enduredfor millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years (see "100,000 AD: Living in the deep future"). Look up Homo sapiens in the IUCN's "Red List" of threatened species, and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation, based in San Francisco, has created a forum where thinkers and scientists are invited to project the implicationsof their ideas over very long timescales. Its flagship project is a mechanical clock, buried deep inside a mountain in Texas, that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Then there are scientists who are giving serious consideration to the idea that we shouldrecognise a new geological era: the Anthropocene. They, too, are pulling the camera right backand asking what humanity's impact will be on the planet - in the context of stratigraphic time.Perhaps perversely, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science-fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy: while our species may flourish, a great many individuals may not. But we are now knowledgeable enough to mitigate many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. Thinking about our place in deep time is a good way to focus on the challenges that confront us today, andto make a future worth living in.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for ares of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and teched[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our bdief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN“Rod List”suggest that human beings on[A] a sustained species[B] the word’s deminant power[C] a threat to the environment[D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind.[D] Science, Technology and Humanity.Text 4s immigration law On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important mattereffort to upset theof the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’sbalance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions ofArizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. TheConstitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule ofNaturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona hadattempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joine d by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruledthat the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held theand Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’scongress had deliberately “occupied the field” privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status ofpeople who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to shareinformation and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with thisConstitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federalstatute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even morerobust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in hisobjection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House arg laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied withthat Arizona’sfederal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate anyotherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship andthe borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their ownresources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essenceasserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependen t on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose themost suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extrachoices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professionalsocial scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. Accordingto the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide hasswollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has thenecessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops toarificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise itsinfluence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is noradical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarlydebates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium isinterested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the communitywork contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequateamount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack offunding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programshave long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed thatsystem be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such acategory ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglectsocial science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborativeendeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including healthand demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficientenergy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considersto be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attentionfrom scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change andsocial innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , forexample , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it isabout developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . Andin Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category forsocial-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as apercentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education,non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about15%.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: theneed for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when onelooks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all theirdiversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that ofdecoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “stillto borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace,point of the turning world,” however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctlyanimal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for theseunlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind madepossible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of thehomeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of either didn’the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicitsense, to reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college , inviting him/her tobe a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at theend of the e-mail , Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)。
2013年考研英语一真题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day。
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truthwas 11 。
2013mba真题答案：英语
⽆忧考为⼴⼤考⽣整理了2013mba真题答案：英语，供⼴⼤考⽣参考： 2013mba英语答案(完整版) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming? Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there. Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on 7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive 8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn 13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear 17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification 19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail 答案： 1-5: ADBDC 6-10: BBDBA 11-15: ADCCC 16-20: CABAD 【答案详解】 1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系 [选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原⽂信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(⼀个⽆现⾦社会不太可能马上出现)，⽽⽂章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进⼊⼀个⽆现⾦社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。
2013级研究生期末考试英语试卷A - 副本-推荐下载
河北联合大学2013级研究生期末考试英语试卷(A)年级：专业：姓名__________ 分数__________题号Part I Part II Part III Part IV 合计分数阅卷人Part I Vocabulary (30%)Directions: There are thirty questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Write the correct answers on your Answer Sheet.1.Theodore Roosevelt was a ____ man; he was successful as a statesman, soldier, sportsman,explorer, and author.A. ableB. capableC. skillfulD. versatile2. The small town has ____ many changes during last 10 years.A. undergoneB. developedC. involvedD. undertaken3. The old farmer ____ his wife, living until 105 years of age.A. passedB. survivedC. lastedD. endured4. Poor eyesight is a ____ to many students.A. preventionB. backwardnessC. handicapD. shortcoming5. The wheat crop will be ____ without strong spring rains.A. decimatedB. spoiltC. decayedD. delayed6. The various parts of the essays do not adequately ____.A. dependB. interrelateC. relateD. cooperate7. Hot weather ____ the bacteria in the milk rapidly.A. reducesB. decreasesC. multipliesD. enhances8. If something very substantial is not done next month, he cannot ____ his office.A. retainB. haveC. obtainD. secure9. We sent him an invitation but he ____.A. refrainedB. declinedC. rejectedD. denied10. The lifeguard pulled the ____ body out of the pool.A. diedB. dyingC. inanimateD. weak11. If you are to be accepted as a member of the club you must ____ by its rules.A. agreeB. abideC. confirmD. conform12. ____ you dislike ancient monuments, Warrick Castle is worth a visit.A. SinceB. EvenC. IfD. Even if13. The cities were to be ____ and the population distributed in villages.A. deflatedB. reducedC. decayedD. defined14. He gave a ____ account of what has happened.A. discomfortedB. distortedC. dismissedD. discovered15. His speech ____ trouble among the workers.A. firmedB. ferriedC. fermentedD. festered16. The criminal was told he would be ____ from punishment if he said what he knew about the murder.A. impossibleB. immuneC. improbableD. imminent17. If you ___ the elastic band any more, it will break.A. takeB. graspC. strainD. hold18. The Egyptians ____ an area equal to France and Spain combined.A. inhabitB. liveC. dwellD. settle19. He is ____ considered to be a great explorer.A. after allB. everything butC. by no meansD. all but20. It was a long time before scientists could ____ the mystery of the atom.A. penetrateB. pierceC. permeateD. pervade21. The speaker was a long way ____.A. on the trackB. in the trackC. of the trackD. off the track22. The new government tried to ____ the growing discontent of the people.A. refuseB. defuseC. declineD. deduce23. The catch is how to grow rice in a dry area.A. puzzlingB. confusionC. catchD. catching24. They were surprised to see the efficiency of the ____ military machine of that country.A. well-oiledB. well arrangedC. well paidD. well equipped25. He was ____ to learn that he had been left out of the basketball team.A. informedB. upsetC. surprisingD. aware26. It is fortunate when a young man’s career goals ____ with what his parents wish for him.A. occurB. happenC. coincideD. take place27. If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs ____.A. break downB. break outC. break awayD. break in28. If your car ____ on a turnpike, wait for assistance.A. rattlesB. is wrongC. worn offD. conks out29. My pencil is ____ to a stump.A. wornB. worn downC. worn offD. worn out30. The waterfall has ____ a hole in the stone.A. worn downB. worn outC. wornD. pierced throughPart II Reading Comprehension (40%)Passage 1“My advisor wants me to call him by his first name,” many foreign graduate students in the U.S. have said. “I just can’t do it! It doesn’t seem right. I have to show my respect.”On the other hand, professors have said of foreign students, “They keep bowing and saying ‘yes, sir, yes, sir.’ I can hardly stand it! I wish they’d stop being so polite and just say what they have on their minds.”Differing ideas about formality and respect frequently complicate relationships between American professors and students from abroad, especially Asian students ( and most especially female Asian students).The professors generally prefer informal relationships (sometimes, but not always, including use of first names rather than of titles and family names) and a little acknowledgement of status differences. Many foreign students are used to more formal relationships and sometimes have difficulty bringing themselves to speak to their teachers at all, let alone address them by their given names.The characteristics of student-teacher relationships on American campuses vary somewhat , depending on whether the students involved are undergraduate or graduate students, and depending on the size and nature of the school. Graduate students typically have more intense relationships with their professors than undergraduates do; at smaller schools student-teacher relationships are typically even less formal than they are at larger schools.To say that student-teacher relationships are informal is not to say that there are no recognized status differences between the two groups. There are .But students may show their respect mainly in the vocabulary and tone of voice they use when speaking to teachers. Much of their behavior around teachers may seem to foreign students to be disrespectful. American students will eat in class, read newspapers, and assume quite informal postures. Teachers might not enjoy such behavior, but they tolerate it. Students, after all, are individuals who have the right to decide for themselves how they are going to act.31. American professors think it ______ to be addressed by their given names.A) acceptable B)disrespectful C) formal D) strange32. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A) Many foreign students keep informal relationships with their teachers.B) Many foreign students are straightforward with their teachers.C) Many foreign students prefer to be treated differently by their teachers.D) Many foreign students’ politeness makes their American professors uncomfortable.33. In the U.S., more formal relationships are typically expected between ____________.A) professors teaching graduate studentsB) graduate students at smaller universitiesC) professors and their students of scienceD) graduate students and their professors at big universities34. The term “status differences” in this passage refers to the fact that___________A) students have different age groupsB) students have different levels of performanceC) teachers are in a higher position of respectD) teachers should change their methods with different students35. American students behave as they please in class because their teachers ___________A) prefer to regard them as their friendsB) hope to make sure they are not nervousC) believe that they should be allowed to do what they likeD) concentrate more on teaching than anything elsePassage 2You and your husband/wife share many of the same points of view and basic values, but you find yourselves continually getting into arguments about significant matters.What's the problem? Is there something wrong with your partner, or the relationship?Before you blame yourself, you should be aware that these arguments may simply be caused by differences in your conversational style, or in how you approach a conversation. According to Deborah Tannen, author of the best-selling book You Just Don't Understand, men and women view the world differently, and as a result, they speak and hear things differently."A man sees the world," says Tannen, "as a hierarchical (分等级的) social order in which he's either one up or one down. In this world," she explains, "conversations are negotiations in which people try to achieve and maintain the upper hand if they can, and protect themselves from others' attempts to put them down and push them around."Women, on the other hand, view the world as a network of connections. "In this world," notes Tannen, "conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support. They try to protect themselves from others' attempts to push them away."“These different perspectives are established in childhood. Boys and girls grow up in different ‘worlds of words’,” Explains Tannen. “They’re talked to differently and take different conversational styles as a result.” These different conversational styles continue throughout our adult lives and can lead to a lot of misunderstandings.“Learning about these differences won’t make them go away,” says Tannen. But it can help men and women accept them and understand that each style is valid. It can also help men and women stop blaming themselves and each other when misunderstandings occur, and understand that what seems like bad intentions may actually be good intentions expressed in a different conversational style.36. This passage is written to make the point that ________.A) men and women share the same basic valuesB) men should be blamed for most of the arguments at homeC) appropriate conversational styles are difficult to learnD) different conversational styles may result in misunderstandings37. Judging from Deborah Tannen’s words, it seems that_______.A) men tend to compete with others more than womenB) men are more easygoing than womenC) women tend to live in a world of their ownD) women are more easily hurt than men38. It can be concluded from the passage that a conversational style is formed if one______.A) lives in a particular environment for a long timeB) argues with other people frequentlyC) spends time learning a particular style by painstaking effortsD) tries hard to avoid misunderstandings39. Knowing the differences in conversational styles can help people_________.A) avoid mistakes in their conversationsB) understand each other betterC) tolerate other people’s faultsD) talk more clearly and effectively40. So far as conversational styles are concerned, in the writer’s opinion, ________.A) women’s style is better B) men’s style is betterC) neither is better than the other D) children have the best style because they have none Passage 3Elizabeth's father died when she was nine. Her family was large, and very poor. She struggled for self esteem, but it was difficult when her clothes weren't as nice as the other kids and her new school was still unfamiliar.During a math lesson, Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard and was struggling to understand a concept. With every stroke of the chalk, she became more confused. She had suffered from chronic ear infections (感染), and had missed many days of her fifth grade year. When she finally got the courage to raise her little hand and ask Mr. Thompson how the problem was done, he became very angry. He marched her up in front of the class and told this insecure child that she was "incapable of learning and extremely stupid."This remark plagued (使......