机械外文英文翻译剥壳机的介绍
机械专业中英文对照-机械专业中英文对照
机械专业英语词汇陶瓷 ceramics合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry投影 projection剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard ponent零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准那么 rigidity criterion垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curveX成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and bination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheel龙门刨削 planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith锻 forge压模 stamping拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造 found流体动力学 fluid dynamics流体力学 fluid mechanics加工 machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数 safty factor可靠性 reliability螺旋 helix键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号 random signal离散信号 discrete signal超声传感器 ultrasonic sensor集成电路 integrate circuit挡板 orifice plate剩余应力 residual stress套筒 sleeve扭力 torsion冷加工 cold machining电动机 electromotor汽缸 cylinder过盈配合 interference fit热加工 hotwork摄像头 CCD camera倒角 rounding chamfer优化设计 optimal design工业造型设计 industrial moulding design有限元 finite element滚齿 hobbing插齿 gear shaping伺服电机 actuating motor铣床 milling machine钻床 drill machine镗床 boring machine步进电机 stepper motor丝杠 screw rod导轨 lead rail组件 subassembly可编程序逻辑控制器 Programmable Logic Controller PLC 电火花加工 electric spark machining电火花线切割加工 electrical discharge wire - cutting相图 phase diagram热处理 heat treatment固态相变 solid state phase changes有色金属 nonferrous metal陶瓷 ceramics 合成纤维 synthetic fibre电化学腐蚀 electrochemical corrosion车架 automotive chassis悬架 suspension转向器 redirector变速器 speed changer板料冲压 sheet metal parts孔加工 spot facing machining气动夹紧 pneuma lock数学模型 mathematical model画法几何 descriptive geometry机械制图 Mechanical drawing投影 projection视图 view剖视图 profile chart标准件 standard ponent零件图 part drawing装配图 assembly drawing尺寸标注 size marking技术要求 technical requirements刚度 rigidity内力 internal force位移 displacement截面 section疲劳极限 fatigue limit断裂 fracture塑性变形 plastic distortion脆性材料 brittleness material刚度准那么 rigidity criterion垫圈 washer垫片 spacer直齿圆柱齿轮 straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical-spur gear直齿锥齿轮 straight bevel gear运动简图 kinematic sketch齿轮齿条 pinion and rack蜗杆蜗轮 worm and worm gear虚约束 passive constraint曲柄 crank摇杆 racker凸轮 cams共轭曲线 conjugate curveX成法 generation method定义域 definitional domain值域 range导数\\微分 differential coefficient求导 derivation定积分 definite integral不定积分 indefinite integral曲率 curvature偏微分 partial differential毛坯 rough游标卡尺 slide caliper千分尺 micrometer calipers攻丝 tap二阶行列式 second order determinant逆矩阵 inverse matrix线性方程组 linear equations概率 probability随机变量 random variable排列组合 permutation and bination气体状态方程 equation of state of gas动能 kinetic energy势能 potential energy机械能守恒 conservation of mechanical energy 动量 momentum桁架 truss轴线 axes余子式 cofactor逻辑电路 logic circuit触发器 flip-flop脉冲波形 pulse shape数模 digital analogy液压传动机构 fluid drive mechanism机械零件 mechanical parts淬火冷却 quench淬火 hardening回火 tempering调质 hardening and tempering磨粒 abrasive grain结合剂 bonding agent砂轮 grinding wheelConveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂mon equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车pound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次production control confirmation生产确认approved by核准stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工cause description原因说明prepared by制表 notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传 rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车 mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阿基米德蜗杆 Archimedes worm安全系数 safety factor; factor of safety安全载荷 safe load凹面、凹度 concavity扳手 wrench 板簧 flat leaf spring 半圆键 woodruff key变形 deformation摆杆 oscillating bar摆动从动件 oscillating follower摆动从动件凸轮机构 cam with oscillating follower摆动导杆机构 oscillating guide-bar mechanism摆线齿轮 cycloidal gear摆线齿形 cycloidal tooth profile摆线运动规律 cycloidal motion摆线针轮cycloidal-pin wheel包角 angle of contact保持架 cage背对背安装 back-to-back arrangement背锥 back cone ； normal cone背锥角 back angle背锥距 back cone distance比例尺 scale比热容 specific heat capacity闭式链 closed kinematic chain闭链机构 closed chain mechanism臂部 arm变频器frequency converters变频调速 frequency control of motor speed变速 speed change变速齿轮 change gear change wheel变位齿轮 modified gear变位系数 modification coefficient标准齿轮 standard gear标准直齿轮 standard spur gear外表质量系数 superficial mass factor外表传热系数 surface coefficient of heat transfer外表粗糙度 surface roughness并联式组合 bination in parallel并联机构 parallel mechanism并联组合机构 parallel bined mechanism并行工程 concurrent engineering并行设计 concurred design, CD不平衡相位 phase angle of unbalance不平衡 imbalance (or unbalance)不平衡量 amount of unbalance不完全齿轮机构 intermittent gearing波发生器 wave generator波数 number of waves补偿 pensation参数化设计parameterization design, PD剩余应力 residual stress操纵与控制装置 operation control device槽轮 Geneva wheel槽轮机构 Geneva mechanism ；Maltese cross槽数 Geneva numerate槽凸轮 groove cam侧隙 backlash差动轮系 differential gear train差动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism 差速器 differential常用机构 conventional mechanism; mechanism in mon use车床 lathe承载量系数 bearing capacity factor承载能力 bearing capacity 成对安装 paired mounting尺寸系列 dimension series齿槽 tooth space齿槽宽 spacewidth齿侧间隙 backlash齿顶高 addendum齿顶圆 addendum circle 齿根高 dedendum齿根圆 dedendum circle齿厚 tooth thickness齿距 circular pitch齿宽 face width齿廓 tooth profile齿廓曲线 tooth curve齿轮 gear 齿轮变速箱 speed-changing gear boxes齿轮齿条机构 pinion and rack齿轮插刀 pinion cutter; pinion-shaped shaper cutter齿轮滚刀 hob ,hobbing cutter齿轮机构 gear齿轮轮坯 blank齿轮传动系 pinion unit齿轮联轴器 gear coupling齿条传动 rack gear齿数 tooth number齿数比 gear ratio齿条rack齿条插刀 rack cutter; rack-shaped shaper cutter齿形链、无声链 silent chain齿形系数 form factor齿式棘轮机构 tooth ratchet mechanism插齿机 gear shaper重合点 coincident points重合度 contact ratio冲床 punch传动比 transmission ratio, speed ratio传动装置 gearing; transmission gear传动系统 driven system传动角 transmission angle传动轴 transmission shaft串联式组合 bination in series串联式组合机构 series bined mechanism串级调速 cascade speed control创新 innovation creation创新设计 creation design垂直载荷、法向载荷 normal load唇形橡胶密封 lip rubber seal磁流体轴承 magnetic fluid bearing从动带轮 driven pulley从动件 driven link, follower从动件平底宽度 width of flat-face从动件停歇 follower dwell从动件运动规律 follower motion从动轮 driven gear粗线 bold line粗牙螺纹 coarse thread大齿轮 gear wheel打包机 packer打滑 slipping带传动 belt driving带轮 belt pulley带式制动器 band brake单列轴承 single row bearing单向推力轴承 single-direction thrust bearing单万向联轴节 single universal joint单位矢量 unit vector当量齿轮 equivalent spur gear; virtual gear当量齿数 equivalent teeth number; virtual number of teeth当量摩擦系数 equivalent coefficient of friction当量载荷 equivalent load刀具 cutter导数 derivative倒角 chamfer导热性 conduction of heat 导程 lead导程角 lead angle等加等减速运动规律 parabolic motion; constant acceleration and deceleration motion等速运动规律 uniform motion; constant velocity motion等径凸轮 conjugate yoke radial cam等宽凸轮 constant-breadth cam等效构件 equivalent link等效力 equivalent force等效力矩 equivalent moment of force等效量 equivalent等效质量 equivalent mass等效转动惯量 equivalent moment of inertia等效动力学模型dynamically equivalent model底座 chassis低副 lower pair点划线 chain dotted line〔疲劳〕点蚀 pitting垫圈 gasket垫片密封 gasket seal碟形弹簧 belleville spring顶隙 bottom clearance定轴轮系 ordinary gear train; gear train with fixed axes动力学 dynamics动密封 kinematical seal 动能 dynamic energy动力粘度 dynamic viscosity动力润滑 dynamic lubrication动平衡 dynamic balance动平衡机 dynamic balancing machine动态特性 dynamic characteristics动态分析设计 dynamic analysis design动压力 dynamic reaction动载荷 dynamic load端面 transverse plane端面参数transverse parameters端面齿距 transverse circular pitch端面齿廓 transverse tooth profile端面重合度 transverse contact ratio端面模数transverse module端面压力角 transverse pressure angle锻造 forge对称循环应力 symmetry circulating stress对心滚子从动件 radial (or in-line ) roller follower对心直动从动件 radial (or in-line ) translating follower对心移动从动件 radial reciprocating follower对心曲柄滑块机构 in-line slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism多列轴承 multi-row bearing多楔带 poly V-belt多项式运动规律 polynomial motion多质量转子 rotor with several masses惰轮 idle gear额定寿命 rating life额定载荷 load ratingII 级杆组 dyad发生线 generating line 发生面 generating plane 法面 normal plane法面参数 normal parameters法面齿距 normal circular pitch法面模数 normal module法面压力角 normal pressure angle法向齿距 normal pitch 法向齿廓 normal tooth profile法向直廓蜗杆 straight sided normal worm法向力 normal force反应式组合 