方式状语从句讲解
(完整版)状语从句的讲解最全的状语从句讲解
状语从句的讲解就是用一句话作状语分为：时间，地点,方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，目的，比较一、时间状语从句第一次见到你一见到你我就喜欢上了你直到见到你五岁时见到你When， as, while， before， after, since, till/until， as soon as no sooner…than…scarcely…when…hardly…when… the minute the second the instant the moment by the time 截止 immediately instantly directlyeach time every time next time the first time on doing sthwhenwhile 当…时as1。
when 1）当…时/ 延续性动词短暂性动词都可用2）这时/3）届时、到时I was watching TV when my cellphone suddenly rang这时When I was five years old I could speak five languagesThe wet weather will continue tommorow when a cold front is expected to arrive届时到时注意：时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时When my mother came back I had already gone to bed.2。
while 1）从句动词延续性2)同时发生3）对比的意味“然而”4）趁着He taught himself while he worked in a bank 延续性动词当他在银行上班时While we were working they were having a rest.对比While they were having a discussion ， they got very confused。
大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句
大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句2015年大学英语四级考试语法讲解：状语从句1、主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语。
2、若前后主语不一致，则称作独立主格结构。
1、分词作状语(1)条件：状语从句，前后主语一致(2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后(3)省略方式：关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(-ing/-ed)一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
真题示例：When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)A. FacedB. FaceC. FacingD. To face三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句If you work hard, you will succeed.If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。
状语从句知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)14
状语从句知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）状语从句的概念: 用一个句子作状语来修饰动词和形容词，以表明动作发生或状态存在的时间、地点、原因等，这个句子就叫做状语从句。
状语从句的分类：状语从句共分为九大类，包括：时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较状语从句。
下面分别讲解：一、时间状语从句概念：用来表示时间的状语从句，由when, while, as, till, until，before, after, since等引导。
由于时间状语从句的引导词所表示的意思并非一致，不同引导词表达不同的时间，它们在句子中对应的时态、语态等也有所不同。
例如：when /while引导的时间状语从句when引导的从句的谓语动词通常是瞬间动词，也可以是延续性动词。
从句动作可与主语动作通常先后发生也可同时发生。
I was writing when my sister came back.( come是瞬间动词，只能用when引导，不能用while)He often wrote me when/while he studied in Shanghai International Studies University.( study 是延续性动词，while可代替when)While my mother was cooking , I was playing chess with dad. (cook是延续性的动词，cook和play同时发生)I like playing chess while my sister likes reading stories.我喜欢下棋，而我姐姐喜欢看小说。
(while表示对比)when和while的区别还有：while引导的时间状语从句多用于进行时态，而when引导的时间状语从句多用于一般时态。
While we were playing games, our headmaster called me .我们正在做游戏的时候，校长叫我了。
状语从句 讲解及练习
状语从句状语从句在句中作状语，修饰动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句有九种，可以用来表示时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等意义。
一、状语从句的连接词。
⑴时间状语从句①连接词: when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, after, before, whenever②例句: I want to see him as soon as he arrives.Whenever he comes, he brings a friend.⑵条件状语从句①连接词: if, unless, as long as(只要)②例句: Unless you study harder you will never pass the examination.As long as I am alive, I will go on studying.⑶原因状语从句①连接词: as, because, since②例句: As the rain had stopped, we went on working.Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.⑷地点状语从句①连接词: where (在…的地方)②例句: Where there is smoke, there is fire.Put it where we can all see it.⑸目的状语从句①连接词: so that, in order that②例句: Finish this so that you can start another.He set out early in order that he might arrive in time.⑹结果状语从句①连接词: so that, so…that, such…that②例句: The bus broke down, so that we had to walk.He was so angry that he couldn’t speak.He is such a good teacher that we all love him.⑺让步状语从句①连接词: though, although, even if, however②例句: Although/Though he is in poor health, he works hard.Even if it rains cats and dogs, I’ll go.⑻方式状语从句①连接词: as, as if②例句: He does as the doctor advises.I will do it as you tell me.⑼比较状语从句①连接词: than, as…as, not so…as, the more…the more②例句: The work is not as easy as I thought.Actions speak louder than words.The more I look at the picture, the better I like it.二、易混连接词区分。
高中英语--状语从句专题讲解(详细)
注：
“no sooner…than…”,“hardly…when…”引导时间状语从句时，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner, hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句用部分倒装。
as意为“随着，一边…，一边…”,常有以下用法：
a)用于表示两个动作同时或者几乎同时发生。
b)表示两个发展变化中的情况。
c)表示在某事发生的过程中另外一件事发生。
d)表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一动作立刻发生。
before和after引导的时间状语从句
before意为“在…之前”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。
=I hardly told him the news when he stopped listening.
