大桥用英语怎么说
新概念英语第三册17课文
agreeable adj.宜人的；同意的
agreeable situation/weather宜人的地方/天气
an agreeable young man 讨人喜欢的年轻人
The students were agreeable to my suggestion. to disagree in an agreeble way 以温和的方式表达不同的意见 an agreeable voice 声音悦耳
a length of steel tube 一根钢管 2.长度
breadth [bredθ] 宽度 （抽象含义)
a breadth of mind 心胸开阔‘
a breadth of outlook 有真知灼见
width [wɪdθ] 宽度（具体意义） 6 meters in width/6 meters wide height n.高度 3 meters in height / 3 meters high
questions
1.What is the name of the bridge? 2.What is its span? 3.How many towers has it got? 4.What do these towers support? 5.What are the towers built on? 6.How far under the sea do the platforms go? 7.How far above the surface do the towers rise? 8.What is the bridge suspended from? 9.How many lengths of wire does each of these cables contain? 10.How is the bridge?
南京长江大桥英语
南京长江大桥（Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge）英语1. IntroductionThe Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, also known as the Nanjing Great Bridge, is a famous bridge that spans over the Yangtze River in Nanjing, China. It is an iconic landmark and an engineering marvel. Opened to traffic in 1968, it is the first highway-railway double-decked bridge in the country and has played a significant role in connecting the northern and southern parts of China. In this document, we will explore the history, design, and significance of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.2. HistoryThe idea of constructing a bridge over the Yangtze River in Nanjing was first proposed in the early 20th century. However, due to various political and economic challenges, the project was delayed for several decades. Construction finally began in 1960 and was completed in 1968.During the construction process, thousands of workers contributed their efforts to build this magnificent bridge. The bridge was designed by a team of Chinese engineers led by Professor Zhaohua Wang. Its construction marked a significant milestone in China’s engineering and transportation sectors.3. DesignThe Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge has a total length of 4,589 meters and a main span of 1,576 meters. It consists of two levels: the upper level carries a six-lane highway, while the lower level is used for railways. The bridge’s unique design allows for efficient transportation of both vehicles and trains, making it a crucial transportation link between northern and southern China.T he bridge’s towers stand at a height of 70 meters, supporting the suspension cables that hold the bridge up. The elegant design of the towers, with their intricate latticework, adds to the overall aesthetic appeal of the bridge.4. SignificanceThe Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge holds immense historical and cultural significance for the people of China. It not only facilitated transportation and trade between different regions but also served as a symbol of national pride and progress.The bridge played a crucial role during both times of peace and war. During the Chinese Civil War, it served as a crucial transportation route for troops and supplies. It also connected the vital Beijing-Shanghai railway line, promoting economic development in the region.Today, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is not only a transportation hub but also a popular tourist attraction. Visitors can enjoy stunning views of the Yangtze River and the city of Nanjing from the bridge’s pedestrian walkways. It hasbecome a symbol of China’s engineering prowess and a testament to the country’s rich history.5. ConclusionThe Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge stands as a testament to human ingenuity and engineering excellence. Its construction and continued operation serve as a reminder of China’s progress and development. As a landmark that connects north and south, it plays a key role in facilitating transportation and promoting economic development. Whether as a transportation hub or a tourist attraction, the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge is an iconic structure that will continue to captivate visitors and inspire awe for generations to come.。
江阴长江大桥的英语作文
江阴长江大桥的英语作文English: The Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge, also known as the Jiangyin Bridge, is a suspension bridge that spans the Yangtze River in Jiangsu, China. It is an important transportation link between Jiangyin and Yangtze River Delta economic zone. The bridge is 6,768 meters long and has a main span of 1,385 meters, making it the 12th longest suspension bridge in the world. The construction of the bridge began in 1997 and was completed in 1999. The bridge has significantly improved the local transportation infrastructure, reducing travel time between Jiangyin and the surrounding areas. It has also facilitated economic development and promoted regional integration.中文翻译: 江阴长江大桥，也称为江阴大桥，是一座横跨长江的悬索桥，位于中国江苏省。
它是江阴与长江三角洲经济区之间的重要交通枢纽。
大桥全长6768米，主跨1385米，是世界上第12长的悬索桥。
大桥的建设始于1997年，于1999年完工。
大桥显著改善了当地的交通基础设施，缩短了江阴与周边地区的旅行时间。
交通工具的英语单词大全常用词汇
