增材制造大型钛合金横梁缺陷分析
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2018年2月第13卷第1期
失效分析与预防
February ,2018
Vol. 13,No. 1增材制造大型钛合金横梁缺陷分析
高翔宇u’3’4,高祥熙u’4,姜涛1’2’3’4,何玉怀口’3’4
(1.中国航发北京航空材料研究院,北京100095; 2.航空工业失效分析中心,北京100095;
3.航空材料检测与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100095;
4.材料检测与评价航空科技重点实验室,北京100095)
[摘要]增材制造大型TG4钛合金横梁成形完成后进行缺陷检查,通过超声检测对梁缺陷的尺寸和位置进行检测,然后通 过线切割对相应位置进行取样,磨制拋光后利用体视显微镜、金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱检测仪的手段,分别对缺陷类型 及形貌进行分析统计,对缺陷附近组织、缺陷内部形貌进行观察分析,对夹杂物成分进行能谱检查,分析得出缺陷类型和形 成原因。结果表明:TG4钛合金横梁的孔洞缺陷为熔合不良造成,与成形过程中局部出现搭接率和和Z轴单层行程A Z匹配 不良的情况有关;夹杂缺陷为氧化物夹杂,是由于熔覆环境受到一定程度的氧气污染,合金熔滴表面反应生成氧化皮夹杂嵌 人基体,氧气的存在同时影响熔合不良孔洞附近组织,使其出现a相增多和富氧a层的现象。
[关键词]钛合金;增材制造;电子束熔融沉积;熔合不良;夹杂;富氧a层
[中图分类号]TG146.23 [文献标志码]A doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1673-6214. 2018.01.008
[文章编号]1673-6214(2018)01-0043-06
Defects Analysis of Large Additive Manufacturing Beam of Titanium Alloy GAOXiang-yu1,2,3,4’GAOXiang-xi1,3,4’JIANGTao1,2,3,4’HEYu-huai1,2,3,4
(1. AECC Beijing Institute of A eronautical Materials’Beijing 100095, China;
2. Failure Analysis Center of A viation Industry Corporation of China’Beijing 100095’China;
3. Beijing Key Laboratory of A eronautical Materials Testing and Evaluation’Beijing 100095’China;
4. Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials Testing and Evaluation’Beijing 100095’China) Abstract:After forming’TC4 Titanium alloy additive manufacturing beams were inspected for defects. Defect size and position were tested by ultrasonic inspection and samples were cut down by WEDM. Afterwards, samples were prepared for metallographic analysis. The types and morphology of defects were tested and analyzed by stereoscopy, OM, SEM and EDS analysis. Besides’the micro-morphology near defects was observed and the chemical composition of inclusions was tested by EDS. The results show that the hole defects of titanium alloy beams resulted from poor fusion,which was caused by the mismatch between overlap ratio and Z increment. The inclusion defects are oxide inclusions. The forming environment was polluted by oxygen ’so the surface of high temperature molten drop reacted with oxygen’leading to oxide skins’which then were embedded in the beam body. Besides, the micro-structure near poor fusion areas was also influenced by oxygen,where a phase increased and oxygen-rich a layers formed.
Key words:titanium alloy;additive manufacturing;EBFF;poor fusion;inclusion;oxygen-rich a layer
〇引言
钛合金具有密度小、比强度高、耐腐蚀、耐高 温、可焊接、使用温度范围宽(-269〜600 °C)等 优异性能,在航空领域得到广泛的应用。钛合金
在航空发动机上主要用于压气机叶片、叶盘等,在
飞机结构上主要用于飞机襟翼滑轧、中翼盒形梁、起落架梁、承力隔框等受力结构件中[1]。然而,钛合金的工艺性能差,切削加工困难,抗磨性差,在热加工中又非常容易吸收H、O、N和C等杂 质,生产工艺复杂,严重制约其发展空间[2]。自从上世纪90年代以来,增材制造成形技术的出现 和迅速发展力图解决这一问题。增材制造技术以 快速原型技术和高能量热源熔覆技术为基础,利 用“离散/堆积”的制造思想,同时将仅在零件表
[收稿日期]2017年12月25日[修订日期]2018年1月19日
[作者简介]高翔宇(990年-)男,硕士,主要从事金属失效分析与损伤评价等方面的研究。