英语的宾语

英语的宾语

宾语表示法

名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动名词、不定式、复合结构、从句可作宾语。

宾语的种类

一、双宾语

英语中，有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语），即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。常用句型为：主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：

Give me a cup of tea, please. 请给我一杯茶。

有时，间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。如：

She passed him the salt. ＝She passed the salt to him. 她把盐递给了他。

Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.

＝Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary for her yesterday.

昨天，她叔叔给她买了一本英汉词典。

下面几种情况，通常要用介词to或for引起的短语：

1.当直接宾语是人称代词（it／them）时。如：

The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him. 这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。

2.当强调间接宾语时。如：

Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母亲每天都为我们做早饭。

3.当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：

On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 在公共汽车上，他经常把座位让给老人。注：由to连接间接宾语的动词有：pass, give, show, tell, lend, take等；由for连接间接宾语的动词有：buy, cook, get, sing, make等。

二、复合宾语

宾补的定义

有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：

1、名词（或代词）+名词。接名词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有call, name, think, make

等

We call them mooncakes. 我们把它们叫作月饼

2、名词（或代词）+形容词。接形容词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有make, keep, think, find

等。如：

At first I found Chinese hard. 开始的时候，我发现汉语很难。

3、名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语。接副词、介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take等。如：

The boy found his pen on the floor. 这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔

Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.

To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.

4、名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）。接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如：

In the country, he can hear birds singing. 在农村，他能听到鸟儿歌唱。

I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.

I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.

注意：

在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1）只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。

She caught her son smoking a cigarette.

His words started me thinking.

2）只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。

Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late.

他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。

3）既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。

She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.

有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。

I saw you put the key in your pocket.

5、名词（或代词）+不定式

1) to do

The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.

（ask tell beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade）

2) 省略to 的不定式

使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to 的取舍问题：

在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去to 。feel 一词，跟to be 型不定式带to；跟to do 型不定式不带to。

help 一词后的不定式，可带to，也可以不带to。

6、名词（或代词）+从句

We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.

7、常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式：

1）with＋名词／代词＋形容词