交通工具的英语单词大全常用词汇每个人都要乘坐不同的交通工具,大家知不知道各种交通工具的英语怎么说?以下是店铺给大家带来交通工具常用英语单词，供大家参阅! 交通工具英语单词bus公共汽车car小汽车plane 飞机bike自行车motobike 摩托车Benz, Mercedes-Benz 奔驰Cadillac 卡迪拉克Chrysler 克莱斯勒Chevroler 雪佛莱Citroen 雪铁龙Ford 福特ferry 轮船Honda 本田Helicopter 直升飞机Mazda 马自达Mustang 野马Porsche 保时捷Renault 雷诺Rolls-Royce 罗尔斯罗伊斯Santana 桑塔纳Toyota 丰田Volvo 沃尔沃, 富豪Volkswagen 大众first gear 一档second gear 二档reverse 倒车档two-stroke engine 二冲程发动机diesel 柴油机limousine 豪华轿车drophead 活动车篷汽车 (美作:convertible) racing car 赛车saloon 轿车 (美作:sedan)roadster 敞蓬车wecker, beat-up car, jalopy 老爷车notchback 客货两用车four-wheel drive 四轮驱动front-wheel drive 前轮驱动trailer 拖车station wagon 小旅行车truck 卡车compact car 小型汽车light-van 小型货车garbage truck 垃圾车automobile carrier 货运卡车fire engine 消防车tractor 牵引车ambulance 救护车taxi 出租车, 计程车trailer truck 拖车sports car 跑车formula car 方程式赛车, 方程式汽车mail car 邮车jeep 吉普车bloodmobile 血浆车bumper car 碰撞用汽车camper 露营车police car 警车wrecker 清障车ambulance 急救车train 火车underground 地铁shinkansen 新干线旅游景点英语单词西湖十景 Ten Views of the West Lake断桥残雪 Melting Snow at Broken Bridge平湖秋月 Autumn Moon over the Calm Lake曲院风荷 Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard 双峰插云 Twin peaks piercing Clouds苏堤春晓 Spring Dawn at Su Causeway三潭印月 Three pools mirroring the moon花港观鱼 Viewing Fish at flower harbor南屏晚钟 Evening bell at Nanping hill雷峰夕照 Sunset glow at Leifeng pagoda柳浪闻莺Orioles singing in the willows新西湖十景 Ten New Views of the West Lake宝石流霞 Precious stone hill floating in rosy clouds 黄龙吐翠Yellow Dragon cave dressed in green满垅桂雨Sweet osmanthus rain at Mannjuelong虎跑梦泉 Dream of the tiger spring九溪烟树 Nine creeks in misty forest龙井问茶 Enjoying tea at dragon well云栖竹径 Bamboo-lined path at Yunqi玉皇飞云 Flying clouds over jade Emperor hill吴山天风 Sky wind over Wu Hill阮墩环碧 Ruan Gong islet submerged in greenery孤山 Solitary hill楼外楼 LOU wailou restaurant西泠印社Xiling Seal-Engravers’ Society西泠桥和苏小小墓 Xiling bridge and Su xiaoxiao tomb岳飞庙和墓Yue Fei’s temple and his tomb杭州花圃 Hangzhou flower nursery杭州植物园 Hangzhou botanical garden玉泉Jade spring灵峰探梅 Visiting Lingfeng for plum bolssoms灵隐寺 Lingyin Temple杨公堤 Yang Gong causeway郭庄Guo’s villa涌金池 YOngjin pool钱王祠King Qian’s temple长桥 Long bridge六和塔 Six harmonies pagoda( Liuhe pagoda)旅游著名景点英语单词bore-watching 看潮Qiantang Tide 钱塘潮Dragon Well tea 龙井茶Tea-picking 采茶Tea House 茶Hangzhou dishes 杭帮菜Silk city 丝绸城Hu Xueyan’s Former Residence 胡雪岩故居The Street of clothes for women in Wulin Road 武林路女装街Yellow Dragon Sports Center 黄龙体育中心Great Pyramid Of Giza 吉萨金字塔Christ Redeemer 救世主耶稣雕像The Taj Mahal 泰姬陵The Roman Coliseum 古罗马竞技场The Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔The Statue Of Liberty 自由女神像The Forbidden City 故宫The Great Wall Of China 长城Big Ben 大本钟Church Of the Sacred Fam. 圣家族大教堂Machu Picchu 马丘比丘The Acropolis 雅典卫城Alhambra 阿罕布拉宫Angkor Wat 吴哥窟Statues Of Easter Island 复活节岛雕像The Hagia Sophia 圣索菲亚大教堂Red Square 红场Neuschwanstein Castle 新天鹅堡Stonehenge 史前巨石柱群Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院Leaning Tower Of Pisa 比萨斜塔Luxor Temple 卢克索神庙Teotihuacán 特奥蒂瓦坎Bagan Temples and Pagodas 蒲甘佛寺和佛塔Serengeti Migration 塞伦盖蒂野生动物大迁徙Iguazu Falls 伊瓜苏大瀑布Victoria Falls 维多利亚瀑布Grand Canyon 大峡谷Mount Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Louvre Museum 卢浮宫The T ower Of London 伦敦塔Millennium Wheel 伦敦眼British Museum 大英博物馆The Terracota Warriors 秦始皇兵马俑Versailles Palace 凡尔赛宫The Brandenburg Gate 勃兰登堡门Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫The Temple Of Heaven 天坛The Trevi Fountain 许愿泉Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥Arc De Triomphe 凯旋门The Champs Élysées 香榭丽舍大街The Cinquantenaire Park 五十周年公园The Vatican Museums 梵蒂冈博物馆The State Hermitage Mus. 冬宫博物馆The Cibeles Square 西贝莱斯广场El Prado Museum 普拉多博物馆The Summer Palace 颐和园oriental Pearl TV Tower 东方明珠电视塔The Jin Mao Building 金茂大厦The Petronas Twin Towers 国油双峰塔The Wailing Wall 哭墙Potala Palace 布达拉宫St. Peter's Basilica 圣彼得大教堂St. Peter's Square 圣彼得广场Timbuktu 廷巴克图Galápagos Islands 加拉帕戈斯群岛Amazon Rainforest 亚马逊雨林Harbor Of Rio De Janeiro 里约热内卢港Parícutin Volcano 帕里库廷火山Kiyomizu Temple 清水寺Kremlin 克里姆林宫。
英文bridge的汉语是什么意思
英文bridge的汉语是什么意思bridge的汉语意思英 [brɪdʒ] 美 [brɪdʒ]第三人称单数：bridges第三人称复数：bridges现在分词：bridging过去分词：bridged过去式：bridged名词桥; 桥牌; 鼻梁; 起联系作用的东西及物动词在…建桥，架桥于…之上; 通过桥横跨相关例句及物动词1. They chopped down a tree to bridge the stream.他们砍下一棵树在小溪上架起一座桥。
2. Politeness will bridge a lot of difficulties.待人以礼，会帮你度过不少难关。
bridge的单语例句1. One man said he was riding a bicycle across a bridge over the Metro tracks when the sound of the collision got his attention.2. Henley Business School's masters programmes bridge the gap between theory and practice, inspiring students to develop skills and knowledge that will significantly enhance their future career opportunities.3. Punters can perch on a raised platform that runs along its periphery to gaze at the bustling bridge and watch boats float below.4. Even the man himself readily admits he wouldn't have been surprised to have been ushered out of Stamford Bridge by now.5. The court said Odell resisted attempts by police and hospital staff to restrain her while acting suicidal on a bridge in Stockholm in January.6. The ceiling drug prices set by the NDRC have only helped bridge the gap between the maximum retail prices and tender prices.7. The proposed wind farm may even be located by the East China Sea Bridge to fuel a new residential area to be constructed nearby.8. The overweight truck crashed into a guardrail and the cab separated from the cargo section and hung over the side of the bridge.bridge的词典解释1. 桥;桥梁A bridge is a structure that is built over a railway, river, or road so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other.e.g. He walked back over the railway bridge.他从铁路桥上走了回去。
长江大桥英语小作文
长江大桥英语小作文Title: The Yangtze River Bridge: A Symbol of Connectivity and Progress。
