《中式英语之鉴》电子版
中式英语之鉴三
4、 周末许多人睡得很晚。
[误] Many people sleep late at weekends. [正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.
注：英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分，它们分 别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典 型的持续动词，而汉语的“睡”既可表示“上床睡 觉”的短暂动作，如：我昨天11点才睡；也可以表 示“在睡觉”的持续动作和状态，如：他睡了整整 10个小时。原文属于前一种情况，即表示“上床睡 觉”的短暂动作，故应该使用 go to bed。
2、 嘿，小伙子，千万别灰心。
Hey, lad, don't lose your heart. [正] Hey, lad, don't lose heart.
注： lose one's heart (to sb.) 是“心被... 俘虏去，爱上...”的意思， 而 lose heart 才表示“灰心丧气，丧失勇 气或信心”。
√
靠近原则,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越 靠近它所修饰的名词;当从这一点看不出区 别时，就靠词的长短来决定，短的在前， 长的在后。eg.皮影戏是中国古老的民间传
10.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主 义的现代化强国。
We will build our motherland into a s ocialist modern powerful country.
×
We will build our motherland into a m
odern powerful socialist country.
他认为毫无价值的那本书对我们来说却是无价之宝。
7、 我有一个舒适的家。
《中式英语之鉴》电子版
The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish. 中式英语之鉴——大家千万不要犯了哦~所谓[正]和[误]，是为便于比较而设的形式而已，是想借此形式为学生学习巩固英语常用习惯用法起助记提醒之作用。
所谓[正]、[误]是个相对概念，不是绝对的，有很多表达只是得体与不得体、地道与不地道的问题。
考虑初学者接受能力有限，一个单项不益搞得面面俱到或超出能力范围，他们读到的一条只是相对较为得体的一种表达法而已，随着不断的学习，想必其知识自然会扩展和深入的。
总之，我们学的是英语，所以就要尽量按英语的表达法说话、造句，克服中式英语自然是我们努力的目标。
01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。
英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即 jinx。
例：There's a jinxon/Someone'sput a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注： Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。
中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件(1)
中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件一、教学内容本节课我们将深入探讨中式英语的特点及误区，以《中式英语之鉴》教材第十二部分为主要教学内容。
具体包括教材的第三章“常见句型误区”中的第46节，详细内容涉及了中式英语的时态误用、词汇搭配错误以及句子结构问题。
二、教学目标1. 理解并掌握中式英语常见的误区及其原因；2. 学会正确运用英语时态、词汇搭配和句子结构；3. 提高学生的英语表达能力，避免中式英语的干扰。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：正确运用英语时态、词汇搭配和句子结构。
教学重点：识别并纠正中式英语的常见误区。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教师准备：PPT课件、教材、黑板、粉笔；2. 学生准备：教材、笔记本、练习本。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一段中式英语的对话，让学生找出其中的错误，引出本节课的主题。
2. 新课内容：讲解教材第三章第46节的内容，分析中式英语的误区，提供正确表达方式。
a. 时态误用：通过例句对比，让学生了解并掌握不同时态的正确使用方法。
b. 词汇搭配错误：分析常见的词汇搭配错误，引导学生学会正确搭配。
c. 句子结构问题：讲解英语的基本句型结构，让学生学会构建正确的句子。
3. 随堂练习：针对每个知识点设计练习题，让学生及时巩固所学内容。
4. 小组讨论：分组讨论生活中遇到的中式英语现象，分享经验和感悟。
六、板书设计1. 中式英语之鉴（第十二部分）2. 内容：a. 时态误用：例句对比、正确用法b. 词汇搭配错误：常见错误、正确搭配c. 句子结构问题：基本句型结构、正确表达七、作业设计1. 作业题目：a. 根据所给句子，改正其中的时态错误；b. 选择正确的词汇搭配填空；c. 仿照例句，用正确的句子结构表达相同的意思。
2. 答案：见附件。
八、课后反思及拓展延伸2. 拓展延伸：鼓励学生在课后收集生活中的中式英语例子，进行分析和改正，提高英语水平。
同时，推荐阅读相关书籍，深入了解中式英语的成因及避免方法。
重点和难点解析：1. 教学难点与重点的识别；2. 教学过程中的实践情景引入、例题讲解和随堂练习；3. 作业设计中的题目和答案的详细性与实用性；4. 课后反思及拓展延伸的深度与广度。
中式英语
(Chapter 4, textbook)
《中式英语之鉴》The Translator’s Guide to Chinglish，Joan Pinkham编著, 姜桂华协助, 外 语教学与研究出版社, 2000
Part A: Unnecessary Words I. Unnecessary nouns and verbs II. Unnecessary modifiers III. Saying the same thing twice IV. Redundant twins Part B: Chapter 4 (textbook)
II. Unnecessary Modifiers
Unnecessary Adjectives (look for them) 1. Singapore will bar America’s popular female pop star Madonna from staging a show in its territory. Singapore will bar America’s pop star Madonna from staging a show in its territory. 2. The Chinese government took all possible eventualities into account when it made this policy decision × possible eventuality: all possible occurrences 3. Hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses in China × various 4. Imports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this year × foreign
TheTranslator’sGuidetoChinglish《中式英语之鉴》JoanPinkham外语教学与研究出版社
The Translator’Guides to Chinglish《中式英语之鉴》Joan Pinkham外语教学与研究出版社Unnecessary nouns:1)redundant (the meaning is included or implied in other parts of the sentence)A:to accelerate the pace of economic reformB:to accelerate economic reformA:there have been good harvests in agricultureB:there have been good harvestsA:living standards for the people in both urban and rural areas continued to riseB:living standards in both urban and rural areas continued to rise2) category nounsA:promoting the cause of peaceful reunificationB:promoting peaceful reunificationA: this, coupled with the factor of price instability, caused ⋯⋯B: this, coupled with price instability, caused⋯⋯Unnecessary verbs:A:It is impossible for us to accomplish the