feedback bining反向运动学 inverse ( or backward) kinematics反转法 kinematic inversion反正切 ArctanX成法 generating cutting仿形法 form cutting方案设计、概念设计 concept design, CD防振装置 shockproof device飞轮 flywheel飞轮矩 moment of flywheel非标准齿轮 nonstandard gear非接触式密封 non-contact seal非周期性速度波动 aperiodic speed fluctuation非圆齿轮 non-circular gear粉末合金 powder metallurgy分度线 reference line; standard pitch line分度圆 reference circle; standard (cutting) pitch circle分度圆柱导程角 lead angle at reference cylinder分度圆柱螺旋角 helix angle at reference cylinder分母 denominator分子 numerator分度圆锥 reference cone; standard pitch cone分析法 analytical method封闭差动轮系 planetary differential复合铰链 pound hinge复合式组合 pound bining复合轮系 pound (or bined) gear train复合平带 pound flat belt复合应力 bined stress复式螺旋机构 pound screw mechanism复杂机构 plex mechanism杆组 Assur group 干预 interference 刚度系数 stiffness coefficient刚轮 rigid circular spline钢丝软轴 wire soft shaft刚体导引机构 body guidance mechanism刚性冲击 rigid impulse (shock)刚性转子 rigid rotor刚性轴承 rigid bearing刚性联轴器rigid coupling高度系列 height series高速带 high speed belt高副 higher pair格拉晓夫定理 Grashoff`s law根切 undercutting公称直径 nominal diameter高度系列 height series功 work工况系数 application factor工艺设计 technological design工作循环图 working cycle diagram工作机构operation mechanism工作载荷 external loads工作空间 working space工作应力 working stress工作阻力 effective resistance工作阻力矩 effective resistance moment公法线 mon normal line公共约束 general constraint公制齿轮 metric gears功率 power功能分析设计 function analyses design共轭齿廓 conjugate profiles共轭凸轮 conjugate cam构件 link鼓风机 blower固定构件 fixed link; frame固体润滑剂 solid lubricant关节型操作器jointed manipulator惯性力 inertia force惯性力矩 moment of inertia ,shaking moment惯性力平衡 balance of shaking force惯性力完全平衡 full balance of shaking force惯性力局部平衡 partial balance of shaking force惯性主矩 resultant moment of inertia惯性主失 resultant vector of inertia 冠轮 crown gear广义机构 generation mechanism广义坐标 generalized coordinate轨迹生成 path generation轨迹发生器 path generator滚刀 hob滚道raceway滚动体 rolling element滚动轴承 rolling bearing滚动轴承代号 rolling bearing identification code滚针 needle roller滚针轴承 needle roller bearing滚子 roller滚子轴承 roller bearing滚子半径 radius of roller滚子从动件 roller follower滚子链 roller chain滚子链联轴器 double roller chain coupling滚珠丝杆 ball screw滚柱式单向超越离合器 roller clutch过度切割 undercutting函数发生器 function generator 函数生成function generation 含油轴承 oil bearing耗油量 oil consumption耗油量系数 oil consumption factor赫兹公式 H. Hertz equation合成弯矩 resultant bending moment合力 resultant force合力矩 resultant moment of force黑箱 black box横坐标 abscissa互换性齿轮 interchangeable gears花键 spline 滑键、导键 feather key滑动轴承 sliding bearing滑动率 sliding ratio滑块 slider环面蜗杆 toroid helicoids worm环形弹簧 annular spring缓冲装置 shocks; shock-absorber灰铸铁 grey cast iron回程 return回转体平衡 balance of rotors混合轮系 pound gear train积分 integrate 机电一体化系统设计 mechanical-electrical integration system design 机构 mechanism机构分析 analysis of mechanism机构平衡 balance of mechanism机构学 mechanism机构运动设计 kinematic design of mechanism机构运动简图 kinematic sketch of mechanism机构综合 synthesis of mechanism机构组成constitution of mechanism机架 frame, fixed link机架变换 kinematic inversion机器 machine机器人 robot机器人操作器 manipulator机器人学robotics技术过程 technique process技术经济评价 technical and economic evaluation技术系统 technique system机械 machinery机械创新设计mechanical creation design, MCD机械系统设计 mechanical system design, MSD机械动力分析 dynamic analysis of machinery机械动力设计 dynamic design of machinery机械动力学 dynamics of machinery机械的现代设计 modern machine design机械系统 mechanical system机械利益 mechanical advantage 机械平衡 balance of machinery机械手 manipulator机械设计 machine design; mechanical design机械特性 mechanical behavior机械调速 mechanical speed governors机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械原理 theory of machines and mechanisms机械运转不均匀系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation 机械无级变速 mechanical stepless speed changes根底机构 fundamental mechanism根本额定寿命 basic rating life基于实例设计 case-based design,CBD 基圆 base circle基圆半径 radius of base circle基圆齿距 base pitch基圆压力角 pressure angle of base circle基圆柱 base cylinder基圆锥 base cone急回机构 quick-return mechanism急回特性 quick-return characteristics急回系数 advance-to return-time ratio急回运动 quick-return motion 棘轮 ratchet棘轮机构 ratchet mechanism棘爪 pawl极限位置 extreme (or limiting) position极位夹角 crank angle between extreme (or limiting) positions计算机辅助设计 puter aided design, CAD计算机辅助制造 puter aided manufacturing, CAM计算机集成制造系统 puter integrated manufacturing system, CIMS计算力矩 factored moment; calculation moment计算弯矩 calculated bending moment加权系数 weighting efficient加速度 acceleration 加速度分析 acceleration analysis加速度曲线 acceleration diagram尖点 pointing; cusp尖底从动件 knife-edge follower间隙 backlash间歇运动机构 intermittent motion mechanism减速比 reduction ratio减速齿轮、减速装置 reduction gear减速器 speed reducer减摩性 anti-friction quality 渐开螺旋面 involute helicoid渐开线 involute渐开线齿廓 involute profile渐开线齿轮 involute gear渐开线发生线 generating line of involute渐开线方程 involute equation渐开线函数 involute function渐开线蜗杆 involute worm渐开线压力角 pressure angle of involute渐开线花键 involute spline简谐运动 simple harmonic motion键 key键槽 keyway交变应力 repeated stress交变载荷 repeated fluctuating load交叉带传动 cross-belt drive 交织轴斜齿轮 crossed helical gears胶合 scoring角加速度 angular acceleration角速度 angular velocity角速比 angular velocity ratio角接触球轴承 angular contact ball bearing角接触推力轴承 angular contact thrust bearing角接触向心轴承 angular contact radial bearing角接触轴承 angular contact bearing铰链、枢纽 hinge校正平面 correcting plane接触应力 contact stress接触式密封 contact seal阶梯轴 multi-diameter shaft结构structure结构设计 structural design截面 section节点 pitch point节距 circular pitch; pitch of teeth节线 pitch line节圆 pitch circle节圆齿厚 thickness on pitch circle节圆直径 pitch diameter节圆锥 pitch cone节圆锥角 pitch cone angle解析设计 analytical design紧边 tight-side 紧固件 fastener径节 diametral pitch径向 radial direction径向当量动载荷 dynamic equivalent radial load径向当量静载荷 static equivalent radial load径向根本额定动载荷 basic dynamic radial load rating径向根本额定静载荷 basic static radial load tating径向接触轴承 radial contact bearing 径向平面 radial plane径向游隙 radial internal clearance径向载荷 radial load径向载荷系数 radial load factor径向间隙 clearance静力 static force静平衡 static balance静载荷 static load静密封 static seal局部自由度 passive degree of freedom矩阵 matrix矩形螺纹 square threaded form锯齿形螺纹 buttress thread form矩形牙嵌式离合器 square-jaw positive-contact clutch绝对尺寸系数 absolute dimensional factor绝对运动 absolute motion绝对速度 absolute velocity均衡装置 load balancing mechanism抗压强度 pression strength 开口传动 open-belt drive 开式链 open kinematic chain开链机构 open chain mechanism可靠度 degree of reliability可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design, RD空气弹簧 air spring空间机构 spatial mechanism空间连杆机构 spatial linkage空间凸轮机构 spatial cam空间运动副 spatial kinematic pair空间运动链 spatial kinematic chain空转 idle宽度系列 width series框图 block diagram雷诺方程Reynolds‘s equation 离心力 centrifugal force 离心应力 centrifugal stress 离合器 clutch离心密封 centrifugal seal理论廓线 pitch curve理论啮合线 theoretical line of action隶属度 membership力 force力多边形 force polygon力封闭型凸轮机构 force-drive (or force-closed) cam mechanism力矩 moment力平衡 equilibrium力偶 couple力偶矩 moment of couple连杆connecting rod, coupler连杆机构 linkage连杆曲线 coupler-curve连心线 line of centers链 chain链传动装置 chain gearing链轮 sprocket sprocket-wheel sprocket gear chain wheel联组 V 带 tight-up V belt联轴器 coupling shaft coupling两维凸轮 two-dimensional cam临界转速 critical speed六杆机构 six-bar linkage龙门刨床 double Haas planer轮坯 blank轮系 gear train螺杆 screw螺距 thread pitch螺母 screw nut螺旋锥齿轮helical bevel gear螺钉 screws螺栓 bolts螺纹导程 lead螺纹效率 screw efficiency螺旋传动 power screw螺旋密封 spiral seal螺纹 thread (of a screw)螺旋副 helical pair螺旋机构 screw mechanism螺旋角 helix angle螺旋线 helix ,helical line绿色设计 green design design for environment马耳他机构 Geneva wheel Geneva gear 马耳他十字 Maltese cross 脉动无级变速 pulsating stepless speed changes脉动循环应力 fluctuating circulating stress脉动载荷 fluctuating load铆钉 rivet迷宫密封 labyrinth seal密封 seal密封带 seal belt密封胶 seal gum密封元件 potted ponent密封装置sealing arrangement面对面安装 face-to-face arrangement面向产品生命周期设计 design for product`s life cycle, DPLC名义应力、公称应力 nominal stress模块化设计 modular design, MD模块式传动系统 modular system模幅箱 morphology box模糊集 fuzzy set模糊评价 fuzzy evaluation模数 module 摩擦 friction摩擦角 friction angle摩擦力 friction force摩擦学设计 tribology design, TD摩擦阻力 frictional resistance摩擦力矩 friction moment 摩擦系数 coefficient of friction摩擦圆 friction circle磨损 abrasion wear; scratching末端执行器 end-effector目标函数 objective function耐腐蚀性 corrosion resistance 耐磨性 