The Yangtze River Bridge, spanning the majestic Yangtze River, stands as a testament to China's engineering prowess and economic development. Stretching across one of the longest rivers in the world, the Yangtze River Bridge holds significant historical, cultural, and economic importance for the nation. In this essay, we delve into the significance of the Yangtze River Bridge and its impact on China's past, present, and future.First and foremost, the Yangtze River Bridge serves as a vital transportation artery, connecting the eastern and western regions of China. Its strategic locationfacilitates the flow of goods, people, and ideas, contributing to regional integration and economic growth. The bridge plays a crucial role in reducing transportation costs, enhancing efficiency, and promoting trade andcommerce along the Yangtze River basin.Moreover, the Yangtze River Bridge holds immense symbolic value, representing China's modernization and progress. Its construction marked a significant milestone in China's infrastructure development efforts, showcasing the country's ability to undertake large-scale engineering projects. As an iconic landmark, the bridge symbolizes China's ambition, innovation, and determination to build a prosperous future.Furthermore, the Yangtze River Bridge has profound cultural significance, serving as a symbol of unity and solidarity among the Chinese people. Spanning diverse landscapes and connecting disparate communities, the bridge fosters social cohesion and cultural exchange. It has become a source of pride and identity for the people living along the Yangtze River, reflecting their shared history, heritage, and aspirations for the future.In addition to its economic and cultural significance, the Yangtze River Bridge has played a pivotal role inshaping China's urbanization and regional development strategies. The bridge has facilitated the expansion of cities and towns along its route, spurring economic growth, and development in previously remote areas. It has also enabled greater accessibility to education, healthcare, and other essential services, improving the quality of life for millions of people.Looking ahead, the Yangtze River Bridge will continue to serve as a catalyst for China's socioeconomic development and integration. As China embarks on its journey towards building a modern, innovative, and sustainable society, the bridge will remain a vital lifeline, connecting people, communities, and economies across the nation. Its legacy will endure for generations to come, inspiring future generations to dream big, think boldly, and work together to achieve shared prosperity.In conclusion, the Yangtze River Bridge stands as a symbol of connectivity, progress, and unity in China. Its significance extends far beyond its physical structure, encompassing economic, cultural, and social dimensions. AsChina continues to embrace globalization and pursue sustainable development, the Yangtze River Bridge will remain a beacon of hope and opportunity, bridging divides and forging a brighter future for all.。
港珠澳大桥
港珠澳大桥 - 跨海大桥港珠澳大桥（英语：Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge）；葡萄牙语：Ponte Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau）是东亚建设的跨海大桥，连接香港大屿山、澳门半岛和广东省珠海市，工程路线起自香港国际机场附近的香港口岸人工岛，向西接珠海/澳门口岸人工岛、珠海连接线，止于珠海洪湾，总长约55公里（其中珠澳口岸到香港口岸约41.6公里）。
1983年，香港的建筑师胡应湘最早提出了建造港珠澳大桥想法；2009年12月15日，港珠澳大桥正式开工建设；2016年9月27日港珠澳大桥主体工程全线贯通。
2017年5月2日，港珠澳大桥沉管隧道顺利合龙。
7月7日，港珠澳大桥海底隧道段的连接工作顺利完成。
2018年10月24日上午9时正式通车，小客车通行费每车次150人民币。
基本信息港珠澳大桥，属于G94100-120公里。
工程路线起自香港国际机场附近的香港口岸人工岛，向西接珠海/澳门口岸人工岛、珠海连接线，止于珠海洪湾，路线总长为55公里。
跨越珠江口伶仃洋海域，是以公路桥的形式连接香港、珠海及澳门的大型跨海通道。
港珠澳大桥的起点是香港大屿山，经大澳，跨越珠江口，最后分成Y字形，一端连接珠海，一端连接澳门。
整座大桥将按六车道高速公路标准建设，设计行车时速每小时一百公里。
1983年，港珠澳大桥计划的构想最初在提出，大桥的建成将对珠江三角洲地区的很多方面产生影响，例如在交通方面，从香港到珠海的公路交通将从三、四小时缩短到几十分钟。
获得荣誉港珠澳大桥创多个世界之最最长：港珠澳大桥全长5664米的海底隧道，由33节钢筋混凝土结构的沉管对接而成，是世界上最长的海底沉管隧道。
最大：沉管隧道浮在水中的时候，每一节的排水量约75000吨，而辽宁号航母满载时的排水量也只有67500吨。
最重：沉管预制由工厂化标准生产，使用钢筋量相当于埃菲尔铁塔。
在这75000吨重的沉管下面，是预先安装好的256个液压千斤顶。
小学英语口语教材：海湾地区的大桥
小学英语口语教材：海湾地区的大桥The Golden Gate Bridge is perhaps the most famous bridge in the world. It is famous for its size, location, and color. It is nearly 9,000 feet long, and above water its towers are 740 feet tall. Its unique color is officially known as "orange vermillion." Thousands of ships sail under it every year, and believe it or not, the U.S. Navy originally wanted it to be painted black and yellow so it would be easy to see.金门大桥可能是世界上最的大桥。
这座大桥因规模、位置和颜色而出名。
大桥的长度接近9000英尺，水上高度740英尺。
大桥独特的颜色被正式命名为朱橙色。
每年有数千艘船只从桥下航行，信不信由你，美国海军以前想把这座桥刷成黑色和黄色，这样很容易看到。
People often think the Golden Gate Bridge is named after the color of its paint. In actuality, the bridge is named for the color of the water in the bay. On a clear day, when the sun sets at dusk, the water turns from blue to gold, due to light from the sun reflecting off the water. When this happens, the entire inlet, or "gate" of water, becomes golden.人们通常认为金门大桥是由颜色而命名的。
英文bridge意思
英文bridge意思Bridge是一个英文单词，它有多种含义和用法。
在不同的语境下，bridge可以表示不同的意思。
下面将根据不同的类别，分别介绍bridge 的含义。
1.桥梁Bridge最常见的含义是桥梁。
桥梁是连接两个地方的建筑物，可以是人行桥、车行桥或铁路桥。
Bridge在这个意义上通常用于描述建筑物的结构和功能。
例如，The Golden Gate Bridge is a famous landmark in San Francisco.（金门大桥是旧金山的一个著名地标。
）2.连接Bridge还可以表示连接的意思。
它可以用于描述连接两个不同的事物或人之间的关系。
例如，The new project will bridge the gap between the rich and the poor.（这个新项目将弥合富人和穷人之间的差距。
）在这个例子中，bridge表示连接两个不同的社会群体。
3.扮演桥梁的角色Bridge还可以表示扮演桥梁的角色。
这个意思通常用于描述人或组织在不同群体之间建立联系的能力。
例如，The United Nations is working to bridge the gap between different cultures and religions.（联合国正在努力弥合不同文化和宗教之间的差距。
）在这个例子中，bridge表示联合国在不同文化和宗教之间建立联系的能力。
4.纸牌游戏Bridge还是一种纸牌游戏。
这个游戏通常由四个玩家组成，分为两个队伍。
每个玩家手中有13张牌，游戏的目标是通过出牌和叫牌来赢得分数。
Bridge是一种复杂的游戏，需要玩家具备高度的智力和策略性。
总之，Bridge是一个多义词，可以表示桥梁、连接、扮演桥梁的角色和纸牌游戏。
在不同的语境下，bridge可以有不同的含义和用法。
熟练掌握这个单词的不同含义，可以帮助我们更好地理解和运用英语。
新概念英语第三册17课文
estimate v./n.估计
underestimate 低估 / overestimate 高估 At a rough estimate,the car is worth 500 thousand RMB. They estimated the number of visitors at 10 million.
