Book1Unit1Friendship知识点

一、课文再现1.Add up (增加)your score and see how many points you can get. （P1）2.Your friend comes to school very upset. The bell rings so you need to go to class. You willignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(使某人平静下来). / tell your friend that you’ve got to (不得不) go to class. / tell your friend that you are concerned about (关心,挂念) him/her but you have to go to class. You two will meet after class and talk then. （P1）3.Your friend has gone on holiday (度假) and asked you to take care of （照顾）his /her dog.While walking the dog (遛狗), you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. （P1）4.Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at (嘲笑) you, or just can’t understand whatyou are going through? (经历) （P2）5.She and her family hid away (躲藏) for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.（P2）6.I don’t want to settle down (写下) a series of （一系列）facts in a diary as most peopledo, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty. （P2）7.For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose (故意) until half past elevenone evening in order to （目的是）have a good look at the moon for once by myself. （P2）8.Another time five months ago, I happened to (碰巧) be upstairs one evening when the windowwas open…. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face…(面对面) (P2)9.He used to work (过去常做某事) outdoors even in the middle of winter. （P4）10.I’ m getting along well with (与某人相处友好)a boy in my class.（P6）11.Join in (加入) people’s discussion. Try to make friends with(与某人交朋友) one or twoclassmates. (P7)12.Mr. Jones lives alone (单独) and often feels lonely.（孤独） We communicate with each other(相互交流)by Internet /through the Internet.（P42）13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. (患难之交才是真正的朋友) （P46）14. A friend to all is a friend to none. (滥交者无友) （P46）15.With clothes the new are the best; with friends the old are the best. (衣服是新的好；朋友是旧的好) （P46）二、单词：1、survey n. 调查，概述； v. 测量，检查；e.g. a. A recent survey showed most of those questioned were for the plan.最近的民意测验显示大多数调查对象同意这项计划。

b. The governor surveyed the damage caused by the tsunami.州长查看了海啸引起的破坏情况。

思维拓展：(1). make a survey of sth. 调查… make a general survey of sth 纵观…(2). survey sth. 调查，评述，检查survey the equipment 检查设备词汇派生：surveyor n. 测量员，检察员2、add v. 增加，增添e.g. a. Shall I add your name to the list? 我可以把你的名字写进名单吗？b. A new wing was added to the building. 这座大楼新添了一座边房。

思维拓展：add up sth 把……加起来 add sth to sth 把……加到……add up to 合计；总共指点迷津：(1). add sth to sth 是“把……加到……上去“，add to 不能分开用，意为“增加了……”, 相当于increase 或raise. 如：e.g. a. He added some sugar to the coffee. 他给咖啡里加了些糖。

The bad weather added to our difficulty. 坏天气增加了我们的困难。

(2). add还可表示“补充说“，后常接从句。

e.g. He added that he was satisfied with the talk. 它补充说他对会谈很满意。

词汇派生：addition n. 附加物additional adj. 附加的adding machine 加法机in addition to 除……之外3、point n. 要点，尖端，含义； v. 指出e.g. a. The point is that you shouldn’t have to wait so long to see a doctor.关键是看病不应等那么久。

b. He pointed to the spot where the house used to stand. 他指着那所房子原来所在的地方。

思维拓展：(1). come to the point of 到了……地步to the point of 达到……的程度be on the point of doing 正要做……There is no point in …没必要/没意义做……boiling point 沸点(2). point to/ at 指向……point out sth to sb. 向某人指出某事point out that…指出……point sth to/at sb. 把……对着某人指点迷津：(1). 当非善意地用手指某人时，只能用point at.(2). 当表示指针指向、证据表明、建筑物的朝向时，用point to. 如：e.g.The house points to the sea. 那所房子面向大海。

词汇派生：pointed adj. 尖锐的；尖的 pointless adj. 无意义的，无益的4、upset v. 使不安，打乱 adj. 心烦意乱的e.g.a. His strange behavior upset his father. 他的奇怪行径困扰着他父亲。

b. I understand how upset you must be feeling. 我理解你心里有多难受。

思维拓展：(1). upset sb. 使某人不安upset the plan 搅乱了计划upset the cup 打翻了杯子It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是……It upsets sb to do sth 做……使某人不快。

