2020年新高三英语暑假特训卷02(全国卷I)

2020年新高三英语暑假特训卷02第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B,C或D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AA few years ago, Adina Lichtman was handing out sandwiches on the streets of New York City to help people experiencing homelessness. One man, grateful for the sandwich, approached her and offered a surprising idea.“It’s great that you’re giving out sandwiches,” he said, “but one thing we really need is socks, especially as winter approaches.”“Here I was, sandwiches in hand, thinking I knew the best way to help people,” Lichtman said. “It was a powerful lesson, and I wanted to put it into action.”She began that night, with a simple step: going door-to-door on the floor of her dormitory at New York University, asking her classmates if they could each just donate (捐赠) just one pair of their own socks to someone experiencing homelessness. She got 40 pairs of socks in a single night, from a single floor. The next morning she opened her door to find a lot of socks that other people had donated.That morning officially kicked off Knock Knock, Give a Sock (KKGS), a new nonprofit (非营利的) organization that has now provided over 350,000 pairs of socks to the homeless across America. To date, over 50 colleges and high schools across the US have joined KKGS over the years.“While many people donate clothing, 9 out of every 10 clothing donors have never donated socks. On top of that, people who are trying to donate socks often find it difficult to donate used socks,” she says. “KKGS is one of the only orga nizations that collects used socks. We have volunteers knocking on doors of their classmates in school, of their workmates at work, and even of their neighbors.”But, whether you’re 26 or 62, you don’t need to wait to organize your own sock drive, collect socks, or even wash and clean some of your own to donate to your local shelter, or someone in need who you meet on the street.1.How did the homeless man’s words affect Lichtman?A.They caused her to start KKGS.B.They pushed her to go to college.C.They encouraged her to house the homeless.D.They made her continue to give out sandwiches.2.How did Lichtman’s classmates react to her request for donation?A.Some refused it politely.B.They strongly supported it.C.Some felt quite surprised by it.D.They considered it unreasonable.3.What advice does the author offer to people?A.Take action in small ways.B.Start your own organization.C.Make donations from an early age.D.Find creative ways to help people.BFor most of us, there is no debate — bananas are yellow. Color isn’t as objective as you might think though. Our brain decides what color we are looking at based on the light that comes into our eyes, and how we see colors actually varies a lot.There are many ways color can confuse our brains. Positioning and shading can change what we think we are looking at. Two people can see the same thing very differently because of how our brains deal with light.How we see color, however, is governed by much more than just our bodies. Our emotions or even the time of year, can change how our eyes and brains react to what we see. Yellow looks different to us depending on the season, according to scientists at the University of York. In the summer yellow appears more “greenish” whereas in the winter yellow appears more “reddish”. This is the result of living in an environment where the level of green light increases in the summer. When the trees are full of leaves, our eyes need to adapt. With extra green all around us, our brain has to recheck its understanding of yellow.Researchers in Rochester, New York have found that feeling sad can impact on your ability to identify (辨别) colors. Participants were shown some small pieces of cloth which had most, but not all, of the colors removed from them. Later, they were asked to identify what color they were looking at. A group who had watched the death of Mufasa in The Lion King found it harder to pick out blue and yellow than others who had not seen the film. Psychologists believe that dopamine — which controls our brain’s reward and pleasure centers — has an impact on how we identify these colors. So while color might seem to be one of the simplest things in our world, it is actually a mystery scientists are only just beginning to solve.4.What does the passage mainly focus on?A.Why we see colors differently.B.How our brains receive colors.C.Why colors affect our emotions.D.How people can identify colors.5.Which of the following is unable to affect people’s ability to identify colors?A.Position.B.Intelligence.C.Environment.D.Feeling.6.Yellow looks different in summer and winter because of ___________.A.people’s different sightB.the different temperaturesC.the different levels of green lightD.people’s different body conditions7.