wear resistance 挠性机构 mechanism with flexible elements挠性转子 flexible rotor内齿轮 internal gear内齿圈 ring gear内力 internal force内圈 inner ring能量 energy能量指示图 viscosity逆时针 counterclockwise (or anticlockwise)啮出 engaging-out 啮合 engagement, mesh, gearing啮合点 contact points啮合角 working pressure angle啮合线 line of action啮合线长度 length of line of action 啮入 engaging-in牛头刨床 shaper凝固点 freezing point; solidifying point扭转应力 torsion stress扭矩 moment of torque扭簧 helical torsion spring诺模图 NomogramO 形密封圈密封 O ring seal盘形凸轮 disk cam 盘形转子 disk-like rotor 抛物线运动 parabolic motion疲劳极限 fatigue limit 疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏置式 offset偏 ( 心 ) 距 offset distance偏心率 eccentricity ratio偏心质量 eccentric mass偏距圆 offset circle偏心盘 eccentric偏置滚子从动件 offset roller follower偏置尖底从动件 offset knife-edge follower偏置曲柄滑块机构 offset slider-crank mechanism 拼接 matching评价与决策 evaluation and decision频率 frequency平带 flat belt平带传动 flat belt driving平底从动件 flat-face follower平底宽度 face width平分线 bisector平均应力 average stress平均中径 mean screw diameter平均速度 average velocity平衡 balance平衡机 balancing machine平衡品质 balancing quality平衡平面 correcting plane平衡质量 balancing mass平衡重 counterweight平衡转速 balancing speed平面副 planar pair, flat pair平面机构 planar mechanism平面运动副 planar kinematic pair平面连杆机构 planar linkage平面凸轮 planar cam平面凸轮机构 planar cam mechanism平面轴斜齿轮 parallel helical gears普通平键 parallel key其他常用机构 other mechanism in mon use 起动阶段 starting period 启动力矩 starting torque气动机构 pneumatic mechanism奇异位置 singular position起始啮合点 initial contact , beginning of contact气体轴承 gas bearing千斤顶 jack嵌入键 sunk key强迫振动 forced vibration切齿深度 depth of cut曲柄 crank曲柄存在条件 Grashoff`s law曲柄导杆机构 crank shaper (guide-bar) mechanism曲柄滑块机构 slider-crank (or crank-slider) mechanism曲柄摇杆机构 crank-rocker mechanism曲齿锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear曲率 curvature曲率半径 radius of curvature曲面从动件 curved-shoe follower曲线拼接 curve matching曲线运动 curvilinear motion曲轴 crank shaft驱动力 driving force驱动力矩 driving moment (torque)全齿高 whole depth权重集 weight sets球 ball球面滚子 convex roller球轴承 ball bearing球面副 spheric pair球面渐开线 spherical involute球面运动 spherical motion球销副 sphere-pin pair球坐标操作器 polar coordinate manipulator燃点 spontaneous ignition 热平衡 heat balance; thermal equilibrium 人字齿轮 herringbone gear冗余自由度 redundant degree of freedom 柔轮 flexspline柔性冲击 flexible impulse; soft shock柔性制造系统 flexible manufacturing system; FMS柔性自动化 flexible automation润滑油膜lubricant film润滑装置 lubrication device润滑 lubrication润滑剂 lubricant三角形花键 serration spline 三角形螺纹 V thread screw 三维凸轮three-dimensional cam三心定理 Kennedy`s theorem砂轮越程槽 grinding wheel groove砂漏 hour-glass少齿差行星传动 planetary drive with small teeth difference设计方法学 design methodology设计变量 design variable设计约束 design constraints深沟球轴承 deep groove ball bearing生产阻力productive resistance升程 rise升距 lift实际廓线 cam profile十字滑块联轴器double slider coupling; Oldham‘s coupling矢量 vector输出功output work输出构件 output link输出机构 output mechanism输出力矩 output torque输出轴 output shaft输入构件 input link数学模型 mathematic model实际啮合线 actual line of action双滑块机构 double-slider mechanism, ellipsograph双曲柄机构 double crank mechanism双曲面齿轮 hyperboloidgear双头螺柱 studs双万向联轴节 constant-velocity (or double) universal joint双摇杆机构 double rocker mechanism双转块机构 Oldham coupling 双列轴承 double row bearing双向推力轴承 double-direction thrust bearing松边 slack-side顺时针 clockwise瞬心 instantaneous center死点 dead point四杆机构 four-bar linkage速度 velocity速度不均匀 ( 波动 ) 系数 coefficient of speed fluctuation速度波动 speed fluctuation速度曲线velocity diagram速度瞬心 instantaneous center of velocity塔轮 step pulley 踏板 pedal 台钳、虎钳 vice太阳轮 sun gear弹性滑动 elasticity sliding motion弹性联轴器 elastic coupling flexible coupling弹性套柱销联轴器 rubber-cushioned sleeve bearing coupling套筒 sleeve梯形螺纹 acme thread form特殊运动链 special kinematic chain特性 characteristics替代机构 equivalent mechanism调节 modulation, regulation调心滚子轴承self-aligning roller bearing调心球轴承 self-aligning ball bearing调心轴承 self-aligning bearing调速 speed governing调速电动机 adjustable speed motors调速系统 speed control system调压调速 variable voltage control调速器 regulator, governor铁磁流体密封 ferrofluid seal停车阶段stopping phase停歇 dwell同步带 synchronous belt同步带传动 synchronous belt drive凸的，凸面体 convex凸轮 cam凸轮倒置机构 inverse cam mechanism凸轮机构 cam , cam mechanism凸轮廓线 cam profile凸轮廓线绘制 layout of cam profile凸轮理论廓线 pitch curve凸缘联轴器 flange coupling 图册、图谱 atlas图解法 graphical method推程 rise推力球轴承 thrust ball bearing推力轴承 thrust bearing退刀槽 tool withdrawal groove退火anneal陀螺仪 gyroscopeV 带 V belt外力 external force 外圈 outer ring 外形尺寸 boundary dimension万向联轴器 Hooks coupling universal coupling 外齿轮 external gear弯曲应力 beading stress弯矩 bending moment腕部 wrist往复移动 reciprocating motion往复式密封 reciprocating seal网上设计 on-net design, OND微动螺旋机构 differential screw mechanism位移 displacement位移曲线 displacement diagram位姿 pose , position and orientation稳定运转阶段 steady motion period稳健设计 robust design蜗杆 worm蜗杆传动机构 worm gearing蜗杆头数 number of threads蜗杆直径系数 diametral quotient蜗杆蜗轮机构 worm and worm gear蜗杆形凸轮步进机构 worm cam interval mechanism蜗杆旋向 hands of worm蜗轮 worm gear涡圈形盘簧 power spring无级变速装置 stepless speed changes devices无穷大 infinite系杆 crank arm, planet carrier 现场平衡 field balancing 向心轴承 radial bearing向心力 centrifugal force相对速度 relative velocity相对运动 relative motion相对间隙 relative gap象限 quadrant橡皮泥plasticine细牙螺纹 fine threads销 pin消耗 consumption小齿轮 pinion小径 minor diameter橡胶弹簧 balata spring修正梯形加速度运动规律 modified trapezoidal acceleration motion修正正弦加速度运动规律 modified sine acceleration motion斜齿圆柱齿轮 helical gear斜键、钩头楔键 taper key 泄漏 leakage谐波齿轮 harmonic gear谐波传动 harmonic driving谐波发生器 harmonic generator斜齿轮的当量直齿轮 equivalent spur gear of the helical gear心轴 spindle行程速度变化系数 coefficient of travel speed variation行程速比系数 advance-to return-time ratio行星齿轮装置planetary transmission行星轮 planet gear行星轮变速装置 planetary speed changing devices行星轮系 planetary gear train形封闭凸轮机构positive-drive (or form-closed) cam mechanism虚拟现实 virtual reality虚拟现实技术 virtual reality technology, VRT虚拟现实设计 virtual reality design, VRD虚约束 redundant (or passive) constraint许用不平衡量 allowable amount of unbalance许用压力角 allowable pressure angle许用应力allowable stress; permissible stress悬臂结构 cantilever structure悬臂梁 cantilever beam循环功率流 circulating power load旋转力矩 running torque旋转式密封 rotating seal旋转运动 rotary motion选型 type selection压力 pressure 压力中心 center of pressure 压缩机 pressor压应力pressive stress压力角 pressure angle牙嵌式联轴器 jaw (teeth) positive-contact coupling雅可比矩阵 Jacobi matrix摇杆 rocker液力传动hydrodynamic drive液力耦合器 hydraulic couplers液体弹簧 liquid spring液压无级变速 hydraulic stepless speed changes液压机构 hydraulic mechanism一般化运动链 generalized kinematic chain移动从动件 reciprocating follower移动副 prismatic pair, sliding pair移动关节 prismatic joint移动凸轮 wedge cam盈亏功 increment or decrement work应力幅 stress amplitude应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 factor of stress concentration应力图 stress diagram应力—应变图 stress-strain diagram优化设计 optimal design油杯 oil bottle油壶 oil can油沟密封 oily ditch seal有害阻力 useless resistance有益阻力 useful resistance有效拉力 effective tension有效圆周力 effective circle force有害阻力 detrimental resistance余弦加速度运动 cosine acceleration (or simple harmonic) motion预紧力 preload原动机 primer mover圆带 round belt圆带传动 round belt drive圆弧齿厚 circular thickness圆弧圆柱蜗杆 hollow flank worm圆角半径 fillet radius圆盘摩擦离合器 disc friction clutch圆盘制动器 disc brake 原动机 prime mover原始机构 original mechanism圆形齿轮 circular gear圆柱滚子 cylindrical roller圆柱滚子轴承 cylindrical roller bearing圆柱副 cylindric pair圆柱式凸轮步进运动机构 barrel (cylindric) cam圆柱螺旋拉伸弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil extension spring圆柱螺旋扭转弹簧cylindroid helical-coil torsion spring圆柱螺旋压缩弹簧 cylindroid helical-coil pression spring圆柱凸轮 cylindrical cam圆柱蜗杆 cylindrical worm圆柱坐标操作器 cylindrical coordinate manipulator圆锥螺旋扭转弹簧 conoid helical-coil pression spring圆锥滚子 tapered roller圆锥滚子轴承 tapered roller bearing圆锥齿轮机构 bevel gears圆锥角 cone angle原动件 driving link约束 constraint约束条件 constraint condition约束反力 constraining force跃度 jerk跃度曲线 jerk diagram运动倒置 kinematic inversion运动方案设计 kinematic precept design运动分析 kinematic analysis运动副 kinematic pair运动构件 moving link运动简图 kinematic sketch运动链 kinematic chain运动失真 undercutting运动设计 kinematic design运动周期 cycle of motion运动综合 kinematic synthesis运转不均匀系数 coefficient of velocity fluctuation运动粘度 kenematic viscosity 载荷 load 载荷—变形曲线 load—deformation curve 载荷—变形图 load—deformation diagram窄 V 带 narrow V belt毡圈密封 felt ring seal展。