transformation of the whole society overnight.B: It is impossible for us to transform the whole society overnight.A: they should conduct a careful examination of . B: they should carefully examine⋯..A:until China realizes industrial modernizationB:until China modernizes its industryMore unnecessary verbs:To give guidance to = to guideTo provide assistance to = to assistTo carry out the struggle against = to struggle againstTo conduct reform = to reformTo engage in free discussion of = to discuss freelyTo place stress on = to stressTo exercise control over = to controlUnnecessary verb phrasesA:it is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements of other culturesB:it is especially necessary to assimilate the achievements of other culturesA:all enterprises must pay attention to promoting excellent workers B:all enterprises must see to it that excellent workers are promoted Unnecessary modifiersA:that theory too is a valuable ideological treasure of the PartyB:that theory too is an ideological treasure of the Party’ s popular female pop star Madonna from A: Singapore will bar Americastaging a show in its territoryB: Singapore will bar America’ s pop star Madonna from staging a show in its territoryA:now the government is working hard to improve taxationB:the government is working hard to improve taxationA:previously we used to overemphasize the need for class struggleB:we used to overemphasize the need for class struggleA:hundreds of transnational firms have started various businesses inChinaB:hundreds of transnational firms have started businesses in ChinaA:imports of foreign automobiles have declined sharply this yearB:imports of automobiles have declined sharply this year。
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。（十一）
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。
（十一）上周，我们为大家介绍了短语和从句的位置会对句子逻辑有什么影响。
（此处回顾：《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。
（十））本周，让我们再续前缘，一起看看不同位置会怎样影响句子的信息重心。
短语和从句的位置作者在书中提到：“The emphatic places in a sentence are beginning and end, the end being the more so.”也就是说，句子的开头和结尾往往会留给比较重要的内容。
大家还记得高中时老师们推荐的速读方法吗？通过抓段落的首句和末尾句来掌握段落大意，正是利用了类似的原理。
例11. After more than twenty days of exhausting marches and heavy combat, they reached the Dabie Mountains in late August.2. They reached the Dabie Mountains in late August, after more than twenty days of exhausting marches and heavy combat.3. In late August, after more than twenty days of exhausting marches and heavy combat, they reached the Dabie Mountains.句子大意：经过二十多天的行军和战争，他们在八月底抵达了大别山。
我们可以判断句子有三大比较重要的信息：抵达时间（八月底）、抵达之前（行军和战争）以及抵达这个动作。
这三部分信息的逻辑顺序是清楚的，因此无论如何排列，传达的意思大概都是一样的，但排列顺序不同，强调的重点就会有微妙的不同。
比如上面的三个版本，版本1强调了抵达的时间，而版本2就强调了行程中的艰难（很可能下文会接着说有多艰难），而版本3则强调的是他们“终于”到达了大别山（终于抵达）。
《中式英语之鉴》第2周
《中式英语之鉴》第2周Exercise 11)Since the publication of the Automotive Industrial Policy last July, the "family car" has been one of the hottest topics of discussion in the Chinese press.2 ) the drafting of important documents has been completed ahead of schedule.3 ) we should improve the overall balance of the economy4) this will convince the people that you are sincere in carrying out (or: that you are wholeheartedly committed to) the policies of reform and opening to the outside world5) in the final analysis, the growth of the CPC, the achievement of national independence, and China's advance toward strength and prosperity closely linked to ( or，better: were largely made possible by ) the drive to liberate and expand the forces of production6 ) The last decade of this century will be crucial for laying a foundation and creating good conditions for economic development in the first half of the next.7) as long as the ranks of the Party are closely united and remain vigorous, the cause of socialism is bound to prosper8)if the reform is successful, 'tt will lay a solid foundation for stable development (in China) over the next few decades9 ) the purpose of political reform is to improve and revitalize China'ssocialist system1b) actually, as means of developing the productive forces, different managerial forms can serve both capitalism and socialismI1)when we have dealt with those problems, our established principles and policies will only he carried out more smoothly and perseveringly12 ) What obstacles