论文《嘉莉妹妹》中文版
《嘉莉妹妹》中美国梦论文
浅谈《嘉莉妹妹》中的美国梦摘要：在德莱塞的小说《嘉莉妹妹》中，“美国梦”这个主题贯穿故事的始终：嘉莉的性格和命运，都是当时充斥于社会中的美国梦造成的。
本文通过阐述主人公对“美国梦”的追求以及现实和梦想的破灭，暗示了“美国梦”的虚幻性和幻想破灭的必然性。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》美国梦性格现实命运中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一美国梦的起源与发展美国梦（american dream），是美国人引以为豪的一种信念，是指在美国，无论出身、年龄、性别、种族，只要具有坚韧不拔的毅力、勤劳肯干的精神和过人的聪明才智，任何人都可能取得成功，过上舒适的生活，使自己的梦想变为现实。
这种成功，仅仅依赖于个体的勤奋，而非依赖于他人和社会的援助。
拥有美国梦的美国人认为，只要自身的努力，就可以改变自己的社会地位，就可能从一名不文的穷人变为百万富翁，从默默无闻的小人物走进白宫。
美国梦起源于17世纪，英格兰移民怀揣自由与财富的梦想乘坐“五月花号”来到荒无人烟的美洲大陆，其中很多人是清教徒，他们主张宗教自由和民主平等，宣扬梦想靠自身的努力即可实现的观点，因此，当时的美国梦的确催人奋进，起到了积极的作用。
当历史的时针走到18世纪末期，加州大量金矿的发现激起了狂热的淘金潮，人们对金钱的贪欲达到了顶峰，并且一夜暴富成为了梦想的核心。
这就成为了美国梦开始扭曲的转折点。
《嘉莉妹妹》正是在这种时代背景下应运而生的。
二《嘉莉妹妹》美国梦的时代背景《嘉莉妹妹》是美国著名的自然主义时代社会小说家西奥多·德莱塞（1871-1945）的第一部长篇小说。
在当时德莱塞生活的时代，美国正处于由农村向城市的转型历史阶段。
此时，人们追求“美国梦”达到了白热化阶段。
但是此时的美国梦已经不再具有最初的诚实劳动改变所处环境实现梦想的积极的现实意义，人们只关注自经济地位和自身利益，而无视自己的行为是否符合传统道德观。
康涅狄格州立大学历史学教授马修·渥肖尔曾评论道：“美国梦就是对财富的无限渴求和追逐”。
嘉莉妹妹论文全
广东第二师范学院本科毕业论文——嘉莉妹妹的自然主义2015-3040-045 本科毕业论文Naturalism in Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹的自然主义学生姓名：魏会霞学号：11550401045系院：外语系专业：英语师范专业指导教师：李漫萍副教授提交日期：2015年5月7日毕业论文基本要求1．毕业论文的撰写应结合专业学习，选取具有创新价值和实践意义的论题。
2．论文篇幅一般为4000至6000字为宜。
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4．论文字体规范按《广东第二师范学院本科生毕业论文管理办法（试行）》和“论文样板”执行。
5．论文应书写工整，标点正确，用微机打印后，装订成册。
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本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
学生签名：时间：年月日关于论文（设计）使用授权的说明本人完全了解广东第二师范学院关于收集、保存、使用学位论文的规定，即：1.按照学校要求提交学位论文的印刷本和电子版本；2.学校有权保存学位论文的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务，在校园网上提供服务；3.学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；本人同意上述规定。
学生签名：时间：年月日AcknowledgementPrimitively, I will cherish the warmest thanks to my supervisor Li Man Ping because of her careful guidance and rewarding suggestions on my paper. Without her help, it would be impossible for me to complete this thesis. Thanks to her continuous encouragement and professional guidance, not only did I successfully accomplish my graduation task, but also learn enormous knowledge of my own major. In the process of looking up academic materials in the library, my supervisor also gave me professional proposals. Her rigorous academic spirit has deeply influenced me and motivated me to form strict attitude of my further study. In addition, I have also enriched my horizon during this process.Furthermore, my head teacher Yu Ming Shun who deserves my sincere thanks. Four years ago when I first came into this department, I don’t even have the most fundamental knowledge of English. It is the dedicated and professional teacher and their inculcation that enriched me and enabled me to make further study in this field. In addition, they have also nourished me for their warm-hearted care of my life. Without their assistance, I could not accomplish the four years’ study a nd go through various difficulties in completing this paper.Last but not least, I would like to send my gratitude to my family and friends. They have encouraged and supported me all along in these days. In the days of searching and collecting the materials of this paper, my friends and classmates gave numerous help to me. In addition, whenever I came into any trouble in the writing or thinking, they would often be there, listen to my problems and give me useful suggestions.AbstractTheodore Dreiser is considered to be a marvelous pioneer of naturalism in the USA. Sister Carrie is one of his representative naturalism masterpieces, which make people clearly see the reality of American society and still has great practical significance. In this thesis, Dreiser’s naturalistic novel Sister Carrie is picked up to depicted the characteristics of the naturalism in the view of Dreiser. This paper is centered on the human’s life which was governed by the three forces of environment, heredity and desire, forces beyond man’s control. In conclusion, we can assure the various connections between the main character of the novel-Carrie’s destiny and Dreiser himself. However, Dreiser stated that the real reason of the unhappiness of Carrie is the inexhaustible desire of their life. Moreover, to some extent, they are bound to be unhappy. In this way we can get a deeper insight of the Dreiser’s naturalism and we can assure the destiny of Carrie was determined by her environment and heredity.Key Words：Naturalism; environment; heredity; desire摘要德莱塞被公认为是美国自然主义的先锋。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析嘉莉妹妹女性主义论文
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析嘉莉妹妹女性主义论文一时代背景19世纪末20世纪初，美国社会处于由传统工业向现代工业的转型期，工业化和机械化程度日益增强，传统的精神信仰受到了经济发展的冲击，新的精神信仰尚未形成，而女性在当时以男性为中心的社会中仍处于附属地位。
这一时期西方正处于第一次女权运动浪潮之中, 女性开始为争取自身的解放而奋斗，批判男权主义的女权主义应运而生。
2848年，伊丽莎口•凯蒂•斯坦顿和卢科瑞蒂亚•莫特带领女权主义改革者在塞内卡瀑布举行聚会，要求修正法典里许多对妇女不公平的待遇。
纽约州召开了妇女代表大会，争取选举权运动。
这期间，美国社会出现了成千上万的•新女性”。
一般来讲，“新女性”指两类妇女，一类是劳动阶层的年轻女工，另一类是不安于传统女性命运的中产阶级少女和少妇。
“新女性”大都具有强烈的自我意识和独立的个性，受过一定程度的教育，性观念较为开放，不为传统的家庭观念所束缚。
她们常常通过各种方式为自己争取更大的独立权利，并呼吁与男人一样享有平等的权利。
’新女性”的崛起为当时的美国文学提供了全新的素材，注入了新的活力。
大批•新女性”以•自主、独立、蔑视传统”的姿态出现在美国社会，并以否定传统婚姻和家庭观念的大胆行为来挑战男权社会。
但是仍然有许多男性作家，如杰克•伦敦、亨利•詹姆斯等为捍卫男性权威、维护传统妇道而把•新女性”刻画成性情古怪，行为异常，令读者嫌恶的角色。
当时的女性仍然受着清教主义的影响，主流女性形象是温文尔雅的淑女，是虔诚的清教徒，这也就说明，当时的女性在婚后应该全心全意相夫教子，不能毫无顾忌地放纵自我的情感，整天沉溺于男欢女爱。
女性应该是纯洁无瑕的，应该是纯洁高尚的化身，不能读任何有关性和性爱的故事。
尽管德莱塞勇于而对现实，在《嘉莉妹妹》中描绘了以嘉莉为代表的“新女性”的形象，却也未能摆脱遭致恶评的命运。
德莱塞并未像其他世俗之人一样把嘉莉描绘成一个为了虚荣和欲望出卖肉体的低级女性，而是一个•被动的奋斗者”, 属于高层次的女性。
嘉莉妹妹-中英800字-读后感,作文,读书笔记
英文“ Sister Carrie” is a remarkable novel that delves deep into the human condition, exploring themes of ambition, desire, and the pursuit of the American Dream. Theodore Dreiser's vivid portrayal of Carrie's journey from a naive country girl to a woman caught in the web of urban life is both poignant and thought-provoking.The novel's strength lies in its unflinching realism. Dreiser doesn't shy away from depicting the harsh realities of life in the city, including the poverty, the cutthroat competition, and the moral ambiguity that Carrie encounters. This authenticity makes the story all the more compelling and relatable, as it reflects the challenges and choices that many people face in their own lives.One of the most interesting aspects of the novel is the complex character of Carrie. She is a complex and multi-faceted character, driven by her desires and ambitions, yet also vulnerable and uncertain. Her journey is a constant struggle between her longing for a better life and the moral dilemmas that come with it. As she ascends the social ladder, she must grapple with the consequences of her actions and the sacrifices she makes along the way.The character of Hurstwood is equally fascinating. His downfall is a tragic reminder of the consequences of giving in to one's desires without considering the moral implications. His actions are driven by his love for Carrie, but they also lead to his ruin. His story serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked passion and the importance of self-control.The writing style of “Sister Carrie” is both powerful and evocative. Dreiser's prose is rich in detail, painting a vivid picture of the city and its inhabitants. His descriptions of the settings and the characters' emotions are so vivid that the reader can almost feel the bustling streets of Chicago and the turmoil in the characters' hearts.In conclusion, “Sister Carrie” is a timeless classic that offers a profound exploration of human nature and the pursuit of happiness. It forces us to question our own values and the choices we make in life. Through Carrie's story, we are reminded that the pursuit of the American Dream is not always straightforward and that the consequences of our actions can be far-reaching.中文《嘉莉妹妹》是一部引人入胜的小说，它深入探讨了人性，以及对美国梦的追求。
美国作家西奥多德莱赛的嘉莉妹妹论文
IntroductionSister Carrie is Theodore Dreiser’s first novel, it was a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, but was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society. Carrie Meeber is the protagonist of the the story. Penniless and “full of the illusions of ignorance and youth,”she leaves her rural home to seek work in Chicago. On the train, she becomes acquainted with Charles Drouet, a salesman. In Chicago, she lives with her sister and brother-in-law, and works for a time in a shoe factory. Meager income and terrible work condition oppress her imaginative spirit. After a period of unemployment and loneliness, she accepts Drouet and becomes his mistress. During Drouet’s absences, she falls in love with Drouet’s friend, George Hurstwood, a middle-aged, married, comparatively intelligent and cultured saloon manager. They finally elope, first to Montreal and then to New York. They live together for more than three years. Carrie becomes mature in intellect and emotion, while Hurstwood, away from the atmosphere of success on while his life has been based, and steadily declines. So their relations become strained. At last, she thinks him too great a burden and leaves him. Hurstwood sinks lower and lower. After becoming a beggar, he commits suicide, while Carrie Meeber becomes a star of musical comedies. But in spite of her success, she is lonely and dissatisfied.In the novel Sister Carrie the author tells us, to Carrie, there must always be a new world to conquer, new goals to achieve. In other words, there must be a new level that is more satisfying than any she has reached.Carrie Meeber does not wish to remain poor and comes to the city to seek whatever she can find. But she is not a simple gold digger. She is much more complex than that, because her goals are clothes, money and fame. However, she does not mind the means through which she achieves them. In the course of her pursuit, Carrie subordinates everything to her consuming ambition, but in the end, her dream is completely broken, and she finds that she can never attain what she wants. She sitslonely in her rocking chair and dreams of such happiness as she may never feel.There is a particular characteristic of the novel which is worth mentioning----much of the space is devoted to the descriptions of the terrible working condition of the factory，where workers are treated as untiring machines. Dreiser shows great sympathy with the working people with whom he is so familiar in his youth. In his novels，workers，both male and female，seem vulgar, rude and ignorant，but warm-hearted and considerate. Take the workmates of Carrie at the shoe’s factory for example. They teach her how to work，try to aid her as much as they dare by working slower, and comfort her in her desperation. So there is true friendship among the workmates. It forms a striking contrast with Carries relationship with those bourgeoisies. And the workers turn out to be of higher class of consciousness in the chapters about the strike. The strikers know how to struggle for their rights. They are not armed，but fight peacefully. They say to the scrub "you don't want to take the bread out of another's mouth，do you?" "we're all working men，like yourself. If you were regular motorman，and had. been treated as we have been, you wouldn’t want anyone to take your place，would you?" "You wouldn’t want anyone to do you out of your chance to get your rights，would you?" "Come down，pared，and be a man. Don't fight the poor. “Though not revolutionary enough，but convincing and philosophic.”I think Sister Carrie is a long but not complicated novel; it had a chronological narrative which follows a linear sequence. Its organization and structure are, as we shall see later, quite conventional and Dreiser, who had after all little knowledge of literature, made no attempt to experiment with the form. It is rather the exact character-portrayal of the novel, the relentless exposure of human motives--- materialism is the core. Man had a meaningless and endless search for satisfaction of his desires, desires for money and sex is another human desire. Sexual beauty symbolizes the social status and shocks readers in 1900 and ultimately breaks new ground. Carrie's transgression, presented unapologetically Dreiser, was scandalous to contemporary readers. According to the conventions of Victorian melodrama, a woman who loves her virtue must be punished with death or other disastrous consequences. The sensation caused by Sister Carrie lay in the fact that, for the firsttime in American literature, a woman had a sexual relationship outside of marriage and came away unscathed. Sister Carrie shows some of the ideological doubts that Dreiser had about American society at the turn of the century. It creates a paradox in the idealism behind the novel. Carrie is to be lauded for her desire to succeed, but mercilessly slandered for her amoral ways of going about it.Though received not favorably and attacked as immoral by the public in its time, Sister Carrie best embodies Theodore Dreiser’s naturalistic belief that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct and chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence. Carrie Meeber, as one of such, senses that she is merely a cipher in an uncaring world yet seeks to grasp the mysteries of life and thereby satisfies her desires for social status and material comfort.Chapter 1 A Description of Carrie Meeber’sBehaviorChangesThe protagonist in this novel is Carrie Meeber，a naive young girl who leaves home in Wisconsinite to find a job and hopes to live independently in Chicago. She is eighteen years old，"and full of illusions of ignorance and youth".And yet she was interested in her charms, quick to understand the keener pleasures of life, ambitions to gain in material things. A half-equipped little knight she was, venturing to reconnoiter the mysterious city and dreaming wild dreams of some vague, far-off supremacy, which should make it prey and subject --- the proper penitent, groveling at a woman’s slipper.