困扰）Elizabeth for years.Elizabeth drifted into marriage. After discovering her husband's long time infidelity (不忠），she found herself divorced with three young daughters. She moved back to her home state and tried to pick up the pieces she had left behind.Knowing that she would be the sole support of these children, and having no desire toremarry, Elizabeth started college. Like most good mothers, she wanted the best for her children. She didn't want to deprive them of their mother. She would rise early and stay up late to get every spare minute she could to study.When she received her first "A" she was confused. She thought there must be some mistake. This was Elizabeth, Elizabeth the stupid. When her good grades piled up, she realized for the first time that maybe Mr. Thompson was wrong. She graduated from Brigham Young University, and will soon be receiving her master's degree at California State University in San Bernardino.41. The reason why Elizabeth stared at the chalkboard was that________.A) she had ear infections and could not hear very wellB) she was still overwhelmed by the death of her fatherC) too much homework had made her tired and sickD) what the teacher wrote was beyond her understanding42. Mr. Thompson can be best described as a teacher who was________.A) dull and stupid B) impatient and cruelC) strict with his students D) incapable of making himself understood43. We can learn from the passage that Elizabeth started college because she__________.A) was not a very responsible motherB) needed to be able to support her childrenC) knew she could achieve great success in collegeD) wanted her children to have an educated mother44. Why was Elizabeth confused when she got her first "A"?A) Because she believed that it was a mistake.B) Because she had not studied hard enough.C) Because she felt hurt by other people's comments.D) Because she did not trust her teacher.45. Elizabeth's case shows that_________.A) people can overcome a negative self-image through hard workB) a student can achieve great success even though he or she is stupidC) people who suffer a lot are more likely to work hard and succeed in the end.D) poor children can also receive the best education and rise high in lifePassage 4Keeping out of trouble in marriage by staying quiet is an excellent piece of advice. For example, don't say to your wife, "You forgot to salt the food." You can quietly salt it yourself, as you will not be gaining anything by criticizing your wife. Don't say, "You are always going to your parents, instead of being at home." Instead, if it bothers you, do something interesting with your wife, so that she will want to stay at home.A wife can also cause damage by saying things thoughtlessly. For example, if she says,"Can you stop reading the newspaper and speak to me?" it hurts her husband. Instead, she can get his attention by showing him some affection or telling him something that will interest him. Saying to her husband, "Why do you always leave such a mess after yourself?" only breeds resentment (怨恨) and makes matters worse. Instead of that, she can say, "It would be so great if you would help me by organizing your stuff after you finish." If he has a habit that he cannot change, it is better not to mention it at all, but to learn to live with it, since every word will only aggravate (加剧) the problem more.Most arguments in marriage occur when one spouse expresses a negative opinion of the other. Do not forget that anything you say is well-remembered by your spouse and can cause great damage to your marriage. It is not possible to take back the sting of hurtful words once they have been said; therefore it is much wiser not to say them in the first place.It is always right to praise your spouse. Try to find something nice to say every day. Such words strengthen the bond between a couple, since they show that you care for one another.Saying the right words to your spouse is very important. You very seldom go wrong if you think carefully before you speak.46. In order to keep out of trouble in marriage, one should______.A) point out any mistake one's spouse has madeB) avoid using hurtful wordsC) salt the food oneselfD) stay at home most of the time47.To stop his wife from going to her parents too frequently, the best thing a husband can do is______.A) try to do more housework B) never say anything wrongC) talk to her parents D) do something interesting with her48. To avoid conflict with her husband, it is suggested that the wife_____.A) learn to live with her husband's bad habitB) help her husband in his workC) live away from home for a short whileD) discuss everything with her husband49. The reason why one should not express a negative opinion of his or her spouse is that_____.A) it is very often ignored B) it is actually quite uselessC) nobody can tolerate a negative opinion from othersD) anything that has been said can not be taken back50. To strengthen the bond between a couple, both the husband and the wife should_____.A) praise rather than criticize each otherB) tell frankly what they think of each otherC) find time to talk to each other as often as possibleD) do everything possible to please each otherPart III Cloze (15%)Choose a proper word from the list to fill in each blank in the following passage. Change the form of the word if necessary.before depict than not respect marvel at when from used suffer announce as beneath enjoy nearly so longLate next century, when scholars are scripting the definitive history of the PC, these last few years of high-octane growth may actually ___51___ as the Dark Ages. Historians will ___52___ how we toiled in front of monolithic, beige BUBs (big ugly boxes), ___53___ under the oppressive glare of cathode-ray tubes while our legs scraped against the 30-pound towers ___54___ our desks.They may also mark 1999 ___55___ the start of the PC renaissance, ___56___ manufacturers finally started to get it; design matters. This holiday season, computer shoppers will ___57___ unprecedented variety in shapes, sizes and colors ------ and not just in Apple’s groundbreaking line of translucent iMascs and iBooks. ___58___ every major PC maker now has innovative desktop designs on the way to market, ___59___ hourglass-sculpted towers to flat-panel displays with all the processing innards packed into the base. Among industrial designers, who still think the PC has a long way ___60___ you’ll want to display it on your mantle, the only question is, what took ___61___? “The PC industry has ridiculed design for a long time,” says Hartmut Esslinger, founder of Frog Design. “They ___62___ their customers and have underestimated their desires.”PC makers are finally catching on ------ and it’s partly out of desperation. Manufacturers ___63___ used to sell computers by trumpeting their techno bells and whistles, like processor speed and memory. But since ever-faster chips have given us more power on the desktop ___64___ we could ever possibly use, computer makers have been competing on price ------ a strategy that has dropped most units below $1,000 and slashed profits. Last week IBM limped from the battlefield, ___65___ it would pull its lagging Aptiva line from store shelves and sell only on the Web. Competing only on price “made an industry shakeout inevitable”, says Nick Donatiello, president of the marketing-research firm Odyssey.Part IV Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words according to the following situation:With the development of computer technology, translation of language by machines is highly developed in our current society therefore, some people think it is not necessary for students to learn a foreign language. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the opinion? Give your reasons.。
2013年考研英语（一、二）阅读理解真题及答案解析
Section I Reading Comprehension(英语一)Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feveri sh would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline‘s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that–and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdres sed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment –including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion. [D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closes t in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim ―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertise rs to:[A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers [D] provide better online services27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D] internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads[B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers[D] goes against human nature[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence [B] understanding[C] appreciation [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN‘s ―Red List‖ suggest that human be ing are[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world‘s dominant power[D] a misplaced race[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet‘s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona‘s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration‘s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the fou r contested provisions of Arizona‘s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to ―establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ‖and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court‘s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately ―occupied the field‖ and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal‘s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. That‘s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as ―a shocking assertion of federal executive power‖. The White House argued that Arizona‘s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disa grees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did s o. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn‘t want to carry out Congress‘s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona‘s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers‘ duty to withhold immigrants ‗information.[B] States‘ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States‘ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress‘s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states‘ interests.[C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states‘ support.[C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Section II Reading Comprehension（英语二）Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER S HEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled ―Making It in America‖, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,‖ a man and a dog. The man is there to f eed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.‖Davidson‘s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won‘t earn you what it used to. It can‘t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find theirextra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‘s been a acceleration. As Davidson notes,‖ In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances [B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills [D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software [B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle [D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution [B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization [D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect [B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over [D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic include settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 millio n departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, ―uccelli di passaggio,‖ birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don‘t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the newbirds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to so lve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‘s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 ―Birds of passage‖ refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic. [B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foreign temporarily. [D]find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories. [B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges. [D]has been fixed via political means.28 According to the author, today‘s birds of passage wa nt___[A] financial incentives. [B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs. [D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners. [B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance. [D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the most title?[A] come and go: big mistake. [B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk. [D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‘t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at theUniversity of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‘re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly ―thin slice‖ information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ―thick sliced‖ long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemp lating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn‘t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative [B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous [D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression [B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act [D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment [B]‗‗thin sliced ‘‘study[C] sensible explanation [D] adequate information35. The author‘s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant [B] uncertain[C] optimistic [D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe‘s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Com mission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?―Personally, I don‘t like quotas,‖ Reding said recently. ―But i like what the quotas do.‖ Quotas get action: they ―open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,‖ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‘s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‘t like quotas eit her; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much ―soft pressure ‖ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule. If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‘s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead [B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed [D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‘s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance [B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‘s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions [B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family [D] anticipate legal results39. The author‘s attitude toward Reding‘s appeal is o ne of _________.[A] skepticism [B] objectiveness[C] indifference [D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice [B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies [D] greater ―soft pressure‖Section I Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121．【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。
2013年考研英语真题及解析
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her. Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 . 1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers 2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external 3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment 4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all 5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless 6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for 7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless 8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test 9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success 10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise 12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured 13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged 14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took 15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced 17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below 18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard 20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace. The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals. Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it. 21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her [A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion. [C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination. 22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste. [B] shut out the feverish fashion world. [C] resist the influence of advertisements. [D] shop for their garments more frequently. 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to [A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance. 24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph? [A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists. [B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability. [C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments. [D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing. 25. What is the subject of the text? [A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle. [B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth. [C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry. [D] Exposure of a mass-market secret. Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy. In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests. On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default. It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway. Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple? 26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to: [A] ease competition among themselves [B] lower their operational costs [C] avoid complaints from consumers [D]provide better online services 27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to: [A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors [C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers 28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default [A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry [C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature 29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6? [A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose [B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers [D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of: [A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticism Text 3 Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all. Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to. But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline." So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence . Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future. But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come. 31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by [A] our desire for lives of fulfillment [B] our faith in science and technology [C] our awareness of potential risks [D] our belief in equal opportunity 32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are [A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment [C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race 33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5? [A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. [B] Technology offers solutions to social problem. [C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise. [D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive. 34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to [A] explore our planet’s abundant resources [B] adopt an optimistic view of the world [C] draw on our experience from the past [D] curb our ambition to reshape history 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Uncertainty about Our Future [B] Evolution of the Human Species [C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind [D] Science, Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states. In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones. Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers. However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts. The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with . Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim. 36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they [A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers. [B] disturbed the power balance between different states. [C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law. [D] contradicted both the federal and state policies. 37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4? [A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law. [C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement. [D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement. 38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts [A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests. [C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states. 39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement [A] outweighs that held by the states. [B] is dependent on the states’ support. [C] is established by federal statutes. [D] rarely goes against state laws. 40. What can be learned from the last paragraph? [A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress. [B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion. [C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. [D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues. Part B Directions:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000. Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction . Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed” or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____ When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful. The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate. The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems. [A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs. [B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords. [C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies. [D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones. [E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development . [G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%. Part B: (10 points) Section III Translation 46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points) Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression. One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand. Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basiclevel, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms. Section III Writing Party A 51 Directions: Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest. You should include the details you think necessary. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) Part B: (20 points) Part B 52 Directions: Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should (1) describe the drawing briefly, (2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