机械破壳机结构、工作原理及应用
基金项目:河南省重大科技专项(编号:２２１１００１１０８００)作者简介:何婷,女,河南科技大学在读硕士研究生.通信作者:任广跃(１９７１ ),男,河南科技大学教授,博士.E Ｇm a i l :g u a n g y u e ya o ＠１６３．c o m 收稿日期:２０２２Ｇ１１Ｇ１８㊀㊀改回日期:２０２３Ｇ０５Ｇ０４D O I :１０．１３６５２/j ．s p jx ．１００３．５７８８．２０２２．８０９８５[文章编号]１００３Ｇ５７８８(２０２３)０７Ｇ０２１５Ｇ０８机械破壳机结构㊁工作原理及应用S t r u c t u r e ,w o r k i n gp r i n c i p l ea n da p pl i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l b r e a k e r 何㊀婷H E T i n g ㊀张㊀睿Z HA N GR u i ㊀任广跃R E N G u a n g Ｇy u e ㊀段㊀续D U A N X u ㊀李才云L IC a i Ｇyu n ㊀李亚春L IY a Ｇc h u n (河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院,河南洛阳㊀４７１０２３)(C o l l e g e o f F o o da n dB i o l o g i c a lE n g i n e e r i n g ,H e n a nU n i v e r s i t y o f Sc i e n c e a nd Te c h n o l o g y ,L u o y a n g ,He n a n ４７１０２３,C h i n a )摘要:脱壳率和碎仁率是带壳物料破壳的２个关键指标,机械破壳则是提高上述关键指标的重要途径之一.文章分析了常见的带壳物料机械破壳方式㊁机械破壳类型㊁机械破壳原理及发展现状,总结了机械破壳设备的优缺点,并对目前机械破壳应用过程中所存在的问题提出了建议.关键词:带壳物料;坚果;脱壳机械;脱壳率A b s t r a c t :S h e l l i n g r a t e a n dk e r n e l b r e a k i n g r a t e a r e t h e t w ok e yi n d i c a t o r s o f s h e l l e dm a t e r i a l s ,a n d m e c h a n i c a l s h e l l i n g i so n eo f t h e i m p o r t a n tm e t h o d st o i m p r o v et h e s ek e y i n d i c a t o r s ．I nt h i s p a p e r ,t h ec o mm o n m e c h a n i c a ls h e l l i n g m e t h o d s ,m e c h a n i c a l s h e l l i n g t y p e s ,m e c h a n i c a ls h e l l i n g p r i n c i p l e sa n d d e v e l o p m e n t s t a t u so fs h e l l i n g m a t e r i a l sw e r ea n a l y z e d ．T h ea d v a n t a ge sa n d d i s a d v a n t a g e s o fm e c h a n i c a l h u l l i n g e q u i pm e n tw e r e s u mm a r i z e d ,a n ds u g g e s t i o n s w e r e m a d ef o rt h e p r o b l e m s e x i s t i n g i n t h e c u r r e n t a p p l i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l h u l l i n g．K e yw o r d s :s h e l lm a t e r i a l ;n u t ;s h e l l i n g m a c h i n e r y ;s h e l l i n g r a t e 脱壳是带壳物料加工过程中的一道关键工序,影响其后续的加工环节,其中坚果脱壳尤为突出.坚果是闭果的一个分类,壳较坚硬,如花生㊁葵花子㊁核桃㊁榛子㊁杏仁等[１].P r u s s i a 等[２]针对间隙较大的坚果运用高速撞击原理,研究了坚果高速运动撞击破壳的方法;O l u w o l e等[３]采用撞击法研制出了离心力剥壳机.文章拟对破壳机的结构㊁工作原理及其研究进展进行分析,以期为机械破壳在带壳类物料中的应用提供依据.１㊀机械破壳机的基本结构机械破壳是带壳物料破壳的主要方式,而破壳机的关键结构是决定破壳效率和破碎率的关键因素之一.目前,机械破壳机的核心结构主要有立锥式㊁对辊式㊁多辊式㊁离心撞击式㊁柔性带挤压式和挤压式６种(见图１):①立锥式破壳机主要是通过内外辊筒间隙相对运动对物料进行脱壳,并能适应不同物料特性和尺寸特征;②对辊式破壳机的主动辊和从动辊相对运动,辊表面有若干弧形凸起,增加了对物料的抓取能力;③多辊式破壳机由破壳辊与多根辅助破壳辊构成间断性挤压;④离心撞击式破壳机主要由进料口㊁破壳装置㊁出料口㊁转动装置组成,由破壳装置旋转脱壳盘高速旋转产生足够大的离心力;⑤柔性带挤压式破壳机的传送带将物料传输到上挤压托与托板间隙破壳,需要调节脱壳间隙和楔形角度以适应不同物料;⑥挤压式破壳机由碾压辊㊁传送装置㊁V 形槽组成,物料进入两辊间挤压实现壳仁分离.２㊀机械破壳机的工作原理大部分带壳物料其壳质量占总质量比重较大,加工过程中影响完整果仁的提取.因此,壳㊁仁分离技术是进行精加工之前的一个重要环节,分离技术的优劣直接影响后序加工产品的质量.目前壳仁分离一般通过机械外力作用使坚果破裂,如表１所示,目前主要利用离心力㊁挤压力㊁摩檫力㊁剪切力４种作用力,采用撞击㊁挤压㊁碾搓㊁撕搓㊁切割㊁剪切㊁揉搓㊁摩擦８种机械方式,进而实现撞击㊁滚㊁搓㊁揉㊁挤㊁切割等操作.其中,撞击法㊁挤压法㊁切割法适用于壳仁间隙较大的坚果,摩擦法适用于千粒重较小的物料.３㊀机械破壳在带壳物料中的应用３．１㊀在稻谷㊁荞麦及亚麻籽等物料脱壳中的应用如表２所示,机械破壳机对带壳物料去壳的效果随喂料角度㊁脱壳间隙㊁转速的变化而变化,随着参数的增大,稻谷等物料的脱壳效果呈下降趋势.与手工㊁化学㊁激光等破壳方式相比,机械破壳的效率较高㊁成本较低.F O O D &MA C H I N E R Y 第３９卷第７期总第２６１期|２０２３年７月|图１㊀机械破壳机核心结构F i g u r e１㊀K e y b a s i c s t r u c t u r e o fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l b r e a k e r表１㊀机械破壳类型及原理T a b l e１㊀T y p e s a n d p r i n c i p l e s o fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l b r e a k e r s类型原理适用物料文献切割法①利用刀划痕来切割待破壳的籽粒外壳,同时运用揉㊁搓等作用来完成剥壳;②直接利用刀片切割开果壳,实现外壳与籽仁的分离壳仁间隙大的物料[４]撞击法在离心力作用下物料高速运动撞击到挡板上,脱离挡板后,壳㊁仁具有不同弹性形变而破裂,达到脱壳目的壳㊁仁间隙较大,结合力小,外壳较脆的物料[４－５]挤压法通过挤压力作用使物料破壳外壳脆㊁壳仁间隙大的物料[４,６]碾搓法一般通过碾压和搓擦的方法,典型应用是物料在固定磨片和运动磨片间受到强烈的碾搓作用,外壳撕裂而脱壳外壳硬度低,果仁不易碎的物料[４,６]剪切法在刀架和转鼓间受到相对运动的刀板的剪切力作用,外壳被切裂主要适用带绒棉籽[７－８]摩擦法籽粒与籽粒间,籽粒与机构间的擦离作用千粒重较小的物料[８]撕搓法利用相对转动的橡胶辊筒对籽粒进行撕搓外壳柔韧性较高的物料[６,８]揉搓法基于揉搓机理,主要由两块带齿的揉搓部件和定位挡板组成外壳较脆的物料[９－１０]通过建立机械模型对破壳机关键结构或参数进行优化研究,建立适当的三维数字模型和运用相关软件[１２,１４]成为研究的有效辅助工具.由于带壳物料种类复杂,不同物料及实际破壳机脱壳的预测结果需进一步研究,建立精确的三维数字模型更有助于提高物料的脱壳率和碎仁率.３．２㊀机械破壳在坚果中的应用３．２．１㊀撞击法机械破壳㊀利用仿真软件对破壳机的工作性能进行优化获得最优结构参数[２１],其中转速[２２]㊁物料投喂量[２３]㊁冲击力及含水率等也是影响物料破壳的重要因素.由表３可知,核桃㊁榛子通过撞击法进行破壳,对破壳机关键结构进行设计优化可达到脱壳目的.杏仁由于韧性较大,需足够的冲击力才能使核壳与仁分离,而采用撞击法的原理不易控制破壳参数,杏仁的壳仁不能有效分离[３２].撞击方式通常不会使籽粒出现渗油或者仁和壳黏附的现象,但撞击力过大,壳仁破碎与壳粘连在一起,撞击力过小则达不到破碎的目的[３３].３．２．２㊀挤压法机械破壳㊀该方法原理为坚果受到破壳机施加的挤压力使果壳周围产生局部压力而破裂.对辊式挤压辊不仅可以调节间距还能一次性投入较多的坚果,可提高脱壳效率;将传统挤压辊进行优化,在辊表面设置浅窝坑㊁小角度螺旋卡槽,可减少滑幅,增加挤压稳定性.坚果脱壳会出现脱壳不完全或者漏剥,而二次剥壳结合力变小,不能施加过大的力,因此使用P V C工作带相向运动且在最优间距和上下速度差下,产生上下剪切力和挤压力而达到破壳目的;可调节式脱壳机,通过调节式的研究进展A D V A N C E S总第２６１期|２０２３年７月|表２㊀机械破壳在稻谷㊁荞麦及亚麻籽等物料中的应用T a b l e ２㊀A p p l i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l c r u s h e r i n c r u s h i n g ri c e ,b u c k w h e a t a n d f l a x s e e d 物料方法研究内容结论文献稻谷㊀挤压法㊁摩擦法胶辊砻谷机工作参数辊间压力与线速差是影响稻谷脱壳率的两个重要因素,进机流量是影响脱壳率的主要因素,而快辊线速对脱壳率的影响相对较小[１１]稻谷㊀挤压法㊁摩擦法动力学仿真运用E D E M 仿真模拟大米输送过程获得速度㊁运动轨迹数据,得到米粒绕碾辊螺旋前进的规律[１２]稻谷㊀剪切法谷粒脱壳的影响因素谷粒在砻谷区域的运动方式随喂料角度的变化而变化;有效的脱壳方式为通过胶辊对稻壳的剪切作用解除小穗轴的连接和内外稃互锁;谷粒脱壳率随喂料角度的增加线性下降[１３]稻谷㊀摩擦法㊁挤压法对胶辊砻谷机的主要工作参数进行优化提出了砻谷工艺效果评价系数计算公式,通过仿真验证了评价及仿真方法的有效性;参数虚拟正交优化试验获得最优工作参数为轧距０．７mm ㊁线速差３．２m /s ㊁快辊转速１２５０r /m i n[１４]苦荞麦挤压法㊁揉搓法脱壳试验机确定最优间隙㊁压强㊁转速工作组合参数,但整仁率为３１．８％,脱壳率为８８．１％,主要是因为脱壳室压力动态调整机构不灵活[１５]荞麦㊀撞击法㊁摩擦法脱壳机性能参数当剥壳间隙接近５．０mm 时,出米率较高,相对碎米率较低,但随着速度的增加,碎米率呈二次函数递升,且剥壳间隙周向误差对碎米率的影响显著[１６]亚麻籽摩擦法㊁碾搓法设计脱壳机及壳仁分离设备仿真根据亚麻籽特征设计脱壳设备;通过对分离风道仿真选取５０mm 气道宽度;先进行风选再进行高压静电风选的效果较好[１７]亚麻籽碾搓法影响脱壳率和损失率的相关参数亚麻籽含水率㊁沙盘转速㊁沙盘间隙对脱壳率和损失率有显著影响[１８]小麦㊀揉搓法㊁摩擦法脱皮转子优化设计有限元分析转子模型最大变形量,通过施加变形补偿验证离心载荷下的变形得到抑制,稳定性提高[１９]薏仁㊀撕搓法㊁挤压法设计脱壳关键部件及仿真分析对脱壳核心机构进行设计㊁建模,验证可装配性,及薏仁在脱壳机中受力和运动仿真分析,提高脱壳率,减少破碎率[２０]表３㊀撞击法机械破壳在坚果中的应用T a b l e ３㊀A p p l i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l e r i m pa c tm e t h o d i nn u t s 物料研究内容结论文献核桃㊀新型核桃二次破壳机撞击速度是影响破壳率和损失率最重要的因素,同时是否再次与撞击桶㊁离心板或其他核桃发生碰撞也会影响其损失率[２４]核桃㊀仿生敲击破壳方式当含水率为１４．５５％~１６．３５％,直径为１８~２２mm (沿缝合线方向)时,破壳率为９９．４１％,果仁损伤率为６．２５％,生产率为９４．９３k g /h ,且破壳机参数的准确性与稳定性较好[２５]核桃㊀含水率㊁冲击力对核桃开裂的影响当含水率为１６％,设计的离心式冲击破碎机产生冲击力为１．０１J ,速度１１m /s 时,破壳效果最佳[２６]核桃㊀基于F E M 的工程模拟撞击获得壳体㊁填料和内核的最大等效应力值分别为７．１,５．１,０．３３６M P a ,碰撞时的最大反作用力为９９６k N[２７]榛子㊀二次碰撞破碎榛壳㊁壳仁分选吸式层选机使榛子果仁更好地脱离壳体,有利于壳仁分离[２８]油茶果四通道全自动脱壳机设计该脱壳机的脱净率为９８．８５％㊁茶籽破损率为３．２４％,达到预期设计目标[２９]葵花籽V 形槽㊁离心橡胶棒设计仿真V 形槽的角度为４５ʎ,大㊁小V 形槽高度分别为５．８,４．７mm ,橡胶棒分布下的脱壳效果较好[３０]花生㊀不同转速下撞击破壳破碎率与转速回归方程,最小破碎临界转速与时间变换回归函数[３１]|V o l ．３９,N o ．７何㊀婷等:机械破壳机结构㊁工作原理及应用双层多滚轮,可提高效率和解决脱壳不完全问题.其具体应用见表４.３．２．３㊀刀片切割法机械破壳㊀腰果壳含有黏性的壳液,果壳液中含有９０％左右的腰果酸且易脱酸为腰果酚,其反应得到的衍生物性能优越具有良好的加工性,可用于耐化学药品的工业涂料㊁合成橡胶㊁绝缘材料等[４５],对于这一类坚果物料,因其化学特性和形态导致脱壳困难,使用切割法脱壳时影响切割脱壳的因素有:推果速度和切割弹簧装置推进距离以及推进时坚果的状态.其具体应用见表５.３．２．４㊀剪切法机械破壳㊀破壳前对核桃进行力学特性分析(刚度㊁内力㊁形变),是提高破壳率和破壳机设计的有效途径,其具体应用详见表６.３．２．５㊀揉搓法机械破壳㊀张禹鑫[５９]利用差速对搓式破表４㊀挤压法机械破壳在坚果中的应用T a b l e ４㊀A p pl i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l e r e x t r u s i o nm e t h o d i nn u t s 物料研究内容结论文献核桃核桃破壳试验及影响核桃破壳的主要因素挤压力的大小取决于破壳板间隙㊁硬度和摩擦系数,破壳效果与破壳机结构和物料有关,此外,还与喂料速度有关[３４]核桃设计上料机构㊁破壳机构㊁传动机构核桃破壳率可达１００％,整仁率为７７．５８％[３５]核桃设计对辊挤压式核桃破壳装置当挤压辊I 转速为９５r /m i n ,挤压辊Ⅱ转速为７５r /m i n ,挤压间隙为３３mm 时,破壳效果较好[３６]核桃破壳及脱壳系统理论分析与试验研究得到理想脱壳率和整仁率的最优参数[３７]核桃柔性带差速挤压脱壳系统分析上下带间距和速度差分别为１４mm ㊁０．１９m /s ,张紧力为２３１N 时,脱壳率为９８％,整仁率为９３．７％[３８]榛子设计一种双层多滚轮可调式榛子脱壳机能对不同大小的榛子进行脱壳[３９]榛子沙辊上设置均料件以及榛壳筛分件脱壳均匀干净,榛仁收集便捷,脱壳装置便于清理和维护,能耗少[４０]榛子设计一对呈一定角度的圆柱滚筒和振动分筛机械能适应不同尺寸的榛子,使榛子脱壳向自动化㊁机械化发展[４１]杏核关键部件结构优化设计研制出有浅窝坑定位㊁螺旋卡槽双点挤压和搓揉功能的新机型,且壳仁分离快,粉尘污染减缓[４２]杏核机具关键部位设计与仿真当破壳间隙为８．５mm ㊁喂料速度为３５０k g /h ,差速比为１．７５时,杏核破壳试验样机的破壳效果达到最佳[４３]杏核主动辊设置若干个弧形凸起弧形凸起的齿顶高度为大小杏核之间的厚度差,可适应不同大小杏核,使杏核受到挤压破壳[４４]表５㊀刀片切割法机械破壳在坚果中的应用T a b l e ５㊀A p p l i c a t i o no f b l a d e c u t t i n g me t h o do fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l e r i nn u t s 物料研究内容结论文献腰果影响腰果切果状态的因素腰果尺寸与性质㊁投料方式㊁导轨材质㊁推果速度等,对腰果脱壳整仁率有较大影响[４６]腰果推果速度㊁切刀装置中弹簧压缩距离及进果时腰果的状态当刀口距离为９．１mm ,推果速度为１９．８r /m i n ,弹簧压缩距离为１６．７０mm ,采用趴着头部方式进果时,整仁率为６９．７６％[４７]腰果灰色神经网络对不同刀具参数下腰果整仁率的预测灰色神经网络的收敛速度较快,预测值与真实值吻合较好,平均误差为１１．２４％[４８]腰果对梳平组件㊁分离组件㊁筛选装置㊁开壳装置进行研究自动对腰果进行破壳与果㊁壳分离,实现梳平推挤腰果,单个腰果分离朝向开壳,筛分果与壳,效率提高[４９]腰果设计可调节破壳刀具及筛分操作简单,能耗少,稳定性好,破壳率高,但需要分级[５０]榛子设计连续剥壳装置切割刀装置切割后再经压盘挤压,达到连续将榛子和榛仁分离的目的[５１]板栗对板栗物理机械特性㊁剥壳力学进行设计分析及剥壳机结构设计可满足于不同成熟度和不同尺寸的板栗剥壳,在节省加工成本的同时降低了能耗㊁提高了效率[５２]板栗脱壳关键零部件优化和仿真优化后转盘㊁刀具工作时的最大应力分别降低了２２．３％和５０．０％[５３]研究进展A D V A N C E S 总第２６１期|２０２３年７月|表６㊀剪切法机械破壳在坚果中的应用T a b l e ６㊀A p p l i c a t i o no fm e c h a n i c a l s h e l l e r s h e a r i n g me t h o d i nn u t s 物料研究内容结论文献扁桃㊀脱壳过程中加载损伤分析确定脱壳机最优组合参数,其脱壳率为９７．６８％,破损率为６．８５％[５４]花生㊀滚筒凹板筛式脱壳机破碎仿真分析一定条件下,滚筒速度增加,破碎率增大;间隙增大,破碎率减少;随着喂入量的增大,破碎率呈先增后减趋势[５５]橡胶籽运用E D E M 对组合式脱壳机构进行模拟脱壳率与整仁率实测值与仿真值相差分别为４．