(2). be upset about 对……赶到心烦指点迷津：(1). upset 指由于某事的发生而心烦意乱。

(2). nervous 在做某事的过程中紧张害怕的感觉。

(3). anxious 因担心某事的发生或不发生而焦虑不安。

词汇派生：upset-upset-upset-upsetting5、concern n. 担心，关心，关系； v. 涉及，有关e.g. a. There is growing concern about violence on TV. 人们对电视上的暴力内容日见担忧。

b. Don’t be involved in what doesn’t concern you. 不要管那些与你无关的事。

思维拓展：(1). show/express concern about/ for 对……表示关心/担心have concern with 和……有关系with concern 关切地(2). concern oneself about/ for 担忧/关心……concern oneself with 从事，参与……concern sb./ sth 与……有关词汇派生：concerned adj. 有关的；担心的be concerned about/ over/for 关心；挂念be concerned with/ in 牵扯进/参与……all parties concerned 有关各方as/so far as …be concerned 就……而言e.g. As far as I’m concerned, the sooner, the better. 就我而言，越快越好。

6、 cheat v. 欺骗,作弊 n. 骗子, 作弊者eg. He is accused of cheating the taxman. 他被控欺骗税务员.eg. The two cheats set up tow looms. 这两个骗子支起两架织布机.思维拓展：cheat sb. (out) of sth 骗取某人某物cheat sb. into doing sth 骗某人做……cheat sb. into the belief that 骗某人相信catch sb. cheating in an exam 作弊被抓7、feeling n. 感觉,情绪eg. have no feeling in my foot. 没有知觉eg. can understand his feelings 解他的心情.思维拓展：a feeling of hunger 饥饿感a feeling of danger 危险感a feeling of gratitude 感激的心情have a feeling that 有……的预感lose feeling in one’s legs 双脚失去知觉hurt one’s feelings 伤害某人的感情hide/ mask one’s feelings 隐瞒感情express feelings 表达感情构词法:feel v. 感觉出 feelingly adv. 充满感情地8、 series n. 一系列,连续e.g. There has been a series of accidents at the crossing.在那个十字路口曾经发生过一连串的事故.思维拓展：a seires of 一连串的, 一系列的a seroes of accidents 一连串事故a series of articles 一系列文章a TV series 一部电视连续剧in series 连续,一系列地构词法:serial n. 连续剧, 连载小说9、nature n.(1) 大自然, 自然界the law of nature 自然法则the balance of nature 生态平衡the beauty of nature 大自然之美(2) 本性,性情human nature 人性a man of gentle nature 性情温和的人(3) 性质, 种类 be different in nature 性质不同思维拓展：be nature to nature 逼真by nature 天生地against nature 违反自然地常用搭配:it’s natural that = it’s natural for sb. to do sth 做……是当然的e.g. It’s natural that we should carry out the plan. = it ‘s natural for us to carry out the plan.这个计划是当然的.10、powder n. 能量,力量,权力eg. Carry this luggage requires a lot of powder. 搬运这件行李需要很大的力气.思维拓展：be in powder 执政,掌权come into powder = take power上台,执政under one’s own power 凭借自身的力量beyond/ out of one’s powder 力所不能及的powerful adj. 强有力的 powerless adj. 无力的,无权的11、suffer v. 遭受,忍受eg. The city suffered serous damage from the earthquake. 城市因地震遭受严重破坏.练习: suffer pain / loss / defeat / punishment / hardship 遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难思维拓展：suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒构词法:suffering n. 痛苦, 苦难 sufferer n. 受难者, 患者12、 purpose n. 目的,意图eg. For what purpose did he go to Africa? 他去非洲的目的何在?思维拓展：on purpose = by accident 故意地for the purpose of 为了……的目的with the purpose of 抱着……的目的one’s purpose in doing sth . 某人做……的目的构词法:purposeful adj. 有目的的,故意的purposeless adj. 无目的的purposely adv. 特意地,故意地13、advice n. 劝告,建议eg. He gave us some advice on how to learn a foreign language.他就如何学习外语给我们提了一些建议.思维拓展：give / offer sb. some advice on 就……给某人提建议ask sb. for adcice 征求某人的意见follow / take one’s advice接受某人的建议do sth. by one’s advice 按某人的建议做……on / upon one’s adcice 听某人的劝告构词法:adviser / advisor n. 建议者,顾问advisory adj. 劝告的, 顾问的advise v. 建议advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做……advise sb. not to do sth = adcise sb. against doing sth 建议某人不要做……advise doing sth 建议做……advise that 建议……advise sb. on 向某人提…..建议14、effort n. 努力eg. You should put more effort into your work. 你应该更加努力地工作.make an effort to do 努力做……= make every effort to do= make grat efforts to do= spare no effort to dowithout effort 毫不费力地注: “全力做…..”的表达:do all out to dodo / try one’s best to dodo all / everything / what one can to do构词法:effortless adj. 不费力的15、habit n. 