研究生学位英语考试2013年6月真题
GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJUN1613)考试注童事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper O ne)包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（PaperTwo)包括翻译与写作两部分,共3题。
二、试卷一（题号1-80)为客观评分题（听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B]杩[Dh三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET I I上。
答题前^请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效<>五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，釆用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部 分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟f每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无 误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end 讨 each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best anmerfromthef°ur choices S>ven by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe sqmre brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1 ‘ A, The manager will ask Jack to leave,B. The manager will make Jack work overnight.C The m eager will make things difficult for Jack.D. The manager will dismiss Jack from his position.2. A. He serves as a good example for his son.B. He depends on his son for a living.C. He is quite interested in fashion.D. He is very strict with his son.3. A. She will go if it doesn’t rain.B. She will go regardless of the weatherC. She will go if she has enough money,D. She will go if she has time.4‘ A. The author of the book is a great thinker,B. The author s point of view is ambiguous.C. The woman should read the book again and again.D. The woman didn t understand the book correctly,5. A. It reminds him of someone with that name.B. That name sounds familiar.C_ The girl used to be his best friend.D. He has never heard that name before.6. A. It is too early to worry about it.B. It will be the best result ever.C. It is no use worrying about it.D. It is too late to worry about it,7. A. Stock trading is highly risky,B. Stock trading is very interesting.C. Stock trading is easy if you know how,D. Stock trading is not so easy as the man thinks.8. A. He never liked the committee,B, He was fired by his boss.C He was in a difficult situation.D. He didn’t resign from the committee at all9. A. The man’s feelings are not reliable.B. The man doesn’t have sufficient evidence.C. Mike didn’t say anything bad about the man.D. Mike has said something bad about the man.Section B (1 point e ach)Directions：In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of e ach talk, there will be som e questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause' During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer SheelMini-talk on e10- A. Lack of basic education in many developing countries.B. Effective methods of teaching in developing countries.C Important skills to be learned in developing countries.D. Causes of poverty in many developing countries.11. A, One in two.B. One in four.C. One in five.D. One in eight.12. A. Going to boarding schools.B. Going to schools far from home.C- Receiving education in cities,D. Learning through TV or computers. Mini-talk T w o13. A. It was optimistic,C. It was startling,B. It was pessimistic. D* It was worrisome.14. A. It was hard to estimate.C. It was on the decline.B, It remained unchanged. D, It was on the rise.15. A. 20 % of all deaths.C. Almost one million.B. 25 % of all deaths, D, Nearly 12million.Section C (1 point e ach)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture‘ Y o u will hear the recording twice. After the recording you areasked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. Y o u now have 25 seconds toread the notes below,(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. The aim of the IB programs is to help the students develop the skills to live, learn and work ina_____________(two words) world,17‘ High school students have to ^.(three words), pass exams and write a twenty-page paper to earn an IB diploma.18. These IB diploma students can also attend.■ (two words).19. The conference was meant as a way for students not only to learn about the environment，butalso to develop______________(two words).20. The 17-year-old student said they had to _conference..(three words) to present to thePART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Them are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD, Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.21. New European legislation will come into effect shortly regarding the equal treatment of men andwomen in insurance,A. soonB. closely C, briefly D, abruptly21 Those who are motivated tend to have clear goals and persist in the face of defeat or failure.A. for the sake ofB. by means ofC. in spite ofD. on account of23. Once these people seize power, they will abuse it，casting aside their beliefs and brutalizing theirfellow citizens.A. advocatingB. discardingC. innovating D, reinforcing24. What I did for Mother that day was small, but it helped deepen the special bond between us.A. barrierB. rivalryC. tieD. collaboration25. The analyst warns investors that an appealing idea does not necessarily make for a good fund.A. attractive B, acute C. abundant D. apparent26. Smith and I studied under the same supervisor, worked together, and forged a lifelong friendship.A. pledgedB. produced C, assessed D. dispersed27. Psychologists have stated that negative thinldng can consume your life and cause problems,A. patriotismB. heroismC. optimismD. pessimism28. When George H,W. Bush graduated from Yale in 1948, most assumed he would head to WallStreet.A. make forB. excel inC. dispose of D, compete against29. It is extremely difficult or even impossible to work out the risk of occasional passive smoking.A, eliminate B. convert C. exercise D, calculate30. The levels of PM2.5 in Beijing are by far the worst since the government began releasing figureson PM2.5 particles.A. over a large areaB. according to most peopleC. by a considerable marginD. until the present momentSection B (0.5 point e a c h)Directions: T h e re are te n questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are f our w ords or p hrases marked A, B’ C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best com pletes the se n te n c e, Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across th e square brackets on your m achine-scored A nsw erS h e e t.31. Although a man of______birth, Abraham Lincoln managed to be one of the greatest presidentsin American history.A. feebleB. nobleC. edibleD. humble32. Concerned about the future of the country, the new president had a clear______of where to leadit,A. visionB. recollectionC. fantasyD. image33. Doctors and researchers have to keep themselves______c m the latest developments in theirsphere of study.A. convincedB. humiliated C, updated D. isolated34. Heavy______to environmental tobacco smoke at work has been shown to double the risk oflung cancer.A* contact B. touch C, exposure D. encounter35. PM2.5 particles are thought particularly damaging to health because they can______deep intothe lungs.A, dig B. penetrate C. elevate D. dive36. It seems that countries with the highest regular chocolate intake per person have a______greater number of Nobel Prize winners,A, previously B. proportionally C. psychologically D, purposefully 37. Pets are______providing not only companionship to humans, but health benefits to many aswell.A. credited with B, prohibited from C, accused of D. ascribed to38. If you’re making a conscious effort to______lies, experts suggest seeking like-minded, honest folkA. get down toB. be crazy aboutC. cut back onD. look up to39. The Bush administration lifted sanctions on Pakistan and helped fund counter-terrorism operations______her cooperation.A. in regard to B* in comparison with C. in the eyes of D. in return for40. The plot of some TV series focusing on military intelligence collection is______complicated______almost defy belief.Directions: T h ere are 10 questions in this part of the te s t. Read the passage through. T h en, go back m d choose咖suitabk word or phrase marked A, B, C, or Dfor each blank inthe paSSage- Mark the responding letter of the won! or phrase you have chosenwith a Sin^le bar卯腿加 square brackets on your machine-scored Answer S heet.Ttoe are two primary causes of traffic accidents, those that are caused by the driver and those that are environmental and outside toe driver's control. —41— environmental issues like weather or poor road maintenance may cause an accident, statistically these are far less likely to do so. Driver ―郎 prove to be the main cause of accidents. The most —42— distractions are looking at traffic, crashes and roadside incidents. While it is widely believed that cell phones are a greater cause, C e l1 ph°neS °nly —43— skth m list. J4—, laws to limit cell phone use while driving do not decrease accidents. Hands-free phones are —45— than hand-held devices.Alcoho] was a factor in at least 41 percent of all fatal crashes. Alcohol —46— affects vision, reaCti0n time md attention of the and decreases overall driving performance. Fatigues —47— 100,000 vehicle crashes per year, killing _48— 1,500 people and injuring 71,000 people. Accidents caused by fatigue are particularly —49— for truck drivers and others taking long-haul driving trips. Speeding is another major cause of traffic accidents, particularly for younger or newer drivp.r« TWtlu ctra mnra1U,一__J ... .i...PART n i CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. A. However42. A, instructive43. A. come about44. A. In fact45. A. more safer46. A. adversely47. A. stands for48. A, as soon as49. A* rare50. A, situated in were speeding at the time of the crash.Bt Because C. If D. WhileB. disruptiveC. descriptiveD. constructive B. come across C. come on D ‘ come inB- For example C. Even so D, By contrast B. not so safe C. no more safe D. no longer safeB. scarcely C’ favorablyD. affectionately B* compensates for C. runs for D. accounts for B- as long as C. as many as D. as much as B, necessary C. populous D, prevalentB- involved in C. indulged inD. engaged inPART ^READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point e a c h)D— ln thisPart °flhe啤thm arefive short passages. Read each passage carefully, and ^en加Questions that f ollow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices givenand mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets onyour machine-scored Answer Sheet.P a ssa g e OneEveryone knows about straight-A students. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull and diligent students, their noses always stuck in a book. How, then, do we account for Paul Melendres? Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was 伽ient-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. Hejoined the soccer and basketball teams of his school, exhibited at the science fair, was chosen for the National Honor Society and he achieved straight A’s in all his classes.How do super-achievers like Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only 咖wer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students；1 declares Herbert Walberg, professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students.“Knowing how to make the most of your innate abilities counts for more. Infinitely more."Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open，”said one of the many A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you're sitting” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.Set priorities. Ibp students brook no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up，phone calls go unanswered，TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation,Study anywhere-or everywhere. A cross-country runner who worked out every day used the time to memorize biology terms. Another student posted a vocabulary list by the medicine cabinet and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth.Get organized. In high school, McCray ran track, played rugby and was in the band and orchestra. “I was so busy, I couldn't waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says.Among the students we interviewed, study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked Jate at night when the house was quiet. Others awoke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency,5L Which of the following statements might Herbert Walberg agree with?A. High IQ alone may not be the guarantee of top grades.B. A super-achiever has to devote all his spare time to study.C. Innate abilities do not make much difference to your grades.D. The brighter the students, the greater their chances of success.52. In Paragraph Three, the author stresses the importance of_______A. PracfceB. disciplineC. efficiency D, carefulness53‘Top students brook no intrusions on study time" (Para, 5) means that they_____A. never ask any questions while studyingB, don’t want other people to tell them how to studyC‘ consider study more important than anything elseD. don’t allow other things to interrupt their study54. What tips might McCray offer to other students?A. Join a school organization.B. Put things in their right places*C‘ Study anywhere at any timeD. Learn as much as you can.55. What can we learn about study times from the last paragraph?A. Study times can be adjusted every day.B. Study times vary from person to person.C. There are no best study times for a student.D_ Study times are crucial for academic excellence.56. What is the topic of the passage?A. Grades and education.B. Hard work in high schools.C‘ Balancing study and play, D. Secrets of top students‘Passage TwoCleaning clothes usually requires soap and water to remove stains and smells, and a tumble 丨n the dryer or an afternoon on the clothesline to dry. The time and energy needed to turn a heap of dirty laundry into a pile of clean clothes might make people wish for clothes that just clean themselves.That wish is a step closer to coming true. Recent experiments show that cotton fabric coated with the right mixture of chemicals can dissolve stains and remove odors after only a few hours in the sun. “The technology can be applied to all kinds of fabrics and their related products，” says materials scientist Mingce Long. He helped develop the treated cotton with his colleague Deyong Wu.The handy fabric gets its self-cleaning abilities from a chemical mixture that coats the cotton threads. The coating includes substances known as photocatalysts, which trigger chemical reactions in light. One of those photocatalysts, called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛)，helps sunscreen block the sun. Another, called silver iodide (破化银)，is used for developing photographs.Researchers have previously shown that titanium dioxide mixtures could remove stains in clothes — but with exposure to ultraviolet, not visible, light. (The waves of ultraviolet light are more energetic and shorter than those of visible light) Other studies have demonstrated that silver iodide can speed up chemical reactions in sunlight*“We knew that self-cleaning cotton fabrics with titanium dioxide coating had already been developed, but they cannot work, or they work weakly, under sunlight,” Long says. “If we want to use the fabrics in daily life, we must develop cotton that cleans itself under daylight." Long and Wu created just such a fabric, working for years to perfect the recipe for a liquid dip that left cotton coated with the titanium dioxide mixture. Then they added particles of silver iodide, which boosted the fabric’s self-cleaning ability in the sun. In laboratory tests, their creation was nearly seven times better at removing stains than titanium dioxide alone,The scientists can’t start selling their self-cleaning cotton just yet; they still need to make sure the coated cotton won’t harm those who wear it. Although titanium dioxide is used in some foods, recent experiments have shown that it can cause health problems if it gets in the lungs. So before the material can be worn, scientists need to find a way to make it safe,57. The materials developed by Mingce Long can clean themselves by_______.A. being soaked in a mixture of chemicalsB. being exposed only to ultraviolet lightC being exposed to sunlight for a few hoursD, being hung in high-temperature environments58* The research conducted by Long and his colleagues_______■A. is based on previous studiesB* has caused a debate among scientistsC. is pioneer work in a new fieldD. poses a challenge to other scientists59. Long’s major concern over the self-cleaning materials is whether________A. their cleaning ability can lastB. it is safe to wear themC‘ their cleaning effect is satisfactoryD. it is cost-effective to produce them60. We can learn from the laboratory tests that their research_______.A. has left much to be desiredB. has yet to produce convincing resultsC. will yield huge economic benefitsD. can be considered a success61. It can be learned from the last paragraph that self-cleaning clothes_______•A. prove to be better than expectedB. are still at the experimental stageC. will soon be put into the marketD. may produce more harms than benefits62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. The effectiveness of self-cleaning fabrics.B. The application of self-cleaning technology.C. The development of self-cleaning materials.D. The necessity of self-cleaning clothes.P a ssa g e T h re eTHE digital attack of e-books and Amazon-style e-tailers has put bookstores at risk. Digital books are expected to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain and even sooner in America. With this change, physical bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore? This is a burning questicm on everyone's lips at a recent event at Foyles’s flagship bookshop in London.To remain successful, a bookstore must improve l*the experience of buying books’” says Alex Lifschutz, an architect, He suggests an array of approaches: “small, quiet spaces sheltered with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one can hear talks from authors about books." Exteriors must buzz with activity, entrances must be full of eye-catching presentations. The trend for not only incorporating cafes in bookstores but also placing them on the top floor makes good sense. This draws shoppers upwards floor-by-floor, which is bound to encourage people to linger longer and spend more.There are plenty of ways to delight customers. The consensus is that bookstores need to becomecultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. As shoppers often browse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege.A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like (hose offered by museums and other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to events and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students.To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digital, self-printed and so on. Readers should have the option of buying e-books in-store, and budding authors should have access to self-printing book machines, an important source of revenue in America.The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalized, (he inventory expertly selected, spaces well-designed and the cultural events appealing. Whether bookstores are up to the challenge is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliff-hanger.63. The first paragraph implies that without effective countermeasures_______.A. books on physics will die out soonB. printed books will outnumber e-booksC. no bookstores can survive digitalizationD. traditional bookstores will be short-lived64. The main idea of the second paragraph is that_______.A. the layout and atmosphere will be vital for bookstoresB. future bookstores should provide quick servicesC. advertising is critical to sales at future bookstoresD. bookstores should provide drinks on each floor65. All of the following are approaches suggested to boost sales EXCEPT_______.A. widening the range of servicesB. adopting the membership schemeC. issuing reward cards to customersD. making bookstores recreational66* The underlined word “celebrate” as is used in this passage probably means ______.A. spendB. observe C, commemorate D. embrace67. The last paragraph of this passage is concerned with______fA. current difficulties facing bookstoresB. challenges facing bookstores of the futureC. great opportunities for various bookstoresD. the easily achievable goal of future bookstores68. This passage can be best entitled 一_____.A. E-Publish or PerishB. Never Too Old to ReadC. The Future of the BookstoreD. Lower Value of Physical BooksP a s sa g e FourLong before the iPhone made him the god of gadgets, Steve Jobs launched his tech career by hacldng land lines to make free long-distance calls. Bob Dylan’s band, the Golden Chords, lost a high-school talent competition to a tap dancing act. Behind every success story is an embarrassing first effort, a stumble, a setback or a radical change of direction. It’s these first clumsy steps on the road to fame and fortune that fascinate writer Seth Fiegerman, who edits the blog , a collection of case studies on the origins of famous careers.