地点状语从句
地点状语从句的引导词有when和wherever。
where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；
where, wherever表示抽象概念的含义时，从句需放在主句前。
When hehad finishedhis homework, hetooka short rest.（先发生+后发生）
When Igotto the airport, the guesthad left.（后发生+先发生）
注：
when还可表示原因，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句；也可以用作并列连词，意为“就在那时”，常构成如下结构：
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.（where表示具体地点）
英语语法讲解状语从句
EG:
• He is absent today because he was ill. • As it is snowingwe shall not go out. • You couldn’t see him for he
wasn’t there.不句首 四. Since you are ill I will go alone.
because as since for
•
语气
because 最强
as
较强
since 较弱
for
最弱
位置 前或后
前 前 后
意义
原因；表客观因果关系；回答 由于；把众人所知的事实当作理由
既然；就对方陈述的事实作为理由 理由；对某一事实进行推断的理由
注：上面所说的ughter returned home last night. 昨晚母亲等到她的小女儿回家才睡 觉
表示地点
二、地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的主要有:where wherever及- where构成的复合词
EG:
1. We shall go where people are kind.
表示结果
• 四、结果状语从句
可以由 • so that • so...that • such...that
so that so…that such…that
• so that 以便、结果表目的和结果 注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的无情态动词表 结果 so…that 如此的…以致于表结果该结构常见于： 一.so+形／副＋that 二.so+形＋aan＋单数名词＋that 三.so＋many/much＋复数名词不可数名词 +that
C． However is he late
高中英语状语从句详细讲解及例句
高考英语状语从句练习与讲解状语从句在句中相当于副词做状语,又叫副词性从句。
状语从句分为时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、结果状语从句和比较状语从句。
掌握状语从句应当引导词入手，注意引导词的词义,引导状语从句的引导词都有词思,所以,了解引导词的意思尤为重要。
引导词按意义分为九类:1)时间when , as , while , till , until , before, after , since2)地点where3)原因because , as , since , now that4)条件if , unless , once .so (as)long as . in case5)让步though , whatever (--ever) as, even though, even if6)目的so that, in order that7)结果so ... that8)比较than, as .. as9)方式as , as if1．I fell asleep when ( as , while ) he was doing his exercises .他正作练习时我睡着了。
（时间状语从句）2．When he arrived in Shanghai , his mother met him at the station .他到上海时，他妈妈到车站接他。
（时间状语从句）3．She always sings as she walks .她总是一边走一边唱。
（时间状语从句）4．I waited until he had finished his work .我等到他做完活。
（时间状语从句）5．It was not long before he told me about this affair .不久，他就告诉我这件事。
（时间状语从句）6．He has worked very hard since he entered the factory 自从他进厂，工作一直很努力。
状语从句知识点讲解及梳理
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类,分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
尽管种类较多,但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似,所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。
现分别列举如下:1、时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until特殊引导词:the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day,the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … whenI didn't realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.2、地点状语从句常用引导词:where特殊引导词:wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3、原因状语从句常用引导词:because, since, as, for特殊引导词:seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, as much as, so much asMy friends dislike me because I'm handsome and successful.Now that everybody has come, let's begin our conference.The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.4、目的状语从句常用引导词:so that, in order that特殊引导词:lest, in case, for fearthat,in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end thatThe boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.5、结果状语从句常用引导词:so that, so… that, such …that,特殊引导词:such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It's such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn't sleep last night.6、条件状语从句常用引导词:if, unless,特殊引导词:as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe'll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7、让步状语从句常用引导词:though, although, even if, even though特殊引导词: as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装),while ( 一般用在句首 ),no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whicheverMuch as I respect him, I can't agree to his proposal.尽管我很尊敬他, 我却不同意他的建议。
状语从句知识讲解和经典试题
状语从句知识讲解基本概念定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。
状语句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。
状语从句一般分为九大类状语从句类别时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句一、时间状语从句1．when, while和as1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
如：When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.When the film ended, the people went back.2）while引导的从句的谓语动词动作必须是持续的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比，同时while引导的从句一般用进行时。
如：While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place.3) as引导一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。