by no means（= not by any means = not at all）
He is by no means satisfied with a job. He isn't satisfied with a job at all. He isn't satisfied with a job by any means. in no way绝不可能 In no way should it been seen as a defeat. on no account 绝不 On no account can you tell him the truth. at no time无论何时也不会 At no time did I tell you that you could use my car. --May I bring my son to the party? -- By all means.(no problem)
located过去分词做定语修饰situation I like the village located within two small hills. = I like the village which is located within two small hills. in the midst of which...在...期间；在...位置之间 A great river flowed in the middle of the two hills. in the midst of = in the middle of in the middle of不仅可以表示方位上的中间, 还可以表 示时间上的中间。 in the middle of the river / night /winter in the middle of doing sth.=be busy doing sth.忙于... Can I call you back later?I'm in the middle of a meeting.
桥梁工程英语词汇
结构控制structural controlstructure control结构控制: structural control結構控制: structural control结构控制剂: constitution controller裂缝宽度容许值裂缝宽度容许值: allowable value of crack width装配式预制装配式预制: precast装配式预制的: precast-segmental装配式预制混凝土环: precast concrete segmental ring安装预应力安装预应力: prestressed最优化optimization最优化: OptimumTheory|optimization|ALARA 使最优化: optimized次最优化: suboptimization空心板梁空心板梁: hollow slab beam主梁截面主梁截面: girder section边、中跨径边、中跨径: side span &middle spin主梁girder主梁: girder|main beam|king post桥主梁: bridge girder 主梁翼: main spar单墩单墩: single pier单墩尾水管: single-pier draught tube 单墩肘形尾水管: one-pier elbow draught tube结构优化设计结构优化设计: optimal structure designing 扩结构优化设计: Optimal Struc ture Designing液压机结构优化设计软件包: HYSOP连续多跨多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports拼接板splice barsplice plate拼接板: splice bar|scab|splice plate 端头拼接板: end matched lumber销钉拼接板: pin splice裂缝crack crevice跨越to step acrossstep over跨越: stride leap|across|spanning跨越杆: cross-over pole|crossingpole 跨越点: crossing point|crossover point刚构桥rigid frame bridge刚构桥: rigid frame bridge形刚构桥: T-shaped rigid frame bridge 连续刚构桥: continuous rigid frame bridge刚度比stiffness ratioratio of rigidity刚度比: ratio of rigidity|stiffness ratio 动刚度比: dynamic stiffenss ratio刚度比劲度比: stiffnessratio等截面粱uniform beam等截面粱: uniform beam|uniform cross-section beam桥梁工程bridge constructionbridgework桥梁工程: bridgeworks|LUSAS FEA|Bridge Engineering桥梁工程师: Bridge SE铁路桥梁工程: railway bridge engineering悬索桥suspension bridge悬索桥: suspension bridge|su e io ridge 懸索橋: Suspension bridge|Puente colgante 加劲悬索桥: stiffenedsuspensionbridge预应力混凝土prestressed concrete预应力混凝土: prestressedconcrete|prestre edconcrete预应力混凝土梁: prestressed concrete beam 预应力混凝土管: prestressed concrete pipe预应力钢筋束预应力钢筋束: pre-stressingtendon|pre-stre ingtendon抛物线型钢丝束(预应力配钢筋结构用): parabolic cable最小配筋率minimum steel ratio轴向拉力axial tensionaxial tensile force轴向拉力: axial tension|axial te ion 轴向拉力, 轴向拉伸: axial tension轴向拉力轴向张力: axialtensileforce承台cushion cap承台: bearing platform|cushioncap|pile caps桩承台: pile cap|platformonpiles 低桩承台: low pile cap拱桥arch bridge拱桥: hump bridge|arch bridge|arched bridge拱橋: Arch bridge|Puente en arco|Pont en arc鸠拱桥: Khājū强度intensitystrength强度: intensity|Strength|Density 刚强度: stiffness|stiffne|westbank stiffness光强度: light intensity|intensity箍筋hooping箍筋: stirrup|reinforcementstirrup|hooping箍筋柱: tied column|hooped column 形箍筋: u stirrup u预应力元件预应力元件: prestressed element等效荷载equivalent load等效荷载: equivalent load等效荷载原理: principle of equivalent loads等效负载等效荷载等值负载: equivalentload模型matrix model mould pattern承载能力极限状态承载能力极限状态: ultimate limit states正常使用极限状态serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态: serviceability limit state正常使用极限状态验证: verification of serviceability limit states弹性elasticityspringinessspringgiveflexibility弹性: elasticity|Flexibility|stretch彈性: Elastic|Elasticidad|弾性弹性体: elastomer|elastic body|SPUA平截面假定plane cross-section assumption 平截面假定: plane cross-section assumption抗拉强度intensity of tension tensile strength安全系数safety factor标准值standard value标准值: standard value,|reference value 作用标准值: characteristic value of an action重力标准值: gravity standard设计值value of calculationdesign value设计值: design value|value|designed value 作用设计值: design value of an action荷载设计值: design value of a load可靠度confidence levelreliabilityfiduciary level可靠度: Reliability|degree of reliability 不可靠度: Unreliability高可靠度: High Reliability几何特征geometrical characteristic几何特征: geometrical characteristic 配位几何特征: coordinated geometric feature流域几何特征: basin geometric characteristics塑性plastic nature plasticity应力图stress diagram应力图: stress diagram|stress pattern 谷式应力图: Cremona's method机身应力图: fuselage stress diagram压应力crushing stress压应力: compressive stress|compression stress抗压应力: compressive stress|pressureload内压应力: internal pressure stress配筋率ratio of reinforcement reinforcement ratioreinforcement percentage配筋率: reinforcement ratio平均配筋率: balanced steel ratio纵向配筋率: longitudinal steel ratio有限元分析finite element analysis有限元分析: FEA|finite element analysis (FEA)|ABAQUS反有限元分析: inverse finite element analysis有限元分析软件: HKS ABAQUS|MSC/NASTRAN MSC/NASTRAN有限元法finite element method有限元法: FInite Element|finite element method积有限元法: CVFEM线性有限元法: Linear Finite Element Method裂缝控制裂缝控制: crack control控制裂缝钢筋: crack-control reinforcement检查，核对，抑制，控制，试验，裂缝，支票，账单，牌号，名牌: check应力集中stress concentration应力集中: stress concentration应力集中点: hard spot|focal point of stress应力集中器: stress concentrators主拉应力principal tensile stress主拉应力: principal tensile stress非线性nonlinearity非线性振动nonlinear oscillationsnonlinear vibration非线性振动: nonlinear vibration非线性振动理论: theory of non linear vibration非线性随机振动: Nonlinear random vibration弯矩flexural momentment of flexion (moment of flexure) bending momentflexural torque弯矩: bending moment|flexural moment|kN-m 弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve双弯矩: bimoment弯矩中心center of momentsmoment center弯矩中心: center of moments|momentcenter弯矩分配法moment distribution momentdistribution弯矩分配法: hardy cross method|cross method弯矩图bending moment diagrammoment curvemoment diagram弯矩图: bending moment diagram|moment curve最终弯矩图: final bending moment diagram 最大弯矩图: maximum bending momentdiagram剪力shearing force剪力: shearing force|shear force|shear 剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel剪力钉: shear nails|SHEAR CONCRETE STUD弹性模量elasticity modulus young's modulus elastic modulus modulus of elasticity elastic ratio剪力图shear diagram剪力图: shear diagram|shearing force diagram剪力和弯矩图: Shear and Moment Diagrams 绘制剪力和弯矩图的图解法: Graphical Method for Constructing Shear and Moment Diagrams剪力墙shear wall剪力墙: shear wall|shearing wall|shear panel抗剪力墙: shearwall剪力墙结构: shear wall structure轴力轴力: shaft force|axial force螺栓轴力测试仪: Bolt shaft force tester 轴向力: axial force|normal force|beam框架结构frame construction等参单元等参数单元等参元: isoparametricelement板单元板单元: plate unit托板单元: pallet unit骨板骨单元: lamella/lamellaeosteon梁(surname) beam of roof bridge桥梁bridge曲率curvature材料力学mechanics of materials结构力学structural mechanics结构力学: Structural Mechanics|theory of structures重结构力学: barodynamics船舶结构力学: Structual Mechamics for Ships弯曲刚度flexural rigiditybending rigidity弯曲刚度: bending stiffness|flexural rigidity截面弯曲刚度: flexural rigidity of section弯曲刚度，抗弯劲度: bending stiffness钢管混凝土结构encased structures钢管混凝土结构: encased structures极限荷载ultimate load极限荷载: ultimate load极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimate load design设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL|design ultimate load极限荷载设计limit load designultimate load analysisultimate load design极限荷载设计: limit load design|ultimateload design设计极限荷载: designlimitloadDLL|design ultimate load板壳力学mechanics of board shell板壳力学: Plate Mechanics板壳非线性力学: Nonlinear Mechanics of Plate and Shell本构模型本构模型: constitutive model体积本构模型: bulk constitutive equation 本构模型屈服面: yield surface主钢筋main reinforcing steelmain reinforcement主钢筋: main reinforcement|Main Reinforcing Steel钢筋混凝土的主钢筋: mainbar悬臂梁socle beam悬臂梁: cantileverbeam|cantilever|outrigger悬臂梁长: length of cantilever 双悬臂梁: TDCB悬链线catenary悬链线: Catenary,|catenary wire|chainette伪悬链线: pseudocatenary 悬链线长: catenary length加劲肋ribbed stiffener加劲肋: stiffening rib|stiffener|ribbed stiffener短加劲肋: short stiffener支承加劲肋: bearing stiffener技术标准technology standard水文水文: Hydrology水文学: hydrology|hydroaraphy|すいもんがく水文图: hydrograph|hydrological maps招标invite public bidding投标(v) submit a bid bid for连续梁through beam连续梁: continuous beam|through beam 多跨连续梁: continuous beam on many supports悬臂连续梁: gerber beam加劲梁stiff girder加劲梁: stiffening girder|buttress brace 加劲梁节点: stiff girder connection支撑刚性梁，加劲梁，横撑: buttress brace水文学hydrology水文学: hydrology|hydroaraphy|すいもんがく水文學: Hydrologie|水文学|??? ?????? 古水文学: paleohydrology桥梁抗震桥梁抗震加固: bridge aseismatic strengthening抗风wind resistance抗风: Withstand Wind|Wtstan Wn|wind resistance抗风锚: weather anchor抗风性: wind resistance基础的basal桥梁控制测量bridge construction control survey桥梁控制测量: bridge construction controlsurvey桥梁施工桥梁施工控制综合程序系统: FWD桥梁最佳施工指南: Bridge Best Practice Guidelines桥梁工程施工技术咨询: Bridge Construction Engineering Service总体设计overall designintegrated design总体设计: Global|overall design|general arrangement总体设计概念: totaldesignconcept工厂总体设计图: general layout scheme初步设计predesign preliminary plan技术设计technical design技术设计: technical design|technical project技术设计员: TechnicalDesigner|technician技术设计图: technical drawing施工图设计construction documents design施工图设计: construction documents design 施工图设计阶段: construction documents design phase基本建设项目施工图设计: design of working drawing of a capital construction project桥台abutment bridge abutment基础foundation basebasis结构形式structural style结构形式: Type of construction|form of structure表结构形式: list structure form屋顶结构形式: roof form地震earthquake地震活动earthquake activityseismic activityseismic motionseismicity地震活动: Seismic activity|seismic motion地震活动性: seismicity|seismic 地震活动图: seismicity map支撑体系支撑体系: bracing system|support system 物流企业安全平台支撑体系: SSOSP公路桥涵公路施工手册-桥涵: Optimization of Road Traffic Organization-Abstract引道approach roadramp wayapproach引道: approach|approach road引道坡: approach ramp|a roachramp 引道版: Approach slab装配式装配式桥: fabricated bridge|precast bridge装配式房屋: Prefabricated buildings 装配式钢体: fabricated steel body耐久性wear耐久性: durability|permanence|endurance 不耐久性: fugitiveness耐久性试验: endurance test|lifetest|durability test持久状况持久状况: persistent situation 短暂状况短暂状况: transient situation 偶然状况偶然状况: accidental situation永久作用永久作用: permanent action永久作用标准值: characteristic value of permanent action可变作用可变作用: variable action可变作用标准值: characteristic value of variable action可变光阑作用: iris action偶然作用偶然作用: accidental action偶然同化（作用）: accidental assimilation 作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects作用代表值作用代表值: representative value of an action作用标准值作用标准值: characteristic value of an action地震作用标准值: characteristic value ofearthquake action可变作用标准值: characteristic value