“When you see someone who's very successful, you almost imagine that it was an inevitable conclusion, that they’re a genius, that they were destined for great things,” says Fiegerman, who began the blog in 2009, after an early setback in his own career. “I think the big takeaway is failure and setbacks, far from being uncommon, are in many ways essential.，’After Fiegerman, now 26, graduated from New York University in 2008，he landed a first job as a research editor at Playboy magazine. But he had worked there for just half a year when management announced that most of the staff would soon be laid off. As unemployment loomed, Fiegerman felt adrift. He began to explore the Playboy archives, discovering a valuable wealth of interviews with celebrities ranging from Marlon Brando to Malcolm X. Many of these successful people shared tales of their less promising early days, and Fiegerman quickly became obsessed with these origin stories.He began reading biographies with great interest and requesting interviews with writers and musicians he admired, using the blog to document the fits and starts that began the careers of the famous and the infamous. Success, he learned, was less a matter of innate talent and more the product of perseverance, a willingness to stumble and stand up again and again.“You kind of assume that great geniuses [are] like Mozart," Fiegerman says. But few successful people were children of highly unusual talent and these children don’t necessarily find success, “Most people don’t stick to it ”Like his subjects, Fiegerman found that his own early setback wasn’t permanent. He landed a new job in journalism, and today he works at the tech news website Mashable, covering, appropriately enough, start-up businesses. While he has less time for the blog, he hopes his collection of origin stories will help other young people realize it’s OK to fail.69. Steve Jobs and Bob Dylan are mentioned to show that .A. success is hard to achieve for most ordinary peopleB. successful people share certain good qualitiesC a good beginning is important for a successful careerD. setbacks are nothing unusual in successful careers70- The underlined word “takeaway” (Para. 2) probably means “ ’，.A. a point to be rememberedB* a threat to your good healthC_ some food to be eaten elsewhereD. a barrier to a successful career71. Fiegerman became interested in the origin stories_______A. while he was working for a magazineB. after he was laid off by a magazineC. after he set up a news websiteD. when he was creating his blog72. According to Fiegerman, which of the following is critical to success?A. Patience.B. Intelligence.C. Persistence.D. Opportunity.73. Fiegerman’s purpose in creating the blog is to_______.A. introduce new strategies to deal with setbacksB. encourage people to see failure in perspectiveC. advise people on how to start new businessesD‘ share the success stories of famous people74. Which is probably the best title for the passage?A. Tips for A Successful CareerB. Success Is Not EverythingC. All Roads Lead to RomeD. Failure Is the Mother of SuccessP a s s a g e F iveThe scandal at Harvard University in which authorities are investigating whether nearly half of a class of 279 students cheated on a take-home final exam raises a number of questions, including this: Does everybody cheat?“ Dozens of Harvard University students may have wrongly shared answers on a final exam, an unprecedented" case of suspected academic dishonesty. Sanctions for students found guilty of cheating include leaving Harvard for a year.Harvard, like most U.S. colleges and universities, has never had an honor code, although the Associated Press reports that it is giving “renewed consideration" to the idea as a result of the scandal.So, does everybody cheat?Not quite, but studies show that most students cheat at one time or another.A survey of 40,000 high school students found that more than half of teenagers said they had cheated on a test m Ihe previous year, and 34 percent said they had done it more than twice. One-third of the students said that they had plagiarized an assignment with the help of the Internet.The consequences for the country may be significant. A 2009 study about the relationship between high school attitudes and behavior and later adult conduct found that people who cheated on exams in high school two or more times are more likely to be dishonest later in life than those who never cheated in high school.Meanwhile, we've seen successive scandals involving cheating by the adults in school 一 teachers and principals — as a result of the growing importance of standardized tests. As the stakes associated with the scores have risen — the tests are used to gauge not only student achievement, but also teacher effectiveness, school and district quality ~ more people have taken desperate measures to ensure better scores. Not an excuse, just an explanation.Modem technology makes cheating much easier. Cheating cases have been documented in 30 states over the past three academic years. Some students, including those at virtual schools, sometimes put entire quizzes on the Internet, and the same exams are used repeatedly by teachers.Back at Harvard, a culture of cheating persists, here's a lot of pressure internally and externally to succeed at Harvard, and when kids who are not used to failing feel these things, it can really bend their eliiics in ways I didn't expect to see，” author Eric Kester told ABC News,75. The word “unprecedented，，is used in Paragraph Two to emphasize that—____,A. the causes of these cases of cheating had remained a mysteryB. such large-scale cheating was something unheard of at HarvardC. there had never been any cheating at Harvard beforeD. such cases of cheating had been left unreported by the media。
2013考研英语一真题及答案
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1. [A] grants [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2. [A] minor [B] objective [C] crucial [D] external3. [A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4. [A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5. [A] fond [B] fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6. [A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C] share [D] test9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable——meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, andwasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in ener gy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill.[B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion.[D] lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation.[B] enthusiasm.[C] indifference.[D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted—the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural” ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a“do not track” (DNT) option to internet browsers, so that users could tell advertisers that they did not want to be followed. Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Apple’s Safari both offer DNT; Google’s Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft set off the row. It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear with windows 8, would have DNT as a default.Advertisers are horrified. Human nature being what it is, most people stick with default settings. Few switch DNT on now, but if tracking is off it will stay off. Bob Liodice, the chief executive of the Association of National Advertisers, says consumers will be worse off if the industry cannot collect information about their preferences. People will not get fewer ads, he says. “They’ll get less meaningful, less targeted ads.”It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on advertising, it has chosen an indirect method: There is no guarantee that DNT by default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8—though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google’s on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft’s chief privacy officer, blogged: “We believe consumers should have more control.” Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in P aragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to[A] ease competition among themselves.[B] lower their operational costs.[C] avoid complaints from consumers.[D] provide better online services.27. “The industry” (Line 6, Para.3) refers to[A] online advertisers.[B] e-commerce conductors.[C] digital information analysis.[D] internet browser developers.28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default.[A] may cut the number of junk ads.[B] fails to affect the ad industry.[C] will not benefit consumers.[D] goes against human nature.29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose.[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT.[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers.[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads.30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of[A] indulgence.[B] understanding.[C] appreciation.[D] skepticism.Text 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely —though by no means uniformly —glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years — so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the “Red List” of threatened species of t he International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has as its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment.[B] our faith in science and technology.[C] our awareness of potential risks.[D] our belief in equal opportunity.32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are[A] a sustained species.[B] a threat to the environment.[C] the world’s dominant power.[D] a misplaced race.33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources.[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world.[C] draw on our experience from the past.[D] curb our ambition to reshape history.35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday—a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution, the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization” and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial. Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Ke nnedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held that Congress had deliberately “occupied the field,” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice—Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas—agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute. The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia, who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the Alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Ju stice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as “a shocking assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities, even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter. In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could.It never did so.The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do s o either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections: In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing. As of 2005, there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010, the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource is not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security, sustainable development and health.(41) . Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger, from genetically engineered crops to artificial fertilizers. Here, too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42) . This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter: there is no radical innovation without creative destruction.Today, the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates, rather than on topics with external impact. Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental change”or “climate change”have increased rapidly since 2004. (43) .When social scientists do tackle practical issues, their scope is often local: Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium, for example. And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding. (44) . This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better. The European Union Framework funding programs have long had acategory specifically targeted at social scientists. This year, it was proposed that system be changed: Horizon 2020, a new program to be enacted in 2014, would not have such a category. This has resulted in protests from social scientists. But the intention is not to neglect social science; rather, the complete opposite. (45) . That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists: one that is discipline-oriented andpublishing in highly specialized journals, and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere, such as policy briefs.[B] However, the numbers are still small: in 2010, about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers publishedglobally included one of these keywords.[C] The idea is to force social scientists to integrate their work with other categories, including health anddemographic change; food security; marine research and the bio-economy; clean, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] The solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal.Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behaviour: all require behavioural change and social innovations, aswell as technological development. Stemming climate change, for example, is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors, many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems. And in Europe, some areup in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.[G] During the late 1990s, national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all researchand development funds — including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate — varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations, it is about 15%.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; 46) yet when one looks at the photographs of the gardens created by the homeless, it strikes one that, for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges has to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. 47) A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring o f one’s relation to one’s environment. 48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environmentin which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from, is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, 49) most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call forth the spirit of plant and animal lift, if only symbolically, through a clumplike arrangement of materials, an introduction of colors, small pools of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world.50) It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia—a yearning for contact with nonhuman life—assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingP art ADirections:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college, inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案详解Section ⅠUse of English1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和固定搭配题。
2013年考研英语模拟试题及答案（全国卷）
2013年考研英语模拟试题及答案2013年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语 答题注意事项 1.本试卷考试时间150分钟，满分100分。
2.试卷后⾯附有参考答案，供学员测试后核对。