４２％,５．１４％[５６]核桃㊀物料力学特性分析㊁脱壳机设计当挤压角度为０ʎ~４４ʎ时,核桃可进入挤压空间;挤压辊间距为２３mm ,当α０为２０ʎ时核桃开裂,当α０为１５ʎ时核桃断裂[５７]核桃㊀设计机械破壳装置核桃壳破裂率为９８％,核桃仁破碎率为２．９％,核仁外露率为７０％,提高了核桃壳的破裂率,降低了核桃仁的破碎率[５８]壳机得到了高脱壳率和低破碎率,并分析了物料的物理特性(胸径㊁端径㊁含水率㊁摩擦因数)和力学特性(弹性模量㊁临界破壳力㊁破壳变形率㊁撕裂临界力).汤晶宇等[６０]分析了锥结构式对油茶果的主要影响因素,包括滚筒转速㊁脱壳区间形式与材料㊁滚筒锥角与脱壳筒间隙等,提出了锥结构式设备除了通过受力分析来计算影响破壳因素的合理取值范围外,还需确认其他因素对破壳装备设计参数的影响.４㊀结论机械脱壳是大多带壳物料破壳的有效方法之一,操作简单㊁物料处理量大,能够按照设想到达破壳关键部位.但现有机械脱壳法脱壳率低,果仁损失率高㊁籽仁的破碎率高㊁通用性差且成本偏高㊁脱壳机稳定性差㊁适应性不强,破壳方式单一,工艺水平较低且耗能高.为提高脱壳效率,降低破损率,建议:①研制机械破壳的辅助技术,如激光法㊁化学法㊁微波法㊁真空法等原理,以提高脱壳率和破碎率;②优化机械破壳结构设计,进一步完善和提高机械脱壳机理;③研发新型联合机械破壳机构,充分利用离心力㊁挤压力㊁摩檫力㊁剪切力等作用力,将撞击㊁挤压㊁剪切㊁揉搓㊁摩擦等两种以上机械方式融为一体,以适应多种带壳物料;④精确㊁高效㊁低耗及自动化是机械破壳机未来的发展方向,且计算机人工智能自动化的开发有助于机械破壳机在带壳物料中的发展.随着机械破壳在带壳物料破壳方面研究的不断深入,机械联合破壳技术将更加成熟,破壳效果将更显著,应用范围也将更加广泛.参考文献[1]刘亚娜,杨小红,耿阳阳,等.不同野生榛子果实特性及营养成分分析[J].中国粮油学报,2021,36(1):117Ｇ122.LIU Y N,YANG X H,GENG Y Y ,et al.Analysis of fruit characteristics and nutritional composition of different wild hazelnuts[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2021,36(1):117Ｇ122.[2]PRUSSIA S E,VERMA B P.Apparatus for cracking edible nuts:US4467710A[P].1984Ｇ08Ｇ01.[3]OLUWOLE F A,ABDULRAHIM A T.Evaluation of some centrifugal impaction devices for shelling bambara groundnut [J].International Commission of Agricultural Engineering,2007,9:1Ｇ14.[4]吕小莲,吕小荣,张孝琼.坚果剥壳机具的研究现状与分析[J].食品工业科技,2011,32(8):485Ｇ488.LU X L,LU X R,ZHANG X Q.Research and analysis of nuts shelling machines [J].Science and Technology Industry,2011,32(8):485Ｇ488.[5]李晓霞,郭玉明.带壳物料脱壳方法及脱壳装备现状与分析[J].农产品加工(学刊),2007(4):83Ｇ86.LI X X,GUO Y M.Actuality of the decladding method and sheller of shell fruit[J].Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing,2007(4):83Ｇ86.[6]宋建双,刘翠红,刘洪旭,等.坚果剥壳方法的研究与应用现状[J].农业科技与装备,2014(6):42Ｇ43.SONG J S,LIU C H,LIU H X,et al.Research and application status of the nuts shelling methods [J ].Agricultural Science &Technology and Equipment,2014(6):42Ｇ43.[7]姚会玲,陈伟超,张瑞洋,等.棉籽剥壳机的研究现状及发展对策[J].粮食与食品工业,2011,18(4):49Ｇ51.YAO H L,CHEN W C,ZHANG R Y ,et al.Research actuality and developing countermeasures of cotton seedrinding machine [J ].Cereal and Food Industry,2011,18(4):49Ｇ51.[8]杜文华.带壳物料脱壳技术研究初探[J].太原师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003(1):58Ｇ61.DU W H.Study on the hulling technology of fruit [J].Journal of Taiyuan Teachers College (Natural Science Edition ),2003(1):58Ｇ61.[9]张荣荣,李小昱,王为.基于揉搓方法的板栗破壳性能的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007(5):177Ｇ179.ZHANG R R,LI X Y ,WANG W.Experimental research on cracking performance of Chinese chestnut based on flexible rubbing|V o l ．３９,N o ．７何㊀婷等:机械破壳机结构㊁工作原理及应用method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007(5):177Ｇ179.[10]马秋成,陈强,卢安舸,等.核桃定向破壳装置设计及试验[J].江西农业大学学报,2022,44(2):473Ｇ485.MA Q C,CHEN Q,LU A G,et al.Design and test of walnut directional shell breaking device[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2022,44(2):473Ｇ485.[11]伍毅,阮少兰.胶辊砻谷机工作参数对稻谷脱壳率的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2011(11):1Ｇ3.WU Y,RUAN S L.Effect of operating parameters of rubber huller machine on paddy shelling rate[J].Cereal&Feed Industry,2011(11):1Ｇ3.[12]史艳花,张国全,黄志平,等.基于外碾削立式碾米机的离散元法仿真分析[J].农机化研究,2015,37(5):54Ｇ57.SHI Y H,ZHANG G Q,HUANG Z P,et al.Simulation analysis of the outer vertical milling machine grinding cut discrete element method[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2015, 37(5):54Ｇ57.[13]陈沛瑀.胶辊砻谷机内稻谷脱壳特性研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2020:18Ｇ38.CHEN P Y.Study on the hulling mechanism of paddy grain in an rubber roll huller[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, 2020:18Ｇ38.[14]李阳.基于稻谷力学特性胶辊砻谷机工作参数优化[D].郑州:河南工业大学,2019:67Ｇ71.LI Y.Optimization of working parameters of rubber roller husker based on mechanical characteristics of rice[D].Zhengzhou:Henan University of Technology,2019:67Ｇ71.[15]朱新华,范维果,李泽,等.苦荞麦非热脱壳机试验研制[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(12):146Ｇ155.ZHU X H,FAN W G,LI Z,et al.Test and development of an nonＧthermal tartary buckwheat huller[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(12):146Ｇ155.[16]陈伟,杜文亮,政东红,等.荞麦剥壳机性能参数试验研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(7):107Ｇ114.CHEN W,DU W L,ZHENG D H,et al.Experimental study and parameter analysis on buckwheat huller[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017,22(7):107Ｇ114.[17]丁进锋.亚麻籽脱壳分离系统关键技术及设备研究[D].北京:中国农业机械化科学研究院,2016:31Ｇ96.DING J F.Study on the critical technology of flaxseed dehulling and separation and dehull equipment[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,2016:31Ｇ96.[18]丁进锋,赵凤敏,曹有福,等.亚麻籽脱壳机脱壳性能试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(1):158Ｇ164.DING J F,ZHAO F M,CAO Y F,et al.Experiment on shelling machine of flaxseed[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(1):158Ｇ164.[19]薛旭东,赵知辛,王琨.小麦脱皮机转子预弯工艺及优化设计[J].中国农机化学报,2020,41(3):104Ｇ108.XUE X D,ZHAO Z X,WANG K.PreＧbending technology and optimum design of the rotor in wheat peeler[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2020,41(3):104Ｇ108.[20]陈万程.砂盘式薏仁脱壳机设计研究[D].武汉:武汉轻工大学,2016:14Ｇ45.CHEN W C.Research and design of coix seed huller featured of abrasive and rubber discs[D].Wuhan:Wuhan Polytechnic University,2016:14Ｇ45.[21]郝建军,聂庆亮,马璐萍,等.锥盘式花生种子脱壳装置研制[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(17):27Ｇ34.HAO J J,NIE Q L,MA L P,et al.Development of cone disc type shelling mechanism for peanut seeds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(17):27Ｇ34.[22]张远东,王东伟,何晓宁,等.基于Workbench LSＧdyna的花生荚果脱壳受力仿真研究[J].花生学报,2022,51(1):66Ｇ71.ZHANG Y D,WANG D W,HE X Y,et al.Simulation study on peanut pod shelling force based on Workbench LSＧDyna[J]. Journal of Peanut Science,2022,51(1):66Ｇ71.[23]唐湘,谢方平,李旭,等.油茶果脱壳装置设计及试验[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(6):665Ｇ668.TANG X,XIE F P,LI X,et al.Design and test of dehulling machine for camellia oleifera fruit[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2014,40(6):665Ｇ668.[24]王晓暄,史建新,周军.离心式核桃二次破壳机的设计与实验研究[J].新疆农业科学,2013,50(6):1115Ｇ1121.WANG X X,SHI J X,ZHOU J.Design and test of centrifugal secondary broker for walnuts[J].Xinjing Agricultural Sciences, 2013,50(6):1115Ｇ1121.[25]丁冉,曹成茂,詹超,等.仿生敲击式山核桃破壳机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):257Ｇ264.DING R,CAO C M,ZHAN C,et al.Design and experiment of bionicＧimpact type pecan shell breaker[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(3): 257Ｇ264.[26]SHAHBAZI F.Effects of moisture content and impact energy onthe cracking characteristics of walnuts[J].International Journal of Food Engineering,2014,10(1):149Ｇ156.[27]CELIK H K,CAGLAYAN N,RENNIE A E W.Nonlinear FEM based highＧspeed shell shattering simulation for shelled edible agricultural products:Pecan fruit shattering[J].Journal of Food Process Engineering,2017,40(5):1Ｇ8.[28]甘肃省林业科学研究院.一种用于榛子壳仁分选的吸式层选机:CN202121958974.2[P].2022Ｇ04Ｇ05.Gansu Research Academy of Forestry Science and Technology.A suction type layer sorter for hazelnut shell kernel sorting: CN202121958974.2[P].2022Ｇ04Ｇ05.[29]汤晶宇,王东,寇欣,等.四通道全自动油茶成熟鲜果脱壳机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2021,52(4):109Ｇ116,229.研究进展A D V A N C E S总第２６１期|２０２３年７月|TANG J Y,WANG D,KOU X,et al.Design and experiment of fourＧchannel fully automatic shelling machine for ripe freshcamellia oleifera fruit[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2021,52(4):109Ｇ116,229.[30]杨发展,李全满,尹海龙,等.葵花籽精准高效碾压破壳脱壳技术装备研发[J].机械研究与应用,2017,30(3):94Ｇ95,98.YANG F Z,LI Q M,YIN H L,et al.Research and equipment development of precise and efficient shell breaking/shelling technology of sunflower seeds[J].Mechanical Research& Application,2017,30(3):94Ｇ95,98.[31]杨然兵,尚书旗.花生果实撞击试验及分析[J].农机化研究, 2010,32(9):176Ｇ178,183.YANG R B,SHANG S Q.The crash test and analysis of peanut[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2010,32(9):176Ｇ178,183.[32]杨忠强,杨莉玲,闫圣坤,等.杏核破壳技术及装备研究进展[J].食品与机械,2016,32(10):230Ｇ236.YANG Z Q,YANG L L,YAN S K,et al.Research progress on almond cracking technology and equipment[J].Food&Machinery, 2016,32(10):230Ｇ236.[33]廖配,全腊珍,肖旭,等.撞击式油茶果破壳装置的设计及试验[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2019,45(1):108Ｇ112.LIAO P,QUAN L Z,XIAO X,et al.Deign and experimental study of percussive shelling device for Camellia oleifera fruit[J].Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2019,45(1): 108Ｇ112.[34]李忠新,杨军,杨莉玲,等.核桃破壳取仁工艺及关键设备[J].农机化研究,2008(12):27Ｇ29,89.LI Z X,YANG J,YANG L L,et al.Walnut exuviating takes the kind craft and the key equipment[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2008(12):27Ｇ29,89.[35]程国梁,郑甲红,王超.二次挤压式核桃破壳机[J].食品与机械,2022,38(2):64Ｇ67.CHNEG G L,ZHENG J H,WANG C.Secondary extrusion walnut shell breaker[J].Food&Machinery,2022,38(2):64Ｇ67.[36]何义川,王序俭,曹肆林,等.对辊挤压式核桃破壳装置的设计与试验研究[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(9):350Ｇ352.HE Y C,WANG X J,CAO S L,et al.Design and experimental study of walnut shell breaking device with roll extrusion[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2012,40(9):350Ｇ352.[37]刘明政.核桃剪切挤压柔性破壳取仁的机理分析与实验研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2015:89Ｇ105.LIU M Z.Mechanization analysis and experimentation research of walnut shearingＧextrusion flexible shellＧcrushing[D].Qingdao: Qingdao University of Technology,2015:89Ｇ105.[38]刘明政,李长河,张彦彬,等.柔性带差速挤压核桃脱壳性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):99Ｇ107.LIUM Z,LI C H,ZHAG Y B,et al.Performance test of walnut shelling using flexibleＧbelt and differential velocity extrusion[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2016,47(9):99Ｇ107.[39]甘肃省林业科学研究院.一种双层多滚轮间隙可调式榛子脱壳机:CN202121959210.5[P].2022Ｇ04Ｇ05.Gansu Research Academy of Forestry Science and Technology.A doubleＧlayer multiＧroller gap adjustable hazelnut hulling machine: CN202121959210.5[P].2022Ｇ04Ｇ05.[40]铁岭市清河区兴农农机制造有限公司.新型高效榛子脱壳机: CN201520165613.0[P].2015Ｇ07Ｇ22.Tieling Qinghe District Xingnong Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing CO.New high efficiency hazelnut hulling machine: CN201520165613.0[P].2015Ｇ07Ｇ22.[41]张振兴,王家兴,李海龙,等.榛子剥壳筛选设备结构设计[J].科技经济市场,2020(12):27Ｇ28.ZHANG Z X,WANG J X,LI H L,et al.Hazelnut shelling and screening equipment structure design[J].Science&Technology Ecnony Market,2020(12):27Ｇ28.[42]韩闰劳,左志刚,赵宗朝.对辊挤压式杏核破壳机关键部件的优化设计[J].机械研究与应用,2020,33(5):139Ｇ141,144.HAN R L,ZUO Z G,ZHAO Z C.Optimization design for the key components of twinＧroll evtrusion apricot shell breaker[J]. Mechanical Research&Application,2020,33(5):139Ｇ141,144.[43]祝兆帅.斜齿对辊挤压式杏核破壳机的设计与试验[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2021:37Ｇ45.ZHU Z S.Design and experiment of extrusion type apricot stone breaking machine with oblique tooth and counter rollers[D]. Wulumuqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2021:37Ｇ45.[44]锦州俏牌机械有限公司,锦州俏牌生物科技有限公司.对辊式不分级杏核脱壳机:CN201621423772.7[P].2017Ｇ09Ｇ12.Jinzhou Pretty Brand Machinery CO,Jinzhou Pretty Brand Biotechnology Co.NonＧgraded apricot kernel hulling machine of roller type:CN201621423772.7[P].2017Ｇ09Ｇ12.[45]刘义军,朱德明,黄茂芳.腰果加工利用的研究进展[J].农产品加工(学刊),2013(22):43Ｇ45.LIU Y J,ZHU D M,HUANG M F.Advances in research on processing technology of anacardium occidentalie linn[J].Academic Periodical of Farm Products Processing,2013(22): 43Ｇ45.[46]刘义军,黄晖,张帆,等.腰果脱壳机机械性能测试研究[J].食品与机械,2016,32(10):74Ｇ76.LIU Y J,HUANG H,ZHANG F,et al.Mechanical performance test of cashew nut sheller[J].Food&Machinery,2016,32(10): 74Ｇ76.[47]刘义军,陈民,周延德,等.一种全自动腰果脱壳机的脱壳试验研究[J].食品与机械,2017,33(7):92Ｇ94,103.LIU Y J,CHEN M,ZHOU Y D,et al.Experimental study on shelling of a kind of selfＧdesigned and manufactured cashew nut sheller[J].Food&Machinery,2017,33(7):92Ｇ94,103.[48]宫杰,付云飞,黄晖,等.基于灰色神经网络的腰果自适应破|V o l．３９,N o．７何㊀婷等:机械破壳机结构㊁工作原理及应用。
花生脱壳机文献综述及外文翻译
郑州科技学院毕业论文(设计)文献综述题目名称花生去壳机的设计题目类别毕业设计系别机械工程系专业班级10机制本x班学生姓名xxx指导教师xxx完成日期 2014年3月10日花生脱壳机的设计摘要：我国加入WTO以来，国内外关于花生脱壳机机械的开发与推广应用日益增多，针对现有花生脱壳机机械存在的优点与不足，在未来的发展的过程中，对花生脱壳机机械在生产应用中的经验进行总结，不断完善其功能，使其呈现良好的发展势头。
关键词：箱体；机架；工艺；一，花生脱壳机的发展现状我国花生脱壳机的研制自1963年原八机部下达花生脱壳机的研制课题以来已有几十种花生脱壳机问世。
只进行单一脱壳功能的花生脱壳机结构简单、价格便宜、以小型家用为主的花生脱壳机在我国一些地区广泛应用，能够完成脱壳、分离、清选和分级功能的较大型花生脱壳机在一些大批量花生加工的企业中应用较为普遍。
国内现有的花生脱壳机种类很多，如6HB-6型花生剥壳机，6HB-20型花生剥壳机，6HB-2型花生脱壳机等,技术参数见附表,其作业效率为人工作业效率的20-60倍以上。
6HB-180型花生脱壳机械采用了三轧辊混合脱壳结构,能够进行二次脱壳。
而随着我国花生产业的进一步调整,花生产量逐年增加,花生的机械化脱壳程度将大幅提高,花生脱壳机械将拥有广阔的发展前景。
花生剥壳的原理很多,因此产生了很多种不同的花生剥壳机械。
花生剥壳部件是花生剥壳机的关键工作部件.剥壳部件的技术水平决定了机具作业刚花生仁破碎率、花生果一次剥净率及生产效率等重要的经济指标。
在目前的生产销售中,花生仁破碎率是社会最为关心的主要指标。
八十年代以前的花生剥壳机械,破碎率一般都大于8%有时高达15%以上。
加工出的花生仁,只能用来榨油,不能作种用.也达到出口标准。
为了降低破碎率而探讨新的剥壳原理,研制新式剥壳部件,便成为花生剥壳机械的重要研究课题。
从六十年代初,开始在我国出现了封闭式纹杆滚筒,栅条凹板式花生剥壳机。
2023年外语学习资料之服装机械名称英语版
2023年外语学习资料之服装机械名称英语版服装机械是指用于衣服生产加工的各种机器设备和仪器。
随着世界贸易的开放以及中国制造业的快速发展，服装机械在国内外市场上的需求也越来越高。
因此，熟练掌握相关的英语专业术语和词汇，对从业人员来说尤为重要。
下面笔者将介绍一些常见的服装机械名称及其英语版。
一、裁床裁床是一种用于裁剪布匹的设备。
根据不同的结构和用途，裁床可以分为液压裁床、气动裁床、数控裁床等不同类型。
液压裁床（Hydraulic Cutting Machine）液压裁床主要采用液压系统来完成切割操作。
液压裁床有着稳定的切割质量和高效的切割速度，广泛应用于服装、箱包、座椅、工艺品等行业。
气动裁床（Pneumatic Cutting Machine）气动裁床的切割系统依赖于气压，通过气压将刀具推动而实现切割。
由于气动裁床操作简单、价格较低，因此在小规模加工行业应用较为广泛。
数控裁床（CNC Cutting Machine）数控裁床采用数字式直控系统，能够自动完成布料的裁切。
数控裁床具有高精度、高效率、高稳定性等优点，是现代服装业中不可或缺的重要装备之一。
二、缝纫机缝纫机是一种用于缝制衣物、鞋帽、箱包、皮具等各种物品的机器设备。
根据结构和用途的不同，缝纫机可以分为家用缝纫机、工业缝纫机、手动缝纫机、电动缝纫机等不同类型。
家用缝纫机（Household Sewing Machine）家用缝纫机适用于家庭缝制衣服等小型物品。
家用缝纫机一般体积小、噪音低、操作简单。
工业缝纫机（Industrial Sewing Machine）工业缝纫机是一种适用于大规模制造生产、速度快且耐用的机械设备。
工业缝纫机分为平缝机、针车缝纫机、链缝机、绷缝机等多个不同类型。
手动缝纫机（Handheld Sewing Machine）手动缝纫机是一种便携式的小型缝纫机，体积小巧，适合于一些简单的手工绣制补衣等操作。
电动缝纫机（Electric Sewing Machine）电动缝纫机比手动缝纫机效率更高，但是操作也相对繁琐。
常用机械英语大(全)
常用机械英语大全Assembly line 组装线 [ə'sembli]Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机rivet ['rivit]n. 铆钉vt. 铆接；固定；（把目光、注意力等）集中于Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子pneumatic [nju:'mætik]adj. 气动的；有气胎的；充气的n. 气胎worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查OOBA out of box audit：开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器 ['skænə]fuse together 熔合fuse [fju:z]vi. 融合；熔化，熔融vt. 使融合；使熔化，使熔融n. 保险丝；导火线，雷管fuse machine 热熔机repair 修理operator 作业员QC 品管supervisor 课长 ['sju:pəvaizə]ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查 [kɔz'metik] inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝th umb [θʌm]vt. 以拇指拨弄；作搭车手势；笨拙地摆弄；翻阅vi. 用拇指翻书页；竖起拇指要求搭车n. 拇指lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条电磁干扰（Electro-Magnetic Interference）；电子乐器工业（Electrical Music Industry）；百代唱片（Electrical And Musical Industries.front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座chassis ['ʃæsi] n. 底盘，底架bezel panel 面板bezel ['bezəl]n. 刀具的刃角；宝石的斜面；遮光板；斜视规vt. 把…切成或磨成斜面power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键voltage ['vəultidʒ] n. [电]电压sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序 [sɔp]material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车 ['trɔli]carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department 生产部门planning department 企划部QC Section 品管科stamping factory 冲压厂painting factory 烤漆厂molding factory 成型厂common equipment 常用设备uncoiler and straightener 整平机uncoiler [ʌn'kɔilə]基本翻译n. 开卷机；闭卷送料机；展卷机网络释义uncoiler:闭卷送料机|开卷机|展卷机mandrel uncoiler:卷筒式开卷机uncoiler leveller:开卷-矫直机straightener ['streitənə]基本翻译n. 矫直机，矫正机；矫直装置网络释义straightener:矫直机|矫直器|矫正机wire straightener:线材矫直机|钢丝校正机|线材整直器pipe straightener:管子矫直机|管子校直器|钢管矫直机punching machine 冲床robot 机械手hydraulic machine油压机hydraulic [hai'drɔ:lik]基本翻译adj. 液压的；水力的；水力学的网络释义hydraulic:水力的，水压的|水力的|液压Hydraulic components:液压元件|压元件|液压组件hydraulic leather:水压机革(密封用革)|水压机革(密封用革) 皮革类英语|水压机革（密封用革）lathe车床 [leið]planer |plein|刨床miller 铣床grinder 磨床 ['ɡraində]linear cutting 线切割 ['liniə]electrical sparkle 电火花sparkle ['sp ɑ:kl] n. 活力；火花；闪耀vt. 使闪耀；使发光vi. 闪耀；发泡；活跃welder 电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director 厂长department director 部长deputy manager | =vice manager 副理 ['depjuti]section supervisor 课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor 组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺burr [bə:] n. 粗喉音，呼呼声vi. 用喉音说话vt. 以粗喉音发出final inspection 终检to connect material 接料to reverse material 翻料wet station 沾湿台Tiana 天那水cleaning cloth 抹布to load material 上料to unload material 卸料to return material/stock to 退料scraped 报废 [skreipt]scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase 来料不良purchase ['pə:tʃəs]n. 购买；紧握；起重装置vt. 购买；赢得vi. 