新人教版八年级英语下册第一单元知识点

Unit 1 What’s the matter?

一．询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到什么麻烦时，常用以下句型：

1.What’s the matter （with sb）?

2. What’s the trouble / problem（with sb）?

3.What’s wrong （with sb）? 你怎么了？

4. What’s one’s trouble / problem ？

5.What’s up ?

6. What happened to sb ?

7.Are you OK ? 8. Is there anything wrong with sb ?

二．表达身体不适或疼痛时，常用以下结构：

1.Sb + have /has + a / an + 疾病名称：have a cold / fever / cough / temperature

2.Sb + have/ has a sore +身体部位：have a sore throat / back

3.Sb + have / has+ a+ 身体部位—ache have a toothache /headache / stomachache / earache /backache

4.Sb + hurt(s) +身体部位/ oneself ; He hurt his leg . 或身体部位+ hurts ; My head hurts badly .

5.There is something wrong with one’s +身体部位。

6.Sb +have /has a pain in one’s +身体部位

三．情态动词should / should’t 的用法：意为’应该，应当’后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化。通常表示提出意见或建议，或义务和责任，还可表示命令责备或要求等语气;

1. You should lie down and rest .

2.You should’t eat so much next time .

3. What should I do ?

4. Should I put some medicine on it ？----Yes ,you should ./ No, you should’t.

Section A

1.sore adj. 疼痛的可作定语或表语She has a sore throat / back . My leg is very sore .

2.back n. 后面，背面He sat at the back of the classroom. adv . 回（原处）come back

3. lie 躺，卧---lay. lain.lying lie down 躺下撒谎---lied.lied .lying You are lying to me .

n. 谎言假话tell a lie / lies lay .---laid .laid. laying 产卵下蛋放置

4. rest 休息v./n. You should rest for a few days . get some rest= have(take) a rest /a break / breaks休息一下

5. to one ‘s surprise 使某人惊讶的是常作插入语，位于句首To his surprise,she failed the exam .

in surprise 吃惊地surprising ----物What surprising news !

Surprised---- 人be surprised to do / be surprised at sth / be surprised that…

6. much too+ 形容词，太...... ，too many+可数名词复数，太多……

too much+不可数名词，太多…也可做副词talk too much

7. enough形容、副词,足够的/地，(1) enough +名词; enough water (2) 形副+ enough ; good enough

8. sound like+名词代词和从句：听起来像It sounds like you don’t know the truth.. It sounds like a good idea. Sound( look/feel/taste/smell )+形容词听起来... eg. The music sounds nice.

9. need (1).需要，实义动词人作主语need+sth，需要某物；need (sb)to do sth.需要做某事，

(2). 物作主语；sth needs doing/ to be done ; The room needs cleaning /to be cleaned.

(3) 情态动词,多用于否定句或疑问句Need I stay here ?---Yes, you must . /No, you need’t.

10. agree 同意，赞同---disagree(反义词) agree with sb. 同意某人agree to do. 同意做某事

11. right away =right now =at once，意为马上。

12. advice(不可数)建议,意见a piece of advice 一条建议give sb. advice on sth./ take one’s advice

advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事

13. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg . He hurt her feelings.

不及物动词，……（部位）疼。His leg hurt badly.

14. hit ---hit（过去式）（用手或器具）打；击打The boy hit the dog with a stone.

hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back 打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on 用在所打较硬的部位；

hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in 用在所打较软的部位。

当名词用时；get hit on the head 头部受到撞击

15. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事I saw a boy playing football near my home.

See sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调全过程）We saw him cross the road.

16.shout to sb向某人喊话shout at sb 冲某人叫喊（贬义）shout for help 大声呼救

17. expect sb to do sth期待某人去做某事。

18.think about（+doing）考虑think of 想起，认为think over 仔细考虑think up 想出