②She believes that “everyone has chances to get rich” and “Chicago is paved with wealth”. Anyway she wishes to enjoy the comfort of the city and to find a betterfortune there. She is bright，timid and poverty-stricken.“When she hoarded the afternoon train for Chicago，her total outfit consisted of a small trunk，a cheap imitation alligator---skin satchel，a small lunch in paper box，and a yellow leather snap purse，containing her ticket and four dollars in money.“When she arrives，she stays together with her sister and her brother-in-law, and work in a shoe factory, but she cannot support her self and tired of her job. Meager income and terrible working condition oppress her imaginative spirit. Meanwhile, she usually complains about her dress and manner.She realized in a dim way how much the city held-wealth, fashion, ease-every adornment for women, and she longed for dress and beauty with a whole heart③But the social reality is cruel and harsh for her, instead of finding the wealth，fashion，comfort she has been longing for so long to achieve，she sees that "the walls of the rooms were discordantly papered，the floors were covered with matting and the hall laid with a thin rag carpet.，But things are getting worse for herself. She has to find a job as soon as possible, because she is so broke and penniless. But being inexperienced, and a new comer, she is helpless and how can get one job as easily as she imagines? She walks from door to door from morning till night，turning-here and there，seeing one great company after another, but in vain at first. Finally she is lucky enough to be employed at a shoe's factory for four and a half weeks. Several weeks before going to work she sits on a rocking--chair and imagines that the sum of money will "clear its way to every job and every bauble which the heart of a woman may desire”. ‘I will have a fine time” she thinks. But she has to work incessantly for more than ten hours. After the day's work，her eyes are tired，her arms aching and her limbs stiff. She feels that she can hardly endure such a life. So she gives up the job. Her little savings are soon gone. She is to pay four dollars for board and room，"and now she felt that it would be an exceedingly gloomy round，living with these people.”In her desperation，she meets again, the salesman Drouet，whom she once getsacquainted with on the train –to Chicago. She accepts his ten－dollar bills without much hesitation. She just feels the bills are “soft，green，handsome.” And she feels that “she was immensely better off for the having of them. It was something that was power in itself.” One of her order of mind would have been content to be cast away upon a desert island with a bundle of money.”She exclaims "Ah，money, money! What a thing it was to have. How plenty of it would clear away all these troubles!” So the little soldier of fortune becomes a toy, a plaything of the cynical Drouet. Just as reviewed by “She really was not enamored of Drouet. She was cleverer than he. In a dim way, she was beginning to see where he lacked.④”She can see that Drouet does not have the keenest sensibilities and does not have any intention to marry her. So when Hurstwood calls，she meets a man who is more clever than Drouet in a hundred ways. Hurstwood falls in love with Carrie，takes$10,000 from the saloon safe，and tricks her into joining him on a train. Once in New York Hurstwood is unable to find work，while Carrie gets a job as an actress and soon leaves him.She felt very much like a criminal in the matter. Each day looking at Hurstwood. She had realized that, along with the disagreeableness of his attitude, there was something Pathetic⑤After Carrie Meeber deserts Hurstwood, he is in great despair. Feeble and penniless, Hurstwood wanders in a cold winter night with nobody trying to help. Extremely hopeless and totally devastated, he turns the gas on in a cheap lodging-house and ends his life, while at the same time Carrie is rocking comfortably in her luxuriant hotel room before she boards a ship for London. Carrie Meeber's desertion of Hurstwood can be interpreted as cold and cruel, but she stays with him until it is clear that there is nothing anyone can do to save him. At that time she cannot do anything to change their fate either. The counter point of Carrie's rise and Hurstwood's fall is the final irony of the novel..As the plot develops on，Hurstwood is forced to beg on the streets and live in Bowery flophouses where he commits suicide，unknown to Carrie，who has now become the toast of New York society. Yet Carrie learns in her own mind that this is not happiness. She，alone，sits on her rocking-chair，dreaming such happiness as she may never feel. At the beginning of the novel，Dreiser says "When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things. Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better-, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse". But this is not completely true for Carrie. She has two persons to help her, but instead of getting better, she goes from bad to worse. Actually there is no one who can be the savior for Carrie in the society. And she comes to realize it is impossible to be a success by working bard honestly. If you want to be successful，there is no choice but to sell your flesh and soul，fame and consciousness. As a matter of fact，she is always passive，following whither her craving leads. She is as yet more drawn than she draws. She is simply "an anchorless，storm-beaten little craft which can do absolutely nothing but drift," and "but a wisp in the wind"Chapter 2 Analysis of Carrie Meeber’s Behavior ChangesA. The Necessity for SurvivalBeing one of the millions who swarmed with others into the crowded big cities, Carrie Meeber, better known as Sister Carrie, flows to Chicago, the big prosperously industrial city to seek a better life. She is bright, timid, and full of the illusions of ignorance and youth. She thought that she could find a well-paid job and live comfortably among the upper social strata.Soon she realized that she is faced with the very basic need for living. According to the humanistic theorist Abraham Maslow, human needs can be arranged in a hierarchy ranging from the most necessary requirement for survival at the bottom to the most profound expressions of human potential，self-actualization at the top. After she is settled down in her sister Minnie's house she could not enjoy the comfort of afamily. Soon she realizes that her sister's house will not be her permanent place to dwell in. and conscious of the necessity to find a job sooner to support her. This is just in conformity with Maslow’s need hierarchy, with the need for basic physiological desire for food to keep one to survive at the bottom. Unless this need is met it is hard and impossible for a person to pursue higher needs. It is unlikely for the country girl to go to cinemas, go shopping, and buy the attractive, fancy clothes at the expense of the Hanson’s. They are even thinking of having Carrie pay the expenses fo r her board and lodging in order to save some money. How ruthless and unkind the industrialization has turned people that they will ignore the passions and love among family members.After a kind of long march for looking for a job, Carrie Meeber was lucky enough and finally got a job in a shoe factory. Even though the wage is quite low and she has to pay the Hansons four dollars a week for her room and board, she still indulges in her imagination of the showy city life that she may have someday. This is understandable and logical as better life and enjoyment are above the physiological need in Maslow's need hierarchy. What bores Carrie most is that her sister and Mr. Hanson are too old and their thoughts are too conservative that they do not share much in common. After losing her job Carrie is somewhat despaired, she is lonely and helpless in this desperate situation without anybody to give her any suggestion or guide. Drouet's timely presence is like a straw in the water to save a drowning person from being swallowed by water.As a naive and young, Carrie Meeber is so imaginative and her desire for a better life and enjoyment and live among the upper-class is so strong that even if she meets difficulty and cold treatment, such thoughts are still deeply rooted in her mind. This provides a clue for the readers' understanding of her later changes in behavior. Her overwhelming drive for self-interest will motivates her in every instance. We can clearly see Carrie’s readiness to adapt to new environment when she first comes to Chicago. She is a born craver for the material things. Carrie’s curiosity arid her attention to the possibilities extended by life seem more important and significant than any cautionary training she may have received from her parents. This may serve as areason why she soon falls into affair with Drouet and becomes her mistress.B. The Lure of the Material WorldHe we may see that the acceptance of Drouet's twenty-dollar support marks Carrie Meeber’s submission to his request and her even strong desire for materials. When she stands in front of the mirror of the clothes shop to observe her beautiful image and complexion she couldn't help feeling pleased and a warm glow creeps into her cheeks. Now she also has a just and proper appreciation of her inborn beauty and couldn't bear to feel sorry for herself because she doesn’t get li fe's due rewards for the sake of her attractiveness. After a period of unemployment and loneliness, she accepts Drouet and becomes his mistress.As the theory explains, Maslow's need hierarchy denotes that a need for security is above the physiological need, Material things are big attractions to her, which exert irresistible influence on her. Having taken one step on the socioeconomic ladder Carrie Meeber is bound to climb higher as this is her natural personality to be never satisfied with the present. After met Drouet’s friend Fitzgerald Hurstwood—a big manager, she is fascinated again, for an even luxurious and affluent life will be revealed in front of the eighteen-year-old country girl.As she has Drouet’s financial support, Carrie Meeber has now been at the second ladder of the need hierarchy. She is no longer worried about safety which she seeks from Drouet. But comparison with others shakes her already vulnerable mind and inspires her greater demand for the need. Carrie has usually tended to form her judgment from the material appearance, which is her instinct.” Carrie’s mind is flooded by sensory impression of the city’s material things and it succumbs.”Hurstwood invites Drouet and Carrie to see the famous actor Joseph Jefferson perform in Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving, and in the expensive box, surrounded by people of means; Carrie's mind is filled with such thoughts that Hurstwood is the stronger and higher. The acquaintance with Hurstwood and the further development in their relationship will guarantee Carrie a safer need for survival both physiologically and socially. Since Carrie is such a person motivated bydesire, she will of course shift her attention from Drouet to Hurstwood who will bring her more luxurious pleasure and enjoyment.C. The Pursuit of Self-ActualizationIn the story, From Chicago to New York, Carrie Meeber's life undergoes some changes. She is married to Hurstwood under the new name of Wheeler and settles down in a common flat in New York City. In Maslow's motivational hierarchy, he believes that most people are blocked from progressing smoothly up this need ladder. Some people have to spend their entire lives working very hard just to satisfy the lower-level deficiency needs, while others never succeed in achieving the belongingness and love that they desire from others. Even people who have reached the higher levels can quickly tumble back down the hierarchy if circumstances change and their lower-level needs are no longer being met.We can identify that in the case of Hurstwood, he just belongs to the third kind of people who can no longer retain his original fame and position once the situation changes. But for Carrie, it is quite the different case. She is an adaptable lady, making herself suit the situation soon. Besides, she is sensitive and often has her own opinions. Observing that Hurstwood has always been wearing the same dress and careful with the money, such a change is too obvious to escape Carrie's detection. Carrie still loves Hurstwood but only has a little satisfaction because she no longer can spend money on anything she likes, she can not go with her lover to wherever they used to. Hurstwood is no longer respected and honored as he was in Chicago. That means several needs are deprived of her“need hierarchy”, which makes her uneasy and disappointed. Her innate desire for material things is hard to satisfy, which causes her displeasure.Carrie Meeber had lived