如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.John sings as he works.4) when还可用作并列连词使用，其意义是“那时、这时”，相当于and this/that time.常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing someth ing when…Somebody was about to /going to do something/ on the point of doing sth. when…Somebody had just / hardly done something when…过去时此外when还表示原因“既然”。
状语从句(超详细讲解)
状语从句引导状语从句的从属连词：（包括：时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较等）1时间状语从句：A. *when: 从句可用1)非延续性动词，表点时间=at the time when…2)延续性动词，表段时间，此时可与while / as互换。
注：a)从句中的动作既可与主句动作同时发生b)也可在主句动作之前或之后发生。
后者不可与while/as 两者换用。
.When I got home, he was having supper. b).When(=Before) I got to the party , some guests had left.When(=After)he finished his work, he took a short rest.3）也可做并列连词，“这时”be about to do/ be going to do/ be doing… when…had hardly/just/scarcely/not done…when…*while:1）“在…期间”；从句只能用延续性动词，表段时间=during the time when...2）当“趁着”讲。
3) “尽管” = althougheg.____ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they can’t be solved.A. WhileB. WhenC. AsD. Because3）也可做并列连词，表对比关系，“而”。
*as: 1）“随着”，指动作的进程(with也有“随着”之意，但是介词，只跟短语。
)“一边```一边```”，强调主从句谓动的同时发生。
1._______________he was in Beijing, he made a lot of friends.--->When /While in Beijing,…2._______________he was studying in Beijing, he made a lot of friends.--->When /While studying in Beijing,…--->During the time when he was( studying) in Beijing,…3.______he arrived in Beijing, he received a warm welcome.--->At the time(when )he arrived in Beijing,…/At the time of his arrival, …4. _____ time goes on, the situation is getting worse and worse.5. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner______ the height increases. (从句)--->with the increase of the height. （短语）6. The students took notes ______they listened./ He hurried home, looking behind _____ he went.7. Strike __________the iron is white-hot. 趁热打铁。
英语语法：状语从句八大类型的区分以及知识点讲解
英语语法：状语从句八大类型的区分以及知识点讲解NO.1 副词作状语(1)句子副词：句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单个的词)，反映说话人的观点和看法。
如actually, apparently, certainly, clearly,definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。
作用以及位置：句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)。
Eg:Obviously he can't tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别两者的不同。
I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。
但有些句子副词也可以出现句中。
eg：He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didn't. 他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。
有的句子也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly he didn't say so. 显然他没有这样说。
(句子副词)He didn't say so clearly. 他说得没有那么清楚。
(方式副词)(2)起连词作用的副词连接副词就是连接词，如besides，meanwhile，then, therefore, thus, However,Otherwise, so, yet 等。
作用以及位置：常放在两个句子中间，前面为逗号，后面放连接词，从句之前。
注意：so 也可放在形容词之前做修饰，yet 可放句尾或从句之前。
状语从句讲解及习题附答案
状语从句讲解及习题附答案（一）状语从句概述定义状语从句用作状语，是起副词作用的句子。
位置状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后，时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
（二）状语从句详解1. 时间状语从句引导词用法示例when 意为“当…的时候”。
When引导从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”A liar is not believed when he speaks the truth.说谎者讲真话时也没有人相信。
When he arrives, I’ll call you. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes.while 意为“在…的时候，在…的同时”。
While引导从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，发生时间较长，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。
While有时还可以表示对比。
While I was standing at the window, I saw several boys running along the street.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.as 意为“一边…一边…”。
As引导的动作是延续性的，发生时间较短，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调一前一后。
The writer was angry as he was travelling on a train to London because someone had invaded his “space”.He smiled as he stood up.after 意为“在…之后”。
初中英语状语从句详细讲解与练习(精华版)
对比训练 1
1. __A__ he heard this, he got very angry.
2. I met Lucy__B__ I was walking along the river.
3. __C__ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as
4. 表示“随着…..”.常指一个行为是另一个行为的结果。 As she grew older, she became more beautiful.
while:持续性动词 ／进行时
1.一般或现在情况
e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my homework 2.将来. 情况－V一般现在时或现在进行时 e.g.— I’m going to the post office.
won in the end.
A. After B. before C. when D. then
since引导的时间状语从句
1.常译为“自从……”， 2.主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
1.我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。 We haven’t seen each other since we parted. 常用句型：It has been (is) + 时间段 + since从句
-- While you are there, can you get some stamps for me?
3.过去情况
e.g. I hurt my should while I was doing gym.
When: 1.当…的时候 When I was young, I went to town myself. When he receives the letter, he’ll tell us.