are we going to run into? As I see it, there are two or three problems that might hold up the growth of our economy.13) Mou Xinsheng, Vice-Minister of Public Security, urged public security organs to cooperate closely with banks in cracking down on white-collar crime.14) Leading comrades of Party committees and governments at all levels should often visit schools，listen to what the teachers and students have to say, and help them overcome their difficulties.15)We are not rich and cannot offer you much financial help, but we can share our experience with our friends, and that too is a kind of help.1b f It was then that Mao Zedong showed his outstanding ability to learn from bath positive and negative experience.17) So China must not allow itself to get out of control; we have the responsibility to ourselves and to all mankind.18 ) We must therefore continue to uphold Mao Zedong Thought am enrich it with new principles and new conclusions corresponding to reality.19) Of course, the report reflects my views, but in the main it embodies collective opinions.2(1y After years of study, the State Bureau of Cultural Relics has agreed to unearth the much-talked-about No. Z vault o# terra-cotta soldiers, Yuan Zhangyi, President of the Terra-cotta Museum, said recently at Lintong, where the museum is located .Exercise 21) Enterprises with exclusively foreign investment should abide by China's laws ( and regulations).2) we should try our best(or:do everything possible)to keep prices from rocketing3 ) The initiative in the war has shifted from the enemy to us.4) there will be a great many economic imbalance，which it will take a long time to remedy5 ) people who have made mistakes should be allowed to compensate by performing good deeds, provided they quickly come to realize their mistakes and make up their minds to mend their waysb) industrial enterprises should manufacture products for both military and civilian use7) We must expand and accelerate the production of import substitutes.8) although the campaign is necessary, it should not go beyond these three months9) We should expand the patriotic health campaign and improve the system of primary health Bare and the training of health workers at the grass roots.10) We veterans should take advantage of this opportunity to read and increase our knowledge; if we let it slip, we may regret it when it's too late.11)Family planning should be combined with efforts to help poor areas become prosperous.12) cadres should adopt an active attitude toward this work (Or. better: cadres should take an active interest in this world13) Promoting socialist cultural and ideological progress. (Car，better: Promoting progress in socialist culture and ideology.)14) There will be full employment.15) Our policy is firm, and we are not going to change it.1b) friendly contacts and trade relations between the Chinese a} Japanese peoples have steadily developed (or: expanded)17) To promote democracy at the village level and to advance rural development, governments at different levels must implement the Organic Law of Villagers’Committees, ensuring that villagers manage their own affairs.18) This does toot mean, however, that we can concentrate (exclusively) on industrial development to the neglect of agriculture which nowrepresents nearly 90 per cent of the economy.19) We must, in particular, put a stop to the unauthorized use of arable land and the destruction of forests，and promote the planting of trees and grass in both town and country.20 ) This year we hope to make great progress in this regard.。
2024年中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件
2024年中式英语之鉴第十二部分课件一、教学内容本次教学内容选自《中式英语之鉴》第十二部分，详细内容涉及第三章“从句型到句式”的第46节，重点探讨如何将中式句型转换成地道的英文句式，提高英语表达的准确性和自然度。
二、教学目标1. 掌握常见的中式句型及其对应的英文句式，提高英语表达的准确性。
2. 能够在实际语境中灵活运用所学句式，增强英语口语和书面语的连贯性。
3. 培养学生的跨文化交际意识，提高其英语实际运用能力。
三、教学难点与重点教学难点：中式句型与英文句式的转换，以及在实际语境中的灵活运用。
教学重点：常见中式句型的识别与改写，地道英文句式的构建。
四、教具与学具准备1. 教具：PPT课件、黑板、粉笔。
2. 学具：笔记本、教材、文具。
五、教学过程1. 导入：通过展示一组实际语境中的中式英语例句，让学生找出其中的问题，引出本节课的主题。
2. 新课内容讲解：a. 讲解常见的中式句型及其问题所在。
b. 对比分析中式句型与英文句式的差异，引导学生掌握转换方法。
c. 举例说明如何在实际语境中运用所学句式。
3. 例题讲解：选取具有代表性的例题，详细讲解解题思路和步骤。
4. 随堂练习：布置相关练习题，让学生巩固所学内容。
5. 小组讨论：分组讨论实际语境中的问题，培养学生团队协作和解决问题的能力。