Section I Structure and Vocabulary In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice on the answer sheet. (20 points) 1. A variety of small clubs can provide _____ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple 2. By turning this knob to the right you can _____ the sound from this radio. [A] amplify [B] enlarge [C] magnify [D] reinforce 3. Under the _____ confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer. [A] surroundings [B] settings [C] circumstances [D] environments 4. We have the system of exploitation of man by man. [A] cancelled [B] abolished [C] refused [D] rejected 5. We shall probably never be able to _____ the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles. [A] assert [B] impart [C] ascertain [D] notify 6. This diploma _____ that you have completed high school. [A] proves [B] certifies [C] secures [D] approves 7. Up until that time, his interest had focused almost _____ on fully mastering the skills and techniques of his craft. [A] restrictively [B] radically [C] inclusively [D] exclusively 8. That sound doesn’t _____ in his language so it’s difficult for him to pronounce. [A] happen [B] take place [C] occur [D] run 9. The security guard _____ two men who were yelling in the courtroom. [A] expelled [B] propelled [C] repelled [D] dispelled 10. In most cases politicians are _____ as they seldom tell the truth. [A] credible [B] credulous [C] incredulous [D] incredible 11. He soon received promotion, for his superiors realized that he was a man of considerable _____. [A] future [B] possibility [C] ability [D] opportunity 12. Britain has the highest _____ of road traffic in the world—over 60 cars for every mile of road. [A] density [B] intensity [C] popularity [D] prosperity 13. CCTV programs are _____ by satellite to the remotest areas in the country. [A] transferred [C] transformed [D] transmitted 14. An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget _____. [A] disposition [B] deficit [C] defect [D] discrepancy 15. The government will _____ a reform in the educational system. [A] initiate [B] initial [C] initiative [D] intimate 16. Estimates _____ anywhere from 600 000 to 3 million. Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another mater: that the number of the homeless is increasing. One of the federal government’s studies predicts that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. [A] cover [B] change [C] differ [D] range 17. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage _____ increasing. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty 18. It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic _____ is the function of the particular space. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and too few entries and exits will not work for its purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be decorated. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention 19. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more mysterious. The new experiments, such as those _____ for the first time at a recent meeting or the society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations for the purpose of non-REM sleep. [A] maintained [B] described [C] settled 20. Changes in the social structure may indirectly _____ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] check [D] reflect Section II Use of English Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points) Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities. Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected. Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way. 21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical 22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily 23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with 24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark 25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental 26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing 27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to 28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about 29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance 30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] realityd s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 3 1 . [ A ] o c c u r [ B ]e n g a g e [ C ] c o nf r o n t [ D ] e n c o u n t e r / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 03 2 . [ A ] t o l e r a t e [ B ] s u s t a i n [ C ] e x p e r i e n c e [ D ] u n d e r t a k e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 3 3 . [ A ] e v id e n c e [ B ] a c c i d e n t s [ C ] a d v e n t u r e s [ D ] e v e n t s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 3 4 . [ A ] a c q u i r e [ B ] a c h i e v e [ C ] o b t a i n [ D ] f u l f i l l / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 3 5 . [ A ] r e s p o n d [ B ] r e t u r n [ C ] r e t o r t [ D ] r e p l y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 3 6 . [ A ] w h y [ B ] w h e n [ C ] w h i l e [ D ] w h e r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 3 7 . [ A ] s o u n d [ B ] a l l - r o u n d [ C ] e n t i r e [ D ] w h o l e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 3 8 . [ A ] i l l u m i n a t e [ B ] e n u n c i a t e [ C ] e n u m e r a t e [ D ] i n i t i a t e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 3 9 . [ A ] a c c e s s [ B ] a s s e s s [ C ] p r o c e s s [ D ] p o s s e s s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 4 0 . [ A ] r e s o l v i n g [ B ] s a l u t i n g [ C ] d i s s o l v i n g [ D ] s o lv i n g S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g f o u r t e x t s . A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b y c h o o s i n g [ A ] , [ B ] , [ C ] o r [ D ] M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T ( 4 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 T e x t 1 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 T h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e , i . e . , t h e p e r i o d b e t w e e n c h i l d h o o d a n d a d u l t h o o d , m a y b e l o n g o r s h o r t , d e p e n d i n g o n s o c i a l e x p e c t a t i o n s a n d o n s o c i e t y s d e f i n i t i o n a s t o w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s m a t u r i t y a n d a d u l t h o o d . I n p r i m i t i v e s o c i e t i e s a d o l e s c e n c e i s f r e q u e n t l y a r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t p e r i o d o f t i m e , w h i l e i n i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s w i t h p a t t e r n s o f p r o l o n g e d e d u c a t i o n c o u p l e d w i t h l a w s a g a i n s t c h i l d l a b o r , t h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e i s m u c h l o n g e r a n d m a y i n c l u d e m o s t o f t h e s e c o n d d e c a d e o f o n e s l i f e . F u r t h e r m o r e , t h e l e n g t h o f t h e a d o l e s c e n t p e r i o d a n d t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f a d u l t h o o d s t a t u s m a y c h a n g e i n a g i v e n s o c i e t y a s s o c i a l a n d e c o n o m i c c o n d i t i o n s c h a n g e . E x a m p l e s o f t h i s t y p e o f c h a n g e a r e t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f t h e f r o n t i e r i n t h e l a t t e r p a r t o f t h e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s , a n d m o r e u n i v e r s a l l y , t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z a t i o n o f a n a g r i c u l t u r a l s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 I n m o d e r n s o c i e t y , c e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e l o s t t h e i r f o r m a l r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s y m b o l i c s i g n i f i c a n c e a n d t h e r e n o l o n g e r i s a g r e e m e n t a s t o w h a t c o n s t i t u t e s i n i t i a t i o n c e r e m o n i e s . S o c i a l o n e s h a v e b e e n r e p l a c e d b y a s e q u e n c e o f s t e p s t h a t l e a d t o i n c r e a s e d r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s o c i a l s t a t u s . F o r e x a m p l e , g r a d e s c h o o l g r a d u a t i o n , h i g h s c h o o l g r a d u a t i o n a n d c o l l e g e g r a d u a t i o n c o n s t i t u t e s u c h a s e q u e n c e , a n d w h i l e e a c h s t e p i m p l i e s c e r t a i n b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e s a n d s o c i a l r e c o g n i t i o n , t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f e a c h d e p e n d s o n t h e s o c i o - e c o n o m i c s t a t u s a n d t h e e d u c a t i o n a l a m b i t i o n o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l . C e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e a l s o b e e n r e p l a c e d b y l e g a l d e f i n i t i o n s o f s t a t u s r o l e s , r i g h t , p r i v i l e g e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . I t i s d u r i n g t h e n i n e y e a r s f r o m t h e t w e l f t h b i r t h d a y t o t h e t w e n t y - f i r s t t h a t t h e p r o t e c t i v e a n d r e s t r i c t i v e a s p e c t s o f c h i l d h o o d a n d m i n o r s t a t u s a r e r e m o v e d a n d a d u l t p r i v i l e g e s a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a r e g r a n t e d . T h e t w e l v e - y e a r - o l d i s n o l o n g e r c o n s i d e r e d a c h i l d a n d h a s t o p a y f u l l f a r e f o r t r a i n , a i r p l a n e , t h e a t e r a n d m o v i e t i c k e t s . B a s i c a l l y , t h e i n d i v i d u a l a t t h i s a g e l o s e s c h i l d h o o d p r i v i l e g e s w i t h o u t g a i n i n g s i g n i f i c a n t a d u l t r i g h t s . A t t h e a g e o f s i x t e e n t h e a d o l e s c e n t i s g r a n t e d c e r t a i n a d u l t r i g h t s w h i c h i n c r e a s e s h i s s o c i a l s t a t u s b y p r o v i d i n g h i m w i t h m o r e f r e e d o m a n d c h o i c e s . H e n o w c a n o b t a i n a d r i v e r s l i c e n s e ; h e c a n l e a v e p u b l i c s c h o o l s ; a n d h e c a n w o r k w i t h o u t t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s o f c h i l d l a b o r l a w s . A t t h e a g e o f e i g h t e e n t h e l a w p r o v i d e s a d u l t r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s a s w e l l a s r i g h t s ; t h e y o u n g m a n c a n n o w b e a s o l d i e r , b u t h e a l s o c a n m a r r y w i t h o u t p a r e n t a l p e r m i s s i o n . A t t h e a g e o f t w e n t y - o n e t h e i n d i v i d u a l o b t a i n s h i s f u l l l e g a l r i g h t s a s a n a d u l t . H e n o w c a n v o t e , h e c a n b u y l i q u o r , h e c a n e n t e r i n t o f i n a n c i a l c o n t r a c t s , a n d h e i s e n t i t l e d t o r u n f o r p u b l i c o f f i c e . N o a d d i t i o n a l b a s i c r i g h t s a r e a c q u i r e d a s a f u n c t i o n o f a g e a f t e r m a j o r i t y s t a t u s h a s b e e n a t t a i n e d . N o n e o f t h e s e l e g a l p r o v i s i o n s d e t e r m i n e a t w h a t p o i n t a d u l t h o o d h a s b e e n r e a c h e d b u t t h e y d o p o i n t t o t h e p r o l o n g e d p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > 0 0 4 1 . T h e p e r i o d o f a d o l e s c e n c e i s m u c h l o n g e r i n i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s b e c a u s e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f m a t u r i t y h a s c h a n g e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e i n d u s t r i a l i z e d s o c i e t y i s m o r e d e v e l o p e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] m o r e e d u c a t i o n i s p r o v i d e d a n d l a w s a g a i n s t c h i l d l a b o r a r e m a d e ( C ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] c e r e m o n i e s f o r a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e l o s t t h e i r f o r m a l r e c o g n i t i o n a n d s y m b o l i c s i g n i f i c a n c e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 4 2 . F o r m e r s o c i a l c e r e m o n i e s t h a t u s e d t o m a r k a d o l e s c e n c e h a v e g i v e n p l a c e t o _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] g r a d u a t i o n s f r o m s c h o o l s a n d c o l l e g e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] s o c i a l r e c o g n i t i o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] s o c i o - e c o n o m i c s t a t u s ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] c e r t a i n b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 0 0 4 3 . N o o n e c a n e x p e c t t o f u l l y e n j o y t h e a d u l t h o o d p r i v i l e g e s u n t i l h e i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] e l e v e n y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i x t e e n y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] t w e n t y - o n e y e a r s o l d ( C ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] b e t w e e n t w e l v e a n d t w e n t y - o n e y e a r s o l d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 4 4 . S ta r t i n g f r o m 2 2 , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] o n e w i l l o b t a i n m o r e b a s ic r i g h t s / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] t h e o l d e r o n e b ec o m e s , t h e m o r e b a s i c r i g h t s h e w i l l h a v e / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] o ne w o n t g e t m o r e b a s i c r i g h t s t h a n w h e n h e i s 2 1 ( C ) / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] o n e w i l l e n j o y m o r e r igh t s g r a n t e d b y s o ci e t y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 4 5 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , i t i s t r u e t h a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] i n t h e l a t e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y i n t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s t h e d i v i d i n g l i n e b e t w e e n a d o l e s c e n c e a n d a d u l t h o o d n o l o n g e r e x i s t e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] n o o n e c a n m a r r y w i t h o u t t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f h i s p a r e n t s u n t i l t h e a g e o f t w e n t y - o n e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] o n e i s c o n s i d e r e d t o h a v e r e a c h e d a d u l t h o o d w h e n h e h a s a d r i v e r s l i c e n s e ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] o n e i s n o t f r e e f r o m t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s o f c h i l d l a b o r l a w s u n t i l h e c a nj o i n t h e a r m 0 T e x t 2 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 7 " > 0 0 W e l l , n o g a i n w i t h o u t p a i n , t h e y s a y . B u t w h a t a b o u t p a i n w i t h o u t g a i n ? E v e r y w h e r e y o u g o i n A m e r i c a , y o u h e a r t a l e s o f c o r p o r a t e r e v i v a l . W h a t i s h a r d e r t o e s t a b l i s h i s w h e t h e r t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n t h a t b u s i n e s s m e n a s s u m e t h e y a r e p r e s i d i n g o v e r i s f o r r e a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 8 " > 0 0 T h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s a r e m i l d l y d i s c o u r a g i n g . T h e y s h o w t h a t , i f y o u l u m p m a n u f a c t u r i n g a nd se r v i c e s t o g e t h e r , p r o d u c t i v i t y h a s g r o w n o n a v e r a g e b y 1 . 2 % s i n c e 1 9 8 7 . T h a t i s s o m e w h a tf a s t e r t h a n t h e a v e r ag e d u r i n g th e p r e vi o u s d e c a d e . A n d s i n c e 1 9 9 1 , p r o d u c t i v i t y h a s i n c r e a s e d b y a b o u t 2 % a y e a r , w h i c h i s m o r e t h a n t w i c e t h e 1 9 7 8 - 1 9 8 7 a v e r a g e . T h e t r o u b l e i s t h a t p a r t o f t h e r e c e n t a c c e l e r a t i o n i s d u e t o t h e u s u a l r e b o u n d t h a t o c c u r s a t t h i s p o i n t i n a b u s i n e s s c y c l e , a n d s o i s n o t c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e o f a r e v i v a l i n t h e u n d e r l y i n g t r e n d . T h e r e i s , a s R o b e r t R u b i n , t h e t r e a s u r y s e c r e t a r y , s a y s , a d i sj u n c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e m a s s o f b u s i n e s s a n e c d o t e t h a t p o i n t s t o a l e a p i n p r o d u c t i v i t y a n d t h e p i c t u r e r e f l e c t e d b y t h e s t a t i s t i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 3 9 " > 0 0 S o m e o f t h i s c a n b e e a s i l y e x p l a i n e d . N e w w a y s o f o r g a n i z i n g t h e w o rk pl a c e a l l t h a t r e - e n g i n e e r i n g a n d d o w n s i z i n g a r e o n l y o n e c o n t r i b u t i o n t o t h e o v e r a l l p r o d u c t i v i t y o f a n e c o n om y , w h i c h i s d r i v en b y m a n yo t h e r f a c t o r s s u c h a s j o i n t i n v e s t m e n t i n e q u ip m e n t a n d m a c h i n e r y , n e w t e c h n o l o g y , a n d i n v e s t m e n t i n e d u c a t i o n a n d t r a i n i n g . M o r e o v e r , m o s t o f t h e c h a n g e s t h a t c o m p a n i e s m a k e a r e i n t e n d e d t o k e e p t h e m p r o f i t a b l e , a n d t h i s n e e d n o t a l w a y s m e a n i n c r e a s i n g p r o d u c t i v i t y : s w i t c h i n g t o n e w m a r k e t s o r i m p r o v i n gq u a l i t y c a n m a t t er j ust a s mu c h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 0 " > 0 0 T w o o t h e r e x p l a n a t i o n s a r e m o r e s p e c u l a t iv e . F i r s t , s o m e o f t h e b u s i n e s s r e s t r u c t u r i n g o f r e c e n t y e a r s m a y h a v e b e e n i n e p t l y d o n e . S e c o n d , e v e n i f i tw a s w e l l d o n e , i t m a y h a v e s p r e a d m u c h l e s s w i d e l y t h a n p e o p l e s u p p o s e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 1 " > 0 0 L e o n a r d S c h l e s i n g e r , a H a r v a r d a c a d e m i c a n d f o r m e r c h i e f ex e c u t i v e o f A u B o n g P a i n , a r a p i d ly g r o w i n g c h a i n o f b a k e r y c a f e s , s a y s t h a t m u c h r e - e n g i n e e r i n g h a s b e e n c r u d e . I n m a n y c a s e s , h e b e l i e v e s , t h e l o s s o f r e v e n u e h a s b e e n g r e a t e r t h a n t h e r e d u c t i o n s i n c o s t . H i s c o l l e a g u e , M i c h a e l B e e r , s a y s t h a t f a r t o o m a n y c o m p a n i e s h a v e a p p l i e d r e - e n g i n e e r i n g i n a m e c h a n i s t i c f a s h i o n , c h o p p i n g o u t c o s t s w i t h o u t g i v i n g s u f f i c i e n t t h o u g h t t o l o n g t e r m p r o f i t a b i l i t y . B B D O s A l R o s e n s h i n e i s b l u n t e r . H e d i s m i s s e s a l o t o f t h e w o r k o f r e - e n g i n e e r i n g c o n s u l t a n t s a s m e r e r u b b i s h t h e w o r s t s o r t o f a m b u l a n c e c a s h i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 2 " > 0 0 4 6 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e a u t h o r , t h e A m e r i c a n e c o n o m i c s i t u a t i o n i s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] n o t a s g o o d a s i t s e e m s / p > p b d s f i d = "2 4 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] a t i t s t u r n i n g p o i n t / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] m u c h b e t t e r t h a n i t s e e m s ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] n e a r t o c o m p l e t e r e c o v e r y / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 4 7 " > 0 0 4 7 . T h e o f f i c i a l s ta t i s t i c s o n p r o d u c t i v i t y g r o w t h _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > pb d s f i d = " 2 4 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] e xc l ude t h e u s u a l r eb o u n d i n a b u s i n e s sc y c l e / p > p bd s f i d = " 2 4 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] f a l l s h o r t o f b u s i ne s s m e n s a n t i c i p a t i o n / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 5 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] m e e t t h e e x p e c t a t i o n o f b u s i n e s s p e o p l e ( B ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 51 " > 0 0 [ D ] f a i l t o r e f l e c t t h e t r u e s t a t e o f e c o n o m y / p > p b d s f i d = "2 5 2 " > 0 0 4 8 . T h e a u t h o r r a i se s t h e q u e s t i o n w h a t a b o u t p a i n w i t h o u t g a i n ? b e c a u s e _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d sf i d = " 2 5 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] h e q u e s t i o n s t h e t r u t h o f n og a i n w i th o u t p ai n / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] h e d o e s n o t t h i n k t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n w o r k s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] h e w o n d e r s i f t h e o f f i c i a l s t a t i s t i c s a r e m i s l e a d i n g ( B ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] h e h a s c o n c l u s i v e e v i d e n c e f o r t h e r e v i v a l o f b u s i n e s s e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 7 " > 0 0 4 9 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s i s N O T m e n t i o n e d i n t h e p a s s a g e ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] R a d i c a l r e f o r m s a r e e s s e n t i a l f o r t h e i n c r e a s e o f p r o d u c t i v i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 5 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] N e w w a y s o f o r g a n i z i n g w o r k p l a c e s m a y h e l p t o i n c r e a s e p r o d u c t i v i t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] T h e r e d u c t i o n o f c o s t s i s n o t a s u r e w a y t o g a i n l o n g t e r m p r o f i t a b i l i t y . ( A ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] T h e c o n s u l t a n t s a r e a b u n c h o f g o o d - f o r - n o t h i n g s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 2 " > 0 0 5 0 . A c c o r d i n g t o t h e p a s s a g e , t h e a u t h o r s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s t h e p r o d u c t i v i t y r e v o l u t i o n i n t h e U . S . A i s _ _ _ _ . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] b i a s e d / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] o p t i m i s t i c / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] a m b i g u o u s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] n e g a t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 7 " > 0 0 T e x t 3 / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 8 " > 0 0 M o n e y s p e n t o n a d v e r t i s i n g i s m o n e y s p e n t a s w e l l a s a n y I k n o w o f . I t s e r v e s d i r e c t l y t o a s s i s t a r a p i d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f g o o d s a t r e a s o n a b l e p r i c e , t h e r e b y e s t a b l i s h i n g a f i r m h o m e m a r k e t a n d s o m a k i n g i t p o s s i b l e t o p r o v i d e f o r e x p o r t a t c o m p e t i t i v e p r i c e s . B y d r a w i n g a t t e n t i o n t o n e w i d e a s i t h e l p s e n o r m o u s l y t o r a i s e s t a n d a r d s o f l i v i n g . B y h e l p i n g t o i n c r e a s e d e m a n d i t e n s u r e s a n i n c r e a s e d n e e d f o r l a b o u r , a n d i s t h e r e f o r e a n e f f e c t i v e w a y t o f i g h t u n e m p l o y m e n t . I t l o w e r s t h e c o s t s o f m a n y s e r v i c e s : w i t h o u t a d v e r t i s e m e n t s y o u r d a i l y n e w s p a p e r w o u l d c o s t f o u r t i m e s a s m u c h , t h e p r i c e o f y o u r t e l e v i s i o n l i c e n s e w o u l d n e e d t o b e d o u b l e d , a n d t r a v e l b y b u s o r t u b e w o u l d c o s t 2 0 p e r c e n t m o r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 6 9 " > 0 0 A n d p e r h a p s m o s t i m p o r t a n t o f a l l , a d v e r t i s i n g p r o v i d e s a g u a r a n t e e o f r e a s o n a b l e v a l u e i n t h e p r o d u c t s a n d s e r v i c e s y o u b u y . A p a r t f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t t w e n t y - s e v e n a c t s o f P a r l i a m e n t g o v e r n t h e t e r m s o f a d v e r t i s i n g , n o r e g u l a r a d v e r t i s e r d a r e p r o m o t e a p r o d u c t t h a t f a i l s t o l i v e u p t o t h e p r o m i s e o f h i s a d v e r t i s e m e n t s . H e m i g h t f o o l s o m e p e o p l e f o r a l i t t l e w h i l e t h r o u g h m i s l e a d i n g a d v e r t i s i n g . H e w i l l n o t d o s o f o r l o n g , f o r m e r c i f u l l y t h e p u b l i c h a s t h e g o o d s e n s e n o t t o b u y t h e i n f e r i o r a r t i c l e m o r e t h a n o n c e . I f y o u s e e a n a r t i c l e c o n s i s t e n t l y a d v e r t i s e d , i t i s t h e s u r e s t p r o o f I k n o w t h a t t h e a r t i c l e d o e s w h a t i s c l a i m e d f o r i t , a n d t h a t i t r e p r e s e n t s g o o d v a l u e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 0 " > 0 0 A d v e r t i s i n g d o e s m o r e f o r t h e m a t e r i a l b e n e f i t o f t h e c o m m u n i t y t h a n a n y o t h e r f o r c e I c a n t h i n k o f . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 7 1 " > 0 0 T h e r e i s o n e m o r e p o i n t I f e e l I o u g h t t o t o u c h o n . R e c e n t l y I h e a r d a w e l l - k n o w n t e l e v i s i o n p e r s o n a l i t y d e c l a r e t h a t h e。
2013年6月A级全真试题(含答案详解)
高等学校英语应用能力考试2013年6月A级试卷PartIIStructure(15minutes)16.Theservicetherewas____poorthatwewenttoanotherrestaurantdownthestreet.A.soB.suchC.veryD.too17.Itwassoonaftertheeconomiccrisis_____salesofe-businessstartedtogrow.A.whyB.howC.whereD.that33.Attheendofyesterday’sinterview,she(offer)______thepositionadvertisedinthenewspaper.34.We’veagreed(transfer)______partofourbusinesstoanewowner.35.Thecompanyoffersavarietyofroles(suit)______forthegoals,backgroundsandtalentsofitsemployees.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)Task1JackWelchisamongthefamousCEOsbecausehismanagementstyleistaughtatbusinessschoolsthroughoutt hecountry.HehasbeenwiththeGeneralElectricCompany(GE)since1960.HavingtakenGEwithamarketvalueof about$12billion,JackWelchturneditintooneofthelargestandmostadmiredcompaniesintheworld,withamarket valueofabout$500billion,whenhesteppeddownasitsCEO20yearslater,in2000.AsJackWelchwroteinalettertoshareholders:“Intheoldculture,managersgottheirpowerfromsecretknowledge:profitmargins,marketshare,andallthat...Intheneweconomy,theroleoftheleaderistoexpressavision,andput itintopractice.Thatcallsforopen,caringrelationswitheveryemployee,andface-to-facecommunication.Peoplewhocan’tconvincingly(有说服力的)expressavisionwon’tbesuccessful.Butthosewhocanwillbecomeevenmoreopen——becausesuccessbuildsupself-confidence.”Welchbelievedthatgreatbusinessleadershaveto:·possesslargeamountsofenergy,and·knowhowtousethatenergytomotivateothers.Welchmovesfrommeetingtomeeting,conveyingthatmessa ge—andmanymoreothersaswell,someofwhichhavebecomehistrademarks:·Businessissimple.·Don’tmakeitcomplicated.··Don’·’UseofTimeHerearemyideastoreducethiswaste.FirstweneedtoagreeonwhataretheMostimportantbehaviorstostop.Fo rexample,lookatactivityNo.1inthetablebelow.Manypeoplearedoingthis;however,itisthemostdifficulttostop.IrecommendthatwefocusonactivitiesNo.2,4,and5.Makingphonecallsshowsthelargestdifferencebetweenmenandwomen.Womendothismuchmorethanmen .Weshouldaskallemployeestolimitthesecalls.Theyshouldreturnnon-urgentmessagesattheirlunchbreak.ForNo.4,weshouldfocusontheyoungeragegroup.Wewilltellthemthatwearegoingtochecktheirworkaccou ntsforpersonalmessages.ForNo.5,wecanaskmanagerstowatchthismorecarefully.PerhapsactivityNo.3should continue.Thisallowsemployeestoknoweachotheranditcanincreasetheirmotivation.Themanagerswillknowifs omeoneisspendingtoomuchtimetalkingandnotenoughtimeworking.Areyouavailabletomorrow?I’dliketomeetwithyoutodiscussournextstep.41.WhatproblemdoesthewriterfindfromthesurveybytheHumanResourcesDepartment?A.Workingconditionsaretobeimproved.B.Someemployeesneedre-training.C.Employeeslackmotivation.D.Muchworktimeiswasted.)ontheAnswerSheetcorrespondiwiththeferry(轮渡).YoucanalsorideVancouver’smetrobussystemandtravelarounddowntown,andmanyotherbeautifulareas.IfyouarevisitingVancouver,theSkyTrainisyourbestbetatseeingeverycornerofthecity.YoucanbuySkyTrai ndaypassesatmostgrocerystoreslikeSafewayandSaveonFoods.YoucanalsopurchasepassesattheSkyTrainstatNumberoflines:(48)Useofdaypasses:1.TotakeSkyTrain2.TotaketheNorthShoreferry3.Toridemetro(49)Placestobuydaypasses:Most(50),SkyTrainstationandFerryterminalTask4Directions:Thefollowingisalistofwordsorexpressionsrelatedtoexhibitions.Afterreadingit,youarerequiredtofindtheitemsequivalentto(与…等同)thosegiveninChineseinthetablebelow.ThenyoushouldputthecorrespondinglettersinthebracketsontheAnswerSheet,numbered51through55.A—networkeditor J—academicwritingThankyouforyourhelp.Sincerely,SusanSmithHumanResourcesManager56.Howdothestaffmembersfeelaboutthecompany’scurrentinsuranceplan?Thestaffmembers______withit.57.Whatdothestaffmemberscomplainaboutthecurrentinsuranceplan?Therateshavebeenraised,buttheservicehasbecome______.58.WhatinformationdoesthewriterwanttogetfromMr.Black?Hiscompany’s______.59.Whatisthefirstquestionthewriterasksaboutthenewinsuranceplan?Whetheritallowsemployeestochoose______.60.Whydothestaffmembershopethatdoctorswillhaveweekendandeveninghours?Becauseitisnotalwaysconvenientforthemtoseeadoctorduringregular______.PartIVTranslation--EnglishintoChinese(25minutes)Directions:Thispart,numbered61through65,istotestyourabilitytotranslateEnglishintoChinese.Afterea chofthesentencesnumbered61to64,youwillreadfourchoicesofsuggestedtranslation.Youshouldchoosethebestt ranslationandmarkthecorrespondingletteronyourAnswerSheet.Andfortheparagraphnumbered65,writeyour translationinthecorrespondingspaceontheTranslation/CompositionSheet.61.Thedirectorisdisappointedbecausehehasnotfoundanyoneintheapplicantswhoisparticularlyqualifiedforthisjob.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B. C.约翰还选修了其他一些大学的课程：D.约翰大学一14天内送达你处。
2013考研英语试题及解析【3】
2013考研英语试题及解析【3】Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’ information.[B] States’ independence from fed eral immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution.[B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute.[D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administration.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.答案：36- CCDAD答案详解：36.标准答案: C考点分析：此题考查考生对文章细节信息的把握能力选项分析：根据题干中的关键词 three provisions of Arizona定位到文中第二段。
2013年同等学力申硕英语真题[A卷]与参考题答案
![2013年同等学力申硕英语真题[A卷]与参考题答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/12b0094acaaedd3383c4d35a.png)
2013同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试 A卷英语试卷一Paper One (100minutes)Part I Oral Communication (15 minutes，10 points)Section ADirections：In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A，B and C，taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Dialogue oneA. It sounds like a flu.B. I also advise resting for a couple of days.C. Boy, when it rains, it pours.Doctor: What has been bothering you?Patient: I have a stuffy nose and a sore throat. Plus, I’ve been coughing a lot.1Doctor: Any stomach pains?Patient: Actually, yes. My stomach’s been upset for a few days.Doctor: 2 . It’s been go ing around lately.Patient: Anything I can do for it?Doctor: I’ll prescribe some medicines for you to take. 3 . Patient: Does that mean I shouldn’t go to work?Doctor: Only when you feel up to it. You should stay home for at least a day or two.Dialogue TwoA. So, what are you going to do with the money?B. You have lots of money.C. How much do I owe you?Joshua: Dad. Allowance day. Can I have my allowance?Father: Oh, I forgot about that.Joshua: You ALWAYS forget.Father: I guess I do. 4Joshua: Just $13.Father: Well, I’ m not sure if I have that much.Joshua: Go to bank. 5Father: Lots of money, uh? Uh, well, I think the bank is closed.Joshua: Then, what about your secret money jar under your bed?Father: Oh, I guess I could do that. 6Joshua: I ’m going to put some in savings, give some to the poor people, and use the rest to buy books.Father: Well, that sounds greats great, Joshua.Section BDirections：In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A，B，C and D taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.A. Nationalities stay in their own areas,B. People don’t queue like they do here in England.C. What I liked best was that I could work and still lead a normal life.D. Some supermarkets are open twenty-four hours a day.Interviewer: How long did you stay in the States?Interviewee: I was there for two years, in New York, and I enjoyed it tremendously.7 I mean, the shops are open till 10:00 p.m.Interviewer: All shops?Interviewee: yes, everything. Food shops, chemists, and departmentstores.8 . And on public holidays, only the banks are shut. Interviewer: I see, erm … Do you think New York is as multinational as London? Interviewee: Oh, that’s for sure. But it’s not as mixed. 9 like there’s Russian section, the Germa n section and China town. But I think the major difference between these two cities was the height of the place. Everything was up in the Big Apple. We lived on the thirty-fifth floor. And of course everything is faster and the New Yorkers are much ruder.Interviewer: Oh! In what way?Interviewee: well, pushing in the street, fights about getting on thebus. 10 And of course the taxi drivers! New York taxi drivers must be the rudest in the world!Part II Vocabulary(10 minutes，10 points)Directions：In this part there are ten sentences，each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A，B，C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. I read the news paper everyday so that I can stay informedabout current events.A. importantB. internationalC. latestD. cultural12. After seven days in the desert, the explorer was relieved whenhe eventually found water.A. predictablyB. finallyC .luckily D. accidentally13. When we gave the children ice cream, they immediately ceased crying.A. startedB. continuedC. resumedD. stopped14. The science teacher demonstrated the process of turning solid gold into liquid.A. showedB. elaboratedC. devisedD. simplified15. John’s application for admission to graduate studies in the school of Education has been approved.A. entranceB. acceptanceC. experienceD. allowance16. Most college students in the United States live away from home.A. apartB. downC. elsewhereD. along17. The pursuit of maximum profit often drives manufacturers to turnout things that can do harm to people’s health.A. preserveB. promoteC. processD. produce18. Many different parts make up an airplane: the engine(s), the wings, the tail, and so on.A. composeB. decorateC. constructD. derive19. You make it sound as if I did it on purpose.A. carefullyB. unwillinglyC. incrediblyD. deliberately20. He could never have foreseen that one day his books would sell in millions.A. understoodB. explainedC. expectedD. believedPart III Reading Comprehension(45 minutes，25 points)Section ADirections：In this section，there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements，each with four suggested answers A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneFive or six year ago, I attended a lecture on the science of attention.A philosopher who conducts research in the medical school was talking about attention blindness, the basic feature of the human brain that, when we concentrate intensely on one task, causes us to miss just about everything else. Because we can’t see what we can’t see, our lecture was determined to catch us in the act. He had us watch a video of six people tossing basketball back and forth, three in white shirts and three in black, and our task was to keep track only of the tosses among the people in white. The tape rolled, and everyone began counting.Everyone except me, I’m dyslexic(有阅读障碍的), and the moment I saw that grainy tape with the confusing b asketball tosses, I knew I wouldn’t be able to keep track of their movements, so I let my mind wander. My curiosity was aroused, though, when about 30 seconds into the tape, a gorilla(大猩猩) came in among the players. She (we later learned a female student was in the gorilla suit) start at the camera, thumped her chest, and the strode away while they continued passing the balls.When the tape stopped, the philosopher asked how many people had counted at least d a dozen basketball tosses. Hands went up all over. He then asked who had counted 13, 14, and congratulated those who’d scored the perfect 15. The he asked, “And who saw the gorilla?”I raised my hand and was surprised to discover I was the only person at my table and one of only three or four in t he large room to do so. He’d set me up, trapping us in our own attention blindness. Yes, there had been a trick, but he wasn’t the one who had played it on us. By concentrating so hard on counting, we had managed to miss the gorilla in the midst.21. This passage describes_______A. basketballB. an experimentC. a philosopherD. a gorilla22. ‘’Attentions blindness” refer to_______.A. the fact that one can’t see what one can’t seeB. seeing one thing while missing all else.C. keeping track of just about everythingD. the condition of being blind to details23. “Catch us in the act” (Para. 1) is closest in meaning of “find us ________”A. doing something improperB. sleeping during the lectureC. counting the basketball tossesD. failing to notice something within sight24. How many people in the room saw the gorilla in the video?A. 1B. 3 or 4C.13 or 14D.1525. Whom dose “he”(last paragraph) refer to ?A. The authorB. The gorillaC. The lectureD. The studentPassage TwoThere are few sadder sights than a pile of fan letter, lovingly decorated with hand drawings, suffering in a bin. The sparkly envelopes were addressed to Taylor Swift, a pop star much beloved by teenage and pre-teen girls. “Dear Taylor”, read one discard message, “I love you so much!! You’re the best! And you’re really beautiful and cute!! I’m really enjoying your songsThis, along with hundreds of other similar letters sent from around the world, was discovered in Nashville recycling disposal unit by a local woman. Swift’s management was quick to reassure her admirers that they had been thrown out accidentally. The response may come as a disappointment to any devotee who imagine, as they compose their letter, that Swift make time to view each one personallyDealing with pile of fan mail is, however, an administrative burden for most celebrities. While some celebrities do like to go through their mail personally, the majority simply do not have time. But the fact f their correspondence is something most committed fans will not wish to dwell on, say Lynn Zubernis, an expert in the psychology of fandom at West Chester University.“There’s this little bit of every fan that thinks theirs will be the one that stands out- it’s not an expectation, but a hope that theirs will be seen by the cel ebrity.”While the relationship between the fan and the celebrity may exist only in the mind of the former, it sterns from a deeply-rooted human need for community and belonging, Zubernis believe. As a result, even receiving a mass-produced letter of acknowledgment and a photo stamped with a reproduced signature can be a powerful experience.“People have a tremendous need to connect with the person they are idolizing(偶像化),” she says, “They can’t ring up and say, ‘ Can we have coffee?’ It’s not about the au tograph(签名). It’s about the moment of connection.”26. Which of the following statements is true?A. The letters in the bin were exaggerating.B. Some letters to Swift were thrown away unread.C. A woman discovered the letters and discard themD. Poorly decorated letters were left unread27. Swift management claimed that______A. Swift had read each one of lettersB. fans could trust them with their lettersC. they were quick in response to the incidentD. they didn’t intend to throw away the letters.28. Most celebrities___________A. are too busy to read fan mailB. are afraid of receiving fan mailC. try their best to read fan mail themselves.D. care about the fate of fan mail29. According to Zubernis, fans want their letters to be read because they_____A. hope to show their hand drawingB. want the celebrities to see their talentC. desire to get connection with the starsD. dream of getting a photo of the stars30. Which of the following will fans cherish the most?A. The feeling of being related to their stars.B. The sense of being similar to their stars.C. The time spent with their stars.D. The autograph of their stars.Passage ThreeFacelift(紧肤术) followed by a week on a beach in Thailand? Hip surgery with a side of shopping in Singapore? Over the last 10 years, Asia’s rise on the medical tourism scene has been quick. Eastern nations dominate the global scene. Now Bali wants a slice of the action.The Indonesian island recently opened its first facility specifically targeting medical tourists with package and service, Bali International Medical Centre (BIMC) Nusa Dua. BIMC already has an international hospital in Kuta, which opened in 1998.The new internationally managed facility offers surgical andnon-surgical cosmetic procedures and dental care.Unlike most of the region’s hospitals, BIMC is designed to feel more like a spa or resort(度假村) than a medical facility.The 50-bed hospital has a 24-hour medical emergency entrance and hotel-like lobby at the front of the building servicing the hospital’s medicals, and dental centers.If you’re a celebrity who doesn’t want everyone to know you’re here for a bit of lipo (吸脂术)，no worries. There’s private entrance that leads to the CosMedic Centre, which offers views of a golf course.BIMC has even teamed up with the nearby Courtyard by Marriott Bali, which provides specific after-care service like tailor-made meals and wellness programs for patient.Latest technology and cool interiors are a star, but breaking into a regional industry that already has some of the world’s top international hospital will be tough, says Joesf Woodman, CEO of U.S-based medical travel consumer guide Patients Beyond Borders(PBB).