in her private life and never compared with those who enjoy a higher social status and life standard, Carrie's desire for "more" might be suppressed and not to be evoked. But Carrie is not born to be a person like this. She hopes to socialize, get acquainted with others, thus the outside world excellences hold an irresistible force on her.As a matter of fact Carrie Meeber tries every means to avail herself of getting in touch with Mrs. Vance. ---her neighbor, who is not only refined in her manner, but also can play the piano fairly well. Frequent exposure to the refinement and delicate manners displayed by those rich ladies like Mrs. Vance makes Carrie pick up these behaviors quickly and the dissatisfaction with her state increases as time passes by. This point is best illustrated by a visit to the theatre to which Carrie is invited by the Vance’s. Together with them are Mrs. Vance's cousin Ames. In the street, which they are following, coaches are numerous, pedestrians are many and streetcars are crowded. Pitiful is Carrie that she has never had the chance to be taken to a theatre dining-hall ever since they move to New York. Hurstwood's modified state could not permit his bringing her to places like this. She is by now totally overwhelmed by the splendid scene that wealth can bring, her strong desire is aroused and she sees the tokens of property and richness which are the true embodiment of self-actualization.In the story another balancing power on Carrie Meeber comes from Mrs. Vance's cousin, Mr. Ames. During the dinner, they talk about the way rich people indulge in showing off. Ames' words come to Carrie as a shock. “I shouldn't care to be rich, not rich enough to spend my money this way.”And “What good would it do? A man doesn't need this sort of thing t o be happy.” Even though Carrie thought of his words doubtfully, she believed they had weight with her because the word came from him. Although Carrie has such a short contact and exchanges few words with this young gentleman, she is greatly impressed by his words and manners. His ideology seems reasonable, noble, far above the reach of those showy rich people. This is an invisible influence upon Carrie's heart that she might be thinking as to what is the real meaning of success at the end of the novel. After seeing the play, Carrie asks Ames his opinion about being an actor. Ames gives her affirmation that to be a good one, the theatre is a great thing. Ames' little approval sets Carrie's heart bounding.In her conscious mind, Carrie is clear that she couldn't develop any close relationship with this young man, but unconsciously she feels attracted by him. After all, Ames' objective comment on being a good actor sets the tone for Carrie's later achievement in stage. His ideals burn in Carrie's heart. Though they have met justonce or twice, he could have had such strong impression on her, which can guide Carrie in her future development----self-actualization.Carrie Meeber is successful in her later career, after her success of being an actress, she is deeply absorbed in the profession she is engaged in the showy world in which her interest lies completely absorbs her. She now turns her material desire to her yearning for celebrity and reputation, which is of course at the top part of her need hierarchy as far as Carrie is concerned. As time goes by, Carrie has been evoked the even stronger desire to realize herself-fulfillment. In Ames's eyes, this should mean the full development of leer natural talent to enable her success in serious plays, but to Carrie Meeber her understanding is her stronger desires will be met---another meaning of self-actualization. So sitting in her rocking chair, Carrie couldn't help. Remembering the past and what she really wants in life. Chicago, New York; Drouet, Hurstwood; the world of fashion and the world of stage-these are just incidents. Not them, but that which they represent, she longs for.Carrie Meeber is always wanting for more, she has made great success, but she is still lonely and dissatisfied. It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of delight, which tints the distant hilltops of the world. So do we see Carrie feels happiness even though she is successful in her profession? Hardly. Her addiction to even greater fame and thus even more desires will keep her from being satisfied with life and become a tremendous force to pursue her next great goal or desire. "Wanting more, Carrie goes on living, dreaming of happiness that, fortunately perhaps, she will never know.”Chapter 3 Theodore Dreiser’s Moral and Naturalistic IdeasWith the publication of Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser was launching himself upon a long career that would ultimately make him one of the most significant American writers of the school later known as literary naturalism, in fact he is one of the representative writers of American naturalism, Theodore Dreiser’s style has been a point of heated discussion. The consensus that has been reached so far seems to bethat, although Theodore Dreiser’s novels are formless at times and awkwardly written, and his characterization is found deficient and his prose pedestrian is dull, yet his every energy proves to be more than compensation. Dreiser’s stories are always solid and intensely interesting with their simple but highly moving characters. Theodore Dreiser is good at employing the journalistic method of reiteration to burn a central impression into the reader’s mind. His interest in painting is reflected in his taste for word-pictures, sharp contrast, and truth in color, and movement in outline. The pessimistic and deterministic ideas of American naturalism are clearly showed in Dreiser’s works as he is one of the representative writers of this school.Theodore Dreiser is half socialist and half cosmological pessimist, he was left-oriented in his views. The first chapter of Sister Carrie almost parodies this stock figure. Carrie does not have a thought for her hometown and feels no nostalgia for it or for her family, even when circumstances are hardest for her in Chicago. No wealthy, handsome young man crosses her path. Her "savior" is a drummer, who has no intention of marrying her and whom she will discard with scarcely an afterthought. Carrie becomes a kept woman, but neither she nor Dreiser makes a fuss about it. She will rise through luck, cunning, and an almost total lack of scruples. In the traditional popular fiction of the time, she should be driven to dishonor, prostitution, or suicide. Interestingly, the perhaps in order to make sure that his readers got his point, Dreiser contrasts Carrie with a character that is her exact counterpoint: Minnie, her sister, is virtuous, hard-working, and married. She is not rewarded in the least. Marriage has simply led her into a life of poverty and drab monotony, and Dreiser gives no hint that there is the slightest chance that Minnie's lot might improve some day. Carrie does revive in the American Dream and in the values offered by American society at the end of the nineteenth century: comfort, opulence, status, and security. He would agree with Dreiser who once wrote in one of his pulp migraines that success is what counts in the world, and it is little matter how success is won. This lonely, tossing, thoughtless sea in which Carrie is swimming as she concludes her entrance into Chicago is Dreiser's metaphor for what the German sociologist "George Simmel"⑥identified shortly after the publication of Sister Carrie as "the mental life of themetropolis," which, Simmel might have been describing the state in which Carrie repeatedly finds herself through the rest of her urban career, during the course of which her mood shifts again and again between exhilaration and confusion. The overture to that career, full of the swift and continuous shift of external stimuli so familiar to her and other Chicagoans, is her journey into the city on the train.But while debunking the myths of popular fiction, Dreiser does not extol a sort of immoral cynicism, a total law of the jungle. The morality of Carrie is rather a peculiar sort of amorality, a moral innocence that does not make her guilty of any sin. Dreiser may therefore be viewed as a writer who has no moral preconceptions and who confronts life, in particular life in the American city, for what it is. He explains the insignificance of life and attacks the conventional moral standards. Not only does he look it in the face, but he also refuses to condemn. There is no denying that Dreiser evinced an honesty to his material and to what he knew about life that few, if any, of his predecessors or contemporaries had. Nor does he waste time regretting that life is not what it should or could be; he was not interested in ideals, only in reality as he saw it. But Dreiser stopped at that: he knew how brutal society could be and gives plenty of evidence in Sister Carrie that it is, yet nowhere does he lament the situation or show any interest whatever in political or social reform. Nor is it his intention to move the reader in that direction. The Chicago sweatshops and the strike incident are cases in point. They are described in detail, but Dreiser does not take sides, presenting the worker's and the management's points of view neutrally. Describing the strike, he simply gives us a picture of conditions; he does not explore the problem of social justice or the social and political implications. The sweatshops and the strike are episodes in Carrie's and Hurstwood's lives, nothing more. But the reader feels uninvolved because Dreiser doe snot manages to enlarge his vistas to encompass a more human view of social phenomena. The novel has two stories that counterpoint each other nicely: Carrie's rise and her lover is a study of the mechanical process of unrelated to morality as a chemical experiment. But inscrutable laws, some fall, some rise. Success and failure are both aspects of a morally process.。
英语论文从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》
XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编号：论文（设计）题目：从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》学院： XXX学院专业：英语教育班级： XXXX级英语教育X班学生姓名：XXX 学号： XXXXXXXX 指导教师： XX 职称：XX1、论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是从女性主义角度解读女主人公嘉莉.米贝的新女性形象。
2、论文（设计）的主要内容本论文分为两章，第一章介绍嘉莉从依附家庭成员和情人到实现独立，并分析其依赖的客观社会原因。
第二章讨论了嘉莉自我意识的觉醒。
3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线本论文的基础条件是不同的研究者对文章的不同解读。
研究路线是对嘉莉.米贝在男权社会的新女性形象进行具体的阐释和解读。
4、主要参考文献E.L. Doctorow. 1958. An Introduction to Sister Carrie. New York: A Bantam Book, Inc.Abrham H. Maslow , G.N. 1970. a theory of human motivation. New York: Harper & RowCharvetr, J. 1982. Feminism. London: J.M. Dent& Sons Ltd.,蒋道超，1999，《德莱赛研究》，上海：上海外语教育出版社。
朱达，1989，《论德莱赛的〈嘉莉妹妹〉》，外国文学研究。
教师：年月日教研室主任：年月注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述本科生毕业论文设计从女性主义角度解读《嘉莉妹妹》作者姓名XXX指导教师XX所在学院 XXX学院专业（系）英语教育班级（届） XXXX级英教X班完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 8 日Feminist reading onSister CarrieByXXXXProf. XX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of EnglishLanguage and Literature in PartialFulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A in EnglishAt XXXX UniversityMay 8, XXXXAbstractTheodor Dreiser is a distinguished writer in American literature in twentieth century. He boasts readers all over the world. In the meantime, Dreiser is widely discussed in critical filed. His first novel, Sister Carrie is his first novel and typical representative of naturalism and has remained a hot topic in American literature.By now, this novel has been researched from various perspectives, but few from feministic aspects systematically.With American society at the turn of the 19th and 20th century, the novel witnesses great transformation of that era. The booming industrialization changes people’s life style as well as their way of thinking and ideology, especially female’s thoughts. Sister Carrie juxtaposes rise to become a celebrity of a country girl and degradation of an affluent manager to a homeless beggar and finally resorts to suicidal. However, popularized commercialism and patriarchal thoughts imposes negative influence on woman, despite of which, Carrie achieves independence from family and lover and realizes talent and beauty awareness.The thesis is composed of two chapters.Chapter one introduces the emergence of new woman in the deeply-rooted patriarchal society, analyzes Carrie’s independence from family and lovers and explains the objective reason for her dependence- consumerist society.Chapter two discusses three kinds of traditional woman and their fate pattern and concentrates on Carrie’s gradual achievement of beauty awareness and talent awareness and her attitude to reality from passiveness to activeness.The significance of the study includes two aspects. Firstly, through the analysis, the researcher wants readers to be more familiar with plot and characters of this novel, not merely regards it as a naturalistic work. Secondly, the research tries to employ concrete supporting theories to analyzeKey words independence self-consciousness freedom摘要西奥多.德莱赛是二十世纪美国文学史上的一名著名作家。
《嘉莉妹妹》：自由女性的勇气与困境
《嘉莉妹妹》：自由女性的勇气与困境1. 引言1.1 概述：嘉莉妹妹是一位充满勇气和坚持的自由女性形象，她以其敢于追求自主权和平等的积极行动而深受读者喜爱。
在她的背后，有着一个充满挑战和困境的现实社会。
本文将探讨嘉莉妹妹所面临的社会压力和困境，并分析她所展现的勇气与坚持。