六、板书设计1. 《中式英语之鉴》第十二部分2. 主要内容：a. 常见中式句型及其问题b. 中式句型与英文句式的转换方法c. 实际语境中的句式运用七、作业设计1. 作业题目：2. 答案：a. （答案略）b. （答案略）八、课后反思及拓展延伸1. 反思：本次课程中，学生对中式句型与英文句式的转换掌握程度如何？哪些环节需要加强？2. 拓展延伸：a. 鼓励学生阅读英文原版书籍，提高英语语感。
b. 建议学生关注日常生活中的中式英语现象，进行自我纠正和改进。
c. 组织英语角活动，让学生在真实语境中练习所学句式，提高英语实际运用能力。
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。（十）
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。
（十）上周，我们为大家介绍了代词和先行词，包括正确使用代词和先行词的四个要点，大家还记得是哪四个要点吗？（点击此处回顾）这周，我们来看一下短语和从句的位置。
短语和从句的位置英文中，有很多词可以通过变换形式来变换词性，如read, reader, reading，也有很大一部分词语的一种形式就能够用作多个词性，如meet。
不过，词性归词性，一个单词在短语或句子中的位置可能会影响这个词与前后文的逻辑关系，我们来看一下作者举的例子，体会一下同为student，在短语中起到的作用有什么不同：the student wrote a letter 动作的发生者I addressed the student动作的直接宾语I wrote the student a letter 动作的间接宾语my letter to the student动作的对象可以看出，一个词语在短语中的位置，决定了它在短语中发挥的作用，以及和周围的词产生的联系。
此外，单词的顺序（word order）还是影响单词在意群中逻辑关系的一个重要因素。
我们来看下面这几个例子：•the achievement of this purpose 实现这个目的•the purpose of this achievement 成就的目的是什么•An army private 军队里面的一个普通士兵•a private army 私人军队•We soon came to that conclusion too. 很快就要得出结论了•We came to that conclusion too soon. 太早下结论了这一点相信大家早已经有所体会，词序对我们在英文中的应用也算不太上一个非常难的知识点。
但事实上，比较少得到我们关注的短语或从句的位置，也会对句子的意思产生影响。
为什么这么说呢？让我们来看一下作者的答案。
作者在书中表示，短语和从句的位置会在两个方面对含义产生影响：1. logical order 逻辑顺序2. emphasis信息重心这周，我们先来看一下语序对逻辑顺序的影响。
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。（十三）
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。
（十三）上周我们一起学习了垂悬分词和垂悬动名词这两种垂悬结构错误，不知道大家都还记得吗？今天我们来看一下剩下的三种常见错误类型：垂悬不定式、非基于动词形式的介词短语和独立形容词。
垂悬不定式Dangling infinitives 垂悬不定式不定式不根据人称、数量和时态的变化而变化，永远是to do结构，所以通常在句首时，因为逻辑主语和句子主语不一致容易导致垂悬结构错误。
举例例1To reach a more objective conclusion, he said, historical, cultural, and other backgrounds of the ethnic groups should be considered when studying religion in China.前半句话“要得出更客观的结论”的主语应该是做研究的人，读者读完第一句期待后面出现的是某人，但是接着往下读，主语变成了“历史、文化等背景”，这就构成了垂悬结构。
另外，这句话的后半句部分when studying religion犯了我们上周讲过的现在分词的垂悬错误，studying的主语也应该是人。
To reach a more objective conclusion, he said, people studying religion in China should consider the history and culture of the various ethnic groups and other aspects of their background.审校把这两个垂悬结构缺失的主语补充了出来，加上people这句话的逻辑就顺了。
例2In order to serve you better, please fill out a deposit slipbefore approaching the window.这是一张贴在银行的告示，告诉人们去窗口办理业务前，最好先填好表格。
中式英语之鉴中文版P175-P187
P175-P187——牛睿译反对“疫病”正如我们在第一章所看到的，如果一个名词是空洞的或多余的，就可以简单地将其删除。
然而，如果它承载的意义的一个必要元件，译者就必须找到其他的方式处理它。
通常的解决办法是转变名词的词性。
接下来我们来看看转变词性的三种方式。
如果这三种都不可行，下面还有一个有效的方法可以选用。
1、用动词提代名词这是最常用也是最先可以考虑使用的策略。
我们在第一章的开始就已经反复使用这个方法来处理“多余的动词+名词结构”（“make an improvement”= “improve”）这个方式还适用于很多情况。
例如：A: Adherence to Marxism is vital to China, and so is adherence to socialism.B: It is vital for us to adhere to Marxism and socialism.（坚持马克思主义和社会主义是至关重要的。
）A: otherwise, there can be no achievements in our workB: otherwise, we can achieve nothing（否则，我们将一事无成）A: such behavior on the part of leading cadres will encourage extravaganceB: if leading cadres behave that way, they will encourage extravagance（领导干部的如此行为方式将会带动铺张浪费）A: reading of newly published materials is also importantB: it is also important to read newly published materials（阅读最新发布的材料也是很重要的）2、用动名词替代名词回忆你所学过的语法知识，动名词是动词的“-ing”形式作名词。
《中式英语之鉴》第8周
《中式英语之鉴》第8周Exercise 71) we do not have the facilities necessary to produce alley steel.2) Unless you master essential skills, you will prove unequal to this kind of job.3) we must make them understand that the struggle in the North-east will be protracted.4) one reason is that we don't have a correct understanding of certain theories and principles, which is why we need to study more theory.5) At the same time, the U. S. government announced that it was severing its diplomatic relations with the Taiwan. authorities,terminating the U. S. -Taiwan Joint Defense Treaty," and withdrawing American troops from Taiwan.6) The principal criteria for judging the success of reform and the open policy are whether they help develop the productive forces of our socialist society, increase our country's overall strength, and raise the people's living standards.7) these different sectors of the economy will have to be transformed in different ways and at different at different speed.8) Cadres are being trained for the land reform and for the people's tribunals, and peasants' associations are being reorganized and expanded.9) "Zhang is always ready to help the farmers, who usually