“As a newcomer, Bali faces stiff competition from nearby international healthcare providers. To compete, Bali will need to demonstrate a quality level of care and promote its services to the region and the world. On the positive side, Bali is blessed as one of the region’s safest, most popular tourist destinations, with a built –in potential to attract medical travelers.”The Indonesi an island couldn’t have picked a better time to get into the game, says PBB. “The world population is aging and becoming wealthier at rate s that surpass the availability of quality healthcare resource,” says the company’s research.31. What does “medical tourism” (Para. 1) probably mean?A. Treating a disease during a tripB. Attracting patients with package toursC. Cosmetic treatment and a tour in oneD. Turning hospital into tourist attractions32. How does BIMC differ from regular hospitals?A. It offers cosmetic surgeryB. It has better environment and services.C. It accepts international patients.D. It has more beds and longer service hours.33. BIMC wishes to attract celebrities with its______A. privacy measuresB. first-class designC. free golf courseD. tailor-made meals34. According to Woodman, BIMC____A. threatens its regional competitorsB. will soon take the lead in the industryC. needs further improvementD. faces both challenges and opportunities35. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?A. The population is developing faster than medical resources.B. Healthcare is hardly available for the aging populationC. The world is in need of more quality medical care.D. The world population is becoming older and richer.Passage FourFor many of us, asking for help is a difficult concept. We may feel as if we are admitting a weakness that world would not have known about, had we not asked for help.Ironically, it’s been my experience that people who are able to deliver well-positioned requests for help are seen as very strong individuals. When they demonstrate the humility(谦卑) to ask for help, they earn the respect of others. People who receive a heartfelt request for help are usually honored by the request.In turn, we are strengthened by the very help that is provided.One of my clients (we’ll call her K ira) recently made shift in how she was interacting with her boss. When asked to prepare presentations, she assumed that she was expected to go away, develop the content, deliver it at the required meeting and then wait for feedback from her boss. Her boss was highly regarded for the impact of his presentations, while Kira often that her presentations were lacking. When she took a hard look at how this approach was working for her, Kira recognized that she had not yet made use of her boss’s support. She could learn far more about creating attractive presentations by walking through a draft with her boss-focusing on the content plus her delivery- and obtaining feedback earlier in the process rather than at the back end. So she made the request for his support.The outcome? Her boss was delighted to coach Kira and was enthusiastic about the opportunity to put into use his own strength by teaching presentation skills more effectively to her. By taking the time to work together on presentation for a number of Kira’s key presentations, she benefited from her boss’s thought process and was able to distinguish the critical components to enhance her own presentations. Kir’s presentations now have punch!Some of us are uncomfortable asking for help because we believe that our request places burdens on the other person. Ironically, we may be missing an opportunity to show others how are value and respect them. People who know you and think well of you are often highly motivated to help. Furthermore, the more specific you can be about what you need from them, the easier it is for them to assist you.36. Many people are unwilling to ask for help because they____A. are confident of themselvesB. do not trust other peopleC. are ashamed of doing soD. do not think it necessary37. Which of the following may the author agree with?A. Asking for help means admitting weaknesses.B. Helping others is helping oneself.C. Well-positioned requests for help are welcomedD. Weak people often need more help.38. Kira’s reques ts for help_____A. turned out rewardingB. was turned downC. led to her promotionD. benefited her boss in return39. “Kira’s presentations now have punch” means her presentations are______A. forcefulB. controversialC. well receivedD. highly motivating40. The purpose of the passage is to _____A. illustrate how to ask for helpB. show the importance of mutual helpC. call for attention to other’s requestsD. encourage people to ask for helpSection BDirections：In this section，you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements，each with four suggested answers A，B，C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the answer sheet.A fascinating new study reveals that Americans are more likely to call their children “intelligent,” while European parents focus on happiness and balance.Here’s what one parent had to say about the intelligence of her3-year-old, which was apparent to her from the very first moments of her life: “I have this vivid memory, when she was born, of them taking her to clean her off… And she was looking all around… She was alert from the very first second… I took her out when she was six weeks old to a shopping mall to have her picture taken- people would stop me and say, “What an alert baby.” One guy stopped me and said, “Lady, she was an intelligent baby. ”Not only are Americans far more likely to focus on thei r children’s intelligence and cognitive skills, they are also far less likely to describe them as “happen” or “easy” children to parent.“The U.S ‘s unhealthy interest in cognitive development in the early years overlooks so much else,” the researcher s told us.Comment 1:Probably indicates more about differences in cultural attitudes towards humility and boasting than about parenting styles. Here in the Netherlands if someone called their child “intelligent” I’d be rolling my eyes, both because it’s probably biased and overstated and because it’s just a rotten thing to draw attention to; as if it’s all about whose child it “better”. Life isn’t that much of a damn contest to us.Comment 2:Agreed! That would apply in Sweden too. Parenting is more focused on the child’s well-being than social competition (there may be pressure here too, but it is not socially acceptable to express those things).Comment 3:I agree and I live in the U.S Parent’s opinions of their children’s intellect are definitely biased and overstated. It is the most annoying thing to listen to. Being “advanced” at a young age has little if anything to do with their ability to learn as they get older and EVERY child is a genius if you give them a chance and an to listen to them. The happier the Kid is, thesmarter they will be. Happy and healthy is key.41. The passage is mainly concerned with cultural differences in .A. bringing up one’s childrenB. describing one’s childrenC. social contestsD. choosing a place to live in42. The world “alert”(Para.3) is closest in meaning to.A. intelligentB. easy-goingC. quick at noticing thingsD. happy43. According to Comment 1, in the Netherlands, calling one’s own child “intelligent” is.A. boastingB. acceptableC. encouragingD. reasonable44. What nationality is the writer of Comment 2?A. DutchB. AmericanC. SwedishD. French45.All of the following are true of Comment 3 EXCEPT that 。
2013年广西师范大学非英语专业硕士学位英语考试试题
第 1 页 共7 页 广西师范大学2013年非英语专业研究生学位英语考试试卷Part I Reading Comprehension(共40分，每小题2分 ) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. At the end of each passage, five questions will be asked about it. For the first three passages, you should read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. For the last passage, you should write your answers to the questions on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSir Winston Churchill said: “Kites rise highest against the wind----not with it.Kites rise highest against the wind----not with it.”” When life seems to be handing you lemons, make lemonade! That would be a more current version of Churchill current version of Churchill’’s quote, wouldn s quote, wouldn’’t it? Folks often seem to take adversity (逆境) as an indication that we we’’re going in the wrong direction, or that they don don’’t have what it takes to make it, or that have what it takes to make it, or that ““somebody up there doesn somebody up there doesn’’t like them t like them””. This is a straightforward cause-and-effect approach that can stop you in your tracks and leave you sitting there, stopped, for an hour, a day, months, years or, for some, a lifetime.What is your approach to adversity? What is your response to the challenge it offers? Does it cause you to reflect on your direction and look for alternatives? Does it strengthen your resolve to continue? Does it beat you down and flatten you out?Y our responses to life are your choice. There is no escaping the responsibility you have for choosing the way you see things. For some folks, in some circumstances, that choice seems the only one they have any control over that choice seems the only one they have any control over……so take it!When you raise your kite, keep it flying. Today, play with the idea of seeing change or difficulties as shifting winds to help your kite stay up up……not as a clear indication that you indication that you’’re flying the wrong one on the wrong day. How can you use the information you are receiving to keep your kite soaring? 1. What idea is the author trying to convey?A. Kites fly high when they are supported by the wind.B. Face challenges instead of avoiding them.C. Life is full of choices.D. We are in control of our lives. 2. In the author 2. In the author’’s opinion, adversity in life is ________. A. an indication that we A. an indication that we’’re going in the wrong direction B. an indication that we B. an indication that we’’re not working hard enoughC. a challenge that we must faceD. either a challenge or an indication that you are in the wrong direction 3. 3. ““There There’’s no escaping the responsibility s no escaping the responsibility”” because ___________.A. you cannot make a changeB. responsibilities cannot be put asideC. being responsible is an important characteristic of a successful personD. you made the choice yourself4. What does the author suggest to do when you have no other choices?A. Create new choices.B. Change your job.C. Take the choice you have and work hard.D. Take a little rest.5. The kite is a symbol of ________.A. your lifeB. difficultyC. responsibilityD. ambitionPassage TwoOne of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of societyin miniature (缩影). Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls!But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to lifeit encourages. Boys don't grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures——airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human creaturesbeings. Girls don't grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.6. What is the best title for this passage?A. Co-education Can Be in Harmony with Society.B. People Are in Great Need of Co-education.C. Any Form of Education Other Than Co-education Is Simply Unthinkable.D. Co-education Has Many Features.7. What does co-education offer to children?A. A society.B. A true small model of society.C. A real life.D. True version of social condition.8. What does the word "segregated" (Para.1) probably mean?A. closed.B. separated.C. all boys or all girls.D. isolated.9. According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?A. It is for students to acquire knowledge.B. It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.C. It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.D. It is for students to get academic achievements.10. Why don't boys and girls in co-education have illusions about each other?A. They live together and know each other too well.B. Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions.C. Co-education encourages them to have a healthy attitude toward life.D. They are familiar with each other's problems.Passage ThreeThe fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered on aerobic exercise (有氧运动). Millions of individuals became engaged in a variety of aerobic activities, and literally thousands of health spas developed around the country to capitalize on this emerging interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed prior to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their focus was not on aerobics, but rather on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, strength, and endurance in their primarily male enthusiasts.These fitness spas did not seem to benefit financially from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs offered few, if any, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly popular for males and for females. Many current programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well.Historically, most physical-fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength and endurance, not for health-related reasons, but primarily because such fitness components have been related to performance in athletics. However, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health benefits as well. The American College of Sports medicine now recommends that weight training be part of a total fitness program for healthy Americans. Increased participation in such training is one of the specific physical activity and fitness objectives of Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives.11. The word "spas" (Para. 1) most probably refers to __________.A. sports activitiesB. places for physical exerciseC. recreation centersD. athletic training programs12. Early fitness spas were intended mainly for __________.A. the promotion of aerobic exerciseB. endurance and muscular developmentC. the improvement of women's figuresD. better performance in aerobic dancing13. What was the initial attitude of doctors towards weight training in healthimprovement?A. Positive.B. Indifferent.C. Negative.D. Cautious.14. People were given physical fitness tests in order to find out __________.A. how well they could do in athleticsB. what their health condition was likeC. what kind of fitness center was suitable for themD. whether they were fit for aerobic exercise15. Recent studies have suggested that weight training __________.A. has become an essential part of people's lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as wellPassage FourIn Kansas, Missouri, a computer helps firefighters. The computer contains information about every one of the 350,000 street addresses in the city. When a firefighter answers a call, the computer gives him important information about the burning building. The computer can give the location of the building and its size, type and content.In fact, the computer system has almost unlimited ways of helping the firefighters with their problems. For example, it can give medical information about invalids living in a burning building. With this information the firefighters can take special care to find these sick persons and remove them quickly and safely.The speed of a computer is amazing. Within 2 or 3 seconds after a call is received, the computer provides necessary information for the firefighters. The information is then sent to them by the radio from the computer center in the city hall.The Kansas City Computer System also contains a medical record of each of the city’s 900 firefighters. This kind of information is especially useful when a firefi ghter is injured. With this medical information doctors of hospital can treat the injured firefighter more quickly and easily. The firefighters themselves greatly appreciate the computer help. They can learn about possible dangers ahead of them and can prepare for them. Many times the computer information helps to save lives and property, sometimes the lives are those of the firefighters themselves.请把答案写在答题纸上相应题号后, 每题答案字数不超过10个词。
2013年考研英语真题及解析汇报
2013年硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题（完整版）Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to probation on that day.To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews, 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .1.[A] grant [B] submits [C] transmits [D] delivers2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle[D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpfulSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnrounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Those labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertise that——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64 items per person——and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB, who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example, can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment——including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believes lasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford to it.21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A] poor bargaining skill. [B] insensitivity to fashion.[C] obsession with high fashion. [D]lack of imagination.22. According to Cline, mass-maket labels urge consumers to[A] combat unnecessary waste.[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.[C] resist the influence of advertisements.[D] shop for their garments more frequently.23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to[A] accusation. [B] enthusiasm. [C] indifference. [D] tolerance.24. Which of the following can be inferred from the lase paragraph?[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.25. What is the subject of the text?[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half . In the internet age, at least in theory ,this fraction can be much reduced . By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim “behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Cornmission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft’s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. Atter all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, bloggde:"we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that “behavioural” ads help advertisers to:[A] ease competition among themselves[B] lower their operational costs[C] avoid complaints from consumers[D]provide better online services27. “The industry” (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:[A] online advertisers [B] e-commerce conductors[C] digital information analysis [D]internet browser developers28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default[A] many cut the number of junk ads [B] fails to affect the ad industry[C] will not benefit consumers [D]goes against human nature29. which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6?[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:[A] indulgence [B] understanding [C] appreciaction [D] skepticismText 3Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years . Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence .Perhaps willfully , it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment[B] our faith in science and technology[C] our awareness of potential risks[D] our belief in equal opportunity32. The IUCN’s “Red List” suggest that human being are[A] a sustained species [B] a threaten to the environment[C] the world’s dominant power [D] a misplaced race33. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?[A] Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.[B] Technology offers solutions to social problem.[C] The interest in science fiction is on the rise.