购买东西manufacture procedure 制程deficient manufacturing procedure 制程不良oxidation | [,ɔksi'deiʃən] |氧化scratch刮伤 [skrætʃ]dents压痕defective up siding down抽芽不良defective to staking 铆合不良embedded lump 镶块feeding is not in place 送料不到位stamping-missing 漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer 备件forklift叉车 ['fɔ:k,lift]trailer=long vehicle拖板车['vi:ikl,compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch 压板 [pintʃ]bolt 螺栓administration/general affairs dept 总务部automatic screwdriver 电动启子 ['skru:,draivə]thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具 [ɡeidʒ]power wire 电源线buzzle 蜂鸣器defective product label 不良标签identifying sheet list 标示单location 地点present members 出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department 负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by 核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model 机锺work order 工令revision 版次remark 备注production control confirmation 生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department 部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存inventory ['invəntəri, -tɔ:ri]n. 存货，存货清单；详细目录；财产清册available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞obsolete ['ɔbsəli:t, ,ɔbsə'li:t]adj. 老式的；废弃的n. 废词；陈腐的人vt. 废弃；淘汰to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type 形态item/group/class 类别quality 品质prepared by 制表notes 说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量 ['invəntəriphysical count quantity 帐面数量difference quantity 差异量cause analysis 原因分析raw materials 原料materials 物料finished product 成品semi-finished product 半成品packing materials 包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts 良品defective product/non-good parts 不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub 仓库on way location在途仓oversea location 海外仓spare parts physical inventory list 备品盘点清单 spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM 线割EDM 放电机Coil stock 卷料sheet stock 片料tolerance 工差score=groove 压线cam block 滑块pilot 导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔 feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius 半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut 火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper 清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块baffle ['bæfl]基本翻译n. 挡板；困惑vt. 使…困惑；使…受挫折；用挡板控制vi. 做徒劳挣扎网络释义baffle:挡板|遮蔽体|调节阻板baffle plate:遮挡板|隔板,导流板|导流板baffle board:反射板|挡板|挡水板cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch 压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod 气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate 弹簧箱顶板bushing block 衬套insert 入块club car 高尔夫球车capability 能力parameter 参数 [pə'ræmitə]factor 系数phosphate 皮膜化成 ['fɔsfeit]viscosity 涂料粘度 [vi'skɔsəti]alkalidipping 脱脂main manifold 主集流脉bezel 斜视规 ['bezəl]blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模 [di'dʒekt]demagnetization去磁;消磁 ['di:,mæɡnitai'zeiʃən, -ti'z-] high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation 热传 [disi'peiʃən]rack 上料degrease 脱脂 [di:'ɡri:s]rinse 水洗alkaline etch 龄咬 ['ælkəlain] [etʃ]desmut 剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理 ['krəumeit]Anodize阳性处理 ['ænəudaiz]seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N 料号good products 良品scraped products 报放心品 [skreipt]defective products 不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart 流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer 备品coordinate座标 [kəu'ɔ:dinit, kəu'ɔ:dineit]dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction 辅助功能auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri]基本翻译n. 助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构adj. 辅助的；副的；附加的网络释义Auxiliary:辅助的|助动词|附属的auxiliary projection:辅助投影|辅视图|辅助视图auxiliary function:辅助函数|辅助功能|辅助功能[函数，操作程序poly-line 多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple 热电偶['θə:məu,kʌpl]sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾 [ɡrit]derusting machine除锈机 [di:'rʌstiŋ]degate打浇口 [di:'geit]dryer 烘干机induction 感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder 巡边器concave凸concave [kɔn'keiv, 'kɔnkeiv]基本翻译n. 凹面adj. 凹的，凹面的vt. 使成凹形网络释义concave:凹的|脚窝板面凹下部分，板凹可增加板面强度和滑手动作的杠杆作用。
汉英词典机械类常用词汇
汉英词典机械类常用词汇汉英词典是学习英语的重要工具，机械类常用词汇是其中不可或缺的一部分。
机械类是应用广泛的领域，它涉及到工业、农业、制造业等多个方面，其中有很多常用词汇需要掌握。
以下是一些机械类常用词汇的介绍：1. machine（机器）- machine是机械类中最基本的词汇，它可以用来指称任何一种机器。
例如：a washing machine（洗衣机）、a drilling machine（钻孔机）等。
2. equipment（设备）- equipment通常用于指称一台或几台机器的集合体，例如：a set of equipment（设备套装）。
3. tool（工具）- tool是机器中必不可少的部分，用于完成各种不同的工作。
例如：a screwdriver（螺丝刀）、a chisel（凿子）等。
4. part（部件）- part指机器中不同的部分，例如：a motor （发动机）、a cog（齿轮）等。
5. mechanism（机构）- mechanism用于描述一个机器的内在结构和运作原理，例如：the mechanism of a camera（相机的机构）。
6. engine（发动机）- engine主要用于描述重型机械中的动力系统，例如：a diesel engine（柴油机）。
7. transmission（传输）- transmission用于描述机器中信息、物质或能量的传输过程，例如：a power transmission（动力传输）。
8. hydraulic（液压）- hydraulic用于描述利用液体力学原理驱动机器的方法。
9. pneumatic（气动）- pneumatic用于描述利用气体力学原理驱动机器的方法。
10. electric（电动）- electric用于描述了运用电力驱动机器的方法，如电机（electric motor）、电锯（electric saw）等。
剥壳(去皮)机械设备安全操作规程
剥壳(去皮)机械设备安全操作规程前言剥壳(去皮)机械设备是一种常用的农业机械设备，能够帮助农民在农作物的剥壳(去皮)过程中提高工作效率。
然而，由于该设备具有一定的危险性，如果不按照正确的操作流程进行操作，可能会导致严重的伤害事故。
因此，本文旨在通过制定安全操作规程，帮助操作人员正确使用剥壳(去皮)机械设备，确保其安全操作及使用。
机器基础知识机器构造剥壳(去皮)机械设备由上部分、中部分、下部分和电机组成。
其中，上部分包括主轴、振动器、剥壳(去皮)滚筒等部分；中部分包括传动轴、传动齿轮等部分；下部分包括机架、轮胎等部分。
机器工作原理当加工的物料进入机器时，剥壳(去皮)滚筒开始旋转，将物料从中间逼出到加壳区域，然后加工或剥皮削壳。
安全注意事项1. 使用前必须仔细检查机器各部位是否安装牢固，有无松动、破损等情况。
2. 操作前需清空机器，确保内部没有残余物料，避免产生危险。
3. 操作人员在机器作业时，应该戴上手套、口罩等防护用品，防范危险。
4. 机器操作过程中遇到异常情况，如机器异常震动、异响、电源故障等，应立即停机，检查原因并进行处理。
5. 操作人员在操作过程中，切勿将身体部位靠近机器滚筒或传动齿轮处。
操作流程1.准备工作1.1 操作人员需先仔细阅读机器的使用说明书，熟悉并理解机器构造和工作原理。
1.2 确保机器周围的工作环境清洁、整齐、光线充足。
1.3 根据需要调整机器的工作位置，确保机器稳固安装。
2.开机前检查2.1 检查电源插座是否接地，电源是否接通。
2.2 检查机器是否清洁干净，机器内部是否有残留物料。
2.3 检查机器各零部件是否安装牢固，有无松动、破损等情况。
2.4 勾上电机接线盒连接电源，确认电机是否悬空于地面上。
3.操作流程3.1 打开电源开关，按顺序操作机器，使其正常启动。
3.2 等待几分钟，确保机器正常运转后，再开始操作。
3.3 将待加工物料放入料斗中，注意不要过量装载，以免机器过载。
包皮机中英文说明书
包皮机说明书1、包皮机简介：本机器为本工厂自己设计制作，机器的主要作用就是为了安装包皮料的模具，生产眼镜盒所用的。
2、机器的构造：本机器为半自动气动机械，分别主要由气缸，温控器，金属架工作台，气压电磁阀配件组成。
机器由人工手动操作，其构造简单，使用灵活，工作效率高等特点。
3、模具为自动包皮模具，主要起精确定位固定作用，可灵活更换，工人操作需要经过专业培训。
4、维修保养：每次开始正式工作前，都要先检查固定模具的固定架有没有因为长时间使用而出现松动，一旦发现出现松动，应立即叫技术人员先将模具固定，再交给工作人员使用，防止出现意外受伤事故。
额定电压：220V/50HZ额定功率：400W工作气压：8kgp/cm²外形尺寸：1000*60*1500mm²重量：150kgThe Instructions1、IntroductionThe machine,designed by our factory,is made to set up the molds,which is used for cover the iron cases by leather.2、Machine constructionThe machine is a semi-automatic one,powered by air pressure. It is composed by air cylinder, temperature controller,workbench,magnetic valves. The workers can easily handle it by manual manipulation. People can work it out easily and soon.3、About the moldsThe molds is used for cover the iron cases in the right place by leather. They can be replace easily.4、MaintenanceBefore using the machines,people should check whether the mold is loose or not. The mold has to be screw up when finding it out is loose.Rated voltage: 220V/50HZRated power:400wWorking air pressure:8kgp/cm²Dimension:1000*60*1500mm²Weight:150kg。
施工机械英文简介
建筑施工机械设备英文简介Glossary for Construction MachineryBulldozer 推土机Bulldozer is a heavy driver operated machine used for grading and clearing lands. It is fitted with dozer blade and is usually mounted on tracks.Crawlers 履带Crawler is a track on which vehicles are mounted. Crawler helps the vehicle to operate in tough geographical condition.Conveyor Belt 输送带Conveyor belts are the belts that are used for moving industrial and agricultural products. It consists of two pulleys with continuous loop of materials that rotates about them.Compactors Machineries压实机used for reducing the size of the waste materials through compaction is called as compactors. There are different types of compactors like soil compactors, asphalt compactors, plate compactors, vibratory plate compactors, etc.Dumpers 翻斗车Dumper is a small vehicle usually diesel powered usually used to carry heavy materials to various construction sites like roads, buildings, ports etc.Earth Moving Machines 挖掘设备Earth moving machines are those heavy and light machines that are used for various civil engineering and construction projects. The popular earth moving machines are excavators, loaders, cranes, bulldozers etc.Excavators 挖掘机Excavators are multi usage vehicles that are used for excavating, digging, loading of materials and small demolition. It has a replaceable buckets which can be replaced by auger, grapples, breakers and are generally mounted on the track.Fork Lift叉车Fork lift is an industrial vehicle which is mainly applied for lifting and moving