备战2021年高考英语纠错笔记系列专题06定语从句（含解析）

专题06 定语从句

易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用

1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, ＂Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？＂

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. what

【错因分析】容易误选B，以为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。

【参考答案】C

2. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.

A. which

B. when

C. how

D. where

【错因分析】容易误选B，机械地以为时间名词后必需用关系副词when，地址名词后用关系副词where。

【试题解析】在时间名词和地址名词后是不是用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成份。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。该题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。

【参考答案】A

1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词

2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充

当必然的成份。

3.解题要领:按照定语从句中所缺成份来肯定是用关系代词仍是关系副词，决不要因先

行词是时间名词就用when，是地址名词就用where。

1. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employees

enjoy their work.

A. where

B. which

C. when

D. who

【答案】A

【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。第二、看先行词在从句中所作的成份。抓住这两点，再按照句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

易错点2 关系代词who、whom、whose的误用

3. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ________ lives were affected.

A. whose

B. that

C. who

D. whom

【错因分析】此题易误选C。关键的问题是没有弄清句子结构，不知道先行词是哪个，或是不知道关系词在定语从句中作何成份。

【试题解析】考查定语从句。先行词指人且在句中作定语修饰其后的名词＂lives＂，所以用whose。句意为：这本书以那些生活受到地震影响的人们的目光讲述了这次地震的许多故事。【参考答案】A

对于定语从句关系词的考查，首先要肯定从句是什么类型的从句，然后再分析关系词在从句中的成份，最后选择正确的词。要求考生具有必然的句子分析能力，和理解能力。若是缺少主宾表，要用that或which，缺少状语用关系副词when，where，why，缺少定语用whose。

2. A company ______profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.

A. which

B. whose

C. who

D. why

【答案】 B

易错点3 关系代词that和which的误用

4. （2021·新课标卷II·短文改错）In their spare time, they are interesting（改成interested） in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

【错因分析】此题错误的原因在于不清楚that不能引导非限制性定语从句。

【试题解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导，故将that改成which。

【参考答案】 that改成which

只用which，不能用that的情况

（1）在介词提前到关系代词之前形成＂介词＋关系代词＂结构来修饰表事物的先行词时，

关系代词必需用which.如：

☞The house in which we live is very large. 咱们住的屋子超级大。

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意：若是介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that，如：

☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是咱们已经多次讨论过的问题。

（2）先行词为＂those＋表事物的复数名词＂时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。如：

☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.

学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.

书店应该经营新出版的各类畅销书。

（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。

3.（2021·新课标卷I·语法填空）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.

【解析】句意：极可能摄入过量的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有利处。分析可知which is not good

for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。

【答案】 which

易错点4 介词后接关系代词的误用

5. (2021·江苏卷·单项填空) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of

________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which

B. its

C. whose

D. whom