状语从句讲解
连接词when的用法小结
1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以 是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动 作先于主句动作。 2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式： Somebody was doing something/was about to do sth./was on the point of doing sth.(刚要……这时突然……) when…
4.hardly / scarcely……when, no sooner……than 这两个短语都表示刚…就…，可以互换，主句通 常用去完成时。 He had no sooner started out than he felt homesick. 他刚出发就想起家来。
注意： 当hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句子的开头时，主句须用倒装语序。
if，unless，as long as, suppose，supposing，in case，provided
so，so that，in order that， although, though, however (=no matter how), even if, whether…or as，as if，as though as…as，not as … as，than
3.the moment, the minute, the instant, the second 这几个名词短语也可用作连词，直接引导时间状语 从句，表示 “一… 就 ” 。 He said he'd turn on TV the moment he got home. 他说他一到家就打开电视机。 Tell him I need to see him the minute he arrives. 告诉他，他一到我就要见他。 The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom. 铃一响，学生就冲出了教室。
状语从句知识点讲解
状语从句一．时间状语从句常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until,特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner …than, hardly …when, scarcely …whenI didn’t realize how s pecial my mother was until I became an adult.While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.The children ran away from the orchard(果园), the moment they saw the guard.（一）. when, while和as的区别（1）when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。
并且when有时表示“就在那时”。
When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。
(瞬间动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。
（延续性的动词）（2）While引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。
并且while有时还可以表示对比。
例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生)(3) 6. when 和while 都可表示“当.....时....”“这时候.....”when后及短暂性动词（land，come in，meet，leave 等），while后及延续性动词（shop，visit，read，sleep 等）when 后接一般过去式。
状语从句讲解
状语从句定义：在句中作状语的从句是状语从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
状语从句由从属连词引导，从属连词在句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用，状语从句放在句首时，要用逗号，放在句尾时不用。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。
一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。
尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。
状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。
现分别列举如下:一、时间状语从句1.when, while和as的用法(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作.when强调主从句动作的发生有先后。
如：①When he got there, the classroom had been cleaned.他到的时候，教室已打扫过了。
(主句动作发生在从句动作之前)②He went to play football when he finished his homework.做完作业后他就去踢足球了。
(主句的动作发生在从句动作之后)when可作并列连词用，相当于just then，at the time，前一分句多用进行时、be about to或be on the point of doing，表示“正在做..，就在这时发生了另外一件事”或“届时”。
如：①I was reading when he suddenly came in.②I was about to leave when the telephone rang.(2)while强调主句动作发生在从句动作所发生的时间段内，从句的动作必须是延续性动词。
如：①Strike iron while it’s still hot.②Will you please take care of my house while I was away?在这一情况下，从句的动作一定是延续性动词，如果是非延续动词，要用when。
英语状语从句的讲解和例子
英语状语从句的讲解和例子英语状语从句的讲解和例子状语从句是一种从句，它位于句子的其他成分之前，作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、目的、方式、比较等意义。
状语从句中的动词要用陈述句语序，即谓语动词用一般现在时，谓语动词变成主语前有任何插入语时，谓语动词用一般过去时。
1、时间状语从句时间状语从句的关联词有：when，while，as，before，after，since，until，as soon as，hardly…when，no sooner…than，the moment，as long as，whenever等。
例句：1) I will go there when I finish my work.2) We had scarcely arrived when it started to rain.2、原因状语从句原因状语从句的关联词有：as，because，since，now that，for，in that，inasmuch as，as if，as long as，where（as）等。
例句：1) I can't go out because I have to finish my homework.2) As he was ill, he couldn't go to school.3、条件状语从句条件状语从句的关联词有：if，unless，only if，provided（that），supposing（that），in case，on condition（that），even if，so longas等。
例句：1) If it rains tomorrow, we won't go out.2) I will finish the work even if it takes me all night.4、让步状语从句让步状语从句的关联词有：though，although，while，whereas，no matter（how），whatever，regardless（of）等。
状语从句讲解
(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从 句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义。 Turn off the lights before you leave. I will tell him as soon as he arrives. (2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时 态。 He has lived here since 1999. Where have you been since I last saw you?
Before 与 after
1. Finish your homework ________ you go out to play.
2. He had walked three days ________ he found water.
3. It was not long _________ he left his hometown.
填空
1.I ____________ (be) at his bedside since he ________ (become) ill.
2.It _____________ (be) two years since we _______ (be) university students.
3._____________________________________ (一… 就…) he saw the monster, he turned pale.
as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute
I will go there directly I have finished my
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方式状语从句讲解
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2）as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。
汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。
）
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。
（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。
）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。
（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。
）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。