don't know how to plant and care far fruit trees," says Cai Lihong,a doctoral student under. Zhang's tutorship.10) To implement general policies in the transition period and to build socialism, we have to improve the health of ourpeople.11) In order to stabilize currency and prices, we had to balance national expenditures and revenues and guarantee sufficient supplies of goods.12) We shall abolish this class by utilizing, restricting, and transforming the capitalist economy.13) In the nine months since the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee, practice has proved that it was correct to reform prices.14) We estimate that once the money supply in the localities has been reduced, prices throughout the country will become stabilized by November 25.15) unless these problems are handled satisfactorily, our policies cannot be successfully implemented.16 ) The Asian 17evelopment Bank on Wednesday approved two loans, totaling $256 million, to finance projects to alleviate water shortages and reduce air pollution.17) "It is to our advantage to have an efficient system for developing and managing residential property," said Tan Kian Siew, executive deputy general manager of BJ Minghua Properties.18 ) He made these remarks during a talk with Sakurauchi Yoshio and other leading members of the delegation from the Japanese Association for Promotion of International Trade.19) This practice has helped ensure that no needy students will drop out because they are unable to pay their own tuition.20 ) "The authorities in charge of administering State assets should help promote the process,”said Zhang at a seminar organized by the Chinese Institute for Management of State Property.Exercise 81)The West really wants unrest in China. It wants turmoil not only in China but also in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.2) China is estimated to possess 69.4 billion tons of onshore ail reserves, but only 25 per cent of them have been verified.3) Right now the Korean people are confronted with difficulties, but they are holding on courageously, fighting a guerrilla war in the youth and putting up resistance in the north.4) After a successful revolution each country must build socialism according to its own conditions.5 ) No one would come here and invest without getting returns on his investment.b) "The registered capital of the holding company is$30 million, so we lave a,commitment to more investments here，”Wendin said. But he didn't elaborate on when the new joint projects .will be launched. The company reported sales averaging$50 million a year.7 ) Old China was dependent on imperialism not only in the economic sphere but also in the spheres of culture and education; it was exploited economically and polluted ideologically. That was very dangerous. It is now time to expose and eradicate the evil influence of imperialism.8)During the peak season，peasants, compete to sell their eggs, while during the off-season eggs are usually in short supply in the cities.9)Foreign trade has been developing rapidly in Fuxin. It has been continuously growing in variety and volume. Many of Fuxin’s quality products are welcome on the international market.10)During the Japanese and puppet regimes, mast of these position were held by Japanese. But after August 15，1945，the Japanese were replaced by Chinese.11)All these are problems left over from the past. They are acute now because the longstanding semi-colonial, semi-feudal economy hag undergone radial changes. Although these change bring some hardship with them, they are not bad in themselves.12)China's growth has peaked and is expected to slow down next year. Even so, China's economy wilt remain one of the fastest developing in the world.13) At present our government organs are overstaffed. Not all employees have to stay on in government offices; some of them can be transferred to enterprises.14) Yesterday two friends from the former Whampoa Military Academy talked about the March 20th Incident and the Southern Anhui Incident. I was interested in what they had to say, but i had to leave after an hour and a half because of other engagements.15) It cannot be said that every paragraph of this speech I am making today has Peen discussed by the