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.The sad feeling weakens people’s ability to identify colors.B.We can find out the secret of dopamine in some movies.C.Scientists have found the answer to the color mystery.D.There are many ways that color can entertain our brains.CNurses play a vital role on the front lines of the novel coronavirus(冠状病毒）pandemic. But a shortage of these essential health care workers could pose challenges in countries dealing with a growing number of COVID-19 cases."One of the lessons I hope the world learns from COVID-19 is that we must invest in nurses ," said World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus during a speech Tuesday in celebration of World Health Day.WHO's new "State of the World's Nursing 2020" report has identified a global shortage of 5.9 million nurses. Many of those gaps are found in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Eastern Mediterranean, and parts of Latin America.Among regions of the world, the Americas have the highest density of nurses at 83.4 per 10,000 people, followed by Europe with 79.3 nurses per 10,000 people. In contrast, there are 8.7 nurses per 10,000 people in Africa, 15.6 nurses per 10,000 people in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 16.5 nurses per 10,000 people in Southeast Asia, and 36 nurses per 10,000 people in the Western Pacific.But there are also differences within regions. In the Americas, for example, countries such as Brazil, Canada, Chile, and the US have a higher density of nurses at close to or over 100 per 10,000 people, distorting the regional average. Many of the neighboring countries in the region have less than 50 nurses per 10,000 people. In Haiti, there are only 3.8 nurses per 10,000 people.When based on country income, data in the report shows an unsurprising trend: The higher the income, the higher the nursing density. In low-income countries, the average density of nurses is 9.1 per 10,000 people, while the figure for high-income countries is 107.7 per 10,000 people.But training more nurses won't solve the problem, said Dr. Giorgio Cometto, WHO coordinator on human resources for health policies and standards."If the country lacks the economic capacity to employ them or to create economic opportunities for them to work as nurses ... training more nurses can just go into the direction of making labor market imbalances, resulting in unemployment among nurses. And that's a huge wastage of human capital as well as financial resources," Cometto said.The key is balancing training with the creation of employment opportunities in rural areaswhere there are known health worker shortages.That may be easier said than done, especially among countries that are suffering from chronic or complex emergencies, in active conflict, or struggling in the wake of conflict. But in these settings, the international aid community can arrange its assistance with national priorities and covering recurrent costs, such as salaries, within a specified period of time, Cometto said.8.How many nurses are needed according to WHO's new" State of the World 's Nursing 2020" report?A.6 million.B.8.7Million.C.3.8 Million.D.5.9Million.9.From the figures in the passage , where are nurses most needed?A.Africa.B.Haiti.C.Eastern Mediterranean region.D.Southeast Asia.10.Based on the country income what does the data in the report show?A.The higher the income ,the more nurses are.B.The higher the income,the more doctors are.C.The lower the income ,the more doctors are.D.The lower the income, the more nurses are.11.From what Cometto said, we know that___.A.It is easy to solve the problem of shortage of nurses.B.It is not easy to solve the problem of shortage of nurses.C.Training more nurses is a way to solve the problem.D.The international aid community can arrange its assistance all the time.DIf you’ve ever been on a fishing boat, you’ve probably seen crowds of birds following it, hoping to catch a snack. Now scientists use those birds’ behavior to track illegal fishing boats.Researchers attached data loggers to the backs of 169 albatrosses(信天翁) in Indian oceans. Weighing only 42 grams, the devices included a GPS, which enabled them to detect the presence and intensity of radar signals emitting from boats. That information was then sent by satellite, so the researchers could track the location of the birds—and thus the radar-emitting boats—in real time.The scientists then cross-checked that data against the known locations of boats, collectedfrom a system boats use to declare themselves, called the Automatic Identification System (AIS). And noticeable differences appeared frequently.More than a third of the times the birds “loggers” detected radar signals, and therefore a boat, but no such boat appeared in the official log—meaning that the vehicles had likely switched off their AIS—something that probably happens in illegal fishing operations.The work suggests birds could be an effective boat-monitoring tool as long as illegal fishing operations don’t target the birds.Fortunately, such a task would be difficult. Around fishing boats,you can find hundreds of birds at any one time that are flying around. And the birds with loggers are not marked in any way. So it’s not really possible for fishermen to pick out a specific bird.But what concerns researchers is that albatrosses often get caught by some fishing boats. Though regulations have been established to protect against that happening—with success—illegal boats don’t necessarily obey. So scientists might be underestimating the risk posed to albatross populations.12.What characteristic of albatrosses do scientists take advantage of in their research?A.Their feeding patterns.B.Their sense of direction.C.Their greedy behaviors.D.Their habit of following fishing boats.13.For what purpose does a boat shut off its AIS?A.To seek more fishes.B.To have it mistaken for another.C.To avoid being detected.D.To save the trouble of declaring itself.14.What does “such a task” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A.Identifying birds with loggers.B.Monitoring illegal boats.C.Tracking radar signals automatically.D.Fishing illegally.15.What could be the best title for the text?A.AIS: an Effective System to Locate BoatsB.Humans Are Good at Discovering Birds’ NatureC.Data Loggers Help Fishermen Get a Good HarvestD.Scientists Use Birds to Track Illegal Fishing Operations第二节.七选五 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。