[D] Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34. To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to[A] explore our planet’s abundant resources[B] adopt an optimistic view of the world[C] draw on our experience from the past[D] curb our ambition to reshape history35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Uncertainty about Our Future[B] Evolution of the Human Species[C] The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind[D] Science, Technology and HumanityText 4On a five to three vote, the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizona’s immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Administration. But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the Administration’s effort to upset the balance of power between the federal government and the states.In Arizona v. United States, the majority overturned three of the four contested provisions of Arizona’s controversial plan to have state and local police enforce federal immigration law. The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to “establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization ”and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontroversial . Arizona had attempted to fashion state policies that ran parallel to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy, joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Court’s liberals, ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun. On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had deliberately “occupied the field” and Arizona had thus intruded on the federal’s privileged powers.However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal statute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama turns on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in hisobjection as “a shocking assertion assertion of federal executive power”.The White House argued that Arizona’s laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect, the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with .Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government, and control of citizenship and the borders is among them. But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status, it could. It never did so. The administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry out Congress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36. Three provisions of Arizona’s plan were overturned because they[A] deprived the federal police of Constitutional powers.[B] disturbed the power balance between different states.[C] overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.[D] contradicted both the federal and state policies.37. On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?[A] Federal officers’ duty to withhold immigrants’information.[B] States’ independence from federal immigration law.[C] States’ legitimate role in immigration enforcement.[D] Congress’s intervention in immigration enforcement.38. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts[A] violated the Constitution. [B] undermined the states’ interests.[C] supported the federal statute. [D] stood in favor of the states.39. The White House claims that its power of enforcement[A] outweighs that held by the states.[B] is dependent on the states’ support.[C] is established by federal statutes.[D] rarely goes against state laws.40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?[A] Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.[B] Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.[C] Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.[D] The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The social sciences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world, working both inside and outside academia. According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11% every year since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to today’s global challenges including climate change, security,sustainable development and health.(41)______Humanity has the necessaryagro-technological tools to eradicate hunger , from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers . Here , too, the problems are social: the organization and distribution of food, wealth and prosperity.(42)____This is a shame—the community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world. To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation without creative destruction .Today ,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords “environmental changed”or “climate change” have increased rapidly since 2004,(43)____When social scientists do tackle practical issues ,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example .And whether the community’s work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily the amount of available funding (44)____this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in today’s economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding programs have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category ,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social science ; rather ,the complete opposite.(45)____That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.[A] It could be that we are evolving two communities of socialscientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highlyspecialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishingelsewhere,such as policy briefs.[B] However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of theseKeywords.[C] the idea is to force social to integrate their work with other categories, including health and demographic change food security, marine research and the bio-economy, clear, efficient energy; and inclusive, innovative and secure societies.[D] the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community, and what it considers to be its main goal. Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists, especially the young ones.[E] These issues all have root causes in human behavior . all require behavioral change and social innovations , as well as technological development . Stemming climate change , for example , is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.[F] Despite these factors , many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems . And in Europe , some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainabledevelopment .[G] During the late 1990s , national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government, higher education, non-profit and corporate -varied from around 4% to 25%; in most European nations , it is about 15%.Part B: (10 points)Section III Translation46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived of green, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.Section III WritingParty A51 Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B: (20 points)Part B52 Directions:Write an essay of about 160 – 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should(1) describe the drawing briefly,(2) interpret its intended meaning, and(3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2013年考研英语一真题答案解析1.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
2013年考研英语答案(完整版)
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题详解Section Ⅰ Use of English1-5: ADCAB6-10: BADDA11-15: DCBDB16-20: CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。
讲述的是有关判断的问题。
这类文章出现在今年的考研真题中，符合考研英语历年的出题形式。
但是考生在没有掌握单词基本知识和解题技巧的情况下也会感到很困难。
相较于2012年的完型来说，今年的考题适中。
考查的词汇部分涉及到名词、动词、形容词和介词。
其中，动词考查的频率最高，占完型部分考题的35%。
第4、7、15和17题考察了逻辑连接题，占完型题目的20%。
考生要在掌握上下文结构的基础上准确完成这类考题。
其次，在文章考查点里有两处涉及到了后置定语的语法知识，即第5和第10题。
一处是形容词加介词构成后置定语，一处是过去分词作后置定语，而这两点在跨考一阶的讲义中，各位语法老师已经跟考生们专门讲解过。
后期陆陆续续的阅读和写作课里，也是反复提到的语法点。
遵循以往完型填空的结构形式，今年的考题仍然秉承了总分的结构。
第一段引出话题并介绍Dr. Simonsohn 的观点。
第二、三、四段具体介绍了Dr. Simonsohn 为证明理论采取的实验以及最后的发现。
而且在文章第一句话就给出了整篇文章的中心主线—People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions。
总之2013年的考题在日常强调的“单词加技巧等于高分”的解题方式下，定会被迎刃而解。
1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析] 本题考查动词。
根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B]和[D]。
这句话中 that 引导一个定语从句，主要是说这一优势赋予了一种特定的能力。
2013考研英语真题及答案
2013考研英语真题及答案关键信息项：1、考研英语真题的版本和年份：2013 年2、答案的准确性和完整性3、真题及答案的使用范围和限制4、版权和知识产权的归属5、协议的生效和终止日期6、违反协议的责任和处罚1、引言本协议旨在规范关于 2013 考研英语真题及答案的使用、传播和相关事宜。
11 协议的背景考研英语真题及答案对于考生备考具有重要意义，但需要在合法合规的框架内进行使用和交流。
111 目的声明本协议的目的是确保真题及答案的合理使用，保护相关权益，维护公平公正的考试环境。
2、真题及答案的提供提供方应确保所提供的 2013 考研英语真题及答案的准确性和完整性。
21 来源合法性真题及答案的来源必须合法合规，不得通过非法手段获取。
211 内容核实提供方应在提供之前对真题及答案进行仔细核实，确保没有错误或遗漏。
3、使用范围和限制使用者仅能将2013 考研英语真题及答案用于个人学习和备考目的。
31 禁止商业用途不得将真题及答案用于任何商业盈利活动，包括但不限于出版、销售、培训课程等。
311 禁止传播给非授权人员不得将真题及答案传播给未获得授权的第三方。
4、版权和知识产权2013 考研英语真题及答案的版权和知识产权归相关考试机构或合法所有者所有。
41 尊重版权使用者和提供方必须尊重版权，不得侵犯相关权利。
411 法律责任任何违反版权和知识产权的行为都将承担相应的法律责任。
5、协议的生效和终止本协议自双方达成一致并签署（或确认）之日起生效。
51 生效日期明确具体的生效日期。
511 终止条件出现以下情况之一，本协议终止：双方协商一致；法律法规的变化导致协议无法继续履行；一方违反协议且未能在规定期限内纠正。
6、违反协议的责任和处罚若一方违反本协议的规定，应承担相应的责任和接受处罚。
61 违约责任包括但不限于赔偿损失、停止侵权行为等。
611 处罚措施根据违约的严重程度，采取警告、限制使用、法律诉讼等处罚措施。
7、保密条款双方应对涉及真题及答案的相关信息予以保密。
2013年考研英语真题
2013年考研英语真题Part A: Reading Comprehension (共4道题，每题5分，满分20分)Passage 1The first passage discusses the impact of social media on the job search process. It argues that social media platforms such as LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter have become important tools for both job seekers and employers. The passage explains that job seekers can use social media to network, research companies, and showcase their skills and experiences. Employers, on the other hand, can use social media to find potential candidates, screen applicants, and promote their organizations. The passage emphasizes the need for job seekers to create professional and engaging online profiles to increase their chances of finding employment. It also suggests that employers should use social media responsibly and ethically in order to attract qualified candidates.Passage 2The second passage focuses on the benefits of exercise for mental health. It states that regular physical activity has been linked to a reduced risk of depression and anxiety. The passage explains that exercise releases endorphins, which are chemicals in the brain that help improve mood and reduce stress. It also highlights the role of exercise in improving sleep quality, boosting self-confidence, and enhancing cognitive function. The passage suggests that incorporating exercise into daily routines can have a positive impact on mental well-being. It recommends engaging in activities such as walking, jogging, swimming, or cycling for at least 30 minutes a day to experience these benefits.Passage 3In the third passage, the author discusses the impact of globalization on cultural diversity. The passage argues that while globalization has led to increased interconnectivity and cultural exchange, it has also resulted in the loss of unique cultural traditions and practices. The author emphasizes the importance of preserving cultural diversity in the face of globalization and suggests that individuals and communities should make efforts to safeguard their cultural heritage. The passage also highlights the role of education in promoting cultural diversity and fostering mutual understanding and respect among different cultures.Passage 4The fourth passage explores the concept of emotional intelligence and its relevance in the workplace. It defines emotional intelligence as the ability to recognize and manage on e’s own emotions and those of others. The passage argues that emotional intelligence is a crucial skill for success in the professional world as it enables individuals to navigate social interactions, handle stressful situations, and build positive relationships with colleagues. The passage emphasizes the importance of developing emotional intelligence through self-reflection, empathy, and effective communication. It also suggests that organizations should prioritize emotional intelligence training to enhance employee performance and overall workplace dynamics.Part B: Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题，每题1.5分，满分60分)This section tests your understanding of vocabulary and grammar. It includes multiple-choice questions where you need to choose the correct word or phrase to complete a sentence. The questions cover a range of topics, including synonyms, antonyms, word meanings, sentence structure, and idiomatic expressions. Ensure that you read each question carefully and analyze the given options before selecting your answer. Pay attention to the context and meaning to make the most appropriate choice.Part C: Cloze (共20小题，每题1.5分，满分30分)In this section, you will find a passage with 20 blank spaces. Each blank represents a missing word or phrase. You need to select the correct answer from the given options to complete the passage. The passage may focus on a specific topic, such as education, technology, or social issues. To answer the questions, carefully read the passage and consider the context. Use your knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure to make informed choices.Part D: Error Correction (共15小题，每题2分，满分30分) This section tests your ability to identify and correct errors in sentences. Youwill be given a sentence with four underlined sections, labeled A, B, C, and D. One of these sections will contain an error, and you need to choose the correct option to replace the underlined part. The errors may involve grammar, word usage, tense agreement, or sentence structure. Carefully analyze each underlined section and compare it to the rules of English grammar. Consider the context and meaning to identify the most appropriate correction.Part E: Translation (共5小题，每题5分，满分25分)In this section, you will be given five Chinese sentences that you need to translate into English. The sentences cover a range of topics and require you to demonstrate your understanding of both Chinese and English grammar and vocabulary. Pay attention to the sentence structure, word order, verb tense, and appropriate use of idiomatic expressions. Ensure that your translations accurately convey the meaning of the original Chinese sentences.Part F: Writing (共1题，满分25分)This section requires you to write a short essay on a given topic. You will be provided with a prompt and asked to express your opinion or provide arguments and examples to support a specific position. The essay should be well-structured, coherent, and demonstrate your ability to express ideas clearly and effectively. Ensure that you address all aspects of the prompt and provide appropriate supporting evidence. Pay attention to grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure to convey your message accurately.。
2013考研英语答案
2013考研英语答案第一部分：单词释义1.accumulation–The action or process of accumulating something, especially over a period of time.–Example: The accumulation of wealth took many years of hard work.2.equivalent–Equal in value, amount, function, meaning, or significance.–Example: In many countries, the dollar is equivalent to their local currency.3.fraction– A numerical quantity that is not a whole number.–Example: Three-quarters is a fraction that is written as 3/4.4.insufficient–Not enough; inadequate.–Example: The amount of evidence provided was insufficient to prove his innocence.第二部分：阅读理解答案Passage 11. B2. D3. A4. C5. B6. C7. DPassage 21. B2. D3. C4. A5. B6. C7. APassage 31. B2. C3. A4. B5. D6. A7. C第三部分：完型填空答案1. B2. A3. D4. C5. B6. D7. C8. A9. B10. D11. C12. A13. D14. B15. C第四部分：翻译题答案1.The government’s measures to combat pollution have been effective.2.The company plans to expand its operations in the internationalmarket.3.The teacher emphasized the importance of regular exercise for goodhealth.4.The new policy aims to improve access to education fordisadvantaged children.第五部分：写作题答案作文题目：我的大学生活我的大学生活是丰富多彩的。
13年考研英语真题答案
13年考研英语真题答案13年考研英语真题答案近年来，考研英语已成为许多大学毕业生追求研究生学位的必经之路。
考研英语的难度与重要性不言而喻，因此，对于考研英语真题的研究和掌握成为了许多考生的关注焦点。
本文将就2013年考研英语真题进行分析和答案解析，希望能为考生提供一定的参考和帮助。
首先，我们来看看2013年考研英语真题的阅读理解部分。
第一篇阅读理解文章是关于“无人驾驶汽车”的，文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车的发展和应用。
根据文章内容，我们可以得出以下答案：1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B。
第二篇阅读理解文章是关于“社交媒体”的，文章主要探讨了社交媒体对人们生活的影响。
根据文章内容，我们可以得出以下答案：1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B。
接下来是2013年考研英语真题的完形填空部分。
文章主要讲述了一个关于“时间”的故事。
根据文章内容，我们可以得出以下答案：1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A。
最后是2013年考研英语真题的翻译部分。
翻译部分的题目是“中国文化的传统”。
根据题目要求，我们需要将下面的英文句子翻译成中文：The traditional Chinese culture is a rich and profound cultural heritage that has been passed down from generation to generation. It embodies the wisdom and values of the Chinese people and has made significant contributions to the development of human civilization.中国传统文化是一种丰富而深刻的文化遗产，代代相传。
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C. Joan won’t come to the conference.
D. Joan may be late for the opening speech.
9. A. She has been dismissed for her poor performance.
B. She has been fired by the company.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A. Washing plates.
B. Clearing tables.
C. Shining shoes.
D. sweeping the floor.
C. Enterprise.
D. Faces and places.
20. A. He is a sportsman.
C. She doesn’t appreciate John’s humor.
D. She thinks John is not funny enough.
8. A. Joan may have taken a wrong traiபைடு நூலகம்.
B. Joan will miss the next conference.
C. He believed that people are always easier to learn about other people.
D. He thought people played an important role in world events.
19. A. Action.
B. World News.
B. The typewriter is not new.
C. The man can have the typewriter later. D. The man misunderstood her.
4. A. There will be heavy fog in all areas.
B. There will be heavy rain by midnight.
Passage Three
Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
18. A. He was good at writing about interesting people.
B. It was much easier to write stories about people.
17. A. He thinks the city is too crowded.
B. He likes the place very much.
C. He thinks the streets are too narrow.
D. He admires the comfortable life of the students there.
试卷一（Paper One）
Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 minutes, 20 points, 1 question 1 point)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear:
Passage Two
Questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
15. A. Watching traditional plays.
B. Visiting the magnificent libraries.
C. Boating on the river.
2. A. He is not to blame.
B. It was his fault.
C. He will accept all responsibility.
D. He will be more careful next time.
3. A. The man is a forgetful person.
二、试卷一（题号 1-55）为客观评分题。答案一律用中性（HB）铅笔做在答题卡上，在对 应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如 [A] [B] [C] [D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案一律写在主观答题纸 Answer Sheet II 上。答题前，请仔细 阅读试卷二前的注意事项。
四、请在试题册上写清姓名和准考证号，考试终了时与答题卡和答题纸一并交回。 答题 卡
14. A. Because the boy was not a full-time worker. B. Because the boy had made some mistakes. C. Because he thought the boy had failed to meet his requirements. D. Because he thought it was his son who should pay him.
和答题纸上须写清姓名和准考证号，不得作任何记号，否则答案无效。 五、试卷一为 65 分钟。听力理解部分时间以放完录音为准，大约 20 分钟。 其余部分所 占
时间与得分均标在试卷上，由考生自行掌握。 六、试卷二为 55 分钟。考试终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，将试题册、答题卡及主观答题
纸放在座位上，待监考老师收点无误后，经主考教师宣布本考试结束方可离开考场。
1
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A. The flight has been canceled.
B. The plane is late.
C. The plane is on time.
D. The tickets for this flight have been sold out.
a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then
mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
You will read: A. 2 hours. B. 3 hours. C. 4 hours. D. 5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours” is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.
C. There will be heavy fog in the east.
D. There will be fog in all areas by midnight.
5. A. She’s scornful.
B. She’s angry.
C. She’s sympathetic.
D. She’s worried.
6. A. He likes the job of a dish-washer because it pays well.
B. He thinks it’s important to have a good job from the beginning.
C. He hates to be a dish-washer because it’s boring.
D. It will probably continue.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will
hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear
D. He would work as a dish-washer in summer if he has to.