ofvariable action作用频遇值作用频遇值 Frequent value of an action安全等级safe class安全等级: safety class|Security Level|safeclass生物安全等级: Biosafety Level 生物安全等級: Biosafety Level作用actionactivity actionsactseffectto play a role设计基准期design reference period设计基准期: design reference period作用准永久值作用准永久值: quasi－permanentvalueofanaction作用效应作用效应: effects of actions|effect of an action互作用效应: interaction effect质量作用效应: mass action effect作用效应设计值作用效应设计值 Design value of an action effect分项系数分项系数: partial safety factor|partial factor作用分项系数: partial safety factor for action抗力分项系数: partial safety factor for resistance作用效应组合作用效应组合: combination for action effects作用效应基本组合: fundamental combination for action effects作用效应偶然组合: accidental combination for action effects结构重要性系数结构重要性系数Coefficient for importance of a structure桥涵桥涵跟桥梁比较类似，主要区别在于:单孔跨径小于5m或多孔跨径之和小于8m的为桥涵,大于这个标准的为桥梁公路等级公路等级: highway classification标准:公路等级代码: Code for highway classification标准:公路路面等级与面层类型代码: Code for classification and type of highway pavement顺流fair current设计洪水频率设计洪水频率: designed flood frequency水力water powerwater conservancyirrigation works水力: hydraulic power|water power|water stress水力学: Hydraulics|hydromechanics|fluid mechanics水力的: hydraulic|hydrodynamic|hyd河槽river channel河槽: stream channel|river channel|gutter 古河槽: old channel河槽线: channel axis河岸riverside strand河岸: bank|riverside|river bank 河岸林: riparian forest河岸权: riparian right河岸侵蚀stream bank erosion河岸侵蚀: bank erosion|stream bank erosion河岸侵蚀河岸侵食: bank erosion 河岸侵蚀, 堤岸冲刷: bank erosion高架桥桥墩高架桥桥墩: viaduct pier桥梁净空高潮时桥梁净空高度: bridge clearance行车道lane行车道: carriageway|traffic lane|Through Lane快行车道: fast lane西行车道: westbound carriageway一级公路A roadarterial roadarterial highway一级公路: A road arterial road arterial highway一级公路网: primaryhighwaysystem二级公路b roadsecondary road二级公路: B road, secondary road涵洞culvert涵洞: culvert梁涵洞: Beam Culverts 木涵洞: timber culvert河床riverbedrunway河床: river bed|bed|stream bed冰河床: glacier bed型河床: oxbow|horseshoe bend|meander loop河滩flood plainriver beach河滩: river shoal|beach|river flat 河滩地: flood land|overflow land 河滩区: riffle area高级公路high-type highway高级公路: high-typehighway高架桥trestleviaduct高架桥: viaduct|overhead viaduct高架橋: Viadukt|Viaducto|高架橋高架桥面: elevated deck洪水流量volume of floodflood dischargeflooddischarge洪水流量: flood discharge|flood flow|peak discharge洪水流量预报: flooddischargeforecast平均年洪水流量: average annual flood设计速度design speed设计速度: design speed|designedspeed|design rate设计速度，构造速度: desin speed|desin speed <haha最大阵风强度的设计速度: VB Design Speed for Maximum Gust Intension跨度span紧急停车emergency shutdown (cut-off)emergency cut-off紧急停车: abort|panic stop|emergency stop 紧急停车带: lay-by|emergency parkingstrip紧急停车阀: emergency stop valve减速gear downretardment speed-down deceleration slowdown车道traffic lane路缘带side tripmarginal stripmargin verge路缘带: marginal strip|side strip|margin verge路肩shoulder of earth body路肩: shoulder|verge|shoulder of road 硬路肩: hard shoulder|hardened verge 软路肩: Soft Shoulder最小值minimum value最小值: minimum|Min|least value 求最小值: minimization找出最小值: min最大值max.最大值原理principle of the maximummaximum principlemaximal principle最大值原理: maximum principle,|maximal principle离散最大值原理: discrete maximum principle极大值原理，最大值原理: maximum principle车道宽度车道宽度: lane-width自行车道cycle-track自行车道: bicycle path|cycle path|cycle track旗津环岛海景观光自行车道: Cijin Oceanview Bike Path自行车道专供自行车行驶的车道。
描写南京长江大桥的英语作文
描写南京长江大桥的英语作文English: The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, also known as the Nanjing No. 1 Bridge, is one of the most iconic landmarks in Nanjing, China. Spanning over the Yangtze River, this bridge is not only a crucial transportation hub connecting the northern and southern parts of the city, but also a symbol of the city's modern development. The bridge, completed in 1968, was the first large-scale bridge built entirely with Chinese expertise and technology. Standing at a length of 4,589 meters, the double-decked bridge features a railway line on the lower deck and a roadway on the upper deck, allowing both trains and vehicles to pass through. The bridge's unique design, with its 68 massive steel pylons supporting the structure, has become an architectural marvel. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge offers a stunning panoramic view of the Yangtze River, the city skyline, and the lush surrounding landscape. At night, the bridge is illuminated by an array of colorful lights, creating a captivating sight that dazzles locals and tourists alike.中文翻译: 南京长江大桥，又称南京第一长江大桥，是中国南京市最具标志性的地标之一。
大桥用英语怎么说
大桥用英语怎么说推荐文章员工用英语怎么说热度：同意用英语怎么说热度：排队用英语怎么说_排队的翻译是什么热度：意外用英语怎么说热度：设置用英语怎么说热度：对于桥梁总长(两桥台台背前缘间距离)L1大于等于100m小于1000m，或计算跨径(桥梁结构两支点间的距离)L大于等于40m小于150m的桥梁，称为大桥。
那么，你知道大桥的英文怎么说吗?大桥的英文释义：bridge大桥的英文例句：大桥正在建设中。
The bridge is in the process of being built.这座铁路大桥在明亮的电灯的映衬下勾画出了它的轮廓!The railway bridge is outlined by bright electric lights.他着手一项在这条河上修建一座大桥的计划。
He initiated a plan to build a bridge over the river.大桥将由两个拱状大梁组成。
The bridge will be fixed on two arched girders.大桥有一种倾向，裂纹和分裂过去很长的一段时间。
Bridges have a tendency to crack and split over a long period of time.他们尽力保卫大桥,使之免遭再次袭击。
They tried to secure the bridge from the threat of further attack.据说他们正在这条河上修另一座大桥。
They are said to be building another bridge over the river.当一座大桥驱散压力，它把压力分散到广阔的范围。
When a bridge dissipates force it spreads it out over a widerarea.大桥把两条公路衔接起来。