1.2 文章结构：本文分为五个主题来探讨嘉莉妹妹的形象、困境以及她所展示出来的勇气与坚持。
引言部分将简要介绍文章观点，并概述文章结构。
1.3 目的：本文旨在通过揭示嘉莉妹妹作为自由女性形象所面临的困境和挑战，探讨女性在当代社会中仍然存在的不平等问题。
我们将评估并赞赏嘉莉对抗这些问题所展现出来的勇气，并展望女性在未来可能面临的发展前景。
请记住，政策、约定或实践可能已经发生变化，本文的观点和结论仅基于作者对嘉莉妹妹形象的解读。
2. 主题一: 嘉莉妹妹的自由女性形象2.1 嘉莉妹妹的背景和故事情节：嘉莉妹妹是一位年轻有志向的女性，在故事中展现出强烈的个人主义精神和追求自由的意愿。
她来自一个传统保守的家庭，但她渴望走出自己的舒适区，寻找属于自己的道路。
通过离开乡村生活到城市寻求个人发展，她成为了一个独立思考并勇于追求梦想的年轻女性。
2.2 嘉莉妹妹对传统女性角色的抗拒与突破：在以男权社会为主导的环境中，传统女性通常被期望扮演被动、从属和顺从的角色。
然而，嘉莉妹妹对这种约束不满，并努力突破传统角色模式。
她没有接受作为女性在社会中被限制和贬低的命运，而是选择追求知识、独立、职业发展和个人成就。
2.3 嘉莉妹妹所面临的社会困境和挑战：嘉莉妹妹在追求自由女性形象过程中遇到了许多困境和挑战。
社会对于独立女性的偏见和歧视使她经常面临质疑、嘲笑和不公正对待。
传统观念中根深蒂固的性别角色刻板印象也给她的自由发展设下了障碍。
此外，家庭及亲朋好友的期望与限制也对她的选择产生了阻碍。
以上就是文章“2. 主题一: 嘉莉妹妹的自由女性形象”部分的内容，描述了嘉莉妹妹作为一个反传统女性角色的背景和故事情节，以及她对传统角色模式抗拒并努力突破的态度。
小说《嘉莉妹妹》读后感范文
小说《嘉莉妹妹》读后感范文篇一、小说《嘉莉妹妹》读后感范文Carrie was such an ordinary rural girl at the beginning of the story. Sitting on the seat of a bus, she couldn’t help feeling exciting at the sight of the metropolis’ spectacle. She was impressed deeply by large crowd on the avenue, the spacious square or tall buildings.Far more different from other heroines, Carrie was not a plain pure angel like Snow-white, nor was she brave enough to be a heroine of revolutionist or even a reformer, nor was she so clever as to be a successful career woman who start from scratch.What attracted her most, after her entering this huge metropolis was the incredible fineries, fashion shoes, smart handbags displaying in the shop windows, the jewellerys shining brightly behind the glass. She dreamed that one day, she could wear all of these, jogging gracefully into the most luxurious hotel with focused sights of admiration.And this was not merely a dream. Because she had large eyes which can earn others’ sympathy, even love. She had wonderful figure which can win others’ hearts. However, anything she got, anywhere she reached, had not come from her ambition. Things happened, and then she accepted. That’s what she had just done — just to accept willingly from the bottom of her heart. She was not at all an evil woman who would give anything for the fortune or fame. However, she would give uo something for a better life when her instinct defeated her intellect.That was Carrie, a girl had her own desire, a human being just like many others in the realistic world.There’s one sentence written in chapter VIII:” When thisjangle of free-will instinct shall have been adjusted, when perfect understanding has given the former the power to replace the latter entirely, man will no longer vary.” However, how many people can go that further.And I want to quote another sentence to wind up my essay:“In Carrie — as in how many of our wordings do they not? — instinct and reason, desire and understanding, were at war for the mastery.”篇二、小说《嘉莉妹妹》读后感范文《嘉莉妹妹》的作者是美国社会小说家西奥多·德莱塞。
论文SisterCarrie
Lost in Materialism--Sister CarrierAbstractSister Carrier is the first work of Theodre Dreiser .It tells us how a country maiden becomes a fomous star in Broadway. In the novel Theodre Dreiser describes the living condition and emotion changes of carrier very vividely .the novel takes true realism as its distinctive feature ,reflects the tragic fact that people pursure American Dream fanatically in the early twentieth century .This paper exposes the theme of intinct which drives people to enjoy but disillusion finally and illustrates that it's impossible to possess true happiness in a money-orineted capitalism society.Key W ords, Money-orineted capitalism society, Consumpolism ,Disllusinment ,Tragedy摘要<<嘉莉妹妹>>是美国自然主义小说家德莱塞的第一部作品.小说讲述了一个农村少女从社会底层登上百老汇红舞星宝座的全过程,小说中德莱塞清晰的描述了嘉莉妹妹的生活状况和心理发展历程.女主人公的特点就是现实.该部小说反映了人们再0世纪初期因追求美国梦而产生的悲剧,该论文主要是揭示人们在追求享受的本质但最终幻灭的原因,也说明了在拜金主义风尚加剧的资本主义社会追求真正的幸福是不可能的,阐述嘉莉妹妹悲剧产生的必然性.关键词拜金主义的资本主义社会,消费主义,幻灭,嘉莉妹妹,悲剧Contents Abstract (1)中文摘要 (2)Contents (3)Introduction (4)Chapter 1 Writer's aim to write the novel (5)Chapter 2 Backgrond of the novel2.1. Money-oriented capitalism society (6)2.2.Consumpolism (7)2.3.American Dream (8)chapter 3 Comblination of sister carrier to the society3.1.characters of sister carrier (10)3.2.the lot she would faced whitout these characters (11)3.3.the necessity of her tragedy in that society (12)Conclusion (14)Biblography............................................................................Introduction1.1.ContextSister Carrier describes how a country maiden becomes a famous star in Broadway .when she first trod on Chicago,she was deeply impressed by the colourful world .As an uneducated country girl ,if she want to be success ,she have to rely on something inmoral.In fact ,she didn't intend to ,but she did it through two men who could help her to meet her desire to some material .Dreweh spend money for her ,take her out to play .But when she saw a lot of villa ,private cars ,wide private glasses and luxurious.All these things kindle the light of desire .Then she acknowledge Hurstwood who could give her more ,but when she find him is useless to her ,she dispised him.At last ,she made a success but shi is doomed to be vanity and lonely.she is a typical example of the capitalism society.1.2.The significance of the studySister Carrier is one of the best novels of Theodre Dresier.He want to reveal the nature of capitalism society at the turn of 19th and 20th century industral booms on the one hand enabled people an enormous material enjoyment of life ,on the other hand eroded the spirtual and emotional life of every individual .Anyone is fancy for seeking American Dream at last turned to be a tragedy.It illustrates that it's impossible to possess happiness in a money-oriented capitalism society.1.3.Shape of the paperThis paper will be consisted in five chapters.Chapter one is introduction part what intiated with the main content of the novel and the significance of the study.Chapte two is mainly discussed the background of the novel ,let readers understand clear about the novel .chapter three is mainly talked about the writting aim of the writer ,let us read the novel with a purpose .Chapter four is mainly discussed the necessity of her tragedy in that kind of socity .Chapter five is a conclusin part that make a conclusion to the paper.Chapter One Writting's aimWe all know that literature can reflect the social problems ,present life.It's existence as a mirror of social life .Tt can fonction well to the development of society because when readers have read the book try to find the general idea and central idea.Then people can meditate on it ,do some responde to it .That is :started with finding problem ,then anaylise it,end with solving the problem.So a literature can promate the development of society.As one of American literature naturalists.Theodore Dresier try to describre the real social life under the rapidly development of capitalism in the end of 19th century and the early 20th century.The heroine of the novel is typical image in the history of american literature becaues of the thick air of life and times .Dresier try to let us know the nature of capitalism society .It's money-orineted .The most important thing is to pursure material and money to pursuit the living condition better and better but ignore the spirtual or emotion of individual.He tries to reveal the relationship between human beings are all based on the utiliartism .All the acting aims to meet the desire of individual .Be hind the flourish of capitalism is employment ,poverty and huangry .First let us read the below words come from the novel:when a girl leaves her home at eighteen,she dose one of two things.Either she falls into saving hards and becomes better or she rapidly assumes the consumpolitan standard of virture and becomes worse.Of an intermediate balance under the circumstances,there is no possibality .The city has its the cunning wiles ,no less than the infintly smaller and more human tempter.There are large forces which allure with all the soulfulness of expression possible in the most cultured human .The gleam of a thousand lights is often as effective as the persuasive light in a wrong and fascinating eye.Half the undoing of un sophisticated and nature mind is accomplished by forus wholly superhuman .A blare of sound ,a roar of life ,a vast array of human lives ,appeal to the astonished senses in equivocal terms ,without a consellor at hand to whisper cautious interpretations without falsehoods may not these things breath into the unguarded ear!Unrecongnised for what they are ,their beauty ,like music ,too ofenrelaxes then weekens, then pervers the simpler human perceptions.Clearly ,we can see the attitudes of writer's to capitalism society.It's full o fcheats ,lust .inmoral ,glory,tempter,passion and material ,cunning wileS.But why?Chapter Two Background of the NovelTheodore Dresier lived at the turn of 19th and 20th century when the doctriness of the consumptionism and hedonism wre gaining momentum ,when industral booms enabled people an enormous enjoyment in life.2.1.Money-orineted capitalism societyAt that time .The whole society was stifled with avid material acquisition and morbid worship of money and fortune. The personnel spirtual were disrupted and endangered ,The principal of capitalist value is everyone's mind.After the cicil war from 1860 to 1865.American's industial and buisiness wre developed rapidely .America is shifted from the paterol contry to a industral country .From 1860 to 1900.It's population have surged to 2600 million from 3100 million .And the population is centred into the city from rural area to the city .Less than 10 years .towns is developed the biger city.Among them .Chicago is most attractive.Population has developed to 300 million in 1970 from the the 350 persons in 1832.In 1880.It has passed 500 million .We are deeply surprised to the development speed.The big industrial is just sprung up ,then be merged by a bigger one.Under the control of finincal capitalist minority rich men is richer through oppress the poor,that enlarge the distance of poor and rich,the fundmental structure is far from meet in the demmand of the immigrant just as the description in the novel .The sound of the hammer engaged upon established erection of new structures was heard everywhere heard.About the monoply capitalism ,Weighbe have said:"Fancy to seeking the heaven of god is transfered to reasonable thinking about economy,the root of religious is drained to death gradually ,Tt's replaced by utilitarin in second.""Product to people's life is turned to be an unimaginable force".That is to say "money-orineted phenomonea is inevitable.It's regarde as a typical character of capitalism ,ie:people blinding the product that produced by themselves .2.2.ConsumpolismSister carrier is one victim of the society .With the development of industralition .peoples tende toreason and utilira.Money and interest has been the standered of personnel relatioship .The childish smiles is disappeared in the sound of money .They just seeking the material enjoyment but without spirtual. So form the unperfect characterIn th esociety of goods ,people was completely to be consummer.So conusming i turned to be the single goal and great happiness in our life,even as the smoking alcohol,cocain make us indicting .Middle-class family purchase the frige,washing-machine and telephone.men at this time wear waistwatch and smoke cigar,women purchase masquer and fashion closes.Advetise producer promate the development of consuming.They regard themselves as agent of Amercian ecomonical booming.They advertise for products and enrich the production with charming and influence.