习惯,习性eg. You need to change your eating habits. 你需要改变饮食习惯.思维拓展：develop / form the habit of = build up the habit of 养成……的习惯fall / get into the habit of 染上……的习惯be in the habit of = have the habit of 有……的习惯get sb. into the habit of 使某人养成…..的习惯get out of the habit of = give up the habit of = kick / break/ drop the habit of 戒除…….的习惯do sth. out of habit 处于习惯做某事IV. 课文短语:1. go through 通过;经受; 仔细检查; 完成练习：go through too many wars 经过太多的战争go through with one’s promise 实践诺言The new law has gone through. 新的法律已经通过了.The teacher went through all the students’ homework. 老师将学生的作业仔细的检查了一遍.思维拓展:break through 冲破get through 完成, 通过look through 浏览2. hide away躲避,隐蔽eg. a. The thief hid away in the woods for a week.小偷在树林里隐藏了一周.b. They hid away the solider from the enemy . 他们藏起了这个战士以躲避敌人.思维拓展:常用被动语态形式的结构:be devoted to education 献身教育be stationed in the village 驻扎在村里be buried in reading 专心阅读be seated beside me 坐在我身边3. set down 记下，放下,认为,归因于……eg. a. Set down his name and address. 记下他的名字和地址.b.He set down the book on the bable . 他把书放在桌上.c. I set the man down as a solier. 我以为那人是个士兵.d. I set down his bad temper to his health. 我认为他的坏脾气是由于身体的原因.思维拓展:set down (doing) sth 着手(做)某事set out to do sth. 着手做做某事set off 动身,引爆set up 竖起,创设,开办注:表示”记下, 写下”时set down = put down = write down = get down4. do with 处理,与….. 有关eg. He didn’t knkow what to do with his camel. 他不知如何处置他的骆驼.思维拓展:have sth. to do with 与……有关have nothing to do with 与……无关have much / a lot of to do with 与……有很大关系指点迷津:(1) do with 表示“处置”时常与what 搭配,而 deal with 常与how 搭配.e.g. What to do with his camelhow to deal with his camel(2) what与how 的其他搭配What do you think of …?How do you like / find …?What to do it next(3) do without 没有……也行eg. If there’s none left we’ll have to do without. 如果没有剩余的我们就只得将就了.5. for once就这/ 那一次eg. a. For once your’re right . 只有这一次你是对的.b. I think we might relax orselves for this once .我想我们就这么一次可以放松一下.思维拓展:all at once 突然; 同时once in a while 偶尔once more / again 再一次once upon a time 从前( 用于开始讲故事)at once 立刻;同时指点迷津:for once = this once = just for once = for this once6. face to face面对面地eg. They stood face to face with each other. 他们面对面地站着.思维拓展:heart to heart 心贴心地, 坦诚地shoulder to shouldedr 肩并肩地hand in hand手拉手地arm in arm臂挽臂地side by side 并排地back to back 背靠背地指点迷津:(1) face-to – face 是合成形容词,在句中作定语.eg. We’ll have a face-to-face interview. 我们要进行一次面对面的采访.(2) face to face 中不用任何冠词.类似短语如:from door to door 挨门挨户地from generation to generation 一代一代地from head to foot 从头到脚from time to tme 不时地(3) face to face 常与with 连用,表示“与……面对面”, 在句中作状语. 如:eg. He came face to face with death. 他面临死亡.7. get along with 进展,相处eg. a. How are you getting along with your classmates? 你与同学相处怎样?b. He’s getting along well with his business. 他生意做得很顺利.思维拓展:get along well / nicely with 与……相处得很好get along badly with 与……相处得不好指点迷津:(1) get along with 中的along 也可以用on 替换.(2) get along with sb. 是＂与某人相处得如何＂，get along with sth 是＂某事进展得如何＂(３)在 He didn’t know that we were getting along with them.中，不能用how 代替that . 当句中没有well, nicely 或 badly 等词时，才用how.e.g. I want to know how they are getting along with the work.我想知道他们的工作进展得怎么样V. 词义辨析：1. pay, salary 与 wage（1） pay 工资，薪金，是不可数名词．常指按时支付的固定薪酬，也指海陆军人以及在政府部门工作的人的新酬．可用来代替 salary 或wages. 如：eg. a. How much tax do they take out of your pay? 他们从你的工资中抽多少税？b. I get my pay every Friday. 我每星期五领薪水．（２）salary 薪水．可用作可数或不可数名词．通常指非体力劳动者（如：白领阶层的工作者或掌管业务的行政人员等）所得的报酬，一般按月发回半年、一年发放一次．如：eg. a. He is paid for his work at a high salary .他的工作薪水很高．b. I draw my salary at the end of every month.我每个月底领工资．（３）wage 工资，工钱．通常指付给体力劳动者（如：蓝领工资，也可指按记时工资．常用复数形式，其谓语动词也用复数．有时工资多或少时，常说much / little wage, 而不说 many / few wages. 如：eg. a. Wages are high in this country. 这个国家的工资待遇高．b. She has a rise in her wages. 她涨了工资。