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大桥用英语怎么说篇一：桥梁英文翻译ThemAInpRobLemsoFDomesTIcbRIDgeDesIgnIngnow,thecountry'sstructuraldesignprocess,suchtendencies:moreintensitycon sideredinthedesignanddurabilityconsiderlessattentionintensitylimittotheus eofstatewithoutlimitstate,andthroughoutthelifecycleofthemostimportantw henitispreciselytheuseofperformance;attentiontotheconstructionofthestruc turewithoutattentiontothemaintenanceofthestructure.Infact,thecurrentdesi gnofthebridgeformoredurabilityisaconcern,asaconcept,didnotexplicitlyput forwardtherequestoftheuseoflife,northedurabilityofspecializeddesign.Thes etendenciestoacertainextent,ledtothecurrentprojectaccidents,theuseofpoor performance,theshortlifeoftheadverseconsequencesofstructuralengineerin gwiththeincreasingemphasisoninternationaldurability,safety,contrarytothet rendofapplicability;doesnotconformtothestructuredynamicandcomprehens iveeconomyrequirements.bridgesafety,durability,themainreasonforpoor1)constructionandmanagementoflowlevel morebridgesathomeandabroaddestructionandthesuddencollapseofthebridg ehasbeenengineeringmoreconcernedaboutsecurityissues.Thegeneralviewi sthatthecurrentprojectisbarbaricincidentmanagementandconstructioncausedbycorruption.Fortheshortterm,suchasthedestructionandcollapseofasudde n,mostlybecauseofconstructionqualitydidnotmeetspecificationsanddesignr equirements,typicalproblemsincludeinadequateandconstructionmaterialsi ntensityoffailure;alsoexist,suchasindividualbridgejerryseriousmanagemen tissues,butalsoonbridgesafetyofthefataldamage. Andalargenumberofbridgesinthefardidnotachievetheexpectedlifetime,ther ehasbeenaffectingthenormaluseofdiseaseanddeterioration,especiallyinanu mberofbridgesinuseonlyafewyears,orevenjustcompletedsoonontheserious problemofinsufficientdurability,whichandthelowqualityofconstructionisan importantrelationship,thetypicalproblemsofinadequateprotectionofreinfor cedandthecurrentwidespreadintheconstructionsiteoftheseriousproblemofcr ackingcomponent.Theseconstruction,althoughshort-termdeficienciesofthe bridgewillnotbethenormaluseofaclearimpact,butthelong-termdurabilityoft hestructurewillhaveaverynegativehazards.2)Designtheoryandstructureofthesystemisnotperfectenough whileacknowledgingtheexistenceoftheproblem,butitalso,itisundeniabletha tbridgedesignfields,inparticularonthebridgeconstructionanduseoftheissueo fsafetythereisstillmuchimprovement.structuraldesignfirstandforemosttaski sthechoiceofreasonableeconomicprogrammer,followedbythestructuralanal ysisanddesignofcomponentsandconnections,andaccesstoregulatethesafety factorspecifiedorreliabilityofindicatorstoensurethesafetyofthestructure. manydesignersoftencomplacentwithnormsonthestructuralstrengthofthesafetyoftheneed,andignorethestructuralsystem,structure,structure,structureof materials,structuremaintenance,aswellasfromthestructuraldurabilityofthed esignandconstructionprocesstomakeuseofthatoftenappearintheman-made wrongareastostrengthenandguaranteethesafetyofthestructure.somestructur alintegrityandductilityinadequateredundancysmall,butsomeofschemaandt heuncertaintyoftheline,causingpartialexcessiveforce;someconcretestrengt hgradetoolowtoprotectslicethroughsmalldiametersteelmicromanage,athinc ross-sectioncomponentsofthesestructureshaveweakenedthedurability,itwo uldseriouslyaffectthesafetyofthestructure.manybridges,althoughthedesign specificationsmeettherequirementsofthestrengthofonly5to10yearsbecause ofthedurabilityoftheproblemsaffectingstructuralsafety.structuralDurability shortagehasbecomeoneofthemostrealisticsecurityissues,fromdesigntocons tructionandmaterials,suchasangleofmeasurestostrengthenthedurabilityofth estructure. oftheenvironmentandtheuseofdifferentconditions,differentdesignofthestru cturalsystemwilltargetdifferentaspectsofthelayoutandstructurerequirement s.normscannotcoverindetailthedesignstaffshouldsolvethevariousproblemsi ntheupdatednormsfastercanalsoadapttonewunderstanding,newtechnologie s,newmaterials,rapiddevelopmentofthestructureofthenewrequirements.Th erefore,reasonableandreliableadditiontothestructuresisdesignedtomeetther equirementsofnorms,andtodesignastructuretothecorrectunderstandingofna ture,richexperienceandaccuratejudgments.Andtheneedtoimproveeffortsinthedirection1)shouldpaymoreattentiontothedurabilityofstructuralproblems bridgeintheconstructionanduseoftheprocess,willbesubjecttoenvironmental ,andtheerosionofharmfulchemicalsubstances,andtobearvehicles,wind,eart hquake,fatigue,overloading,humanfactors,suchasexternalrole,andbridgem aterialsusedbytheself-degradationofperformancewillcontinue,resultinginth estructureofthedifferentdegreesofdamageanddeterioration.Inthefieldoflon g-spanbridges,andfromthecountrysincethe1980s,theconstructionofalargen umberofcable-stayedbridge,althoughsofartherecollapseorseriousdamageto thefewexamples,buthasmorebridgesbecauseofthedurabilityofcabletothepr oblemadvanceforcable,andthisnotonlyaffectstheuseofincreasedeconomicl osses. needstobepointedoutisthatmanyoftheseproblemsanddidnotconductareason abledurabilityofthedesign,whichhasalsopromptedrenewedawarenessofdur abilityofthebridge.Diseasesarealotofexamplesofthat,inadditiontoconstructi onmaterialsandthereasonsforadecisiveimpactonthedurabilityofthestructure fromthestructuralfactors(isdesign)flaws.Fromthecountryinthe1990sstartedtoattachimportancetothedurabilityofthes