(current715).Product and advertise video have taught the consumer how to definite their needs and life style according to the product market(Parenti 65).In a large degree,people's imagination is influenced by the advertisment and meia.The excellent exemple to illustrate the consumer tide is that American people'sattitude to the car is almost crazy .The car is not only a tool of transportation but also products first attracit the people in the whole nation.With the deeply development of American economy ,the cosumolism is occured.At that society ,consuming is regarded as the symbol of social place.The more one can consune,the more higher placeof the society one posesse.That is to say,social membership is dispensable whith this posess of products and monely.The different product repressent the different symbole and style of social membership.2.3 American DreamThe sucess of the novel is that lower-class person how to try to get rid of poverty but finnely disillument of dream in the competive society.It's kind of disllusin after sucess.As rural maiden,her educationreceived is limit.She always at a loss when she come into chicago .she didin't know how to start and how to change the present situation ,just push into the city full of material and lust with a simply dream .She envies to material enjoyment and dream unpractically.In fact,her dream represent other youth's dream in America.It's kind of reasonable.A fter coming chicago ,Carrie lost gradually in the materialiam.The worlf ,the city,mechaine product and property have the unimaginable force that have qualify and power to make a choice for human beings.The real life in the city(lower incomm),the proude of the rich(the rich woman with pearl and diammand promoter her and dispised her),the lust of the material (the fashion clothes stimulated the desire of her heart .All these made her at a loss accompanging with envy ,but such king of innocent girl just fall down the sea of materia.Her traged is doomed.She is alone in the sea so she tries to catch something survive.The well-plosed man Drewhetis the thing that she can catched.To meet the needs of clothes and bijoux,the senses of security,she catched him.Though she hesitated about it sometimes but money is favourable and flare.The desire to money have owerwhelmed by the lust and mony.Ehen the need of innerself is contracdited with outside .she submissed to the dark aspect of her heart.selfish,vanity,every and desire of enjotment.In the novel ,we can see a life picture that needs upgrade and meet the more desire of heart .when she lived with Dreweh,she needn't to worry about food.she's deeply influenced by the materalism in any time .Seeking more to meet the needs of personnel phuysical and spirture is her aim.She exposed her more desire and fancy .To achieve goal ,she could take any means,even her body.Tt's a dreadful desire.She cant't hear the voice of conscience.Everytime she was blaned by the conscinence,she always could find some excuse to respond to it.All the evident have showed that the envy to material is over the constration of moral .With the change of situation ,the darkness in her heart exposed more and more .She turns to husterwood not only because of money but also the style of character.It's lure of soul ,sheneeds happy and want to get higher place in society.So she needs this kind of men 's love ,she wangt to be recognised.With the hope,her desire is more and more.Her desire turned into personnel value.,a higher point. She seeks the art ,want to bre a perfect actress to be repecter and be recognised by others. Only in this way ,her spirit desire can be satisifed .Now ,she knows how to dig the potention of hersel and make her dream come true.but the hope is higher and higher.Even though she get rid of the poverty and sussessin undertaking.But her spirit word is vanity because she never feeled satisfy.Chapter Three Combination of Carrie to the Society3.1. Characters of CarrieCaroline Meeber was innocent ,childish.her thought is simple ,just want to be a member of the capitalism .she is pretty .Of cause ,because of this pretty ,she could attrctive some men who could change her life.In fact,at beginning .she didn't want to rely on anybody,just want to depend on herself ,she need hand in the fees of accomdation to her sister ,so she have to loo k for a job .Completely labour job.After a serious sike in working preiod ,she was dismissed by the capitalist ,at last she submissed to the present situation ,enter into the arms of Drewheh.From that ,we can see she is easy to submission .her heart is weaving in the materalism .Maybe she could look for another job but she didn't.So she is afraid of failure and afraid of being beat down in such society .She chose depend on a man but ignore the moral standard.At first time ,Dreweh present her a job as an actress ,she is afraid of failure,but she didn't refused it when Drewehencourge her.It shows she want to be sucess and to be famous ,want to have a place in the society ,at this period ,her envy to sucess triumph over the afraid.It indicates she is beginning dissatisfied the present life and try to get rid of it.the job is a turn of her life.When she encounter hursterwood, she is attracted by his manner.It's the lure of the spirit and the flesh in pursuit .She dispos Dreweh effectually and forever.When Huresterwood talked to her "why don't you come away?I will arrange for you whatever?""Oh-don't",said Carrie.there was a look of confusion and pain in her face .She was wandering why that miserable thought must be brought in .She was struck as by a blade with a miserable provision which was outside the pale of marriage.But at last she really disposed Drewehwithout hesitation .we can see that her character strong .She still want to independent ,however,when she found this sort of independent is no way .She choose to dispose him .Her mind is gradually mature and blended with capitalism.She know what she want-the loveWhen the love turn to be useless to her ,she took the second choice--disposeHasterwood.So ,in fact ,she turns into selfish and utilitarilim .All what she does is just good for herself .She is a typical example of victim in materalism.3.2 the Lot She W ould Faced without these CharactersLet us just imagine what the lot she would faced if she is not easy to submission ,if she is brave to say no to the two men ,if she has no envy to the material ,if she dosen't want to be recognised by the society,if she isn't selfish or have the sympathy?First imagination:she took another job after dismissed and insisted in working there.Obsolutely ,she would still opresssed by the capitalists just like he sister.spend her daily life with inscensing labor work,no lust no lure no materalism ,no dream ,a completely simple county girl without any attraction .But the second job would not be long or steady because she could be encountered the same problem as the first job .Second imagination:If she refused the job as an actress,of caurse,she will not be a fomous star in Braodway.She will all the time stay stay the house that Dreweh offered,just purchuse as a conusmer,just live her life depend on Dreweh like a rich men's wife.But this kind of life is also not long .because Dreweh does not really love her.Third imagination:If she refused Hasterwood and still stay with Dreweh,maybe she would also become a famous star in Braodway but would not so fast,maybe she would not famous because Drewehwould disposed her at any time.If under the condition ,she have became famous,Dreweh can marry her,adn love her .She have no more desire ,of cause,her spirit would not so avanity.Fourth imagination:If she didn't disposed harestwood when he have stolen the money.In fact.Idont't think the two things have directly connection untill they really loved each other.then she would be happy .After her spirit has love.The finnal imagination:If she didn't come chicago at all ,of cause,she would not impressed by the material,the fashion clothes,the place of the society and money .she will never know the nature of capitalism,the tragedy of personnel relationship.3.3 the Necessity of Her TragedyMaybe someone don't think Carrie is a tragdy because of her success,but really,she is and it's inevitable.Her coming to chicago is pursuit American Dream,so her travel has an aim that she want to come true.Maybe she didn't know what exactly it is ,but she knows the dream is in Amreican .When she boarded the train for chicago .the threads which bound her so slightly to girlhood and home were broken.She is inexperienced to a big city .It's easy to tendered When she was yold one of prettiest little resorts in Wisconsin,lincol park,Michigon boulevard.grest buildings,theatres,and fine houses.Everything he described is fancy to her but her insignificancein the presence of so much magnificance faintly affected her.That implies she will catch every opportunities to be sucessed and be recognised by the city and will not be ignored.She looks for a lobor job because at that time ,she is still inncence.Her conscience is filled with her heart,but when she was attracted to be lived in enjoyment life without working,she subjected to it because her desire trumphor over her conscience.Then she entered into the sea of material without ceasing desire.Of course,it's the main cause of her tragedy.In that society,if you want to be recognised or get higher place,you shoud consume because the products you pueches reflect your place.The five imaginztion is absolutely not happened in that society.With the development of understanding the rule of life,only you can suited to society,you can survive.When she first be pressented to the job of actress,she will abouslotility received it.Everyone who have a dreamwil take any chance to make it true.Also she will disposed Dreweh on the one hand because she have an higher opportunity and prey,on the other hand,she have realised the nature of the connection.Dreweh is not really love her just toy her and Carrie also finds it's not the true love,so she gives up without hesiatation In the capitalism society ,the rate of develoment is so rapidely that your pace will never keep up with.Y ou have to run and run along the rode of development,but you never get it,never meet the desire.So she will never happy.At least when she find Hareterwood without money and place is useless to her,she desposed him.Clearly , the tragedy lies in inceasingpursuit higher an higher place or spirtual .At the end of the novel,it says:"she was now in an illustrion od ehe devious ways by which one who feels,rather than resons,maybe led in the pursuit of the beauty.Though ofen disillosined ,she was still watting for that halcy on day when she would be led forth among dreams become real.Ames had pointed out a further step,b ut on and on beyond that ,if accomplished,would lie others for her.It was forever to be the pursuit of that radiance of daylight which that the distance hilltops of the world.Blind strivings of the human heart .Onward,onward,it's wen the feet weary and hopes seems vain that heartchase and the longing arise,knows,then that for you is neither surfeit nor content.In your rocking-chair,by your window dreaming,shall you long alone.In your rockchair ,by your window,shall you dream such hapiness as you may never feel.ConclusionIn the money-oriented capitalism society ,the consumpolism sprung up.A country girl with the dream will never ba happy .It reveals the dark of capitalism and make us to pay more attantion to individual and spirtual of lower-class people insted of producing more and more product.Every desire needs a limit,or you will never satisifed.Biblography[1].Driser Theodre .Sister Carrie. Beijing. Foreign Trade and Economy. Publishing House .2002,12.[2].Lehan Richard.The City in literature:An Intellectual and Cultural History .University of California Press.1998[3].Parenti,Michael. Inventing Reality :The politics of the Mass Media New Y ork St.Martin's Press.Inc.1986.[4].Rosenberg Rosalind .Divided lives: American women in the Twentieth Century. New Y ork.Hill And Wang. 1992[5].Spindler,Michael.American Literature and Social Change--William Dean Howells to Arthur Miller.Hong Kong.Macmilan press Ltd.1983[6].德莱塞.《嘉莉妹妹》英语大学书虫世界文学名著翻译委员会.伊犁人民出版社, 柯文出版社2001，12[7].[法]鲍里得亚 .《消费社会》 .刘成福译.南京 .南京大学出版社[8].蒋道超 .德莱塞研究[M]. 上海.上海外语教育出版社2003[9].龙文佩.《德莱塞评论集》. 上海.上海译文出版社1993[10].马克斯韦伯《新教伦理与资本主义精神》. 三联书店1987[11].埃里希弗咯因《在幻想链锁的彼岸》长沙湖南人民出版社1986[12].虞建华. 20部美国小说名著评析[M].上海. 上海外语教育出版社1989[13].王刚华. 《嘉莉妹妹的欲望和驱动力》[J] 外国文学研究2002，3。
嘉莉妹妹论文
One Novel, One Era—The analysis of Sister Carrie Abstract:The famous American novelist Theodore Dreiser was regarded by most people as one of the founding fathers of American naturalist novels. His masterpiece Sister Carrie was also regarded as one of the representative works of naturalism, which displayed the great influence environment and social surrounding had on people. Under the encouragement of his family and friends, Dreiser began composing the novel in 1899. The novel was banned from publication for being morally corrupted. It was only in 1901 that it got published in London. In the novel, the author told us a story about an 18-year-old girl Carrie and her relationship with two men after she came to Chicago. This article is going to discuss the theme of Sister Carrie from the naturalist point of view. It will explicit the personal and time background of the author and at the same time point out naturalism in Sister Carrie from aspects such as the origin, development and main features of naturalism.Key words: Theodore Dreiser Sister Carrie Naturalism American dream1. Introduction1.1. The introduction of Sister CarrieThe famous American novelist Theodore Dreiser was regarded by most people as one of the founding fathers of American naturalist novels. His masterpiece Sister Carrie was also regarded as one of the representative works of naturalism, which displayed the great influence environment and social surrounding had on people. Under the encouragement of his family and friends, Dreiser began composing the novel in 1899. The novel was banned from publication for being morally corrupted. It was only in 1901 that it got published in London.1.2. The High prestige of Theodore DreiserTheodore Dreiser was born on August 27, 1871 in Terre Haute, Indiana. Part of a large German-American family, and the ninth of ten children, his childhood was marked by poverty. His father, John Paul, had previously been a cotton mill manager, but a series of unfortunate accidents caused his fortunes to dwindle. In 1864 the cotton mill burned down, and during the reconstruction John Paul was hit in the head with a beam. He never fully recovered and as a result become deeply religious. He further was soon cheated by his business partners. The family was forced to move from one Indiana town to another in order to survive. Theodore Dreiser later resented his father for the family¹ s poverty.At the age of fifteen Dreiser moved to Chicago and held jobs washing dishes, clerking a hardware store, and tracing freight cars. Dreiser fortunately was able to escape when a former teacher offered to