Central Committee. Of course, some of the ideas have been discussed，but others are my own opinions.16) The problem now facing the authorities in Shanghai is to obtain adequate supplies of rice and cotton, and the key question is whether they can mobilize enough transport facilities.17 ) I spent a year in a university after I graduated from senior middle But I didn't learn very much there, because it was the time of the May 4th Movement.18)Prosperity is the common objective of all our nationalities, and we must never lose sight of it.19)Following the Wuchang Uprising of 1911，the Hubeimilitary government set forth the idea of changing the farm of government by establishing a republic of five nationalities, an idea that was also advocated by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.20 ) Summary of a speech made at a national forum of representatives of Customs personnel. It first appeared in People's Daily on October 26, 1949.。
中式英语之鉴英文版
中式英语之鉴英文版英文回答：Chinese English, also known as Chinglish, is a blend of English and Chinese languages that is characterized by the use of English words and phrases with Chinese grammar and syntax. It is often used in informal settings, such as social media, text messages, and spoken conversations.There are several reasons why people use Chinese English. Some people find it easier to express themselvesin this way, as it allows them to use familiar Chinese words and phrases while still communicating in English. Others use it as a way to show their cultural identity or to create a sense of humor.Chinese English can sometimes be difficult to understand for native English speakers, as it often uses words and phrases that have different meanings in English. For example, the phrase "no problem" is often used inChinese English to express agreement, whereas in English it usually means that there is no difficulty.Despite its potential for misunderstandings, Chinese English can also be a valuable tool for communication. It can help to bridge the gap between English and Chinese speakers, and it can provide a unique and creative way to express oneself.Here are some examples of Chinese English:Can you give me a ride? -> Can you dai wo yi tiao lu ma?I'm so hungry. -> Wo hen e.What are you doing? -> Ni zai gan ma?I'm going to the store. -> Wo qu mai dongxi.I love you. -> Wo ai ni.中文回答：中式英语，也称为Chinglish，是一种英语和汉语的混合，其特点是用汉语语法和句法来表达英语单词和短语。
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。（九）
《中式英语之鉴》，中式英语再见。
（九）小伙伴们，几周没见有没有开始想念这个栏目呀？往期文章可在公众号菜单栏“翻译学堂——中式英语之鉴”中找到，有空可以温习一下以前的内容哦！这周，我们继续来聊中式英语，了解一下代词和先行词(pronouns & antecedents) 这个看上去很简单的语言点又会引入我们走入怎样的误区。
我们在第6期讲“重复指称”的文章中已经对代词的使用有所涉及，避免重复指称的方法之一便是用代词代替前面提到的成分，而这个成分就是我们今天要讨论的先行词。
小伙伴们可以点击此处快速复习哦！代词和先行词书中首先给出了正确使用代词和先行词的四个要点：1. 先行词需清晰说明，而非隐含暗示2. 先行词需明确指向，不能模棱两可3. 先行词需靠近代词，不能在中间插入过多干扰成分4. 先行词和代词需在语法上保持人称、数、性的一致接下来，让我们看一下先行词和代词没有符合上述四种情况时，会造成怎样的问题。
1. 先行词未清晰说明。
（1）没有出现先行词，让读者丈二和尚摸不着头脑。
A: The second question concerns close planting. It should neither be spread out too thinly nor planted too closely.这个案例作者未提供原文，让我们推导一下，中文原文大致应该是：第二个问题涉及到了密集种植。
它不应该种得太疏，也不能太密。
这个例子中it就无所指。
在中文语境下，如果我们看到“密集种植”就马上能联想到具体种植作物的画面。
对于中文这么一个特别依赖语境的语言，“它”的出现或许问题不大，因为中文读者会自行补上画面。
但是英文极为讲究句内逻辑，因此出现代词必须有所指。
我们在翻译时就需要将逻辑显化，明确写出代词所指，不能让读者去猜。
B: The second question concerns close planting. Crops should be neither spread out too thinly nor planted too closely.（2）代词锚定到了错误的先行词上，让读者产生误解。
中式英语之鉴内容介绍
中式英语之鉴内容介绍English Answer:A Mirror for Chinglish is a compelling and insightful exploration into the linguistic phenomenon of Chinglish, a hybrid form of Chinese and English that has emerged in the context of globalization and increased intercultural communication. This book serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand the complexities and nuances of this unique language.Through a comprehensive analysis of Chinglish usage in various domains, including business, advertising, and popular culture, the author uncovers the factors that contribute to its formation and the ways in which it reflects the evolving relationship between China and the West. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic factors that have given rise to Chinglish.One of the key strengths of this book is its interdisciplinary approach, which draws on insights from linguistics, sociology, and cultural studies to provide a holistic understanding of Chinglish. The author effectively demonstrates how Chinglish is not simply a linguistic curiosity but a reflection of the complex social andcultural dynamics at play in contemporary China.Moreover, the book provides practical guidance for navigating the challenges posed by Chinglish. It offers advice on how to communicate effectively in this hybrid language and how to avoid potential misunderstandings. This practical dimension makes the book useful for professionals, students, and anyone who interacts with Chinglish in their daily lives.Overall, A Mirror for Chinglish is a highly recommended read for anyone interested in the fascinating world of language and culture. Its insightful analysis, interdisciplinary approach, and practical guidance make it an invaluable resource for understanding and navigating the complexities of Chinglish.中文回答：《中式英语之鉴》是一本引人入胜且富有洞察力的作品，探讨了中式英语这一语言现象。
《中式英语之鉴》电子版
The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish. 中式英语之鉴——大家千万不要犯了哦~所谓[正]和[误]，是为便于比较而设的形式而已，是想借此形式为学生学习巩固英语常用习惯用法起助记提醒之作用。
所谓[正]、[误]是个相对概念，不是绝对的，有很多表达只是得体与不得体、地道与不地道的问题。
考虑初学者接受能力有限，一个单项不益搞得面面俱到或超出能力范围，他们读到的一条只是相对较为得体的一种表达法而已，随着不断的学习，想必其知识自然会扩展和深入的。
总之，我们学的是英语，所以就要尽量按英语的表达法说话、造句，克服中式英语自然是我们努力的目标。
01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。
英语的comet 虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone'sput a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成No dish suits all tastes 或You can never make everyone happy 等。
11中式英语之鉴
Parallel Structure并列结构，即以匹配的形式表达匹配的思想，是英语表达中最基本、最有价值的⽂体之⼀。
它不仅实现了语序平衡，⽽且最⼤限度地强调了观点之间的联系，使得读者可以清晰地接收到作者的意图，并且以最⾼效、有⼒的⽅式总结出来了。
英语中许多最令⼈难忘的台词，从最朴实的⺠间谚语到最优美的⽂学段落，其经久不衰的⼒量都归功于并列思想的并列陈述。
下⾯的⼀些例⼦对于学习英语的中国学⽣来说⽆疑是熟悉的：A penny saved is a penny earned.Where there's a will there's a way.To be, or not to be: that is the question . ...Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure nineteen nineteen six, result happiness. Annual income twenty pounds, annual expenditure twenty pounds ought and six, result misery.对于英语⺟语者⽽⾔，这些谚语或名⾔⼗分⽿熟能详，是⼗分⾃然的。
⚠平⾏结构的表达更简洁、更有⼒、更富有韵律和节奏。
⚠平⾏结构的表达不限⻓度，⽽对于中国的译者⽽⾔，有个很⼤的好处：有助于阐述观点。
Wilson Follett: putting like thoughts into like constructions.⽤相似的结构表达相似的观点（⽤表达形式突出内容）。
这种结构上的相似性也会带来逻辑上的相似性，促进理解。
应⽤平⾏结构的难点The constructions we shall consider are those in which:1. sentence elements are linked by one of the coordinating conjunctions("and,"”or," etc.) 并列连词2. elements are linked by one of the so-called correlative conjunctions ("both . . .and," "not only . . . but also, etc.)关联连词3. items appear in the form of a list or a series of headings (e.g., subtitles in areport) 系列的并列成分4. elements are linked in comparisons ⽐较由并列连词连接的成分常⻅的并列连词有：“and”,”or/nor”, “but”；相对少⻅的有”for”,”so”,”yet”。
chinglish 中式英语之鉴P166-167
10) The practice of hegemonism ([hi'ɡemənizəm]n. 霸权主义 ) and use of power politics are the root cause of the turbulent international situation, and China is opposed to hegemonism and power politics.
In view of the unique importance of the Northeast in the development of the iron and steel industry and of the serious shortage of technical personnel in the region, the conference decided to transfer there large numbers of such personnel from North, East and Central-South China.
12) In view of the unique importance of the Northeast in the development of China’s iron and steel industry and of the serious shortage of technical personnel (n. 人事部门；全体人员 ) in the region, the 人事部门； conference decided on the transfer to the Northeast of large numbers of technical personnel from North, East and Central-South China.
《中式英语之鉴》书籍分享
Thank you!
垂悬成分 平行结构
逻辑连词
总结
补充实例
原译：We must make an improvement in our work.（多余动词 ＋名词）
这是极具中国特色的表达方式：“make”在此句中没有明确意义， 作用很弱，而该句要表达的实际含义，已通过名词improvement表 达。既然make这个动词没有给句子增添任何实际含义，我们就可以 将它删除，将原句改为：We must improve our work.同样的例子还 有：
书籍介绍
这本书十分系统地探讨了中式英语这一非 常普遍的现象。作者把这些加以归类，然 后提供大量的该类别中式英语实例，并逐 一修改，同时还扼要地加以分析。每一章 后面还附有练习，并提供参考答案。
Contents
多余的词 多余的名词和动词
多余的修饰 同意堆叠
总结
重复两次 重复提及
句子结构 名词肿胀
代词与先行词 短语与子句的位置
原译：to accelerate the pace of（赘余名词）economic reform 改译：toaccelerate economic reform 原译：following the realization of（空洞名词）mechanization... 改译：following mechanization... 原译：opposing the practice（类别式名词）of extravagance... 改译：opposing extravagance...