tructureofthestudy,hasalsomadequiteafewsuccesses.mostofthesestudiesan dstatisticsfromtheanalysisofthematerialpointofview,onhowtostructureandd esignfromtheperspectiveofhowandthedesignandconstructionstafftobereadi lyacceptedandoperationofthebridgeapproachtoimprovingthedurabilityhasbeenlittleresearch.moreover,foralongtime,peoplehavealwaysbeenemphasis onthemethodsofcalculationonthestructure;itignoresthedetailsoftheoverallst ructureandprocessingconcern.Designanddurabilityofthestructureofthestru cturaldesignofaconventionalnatureofthedifferencebetweenthecurrenteffort swillbeneededonthedurabilityofthequalitativeanalysistothequantitativeana lysisofdevelopment.2)emphasisonthestudyoffatiguedamage bridgestructuretowithstandthevehicleloadandwindloadaredynamicloadwill beinacycleofchangewithinthestructureofthestress,notonlywillcausethevibr ationofthestructure,butalsofromthestructureofthe accumulatedfatiguedamage. Thebridgeisnotusedbythematerialisuniformandcontinuous,infacttherearem anytinyflawsintheroleofcyclicloading,thesedeficiencieswillbeprogressived evelopmentofmicro,amergerofinjury,andgraduallyformedinthematerialma crocracks.Ifthecrackisnoteffectivemacro-control,isverylikelytocausemater ial,thestructureofbrittlefracture.earlyfatiguedamageisnotalwayseasytobede tected,buttheconsequencesareoftendisastrous. Fatiguedamagehasbeenconsideredinthedesignofsteelbridgeisthecoreissueo ffatiguecausedbythesteelstructureofsteelcrackmorecases,manycausedbyfat iguefracturebridgecollapseexample.overthepast20years,fatigueinjuryresea rchhasenteredtheconcretestructure,butbytheuseofcorrosionofreinforcedco ncretestructuresdynamicperformanceandfatiguepropertiesofneedtobestrengthened. onthefatiguedamageofnotonlyreferstotheentirestructure,thebridgestructure oftenasamatteroffactsomeofthekeypartsoflocalfatiguefailureoftheentirestr uctureandleadtofailure,suchasthecable-stayedbridgecablesanchoringendof thefatiguedamage.3)payfullattentiontotheproblemofoverloadingthebridge Therearethreemainvehicleoverloading:oneistheearlyconstructionoftheoldb ridgeoverageloadcarriersandtheotheristhepassageofvehiculartrafficbridge overtheoriginaldesign;theotherisillegaloverloadingofvehicles.Thefirsttwo arethemainreasonsforthechangesinthedesignloadandtheincreaseinthevolu meoftraffic;usersofthelatterareillegaloverloadingofvehiclesoperating,thela ttertwophenomenaofoverloadinginroadtransportinchinaismorecommon. ontheonehand,overloadingthebridgemaytriggerfatigue.overloadingbridge wouldincreasetherateoffatiguestressinjuryaggravated,orevensomestructura ldamagecausedbyoverloadingaccidents.ontheotherhand,duetooverloading ofthebridgecausedinternaldamagecannotberestored,thebridgewillbemadeo ftheworkundernormalloadconditionschange,whichcouldendangerthesafety ofbridgesanddurability.Forexample,theconcretebridgehasalwaysbeenregar dedasanadequatedurability,buttheoverloadingofthevehicle,crackingmayoc cur;cracksevenintheloadwillbeabletodivestclosed,buttheinternalstructureo fconcretehasbeendamage,crackingcomponentfromthelowerbend,stiffnessdeclinewasinthenormaluseofload,shouldnothavebeencrackingorstructuralcrackshavebecomesmallercracksinexcessofthenormsto allowalargercracksordeformation.Thesewillbeusedforstructuralperforman ceandlong-termdurabilityhasanegativeimpact,inadditiontotheTrafficcontro ldepartmentsshouldstrengthenmanagement,butalsotheneedforoverloadingt heconsequencesofresearch,analysis.4)Activelylearnfromforeignexperienceandresults Domesticbridgedesignthemainproblemsistheuseofthenormalstructureofpo orperformance(referringcomparedwiththedesignexpectationscanbeattribut edtopoorperformanceoftheapplication,includingthebridgetoomuchvibratio n,linearirregularity,joints,diarrhea,excessivestructuralcrackinganddeforma tion,etc.),durabilityandsafetyofthepoor(includingshortlifespan,highmainte nancecosts,andmorefrequentaccidents,etc.).whiletheseissueshavewiththec urrentdomesticconstructionqualityandmanagementlevellower,buttobefair, sincethissituationcannotberesolvedintheshortterm,thenasengineersweshou ldaddressthisissueinthepremise,arefullytakenintoaccountstageofconstructi onandmanagementandmaterialstechnology,theuseofappropriatesecurity,th eappropriatewaytoensurethatthedesignofabridgetotheuseoftheperformance ,thisisamoreproactiveandeffectivemeans.especiallythedurabilityofthebridg eandsafetyofmanyproblemswiththestructureortheuseofmaterialselectionar eueasonableandimproperhandlingofthestructuraldetails. Ineuropeancountries(suchasgermany,Denmark,etc.),attachedgreatimporta ncetothestructureofaperformance-baseddesign(pbD,performancebasedDesign),whichincludesstructuraldeformation,cracks,vibration,strong,handsom e,durability,fatigueandsoon.pbDstudyistoenableoperatorsinthestructureoft heprocess,inadditiontotheguaranteedminimumsecurityrequirements;theide aoftheuseofperformanceshouldbegood(includinglifeanddurability,corrosio nresistance,fatigueresistance,aesthetics,etc.).bytheirverynature,theeuropea ncountriespbDtheory,researchintheuseofstructureinthecourseofperforman ceoutofservice,theperformancebytheweakeningofthereasonsforitsoccurren ceandthemechanismofthelaw,toseekanewstructuraldesignconceptsandmet hods.Fromthepointofviewofeuropeans,pbDseemstobetothedurabilityofthestruct ureatthecoreofthecomprehensiveuseofperformanceindicatorsto篇二：道路桥梁专业英语翻译Lesson1careersincivilengineering(土木工程中的各种业务)土木工程是一个意味着工程师必须要经过专门的大学教育的职业。