send him to Indiana University at Bloomington for a year. He soon became interested in journalism, but returned to Chicago and worked as a bill collector, real estate clerk and laundry-truck driver.Dreiser first entered the newspaper world by dispensing toys for the needy at Christmas for the Chicago Herald. He subsequently got hired as a cub reporter withthe Chicago Globe and later went to St. Louis as a feature writer for the Globe-Democrat. Things took a turn for the worse when Dreiser accidentally reviewed a theater performance in absentia even though it turned out the show was never performed. He left St. Louis and moved to Pittsburgh, working with the Dispatch. With a secure job again, Dreiser married Sara; White after meeting her at the Chicago World¹ s Fair. The couple moved to New York where he received a job as a magazine editor. At the suggestion of his editor friend Arthur Henry, Dreiser began writing his first novel, the result of which was Sister Carrie.Dreiser continued his career by publishing The Financier (1912) and The Titan (1914), both of which began his trilogy about the rise of a tycoon. Fame arrived with his An American Tragedy (1925), a story based on newspaper accounts of a sensational murder case. This novel was turned into a Broadway drama and later sold to Hollywood.With his new success, Dreiser took a trip to Russia but came away unimpressed. He chronicled his observations in Dreiser Looks at Russia (1928). Dreiser became a communist in later years, causing his to focus his attention of writing political treatises such as America is Worth Saving (1941). Unable to write well towards the end of his life, he moved to Hollywood in 1939 and supported himself by the sale of film rights of his earlier works. He died there in 1945 at the age of seventy-four.2. The plot of Sister CarrieThe novel tells a story about how a rural girl Carrie came to Chicago to find her happiness. In order to escape poverty, Carrie decided to leave her hometown to go to another place to find her worth. On the way to Chicago, she came across a salesman. When she was fired by a factory, she didn’t know where she could go .At the moment she met Drouet who helped her very friendly. In desperation, she has done the mistress of Drouet, and later as a result of a greater desire to the material society, she has also done the mistress of Hurstwood. At last, she thought that she loved Hursthood so much, so she decided to elope with him to go to New York to live a new life. But when they went there, she knew that they hadn’t enough money, .So she tried to find jobs to make a living. Fortunately, she found a good job and became a famous actor. So she realized her dream and came to the upper society. However, what does the so-called "upper-class social life” gives her? She can not find the true meaning of life and feel very empty. In the loneliness and desolation, she dreams of the unexpected dream.3 Analyses of the Characters of Sister Carrie3.1 The Character of Carrie3.1.1. Naivete and SimplicityShe is easy to move by sweet words.She encountered Drouet on the train to Chicago and after getting off the train, Drouet asked for taking the package for Carrie, she said, "very kind of you." And she felt that it is really lucky to get the complaisant care in strange land. So in her mind she thought that she was a good person. In fact, she didn't know that Drouet was a person who only relies on the strong desire and adoration for women and made women happy. Carrie was out of work after an illness and couldn't find a job in a short time, she met Drouet again and he invited Carrie todinner and then forced upon her twenty dollars to let her buy clothes and shoes. Then Carrie's mood is complex and contradictory, and she felt ashamed and refused him, but finally she accepted her money. She thought that he was a kind and generous person, but in fact she didn't know he was only a man who took the pursuit of women for fun. When Carrie had no choice and had to go home, Drouet gave a hand to Carrie, so Carrie was moved and became his mistress at last. Later, because of her simplicity, Carrie was deceived even worse by the second man, Hurstwood. She was also attracted by the appearance and conversation of him and he was infatuated with her pretty, so they frequently made appointment, but she was completely unaware of Hurstwood was a married man. When Drouet told her that Hurstwood had a family, she knew that she was deceived and she felt much regretted. When Carrie was informed that the Hurstwood has been married and decided not to contacts with him, but one day, Hurstwood suddenly came to her residence and told Carrie that Drouet was sick in the hospital, she followed him with no doubt,then she was cheated to strange city- New York by Hurstwood. Because of her naive and simplicity, Carrie makes herself to become the prey of the men twice.3.1.2. Romantic and RealisticHer romantic reflected in her fantasy of living and emotional.When she went to Chicago, she had no rest for a long time. In the contrary, she chose to work. She believed she would have a good job in the future.The romance is also reflected in her emotional fantasies, her first fantasy was Drouet. She dreamed that he could marry with her, but her dream was not achieved. And then she encountered Hurstwood, but he only took her as a tool to avoid heroutrageous and unruly wife. From that she didn't love in life, so she gradually became reality Later, she decided to leave her alone to go into the world, and finally in the community she ffound her role.Her romance is because she didn't know that social competition is brutal; her reality is because life make her do not believe man. She thought that believing herself was the most true in the world.3.2 The Character of HurstwoodIntroduced as the manager of Fitzgerald and Moy’s, he is a dashing man who has achieved success. His friend, Drouet, introduces Carrier to him. Hustwood fall madly in love with her and starts to think of getting her to run away with him. He fell in love with Carrie and slowly sacrifices his family, home and job for her. He eventually steals ten thousand dollars from his employers and ran away with Carrie, ending up in New York with her. When his business in New York falls, he becomes an idler. Carrie eventually leaves him and he turns into a homeless man who commits suicide at the end.3.3 The reasons of Carrie’ characterThe impact of social and natural factors on Carrie is the main reasons dominating her, and these factors are found in Carrie's tragic fate. She is permitted to live in her sister's house only on the condition of paying $4 per week for her room-and-board and when she cannot afford that, her sister and brother-in-law refuses to take her in. In addition, the outside environment has great influence on her is great. She cannot fulfill her desire of living happily with such little money by honest hard work. Andshe knows clearly that hard work would not make her become a rich person. Carrie longs to live in cities like Chicago and New York. Luxurious life in those cities lures her. In face of the poverty and the richness, she chooses the latter. Her endless lust for comfortable and abundant life drives her to be two men's mistress. Against material comforts, the morality carries little weight.The reason which leads to Carrie's tragedy is her identity as a woman .Although the economy develops rapidly; Victorianism still controls people's ideology. This society is men's society, not women's. Women have no social status. Women like Carrie who are considered to be depraved have to extricate themselves by ending up their lives.4. Naturalism in Sister CarrieIt is generally agreed that realist and naturalist literature originated in Europe in the middle of the 19th century. With the industrial development, naturalism made many new achievements in many fields. In the literary field, people began to advocate an objective observation and real description of social life. Realists and naturalists supported the redisplaying of the outside world and put great emphasis on reflecting the world in an honest way. They are very much against romanticism, which embodied lots of personal and subjective opinions.5. American dreams in Sister CarrieThe American dream is the typical cultural phenomenon as well as the dominant melody of the American literature, representing a kind of American spirit. Throughout American history, it can be found that the American dream has been deeply rooted in the inner hearts of the American people, appearing as an important theme in American literatures well as the central ideology in ordinary Americans' minds.Carrie is on behalf of the women who fight for wealth and have different ways when contrasted with man. Pretty and charming as she is, she has the same results as those who are chasing the American dream and all the fate are tragic.The American dream which makes people try to attain the highest level in one step encourages Carrie to leave the small village for Chicago by herself .how courage it should be taken for a country girl to decide to make a living in such city .so it is visible that how deep and profound the American dream impacts on her. When she lastly achieved her self-imposed life-long objective, however, she finds herself still confused about what are ideals. The reason why she gets herself lost again is when facing money is that all the money, wealth, etc, don’t belong to this poor, innoc ent and affectionate girl. The imaginary and deceitful dream seduced her and led her to a wrong way.While on the other hand, the pitiful death of Hurstwood not only reveals the oppression and persecution the cruel capitalistic society made on the ordinary people, but also tears the mask which symbolizes the so-called American mechanical civilization, and the ruthless facts in monopolistic capitalistic society are thoroughly exposed.In fact, the similar stories like Carrie and Huurstwood are repeated everyday in the American society: longing for dreams, making dreams, and overturning dreams and it is pity for them that they cannot but to be controlled by the outer force, and go withthe flow. Their tragedies reveal profoundly the harsh realities in American that survival the fittest and eliminate the unfit, and the deceitfulness of the American dream.6 ConclusionSister Carrie is the first novel of Theodore Dreiser which is full of thoughts and artistic connotations. In Sister Carrie, natural and social causes are two crucial factors to Carrie tragic fate. The natural factor refers to her disposition and desire. The social factor refers to the external environment, especially capitalist social system. Through the analysis of Carrie, this thesis uses these factors as clues to illustrate female destiny in capitalist society. In such a society, the female is unable to bear the outside temptation, they have many desires to the material and the status, but the feminine status is extremely low. Finally, they become the victims of nature and society.In the capitalistic society, even men are exploited heavily as slaves of capitalistic wages, let alone women .They can only appear as “slaves of slaves” and have to suffer from double exploitation of patriarchy and capitalism. Patriarchal social relations in the capitalism are not confined to the family, but also exist in the capitalist workplace and other institutions outside the family. The female is the slave of a patriarchal society. Women cannot gain equal rights based on an unequal society. So it is impossible for women to obtain the final happiness and self-realization.。
英语毕业论文《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析