《OR’S GUIDE TO CHINGLISH
书籍分享
作者介绍
Joan Pinkham，美国职业翻译，毕业于哥伦比 亚大学巴纳德学院。曾先后在世界卫生组织联 合国总部担任双语秘书，外文出版社和中央编 译工作过8年，专门给中国翻译工作者翻译的 英译文作修改和润色。8年中她积累了大量的 典型中式英语实例，她根据这些例子把中式英 语的具体表现科学地加以分门别类。
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The English Learner`s Guide to Chinglish. 中式英语之鉴——大家千万不要犯了哦~所谓[正]和[误]，是为便于比较而设的形式而已，是想借此形式为学生学习巩固英语常用习惯用法起助记提醒之作用。
所谓[正]、[误]是个相对概念，不是绝对的，有很多表达只是得体与不得体、地道与不地道的问题。
考虑初学者接受能力有限，一个单项不益搞得面面俱到或超出能力范围，他们读到的一条只是相对较为得体的一种表达法而已，随着不断的学习，想必其知识自然会扩展和深入的。
总之，我们学的是英语，所以就要尽量按英语的表达法说话、造句，克服中式英语自然是我们努力的目标。
01.有他这颗扫帚星，什么事情都办不成。
[误] With a comet like him,nothing can be accomplished.[正] With a jinx like him,nothing can be accomplished.注：“扫帚星”是中国人对“慧星”（comet）的俗称，因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。
在中国古代，“扫帚星”被认为是灾难的预兆，并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事；祸根：（person or thing that is thought to bring）bad luck（to sb/sth）；curse。
英语的comet虽然没有这层含义，但却有一个对应的说法，即jinx。
例：There's a jinx on/Someone'sput a jinx on this car: it's always giving me trouble. “这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西，总给我找麻烦”。
02.萝卜青菜，各有所爱。
[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.[正] Tastes differ.注：Tastes differ/vary是句英语谚语，除此以外，原句还可翻译成No dish suits alltastes或You can never make everyone happy等。
《新概念英语》第三册第23课的标题是：One man's meat is anotherman's poison，表达的很生动。
总之，应采取意译。
03.他一向嘴硬，从不认错。
[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.[正] He never says uncle.注：say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。
主要是男孩们打架时的用语，当一方想制服另一方时，就用命令的口气说：“Say uncle!”这时，有的孩子为了表示不服输，就是不说。
后来，say uncle就成了“服输”的代名词，而not say uncle就相当于“嘴硬”了。
04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。
[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.注：中国人喜欢说“嘴甜”，但honey-lipped更符合英美人的语言习惯。
05.同学们都很讨厌他，因为他经常拍老师的马屁。
[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teacher's ass.[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teacher's boots.注：以前在欧洲，臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在，亲吻他们的靴子。
后来，人们将lick the boots引申为“为了某种目的而讨好某人”，它与汉语的“拍马屁”含义一样。
在美国英语中，“拍马屁”还有另一种说法，即polish the apple，它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。
06.你听说了吗？迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。
[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.注：break up with sb.虽然表示“与某人分手了”，但并没说明是谁先提出来的。
而dump的原意指“倾倒垃圾”，用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。
07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。
[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.注：形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用，但使用的先后次序却有所不同。
在英语中我们一般遵循“靠近原则”，即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词，当从这一点看不出区别时，就靠词的长短来决定，短的在前，长的在后。
原文中最能说明“国家”本质的定语是“社会主义的”，所以socialist要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。
08.我想要一点白酒。
[误] I'd like a little bit of white wine.[正] I'd like a little bit of liquor.注：汉语的“酒”可指任何酒，包括白酒、葡萄酒、啤酒，甚至米酒；但英语中则要分别用liquor,wine,beer及rice wine表示。
所以要注意，英语的wine与汉语的“酒”是有区别的，它仅指点葡萄酒。
而且red wine是红葡萄酒，white wine是白葡萄酒。
09.中华人民共和国主席[误] Chairman of the People's Republic of China[正] President of the People's Republic of China注：以前，我们一直将“主席”翻译为chairman，例如：great leader Chairman Mao（伟大领袖毛主席）。
其实“主席”与chairman并不等义，chairman在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人，它的权力和重要性不及中文的“主席”。
这就是为什么1983年，在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用President一词，并沿用至今。
另外，国内仍有不少词典把“班/级长（学校的）”译为“class monitor”，这是“四人帮”时代的产物，那时的“班长”是专司监管学生的，所以译作“monitor”。
而“班长”的正确译文应该是“class president”。
10.转战南北[误] fight south and north[正] fight north and south注：在地理方位的表达习惯上，中英文有一定的区别。
中国人习惯于先“东西”后“南北”，而且在涉及“南北”时，习惯于先说“南”，再说“北”，如：“南征北战”、“南来北往”等。
而英美人与此正好相反，如“江苏在中国的东南部”英文是Jiangsu is in the south-east of China,而“新疆在中国的西北部”应译为Xinjiang is in thenorth-west of China。
11.人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的现状没有满意的时候。
[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one he's standing on. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got.注：“这山望着那山高”是指人不满足于现状的心理，它在英语中已经有了现成的说法，即the grass is greener on the other hill（他山的草更绿），因此我们借用即可，这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。
12.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。
[误] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.[正] Beijing's winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.注：make one's blood boil是指“激怒某人”，而非“使人激动”。
英语中“使人激动”的说法除了make one excited，还有较为口语化的make one's spine tingle。
13.别听他们胡说八道，根本就没那回事。
[误] Don't listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.[正] Don't be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.注：原文中的“听”不能用listen to来表示，因为listen to指“听”的动作，而原文中的“别听”不是不让他“听”，而是劝告他“不要听信”，因此，用not be fooled by才更达意。
14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋。
[误] People around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.[正] People around here all feel that he is leading a double life.注：affair本身就指“私通”或“暧昧关系”，当然是“婚外”的事，所以outside one's own marriage无疑是多此一举了。