(英语毕业论文)《嘉莉妹妹》中的新女性形象分析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：2最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作1 商务合同中的语篇衔接分析2 An Analysis of the Problems on Chinese Early Childhood Education3 论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因4 On the Female Image in The Oval Portrait5 从消费心理学角度谈汽车品牌名称的翻译6 论《呼啸山庄》中的象征主义运用7 伊恩.麦克尤恩作品《赎罪》中的成长主题探析8 Three Discriminations to Little Black American Girls in The Bluest Eye9 从麦琪的礼物中折射出欧亨利对已故妻子的爱10 论《德伯维尔家的苔丝》中的环境描写－－－－从视觉和听学的角度11 论中美家庭教育的差异12 外语学习中学习动机的影响13 创世神话与民族特性—《旧约》与中国古代民间传说14 英语演讲语篇中的parallelism及其汉译策略—以奥巴马就职演说稿为例15 论《教授的房子》中圣彼得教授对自我的追求16 The Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Tess in Tess of The D'Urbervilles17 英语教学中非言语交流与跨文化交际中能力的培养18 分析《嘉莉妹妹》中赫斯渥的人物形象19 从《阿甘正传》看美国青年文化20 A Paralysed Wilderness—The Appreciation and Analysis of Symbols in Araby21 男女二元等级对立的颠覆－－《奥兰多》之女性主义解读22 文化差异对英语阅读的影响23 高中英语任务型语法教学初探24 Existentialism in Pride and Prejudice25 从"龙"一词的文化内涵看汉英文化的差异26 归化和异化策略在《红楼梦》文化负载词翻译中的应用27 试析海明威《丧钟为谁而鸣》中的人物形象28 女性社会价值的深情呼唤—小说《到灯塔去》中拉姆齐夫人和莉丽人物形象的对比研究29 音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法30 论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公对真爱的追求31 欧亨利与马克吐温的讽刺对比——以短篇小说为例32 浅谈涉外谈判礼仪的重要性33 试论班扬《天路历程》中基督徒的精神历程34 广告语的特点及其翻译技巧35 A Probe into Charles Dickens’ Family Values Reflected in A Christmas Carol36 《理智与情感》中的婚姻37 从原型批评理论来看<<哈利波特>>系列小说中的人物原型38 《看不见的人》的主人公形象解析39 A Study on Problems and Strategies in Phonetic Teaching of Spoken English in JEFC40 李白《静夜思》六种英译本的对比研究41 浅析英汉颜色词的文化内涵及翻译42 The differences on advertising translations under the Chinese and Western cultures43 浅析美国传奇总统的共性44 英汉习语翻译中文化意象的转换45 论《儿子与情人》中“花”的象征意义46 论《红字》中海斯特的抗争与命运47 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫《海浪》的叙事技巧分析48 美国基督新教与中国儒家的伦理道德的比较49 从精神分析学角度探究《呼啸山庄》中的希斯克里夫50 简爱的独立性格剖析51 女性主义视角下的《了不起的盖茨比》52 凯特.肖邦小说《觉醒》中的超验主义思想分析53 《抽彩》和《蝇王》的艺术魅力比较54 撒旦和孙悟空的形象和文化内涵对比55 经典英语电影台词的语言特征和文化态度56 大学英语四级考试的效度57 论《杀死一只知更鸟》中的象征58 解读布莱克的《伦敦》与华兹华斯的《在西敏寺桥上》的诗歌异同59 合作学习在初中英语写作教学中应用的可行性研究60 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中佩科拉的悲剧根源61 从《绝望主妇》析字幕翻译的目的和归化策略62 从关联理论的角度看科技英语翻译63 中美大学课堂文化比较研究64 《西风颂》两个汉译版本的文体分析65 比较研究王维与华兹华斯的自然观66 习语的文化现象及翻译策略研究67 浅议英语诗歌中的书写变异68 On the Cultural Signification and Translation of Animal Idioms69 On The Narrative Perspective Type of J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace70 The Characters and Personality of American Slang71 视频辅助和背景知识对听力理解的作用72 浅析《喜福会》中母亲们悲惨遭遇的成因73 《简.爱》的简和《德伯家的苔丝》的苔丝的比较研究74 Cultures and Intercultural Communications75 中英广告宣传方式的比较研究76 论象征主义在《喜福会》中的体现77 英汉颜色词的文化内涵78 从阿里巴巴BB电子商务平台论中小企业的发展趋势79 《了不起的盖茨比》叙述者尼克分析80 中式英语与标准英语的差别81 On the Progressive Awakening of Feminine Consciousness in The Hours82 动物习语中文化意象的比较与翻译83 浅析“红”和“黑”在中英文中的文化及语义对比84 Cultural Differences in Business Negotiations: East and West85 功能对等理论在新闻英语翻译中的应用86 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同87 艾米莉.狄金森的死亡观研究88 对《傲慢与偏见》中伊丽莎白性格的分析89 中式菜名的英译90 从安利（中国）的成功看直销模式在我国的发展91 中西礼貌用语的语用对比研究92 Verification of Soft Term in Letter of Credit93 语言变体的翻译——《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的两汉译本的比较94 《第十二夜》中女性人物特征分析95 从主述位理论看奥巴马就职演讲的连贯性96 Terror of the Soul-Analysis of Features in Poe’s Gothic Fictions97 交际法在大学英语教学中的现状探究98 分析《基督山伯爵》爱德蒙的二重性格99 An Analysis of the Symbolic Meanings of the Letter “A” in T he Scarlet Letter100 A Comparative Study of the Character of Tess and Jane Eyre101 欧亨利《最后一片叶子》解读102 On Freudian Interpretation of Dreams In Sense and Sensibility103 《简爱》中的女性主义意识初探104 Who Stole Our Panda——An Analysis of Cross-Cultural Transmission Through an American Movie Kung Fu Panda105 英汉习语渊源对比及其常用分析方法106 中西跨文化交际中非语言行为的比较研究107 旅游翻译中的文化差异和处理策略108 安妮赖斯小说《夜访吸血鬼》的新哥特世界109 影响英语专业学生阅读理解因素的分析及对策探讨110 从叙事结构分析电影《撞车》中对种族歧视问题的诠释111 The Conflict between Desire and Surroundings：an Analysis of Clyde in An American Tragedy112 歧义的语用研究113 论伍尔夫《到灯塔去》女权主义主题思想及对中国女性文学之影响114 在英语教学中发展学生的自主学习能力115 英语中源于希腊罗马神话主要神祇姓名词汇的认知探索116 从用词的角度分析商务英语信函的翻译117 目的论指导下的英语字幕翻译策略118 《哈姆雷特》中不言而喻的隐喻魅力(开题报告+论文+文献综述)119 英语动结式V+PP的语义整合研究120 目的论视角下的广告翻译121 浅析新闻发布会口译语言的语体学特点122 论《西风颂》背后的精神力量123 《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》中麦琪悲剧原因分析124 从成长教育理论视角解读奥利弗.退斯特的生活经历125 浅论《汤姆琼斯》的现实主义特征126 从玛丽沃斯通克拉夫特的女性主义观点看《傲慢与偏见》的女性形象塑造127 语法翻译法视角下的中学生英语家教辅导128 从文化的角度审视中西习语的来源129 从《成长的烦恼》和《家有儿女》的对比看中西方家庭价值观的差异130 《隐形人》中主人公的性格分析131 论中西方思维方式的差异132 澳大利亚文学中的丛林文化—以亨利.劳森《赶牲畜人的妻子》为例133 解读艾丽斯.沃克《紫色》中的家庭134 女性主义视角下《傲慢与偏见》的情态意义解读135 “Lady First” Reflected in Different Cultures136 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》137 浅析英语语言中的性别歧视现象138 中英姓名文化内涵的探究139 论华裔女星在好莱坞电影中的角色转变140 从《野性的呼唤》浅析杰克伦敦的哲学思想及其哲学倾向141 The Religious Thoughts in The Pilg rim’s Progress142 谈英汉文学作品中数字的模糊性及其翻译143 浅析英语拟声词的功能144 由《红楼梦》中人名的英译看中西文化差异145 浅析《喜福会》中的母女关系146 The Lexical Features of Black English in RAP Music and its Influence147 试析邓恩《别离辞.节哀》中圆规与圆的意象148 小说《黑猫》中双重人格149 《远大前程》中皮普的心路历程150 英语语音学习中的母语负迁移现象研究151 浅析合作学习在英语专业口语教学中的应用152 魔法世界的双重间谍——《哈利波特》西佛勒斯.斯内普的矛盾形象分析153 浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的创伤和治愈154 图式理论在高中英语阅读中的运用155 春节与圣诞节的对比研究156 日用品广告语言中中西方价值观差异比较研究157 融入与挑战－－从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》158 文化视角下的英汉委婉语翻译探讨159 论《爱玛》中简.奥斯丁的女性主义观160 中餐菜谱翻译的错误分析161 On English-Chinese Translation of Automobile Brand Names162 英语广告的语言特点163 从违反合作原则看电影语言的会话含义——以《最后的武士》为例164 女权主义翻译理论关照下的《呼啸山庄》多个译本比较研究165 从功能翻译理论看电影《功夫熊猫》的字幕翻译166167 《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》中的幽默168 The Transcultural Differences in the Translation of Commercial Advertisements 169 傲慢与偏见中的婚姻观170 Psychological Analysis of Stuttering in The King’s Speech171 以马斯洛需求层次理论分析《傲慢与偏见》中的爱情婚姻观172 Sister Carrie—A Woman Lost in the Material World173 以赫索格为代表的索尔贝娄作品中知识分子的困境与出路174 从数字看中西方文化差异175 玛莎.诺曼戏剧中的母女关系研究176 浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因177 广告的翻译178 从鹿鼎记和唐吉诃德的主要人物的较对比来比中西方侠文化179 论《一个温和的建议》中的黑色幽默180 初中英语词汇教学法研究综述181 生态哲人约翰.斯坦贝克182 使用影视片对中学生进行英语听说教学183 对小说《野草在歌唱》的功能文体分析184 英美日常交际礼仪对比分析185 A Comparative Study of Coincidental Plots in Jane Eyre and Tess of the d’Urbervilles186 英语广告语中的隐喻认知187 On Wisdom of Tao in Tao De Jing and the Subjectivity of Translator－－Based upon Translations of Wu（无）and You（有）188 通过《喧哗与骚动》中三兄弟各自对于凯蒂的叙述分析三人各自性格特征189 Gothic Romance: Inheritance and Development of Medieval Romance－－A Case Study of The Castle of Otranto190 解析《红字》中的红与黑191 从《嘉莉妹妹》看德莱塞的女性观192 关于高中生英语阅读策略运用情况的调查193 论戏剧《威尼斯商人》中夏洛克的悲剧形象194 On Characteristic Features of the Main Characters in The Moon and Sixpence195 从认知语言学的视角下浅析隐喻和换喻的异同196 浅谈中学英语教学中交际任务型教学活动的设计197 合作教学理论在初中英语阅读中的运用198 Conversational Humor in American Sitcoms——A Case Study of The Big Bang Theory199 论《红字》中海丝特的女性身份重构200。
嘉莉妹妹论文
On the Technique of Symbolism in Sister CarrieAbstract: Sister Carrie is one of Dreiser's famous works. In it Dreiser uses a great deal of symbolism to describe the person and express the theme. To analyse the rocking chair, money, clothes, newspaper, theatre and window can help us understand this novel better, and can let us know the autho'sr technique ofwriting this novel. Key words: Sister Carrie, symbolism, technique.摘要：《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱赛的优秀作品之一。
在小说中德莱赛大量应用了象征修辞手法来刻画人物和表达主题。
通过对摇椅、金钱、服饰、报纸、剧院和窗户象征的分析，可以帮助我们更好地理解作者的写作技巧。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》；象征；艺术Introduction: This novel tells a country girl, Sister Carrie, comes to Chicago to look for a better life. She first stays with her sister whose working-class home is, however, too poor to keep her. Then she lives on a traveling salesman,Druet. And then a respectable manager, Hurstwood. But neither the two men give her happiness. At last, Sister Carrie becomes a successful woman on her own.In this novel, the author uses a great deal of symbolism, which is one of the distinguished features of this novel. So this thesis aims at analysing the symbolism and to see how it reflects the society at that time and how it describes the person and express the theme.So what is symbolism? It is a kind of writing style by using one specificthing to indicate another thing or some ideas. By using the symbolism, Dresier wants to express the theme, that is no one can get happiness in this money-centered society, and to tell the nature of the capitalism.I The first symbolism— Rocking chairRocking chair is one of the main symbolisms in this novel. The author mentioned the rocking chair 23times and the rocking chair appears in the heroin'es every lodging, even in her sister's house, Sister Carrie always sits in therocking chair, and always under some special circumstance, the rocking chair isnot just a furniture.Carrie, Druet and Hurstwood always sits in the rocking chair, but Carrie is the one who sits in it the most frequently, and every time when she sits in it is something has happenedand always reflects her mood. The rocking chair mentionedthe first time is when Carrie reaches her siste'rs home. She sits in the rocking chair and writes to Druet to tell him not to come to her, for the place she livesis quite shabby. This is the first time she feels disappointed to the large city, but she still hopes a better life in this big city.When she finds her first job in Chicago and gets her first wage, she sits in the rocking chair and dreaming her future. Here the rocking chair symbolize that there are some changes in her life. And when she lives with Druet, she always sits in the rocking chair to dream that some good things happen to her when she feels lonely. On the contrary, to Hurstwood, the rocking chair symbolizes the passive attitude towards life, escaping from the reality and his disappointment. He can 't find himself a job in New York, he wants to escape from the reality, so he sits in the rocking chair reading the newspaper while rocking. When he finds Carrie hasleft him, he sits down without rocking. The stop of rocking symbolizes that some kind of his life has stopped. The one who he loves most has also left him. The rocking chair is the same one, but different people sits in it has different symbolism. It symbolizes hope and desire when Carrie sits in it, but symbolizes disappointment and hopelessnesswhen Hurstwood sits in it. Dresier makes therocking chair a contrast symbolic meaning.II the second symbolis—MoneyMoney plays an important role in this novel, and to everyone money has its own meaning, To Druet, it is easy to make money, but money also spent quickly. To Carrie, a country girl who is full of hope, money means a kind of tool which can get anything she wants. But to Hurstwood, money is not a question when he is the manager of the hotel,money is just a tool to get Carrie, but when he loses his money and status, he has to beg for living.It is no doubt that Dresier uses money to symbolize one 's social status, which can easily be seen from Carrie's experience of money. When she Drue'stwallet at the first sight, she believes that Druet is a man who has seen much of life. When she accepts Druet's money, it means she has accepted Druet who can provide her a comfortable life. And at the end of novel, Carrrie has become a famous person and can earn 150 dollars per week. Contrast to the 4.5 dollars she earned when she first works in the shoes factory, her social status has improved along with the increase of money. So in most people's eyes, Carrie has succeeded.Money not only symbolizes one's social status, but also decides on'es status in a family. When Hurstwood begins his new life with Carrie in New York, he is the person who provides the family,. And Carrie only needs to do the housework. But when Hurstwood loses his company and can't find a job, his money becomes less and less, his status in the family is decreasing, too. He begins to do some housework as time goes on. When Carrie goes to work and supports the family, Hurstwood has lost his dignity as time goes on.Money also symbolizes the cold relationship between people. Carrie's sister decides to let Carrie live not because she is her sister, but because Carrie has to pay 4dollars to her each week. And when Carrie succeeds, she also doesn't think of her sister. And this cold relationship also exists in Hurstwood's family. When Hurstwood's wife finds her husband's relationship with Carrie, she tries every means to get the property. When Hurstwood suicides himself, his wife and daughter are having their vocation in Europe.皿the third symbolism— ClothesClothes are quite important to all the people. They symbolize one's social status, wealth and behavior. Carrie has a deep impression on Druet when she meets him for the first time. And she believes he has seen much more successful than Druet just by the shoes Hurstwood wears. And Carrie knows Hurstwood's failure by noticing he doesn't buy himself some new clothes. At the end of the story, Carrie has enough money to buy herself the most fashionable clothes when she becomes a famous person, she also becomes one of the upper class people.Hurstwood has become a beggar at last, and his clothes is quite worn-out,his clothes symbolize he has fallen down to the lowest level of the society. It seems that we can know one's social status just by one's clothes.IV the fourth symbolism— NewspaperNewspaper symbolizes the news which is out-of -datye, the things which has already happened. The people who read the newspaper also belongs to the past, they don't want to make efforts any moreO. f course this is different fromCarrie'sreading newspaper just to find whether there is news about her. Here reading newspaper is a kind of symbolism of social power. To Hurstwood, reading newspaper symbolizes the social status's losing. When Hurstwood first reads newspaper in chapter20, it indicates that he can't do anything to chang the current life. He reads newspaper everyday after losing his job, it just indicates his inability, he can 'tadjust himself to the new life.V the fifth symbolism—TheaterTheater appears in the novel frequently. Theater is a place for entertainment at that time. To Carrie, theater symbolizes her desire of acting, and theater is also the place her career begins. Satirically, the moving part of the play playsin the theater is fictitious. Carrie acts quite successfully when she first steps on the stage, she is moved by the love story of the play. But in real life, her love ends with deceive. Neither Druet nor Hurstwood gives her happiness. She achieves successon her own. But drama is drama, it can'treplace the real life, so Carrie still feels lonely.弋 the sixth symbolism—WindowThe readers may notice that Druet and Carrie always sit beside the window when they go to a restaurant. This is because they want to be seen by others and wantto see others. Because going to the restaurant means wealth or high status. Meanwhile, window separates the imaginable world from the real world. When Carrie arrives at Chicago, she always stare at the goods in the shopwindow and willing to get them, but she can't afford them for she is just a country girl at that time. Here the window express the mentality of wants something but not having possessed it yet, the condition that standing here but not belongs here. When Hurstwood gets into the hotel and closes the window, and is happy not to worrying about the outside world, it implies that he is escaping from the real world.Conclusion: By using symbolism, Dreiser describes the person better, and the theme is more impressive. The readers can understand this novel better through symbolism. And the readers may get different ideas according to his own experience in combination of symbolism.Bibliography[ 1 ] 李芳.《嘉莉妹妹》中的社会象征[ J ]. 大舞台, 2005, (6) .[ 2 ] 李其珊《. 嘉莉妹妹》中的对比和象征艺术[ J ]. 玉林师范学院学报, 2004, (2) . [ 3 ] 周春林. 谈谈象征及其美学功能[ J ]. 修辞学习, 2000, (3) : 27. [4 ][美]德莱塞.嘉莉妹妹[M ].北京:人民文学出版社,2003.。
嘉莉妹妹 论文
标题针对【嘉利妹妹】人物反面形象分析的驳论文副标题通过其他论文对嘉利反面形象观点的驳斥，分析嘉利妹妹身上积极值得让我们肯定的性格，进而分析嘉利妹妹不快乐的原因，得出什么才是幸福怎样才能快乐的结论。
作者胡顺成摘要在嘉莉妹妹从一名村姑成为有钱有名在外人看上去幸福的成长历程中，针对其他人分析嘉莉妹妹行为所得出来的她爱慕虚荣、以貌取人、不理智消费、贪图享受、强烈的物欲等观点进行的反驳所得出的观点上，找到嘉利身上的闪光点，提出嘉利身上值得我们学习的东西，进而肯定嘉利。
由于在当时的社会环境下，嘉利作为一个社会的弱女子，虽然身处社会的底层但仍然一直持有对美好生活的向往。
在追求美好生活的同时她失去了很多东西，以至于到最后什么想要的物质生活都得到了她还不开心。
我们得出的结论是：导致嘉利不开心的原因是她把她所追求的精神生活物质化了。
在文章的最后我们分析在当时人们不快乐的原因都是自私自立，缺乏家庭责任感、社会责任感造成的，以至于当时社会阶级鲜明残酷，家庭亲情关系不和谐。
从对以上的论述分析我们得到了一些积极的启示：我们要有追求美好生活的梦想，我们更要有不屈不挠的精神，追求美好生活的就是既满足自己的精神需求又对他人进行人性的关爱的简单生活；在家庭表现为有家庭责任感，在社会上就是有社会责任感做好本职工作，并有积极向上的人生目标。
人们对这篇小说的概述：俊俏的农村姑娘嘉丽，羡慕大都市的物质生活来到了芝加哥谋生。
严酷的现实破碎了她的美梦，迎接她的是失业和疾病。
在走投无路时，她做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇，后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯渥的情妇。
与赫斯渥私奔后，在纽约由于偶然的机会她成了走红一时的演员，挤上了上流社会，实现了她的幻想。
作家娴熟地运用自然主义的创作手法，使作品具有极强的社会表现力，细腻地展示了嘉莉的生存景观及心路历程。
以下观点是大多数人们对嘉利人物性格的反面评价，下面的观点也是一篇论文的主要中心思想。
从小说得他们概括出的嘉利性格有：1.强烈的物欲在小说的开始，德莱塞就指出了嘉莉的性格特点：“她已经懂得顾影自怜，很快就领会人生中还有进一步的乐趣，渴望着获得物质享受。
美国文学选读期末论文嘉莉妹妹
Analysis of Carrie as a Materialist According to the Naturalism inSister Carrie.Abstract：In the masterpiece Sister Carrie, Theodore Dreiser tells a story of Carrie’s rise from a poor country girl to Broadway star. In the novel, Dreiser uses lots of words to describe the psychology of Carrie from the satisfaction of basic life to the realization of self-development. This thesis aims to analysis the influence of naturalism on the main character Carrie in the road of desire. In the way of her development, th ere are two kinds of people: one is Carrie’s sister and the other is Drouet and Hurstwood, give Carrie the chance to fashion her ideal ego and be a successful actress. The former one stands for the poverty. In there, Carrie is driven by basic needs for survival and physiological necessities. The later one lets Carrie know she should realize her value but not to depend on man. The author finally indicates that in the survival of the fittest world people who industriously adapt to the society can live longer and better.Key Words: naturalism; Theodore Dreiser; Carrie; desire通过自然主义分析《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉这一物质主义形象摘要：西奥多德莱赛在他的杰作《嘉莉妹妹》中讲述了一位农村女孩到城市谋生最后成为百老汇名演员的故事。
《嘉莉妹妹》论文参考文献
《嘉莉妹妹》论文参考文献嘉莉妹妹参考文献一[1]曹冬金。
嘉莉爱情观在消费文化语境下的变迁--《嘉莉妹妹》新解[J].闽南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版），2016,04:51-55.[2]董淑新，陈志海，陈正培。
从女性主义视角看文学翻译中的劫持现象--通过对比《嘉莉妹妹》的两个中文译本[J].佳木斯职业学院学报，2017,03:355+357.[3]蒲虹宇。
金钱至上与世俗化的爱情--《嘉莉妹妹》中女主人的爱情观[J].北方文学（下旬），2017,03:45-46.[4]江永梅。
论《嘉莉妹妹》中人物的道德挣扎[J].北方文学（下旬），2017,05:41-42.[5]吕显文。
从《嘉莉妹妹》三个中文译本看文学翻译中的归化与异化[D].宁夏大学，2016.[6]杨永娟。
英语语篇重指结构NP_1+of+NP_2的功能研究[D].广西师范大学，2016.[7]胡婧华。
从译者主体性看《嘉莉妹妹》两个汉译本中的创造性叛逆[D].广东外语外贸大学，2016.[8]贺晓梅。
物化的女性形象分析--嘉莉妹妹[J].语文建设，2015,32:40-41.[9]孔文迅，祁晓冰。
美国梦下的社会转型--西奥多·德莱赛的小说《嘉莉妹妹》[J].新疆职业大学学报，2015,05:46-48+67.[10]王新春，赵少博。
从神话原型批评理论看《嘉莉妹妹》中的人物原型[J].黑龙江教育学院学报，2015,12:109-110.[11]周玲。
“嘉莉”的命运与美国梦的破灭[J].社科纵横，2016,01:131-133.[12]白曼曼。
《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的弗洛伊德人格理论分析[J].湖北经济学院学报（人文社会科学版），2016,02:106-107.[13]张科。
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嘉莉妹妹》中主人公的悲剧命运-论文开题报告
外国语学院2014届本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告及任务书中文题目：《嘉莉妹妹》中主人公的悲剧命运英文题目：Protagonist’s Tragic Fate in Sister Carrie学生姓名：田美伦学号：1103111420班级：11级本四班指导教师：职称：2014年8月晋中学院本科毕业论文（设计）开题报告及任务书《嘉莉妹妹》中主人公的悲剧命运1 引言2 文献综述3 主人公的悲剧命运的体现3.1 小说介绍3.2 文本分析方法删掉3.3.1 亲情的冷漠3.3.2 交友的不慎3.3.3 成功后的孤寂变成二级标题4 主人公悲剧命运产生的原因4.1 个人原因4.2 外部原因英文翻译修改4.2.1 家庭环境4.2.2 社会环境4.2.3 政治环境5 结语Protagonist’s Tragic Fate of Sister Carrie Ⅰ IntroductionⅡ Literature ReviewⅢ Protagonist’s Tragic Fate3.1 Introduction of the Novel3.2 Methods of Textual Analysis3.3Reflection of Protagonist’s Tragic Fate3.3.1 The indifference of family love3.3.2 The carelessness of making friends3.3.3 The loneliness after being successfulⅣThe Reason of the Appearance of Protagonist’s Tragic Fate4.1 Analyze from Their Own Perspective4.2 Analyze from External Perspective4.2.1 Family environment4.2.2 Social environment4.2.3 Political environmentⅤ ConclusionBibliographyCaloutt, C. 1956. American Literary Naturalism. New York: University of Minnesota Press.Chang, Y. 1998. History of American Literature (In Chinese). Nankai University Press.（常耀信，《美国文学史》，南开大学出版社。
《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物性格分析
若云軒外语系本科毕业论文论文英文题目: An analysis on Carrie’s Character inSister Carrie论文中文题目: 《嘉莉妹妹》中嘉莉的人物性格分析本科毕业论文（设计）目录OutlineThesis statement: Though a detailed analysis, this paper defines the character of Sister Carrie and highlights her naivete, diligence, romantic and independence.I. Introduction1. The introduction to American Naturalism2. The introduction to Theodore Dreiser3. The introduction to Sister CarrieII. Analysis of Carrie’s Character1. Analysis of her naivete and simplicity2. Analysis of her diligence and gumption3. Analysis of her romantic and realistic4. Analysis of her independenceIII. The Reflection on Sister CarrieIV. ConclusionWorks CitedAn Analysis on Carrie’s Character in Sister CarrieAbstractSister Carrie is a novel written by Theodore Dreiser about Carrie who is the protagonist in this work. She is a gentle, kind, beautiful young country girl in capitalist society who comes to a metropolis later where she starts achieving her own American Dream. Carrie wishes to change her destiny and desires for money and luxurious things. She is eager to become a member of the high social classes. No matter how pimping she is, dream is important and essential to her future success because dream or ambition plays a significant role in driving her forward. Later she become a famous, independent, confident, intelligent and elegant actress. Sister Carrie has been called the “greatest of all American urban novels.”This paper aims at analyzing Carrie’s character and making readers understand that a new era of independent women should achieve self value and get succeed by their own efforts. Modern women should firstly be independent financially just like Carrie who relys on herself to become a new woman with confidence and connotation.Keywords: Sister Carrie character independence摘要嘉莉妹妹是德莱塞西奥多的一部小说，她是这部作品中的主人公。
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义论文
《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义探析摘要：西奥多·德莱塞的《嘉莉妹妹》是一部颇具争议的小说，主人公嘉莉更被看作是虚荣、欲望的代表，其成功是建立在美丽的外貌及对男人的利用之上。
本文从女性主义角度分析了虚荣与欲望背后所隐藏的意义，即在男权社会寻求女性解放必须取得经济与人格的双重独立。
关键词：《嘉莉妹妹》女性主义男权社会中图分类号：i106.4 文献标识码：a一时代背景19世纪末20世纪初，美国社会处于由传统工业向现代工业的转型期，工业化和机械化程度日益增强，传统的精神信仰受到了经济发展的冲击，新的精神信仰尚未形成，而女性在当时以男性为中心的社会中仍处于附属地位。
这一时期西方正处于第一次女权运动浪潮之中，女性开始为争取自身的解放而奋斗，批判男权主义的女权主义应运而生。
1848年，伊丽莎白·凯蒂·斯坦顿和卢科瑞蒂亚·莫特带领女权主义改革者在塞内卡瀑布举行聚会，要求修正法典里许多对妇女不公平的待遇。
纽约州召开了妇女代表大会，争取选举权运动。
这期间，美国社会出现了成千上万的“新女性”。
一般来讲，“新女性”指两类妇女，一类是劳动阶层的年轻女工，另一类是不安于传统女性命运的中产阶级少女和少妇。
“新女性”大都具有强烈的自我意识和独立的个性，受过一定程度的教育，性观念较为开放，不为传统的家庭观念所束缚。
她们常常通过各种方式为自己争取更大的独立权利，并呼吁与男人一样享有平等的权利。
“新女性”的崛起为当时的美国文学提供了全新的素材，注入了新的活力。
大批“新女性”以“自主、独立、蔑视传统”的姿态出现在美国社会，并以否定传统婚姻和家庭观念的大胆行为来挑战男权社会。
但是仍然有许多男性作家，如杰克·伦敦、亨利·詹姆斯等为捍卫男性权威、维护传统妇道而把“新女性”刻画成性情古怪，行为异常，令读者嫌恶的角色。
当时的女性仍然受着清教主义的影响，主流女性形象是温文尔雅的淑女，是虔诚的清教徒，这也就说明，当时的女性在婚后应该全心全意相夫教子，不能毫无顾忌地放纵自我的情感，整天沉溺于男欢女爱。
赫斯特伍德的悲剧新论——浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中男主人公的中国式批判_论文
赫斯特伍德的悲剧新论——浅析《嘉莉妹妹》中男主人公的中国式批判论文关键词：中国式批判；中庸；忧患意识；生死观论文摘要：对《嘉莉妹妹》中男主人公赫斯特伍德的悲剧性人生的研究很少，且主要运用丛林法则和城市理论等西方理论，把赫斯特伍德失败的主要原因归咎于城市化发展和职业特性的外因。
本文用以中格西的方法，运用孔子和庄子的思想来分析其失败的原因，发现赫斯特伍德心中的内因是导致其悲剧人生的最重要的因素，不容忽视。
文本中赫斯特伍德追悔过去，盲目幻想，做事极端，而且没有忧患意识，不能防患于未然，不能认清其自身的生命价值，连死亡也不知怎样面对，从而导致了自己的悲剧性人生。
一、引言《嘉莉妹妹》是美国最伟大的作家之一西奥多〃德莱赛的一部早期作品。
德莱赛以他的敏锐的洞察力和超时代的思想在他的每部作品中探讨人生的答案，大胆反映当时的社会现实，《嘉莉妹妹》也不例外。
《嘉莉妹妹》反映的是19世纪末20世纪初，美国工业化进程中城市化和消费主义理念使人堕落和淘汰的社会现实，强调了环境力量消费主义对主人公的影响。
德莱赛这位伟大的美国现代作家一生都在寻找结束生活的悲哀和痛苦的解决办法，他毅然不顾社会道德传统的制约，真实地展现了美国社会他比那个时代的任何小说家都更多地和文雅传统作斗争(蒋道超2017：69)。
国外对德莱赛的《嘉莉妹妹》的研究根据时代的发展不断地推陈出新，由消费主义文化，享乐主义思想到最新的城市空间观念和城市话语。
如灵格曼的《城市之门，1871—1970年的美国小说》，哈库塔尼主编的《西奥多〃德莱赛与美国文化新解》(方成2017：180)然而西方批评界对小说中男主人公赫斯特伍德悲剧的研究却很少且仅限于如下几种论点，有的认为其悲剧是由他的职业所形成的性格决定的，有的认为他的悲剧原因是对嘉莉的情欲；有的运用了美国的城市化理论，认为赫斯特伍德一旦丢掉了他在芝加哥的社会角色，他的悲剧便接踵而至。
本文认为，以前关于男主人公悲剧人生的研究只停留在西方独白的状态，没有进行中格西的研究，在当今世界文化多元化的今天，让我们重拾中华经典，让美国当代经典小说在东方古典思想文化的阐释下赋予新意，这对现代中国读者具有启示价值(何辉斌2017：14)。
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迷失在欲望中———《嘉莉妹妹》中的欲望解析摘要: 《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞的杰出代表作之一, 作品深刻地反映了当时的美国现实。
嘉莉对物的欲望, 赫斯特伍德对权力的欲望, 杜洛埃对性的欲望, 三位主公全都迷失在欲望中。
关键词: 德莱赛; 嘉莉; 欲望; 迷失西奥多·德莱塞( Theodore Herman AlberDreiser, 187118127—1945112128) 是20 世纪美国著名的现实主义作家。
他的小说形象生动地刻画了19世纪末, 20世纪初资本主义迅速发展中的美国现实社会。
在美国文学史上他第一次广泛真实地描写了美国多阶层的社会生活, 为美国现实主义文学开辟了新领域。
《嘉莉妹妹》是德莱塞第一部长名作, 揭露了当时的社会现实, 展现了在物欲横流的资本主义社会里, 人们迷失在自己的欲望中,展现了美国生活中没有上帝的一面”。
故事讲述的是嘉罗琳·米蓓(嘉莉妹妹) , 一个俊俏的农村姑娘, 她羡慕大都市的物质生活来到了芝加哥谋生。
严酷的现实破碎了她的美梦, 迎接她的是失业和疾病。
在走投无路时, 她做了推销员杜洛埃的情妇, 后来由于更大的欲望又做了酒店经理赫斯特伍德的情妇。
与赫斯特伍德私奔后, 在纽约由于偶然的机会她成了走红一时的演员, 挤上了上流社会,实现了她的梦想。
并抛弃了逐渐贫困的赫斯特伍德, 以不自觉的残忍将他推上了绝望之路。
然而,所谓的“上流社会生活”又给她带来了什么呢?她感到空虚, 找不到真正生活的意义, 在寂寞和凄凉中, 她坐在摇椅里梦想着那终不可得的幸福。
一、嘉莉的欲望———对物的欲望在小说中, 嘉莉的欲望是作者着重刻画的。
嘉莉本身就是一个充满欲望的人, 充满对物和金钱的欲望, 这一部分源于她的本性, “小时候, 她梦过童话里的宫殿和各种豪华气派的地方”。
嘉莉从哥伦比亚城来到芝加哥那一刻起就开始了对金钱的追求, 嘉莉在火车上看到杜洛埃的时髦打扮便意识到自己穿着寒酸, “突然间觉得自己像是穿了一身破烂儿。
她觉得脚上那双鞋也破旧的不成样子了”。
而杜洛埃对芝加哥大都市里的剧院, 漂亮的房子等描绘更“使她着了迷”, “可她心里又隐隐作痛”, 因为“在那富丽堂皇的都会面前, 她显得太微不足道了”。
而到了芝加哥, 她面对的现实让她发现自己不仅根本就无法享受她梦想的生活, 她更要努力工作为一日三餐, 为了一件外套, 为了不受姐姐的白眼, 这就更让她意识到金钱的力量。
此时的她, 只能为了满足自己最基本的需要而努力工作, 直到再次遇到杜洛埃。
这时的她, 处境十分艰难, 失去了工作, 杜洛埃给了她两张“软软的,漂亮的十元美钞”, 这使得嘉莉抛弃了传统的道德观念, 跟杜洛埃同居了。
为了得到美丽的衣服, 也为了满足她基本的生存需要, 与杜洛埃生活在一起后, 杜洛埃对她很好, 领她去餐馆吃饭, 给她买漂亮的衣服, 但渐渐的她发现杜洛埃只是虚有其表,肤浅, 缺乏情趣。
她渐渐不满足于只是吃饱穿暖了, 她需要一个更有内涵, 有品味, 能够与她有共同语言的人, 此时赫斯特伍德出现了, 他在当时满足了嘉莉的所有要求。
他成熟, 稳重, 富有魅力,嘉莉被他吸引了, 并频频幽会, 这时她忘记了杜洛埃是如何帮助她的, 她背叛了杜洛埃, 为了满足自己对爱的渴求, 背叛了之前帮助过她的人, 相信这也是评论家认为嘉莉道德沦丧的理由之一。
跟赫斯特伍德移居到纽约之后, 纽约比芝加哥更加繁华,邻居万思太太是一个善于打扮的女人, 穿着新潮的裙子, 戴着漂亮的帽子, 嘉莉跟她出去逛街后便知道自己要什么, 她想要最新款的裙子, 带羽毛的帽子, 她要像万斯太太一样能吸引男人的目光, 在她看来这才是她现在最需要的。
赫斯特伍德的生意失败后, 他们没有了收入, 坐吃山空, 嘉莉渐渐对赫斯特伍德开始不满, 迫于无奈嘉莉出去谋得了一份演员的工作, 并意外地成名了。
赫斯特伍德成了嘉莉的累赘, 嘉莉决定不再管他, 独自搬走了。
此时的嘉莉已经拥有了梦想中的一切, 结尾她仍然在摇椅中希翼着什么, 她的欲望仍然没有被满足, 究其原因, 嘉莉一直将金钱与物质等同于幸福。
还在芝加哥时, 她与海尔太太一起出游, 看到了芝加哥北区“一座座房子里淡淡的灯光, 照着室内豪华的陈设”, 这时, 孩童的梦想重新占据了她的心。
“她幻想着, 假如走过那雕刻华丽的门墙, 走过门口明亮的球形灯, 走进灯下那嵌着雕花玻璃的门, 里面便是没有忧愁, 没有失意的世界了。
她相信, 这便是幸福。
”正是由于这种错误的理解, 使得嘉莉每当追求到一定阶段时便感到无名的失望与痛苦, 并再次对现状不满, 然后又将自己的欲望定在更高的层面上。
欲望实际是纯精神上的, 所以物质上的富有并不能满足人的欲望。
二、赫斯特伍德———对权力的欲望人对物的渴望导致了对权力的欲望。
赫斯特伍德迷失在追寻权力的欲望中, 长期不如意的家庭生活, 以及他在家庭中家主地位的丧失, 妻子一心只想进入上流社会, 喜欢出风头, 女儿杰西卡17岁,正在上高中, 喜欢享乐, “她满脑子装的只是谈情说爱和优雅的宅院”, 他的儿子小赫斯特伍德已经20岁, 他也喜欢享乐。
这个家庭整天谈的尽是谁家买了蒸汽艇, 谁家发了财, 谁家又买了大楼, 赫斯特伍德在家里仅仅是家人的收入来源。
家庭生活的失意虽然令他不满, “偶尔也会碰到年轻活泼、幽默风趣的女士”, 但是他要顾忌到自己的社会地位, 考虑自己的利害得失。
然而, 嘉莉的出现打破了这种平衡, 嘉莉与妻子形成了强烈的对比。
嘉莉就像“天边升起了一道新的亮光, 那旧的便成了失去光彩的夕阳”。
尤其吸引他的是嘉莉的顺从:举止上没有任何大胆的表现, 生活还没有教会她统治。
嘉莉的顺从满足了赫斯特伍德对权力的欲望,我们可以把他对嘉莉的感情堪称是对他失去家庭权威的补偿。
他本来是并没有打算跟嘉莉结婚的, 他希望能和嘉莉保持情人的关系。
此时, 妻子发现了他的私情, 要起诉离婚, 嘉莉又知道了他是有妇之夫, 环境又给他提供了一个得到大笔金钱的机会,在诱惑面前, 赫斯特伍德迷失了, 最终他拿了这笔钱, 渴望得到嘉莉的强烈欲望让他迷失了。
之后他的日子急转直下, 渐渐没落, 最后自杀。
三、杜洛埃的欲望———对性的欲望如果说嘉莉充满了对物的欲望, 赫斯特伍德是对权力的欲望, 那么杜洛埃则是对性充满了欲望,把对漂亮女性的征服看成是自己力量的表现。
他见到漂亮单纯的嘉莉后, 就被她吸引而不能自拔。
他被自己那与生俱来的欲望牵引着, 又扮起了追逐女人的老角色。
他需要嘉莉来满足自己的欲望, 就好像他每天需要吃一顿丰盛的早餐一样。
征服嘉莉意味着他的胜利, 显示了他的魅力。
所以, 嘉莉最终住进了他为她租的房子后, 他激动万分, 特地去邀请朋友赫斯特伍德来家里看嘉莉以此炫耀自己的能力。
他感叹道: “征服的果实是多么甜美啊! ”出于同样的道理, 当赫斯特伍德利用嘉莉的空虚慢慢占据了她的心后, 杜洛埃所受到的打击也是难以忍受的, 致使他决定离开嘉莉。
这一切并非是他多么爱嘉莉, 而主要是因为他感觉自己失去了面子, 感觉自己的魅力不如赫斯特伍德。
然而, 作者借叙述者之口为杜洛埃的行为辩护, 指出杜洛埃追女人并非“出于冷酷、邪恶而狡诈的心思, 而是受了自己天生的欲望的驱使, 把追女人当作一种乐趣”。
而在叙述者看来, 杜洛埃追女人的欲望就像他同情穷人那样自然, 因为“他这人有一种与生俱来的欲望”, “即使有个乞丐引起了他的注意, 对他说:‘先生, 我就要饿死了。
’他也会爽快地掏出一点小钱给他。
”以传统的道德观念来看, 嘉莉妹妹中的三位主角的行为绝对是为社会所不容的, 嘉莉为了钱而当别人的情妇, 赫斯特伍德偷酒吧的钱, 杜洛埃四处追求女人。
德莱塞受斯宾塞的影响, 导致小说中环境因素起到很大作用, 嘉莉因为寒冷的天气生病失去了工作, 尤其是赫斯特伍德拿酒吧钱的时候也是因为一阵风吹上了保险柜的门, 即使是杜洛埃追逐女人的行为也以天生的欲望为他开脱。
正是由于这点, 导致了一些批评家对小说进行了抨击, 因为没有加入理想主义的说教和教化作用, “现实的太过了”。
德莱塞真实地展现了当时的社会, 嘉莉、赫斯特伍德、杜洛埃只是当时社会上某一类人的缩影。
事实上这些人都是在追求心灵的满足和幸福,只是他们不知道该追求的是什么, 嘉莉将幸福等同于物质, 赫斯特伍德将其等同于权力, 而杜洛埃将其等同于性, 他们在追求幸福的路上越走越远, 嘉莉追求错了目标, 赫斯特伍德用了错误的方法追求错误的东西, 而杜洛埃脑袋空空, 只是虚度人生。
人人都在追求幸福, 却在追求幸福的路上越走越远, 幸福究竟是什么呢, 德莱塞也没有给出答案,事实上他也是迷失在欲望中的芸芸众生中的一员,他作品中的人物身上都有他的影子。
对德莱塞本人来说,他的思想一生经历了许多变化。
早年深受机械论和达尔文适者生存进化论影响,认为残酷的命运主宰着人们,强者向前,弱者落后。
人是毫无价值,随时会遇到障碍,抑或被它们毁灭,抑或侥幸碰上好运,得以实现自己的目的,这与他苦难的家庭生活和生活经历密切相关。
因此塑造的人物现象颠覆了传统道德倾向,与社会传统道德格格不入。
在30年代资本主义世界发生经济危机的年代里,德莱塞的思想发生进一步的深刻变化。
帝国主义世界大战的战祸,资本主义世界的经济危机,以及煤矿工人的反抗,都震撼着他的心灵,动摇了他的思想,使他认识到人类要摆脱灾祸,社会要取得进步,必须起来斗争。
同时,也使他认识到,文学的价值不在于忠实地表现客观,乃在于文以载道。
因此,毫无顾惜地抛开生物社会学观点。
1930年夏,他公开声明支持美国共产党。
并毅然放下文学创作,深入厂矿进行调查,并积极参加了矿工的罢工斗争。
调查报告《哈尔兰矿工的话》(1932)就是他和同伴们在哈尔兰进行社会调查的实录,是一部关于30年代美国工人阶级状况的文献。
在《悲剧的美国》(1932) 、《向艺术家呼吁》(1933)和《美国是值得拯救的》( 1941)等政论作品里,援引大量事实材料来揭露和批判美国统治阶级在政治、经济、司法、文化、外交等领域犯下的罪行,得出资本主义必然灭亡的结论。
同时,肯定人民的历史作用,号召艺术家代表人民群众立即行动起来,参加到战士的行列中。
他身体力行,积极参加国内外的反法西斯斗争,赢得世界进步人民的尊敬。
德莱塞的思想在中年和晚年发生了巨大的变化。
转向了东方神秘主义并参加宗教仪式和活动,改良的思想比较明显。
后期作品就明显表现了这种改良和神秘主义的思想。
在长达50年的创作生涯里,德莱塞经历了不同的历史时期和不尽相同的资本主义形态,每一个时期他都会有新的体验和反应。
德莱塞本人也曾明确否认自己是自然主义者,他的作品中一般也没有自然主义那种病态与色情的描写。
德莱塞的小说创作对于美国现实主义文学的发展作出了杰出的贡献,表明了现实主义在美国的胜利。