materials through steel forks which is inserted under the loads. Forklift moves the loads which are stored on pallets.Gantry Cranes 起重机Gantry cranes are heavy machines that are used for moving heavy loads. Gantry cranes can be of different types like single girder, double girder, double leg, single leg, and cantilever styles for indoor or outdoor service.Girder 撑柱A girder is a horizontal structure that are aligned in such a fashion as to support vertical loads.Hoist 卷扬机Hoist is a device normally attached with cranes and is used for raising and lowering of heavy or complex objects. Normally it is attached with cranes.Loaders 装载机Loaders are those machines which are either mounted on wheel or track and use a wide tilting bucket on the end of movable arms to lift and move materials.Material Handling Machines 材料装卸机Machines used for transporting and storage of materials both within the jobsite and outside, is called as material handler. The popular examples of material handlers are cranes, trucks, loaders, dumpers, etc.Scrapers 铲运机Scrapers are those mechanical equipments which are used for digging, excavating and hauling of materials.Scaffolding 脚手架A temporary framework which is used to support people and material for the construction of large structures is called as scaffolding. It is either made up of metal pipes or bamboo. It helps the workers to gain access to high levels safely.Trenchers 挖沟机Trenchers are the machines which are responsible for digging trenches. With attachments like backhoes, saws and reel carriers, trenchers are responsible for landscaping, irrigation, plumbing and underground utility construction etc.Articulated Haulers 铰接牵引车An articulated hauler is one of the most versatile piece of equipment which is a transition between a tractor-trailer and an articulated loader. The strength of an articulated hauler lies in the coupling and drive systems. Power and drive sections moves independently of the load section due to the coupling system. The two sections are attached together through an oscillating system which allows the two units to move in a rolling motion around its centerline.Articulated haulers have good load carrying capacity and its body is wide and open to facilitate loading from excavators and wheel loaders. They are also very maneuverable to load from fixed loading facilities.Chip Spreader 石屑撒布机A chip spreader is a unique self-propelled machine for laying of precoated chipping surface treatments provides long-time conservation and maintenance of the roads. Roads once constructed needs constant repair as it is prone to wear and tear due to weather influence and rolling traffics. A chip spreader through chip sealing gives special protective wearing surface to an existing pavement. For maintaining the quality and giving the roads a long-lasting effect, stone chipping is one of the most effective method and this is done by a chip spreader.Tracked Carriers 履带运输机Tracked carriers are the multipurpose vehicles used to transport materials from one site to other. These tracked carriers are either dumpers or loaders or any other vehicles. The tracked carrier varies in size depending upon the task they have to perform. Since these carriers are mounted on the tracks they can function in every terrain. Many track carrier have hydrostatic transmissions andhydraulics due to which they can operated with ease even in the most demanding conditions.Motor Graders平地机A motor grader is a huge productive earth-moving apparatus which is used to level a surface. It is used for the leveling of roads and construction sites. The motor grader, apart from hauling road construction, is also responsible for the maintenance and soft grading of cell floor liners.Concrete Batching Plant混凝土搅拌站Concretes are the most important raw materials for constructing buildings, roads, dams and other infrastructures. Concrete batching plants are those plants which uses sand, gravel, cement, water, and other materials for producing concretes. These plants are either mobile or stationary.Crushing Plants 粉碎场Crushing plants are the huge assembly of machines designed to recycle and reprocess the rubbles of buildings, roads, or other materials into commercially sized aggregate for use as base material or another value-added applications. Crushing plants are either static assemblies or they are mobile assemblies and consists of different arrays of equipments like screens, prescreener, intake hopper, magnetic separator, conveyor both undersized and oversized, loading conveyor and crushing units like jaw crusher, cone crusher etc.。
中英文翻译---木工机械+家具机械词汇
Aaccessory equipment 附属设备adhesion test instrument for the wood coating 木材涂层附着力测定仪adz(e) 手斧，刮刀air brake 空气制动器，气闸air compressor 空气压缩机air conditioning unit 风向调节器air nailer 风动钉钉机air operated automatic control 气动自动控制air tacker气（风）动钉钉机air tool 风动工具automatic band saw sharpener 带锯自动锉锯机automatic circular saw sharpener 自动锉（圆）锯机automatic controlled machine 自控机床automatic copy shaper 自动仿型刨边机（单刀）automatic copy shaper(double heads)(with splash guard) 自动仿型刨边机（双轴）（附安全门）automatic feeder for veneer dryer 单板干燥机的自动填料机automatic hydraulic backnife wooden lathe 全自动液压背刀式木工车床automatic loader and unloader 自动装卸机automatic rotary table shaper 自动转台式成型机automatic sponge drum sander 自动鼓式海绵砂光机automatic strake belt sander 自动带式砂光机automatic stroke belt sander 自动（抚摸）砂光机automatic tapping and screwing machine 自动攻牙锁螺丝机automatic turning sander 全自动砂光机，自动圆棒砂光机automatic wide-belt sander 宽带砂光机BBack and arm impact test machine 椅背扶手冲击试验机balance cut-off saw 平衡截断锯Band and circular saw sharpener 带锯圆面积锯两用锉锯机Band resaw 再分带锯机Band saw 带锯Band saw clamp 带锯夹Band saw machine 带锯机Band saw machine with auto-feed carriage 带锯机附自动填料传送车Band saw machine with hand-feed carriage 带锯机附手扒送料车Band saw sharpener 带锯磨锯机Band saw shear 带锯剪（截）机Band saw slasher 多带横切锯Band saw stretcher 带锯滚压机Band saw welding clamp接锯机Band sawing 带锯制材Band scroll saw 细木工带锯，曲线带锯Barefaced tenon 裸面榫Bark-peeler 剥皮机Barking drum 鼓式剥皮机Barking machine 剥皮机Belt conveyor 带式传送器Belt drier 带式干燥机Belt drive 皮带传动Belt grinder 带式磨床Belt sander 带式砂光机Bentwood forming machinery曲木成型机Bevel saw 斜面锯Bifurcated rivet 开叉钉Bit 齿片，钻头Blade 锯条Block plane 短刨Blower通风机，鼓风机Blower kiln 鼓风式干燥窑Bobbin sander 轴式砂光机Body press （家具）装配压床Boring machine 钻床Bow saw 弓锯Brash chopper 枝梢切断机Breathing veneer drier 呼吸式单板干燥机Buffing machine 抛光机Business item 产品Butting saw 截锯，齐头锯CCabinet whole-plant equipment 橱柜整厂设备Carbide tool grinder 炭素钢刀具研磨机Carving machine 雕刻机Centerless sander 圆棒砂光机Centrifugal blower 离心通风机Chain-belt conveyer veneer drier 网带式单项式板干燥机Chain mortiser 插床Chain saw 链锯Chain saw machine 链锯机Chair aim static load test machine 椅扶手静荷试验机Chair back and arm impact test machine 椅背扶手冲击试验机Chair back static load test machine 座椅靠背静荷试验机Chair leg static load test machine椅腿静荷试验机Chair stability test machine座椅靠背耐久性试验机Chair whole-plant equipment 椅子整厂设备Chip board press 碎木板压合机Chip edger 双削齐边锯Chromometer 比色机Circular gang-saw 圆排锯Circular saw bench 简单圆面积锯机Circular saw bench for band feed ripping 手工送料纵切圆锯机Circular-saw sharpener 圆锯锉锯机Coating adhesion test instrument 漆膜附着力试验仪Coating impact instrument 漆膜冲击仪Coating surface impact instrument漆膜表面冲击仪Concave plane 凹底刨Concave saw 凹面（圆）锯Conveyor输送机Copier 复印机Corner locking machine 锁角机Cross cut band saw machine 横切带锯Cup type wheel stone机碗形砂轮Cup wheel杯形砂轮Curtain flow coater 淋幕式平面涂装机Custom 订做Customized solutions 订做胶水Cut-to –size saw 裁板锯Cutting block组合铣刀Cutting head 刀座，刀头Cutting jip 切削夹具Cylinder saw 桶形锯，圆桶锯Cylindircal saw 圆桶锯DDado head 组合刀头Debarder 剥皮机Deck planer大型电刨Decorative tip 装饰物Disc and spindle sander 盘式轴式联合砂光设备Disc planer 圆盘刨Disc sander 圆盘砂光机Door whole-plant equipment 门斗整厂设备Double band saw双边带锯Double belt sander 双边砂光机Double bevel cutter 双斜刨刀Double-edge cutting band saw 双边齿带锯Double-side planer双面刨木机double spindle shaper 双轴铣床Double surface oscillating curve sander 双面震动曲型杪光机Double surface planer双面刨Double surfacer 双（面）压刨Double-swage(set)saw 双压料锯Double thicknesser 双（面）压刨Dovetail machine 鸠尾榫机Dowel making machine暗榫（加工）机Drag saw sharpener狐尾机，锉锯机Drawer durability test machine 抽屉耐久性试验机Dresser 砂轮修整器，砂轮刀Drop test machine 跌落试验机Drum barker 滚筒剥皮机Drum sander 滚筒砂光机Drunken saw 摇摆（圆）锯Dust cleaner conveyor 粉尘清除输送机Dust collector 集尘器KKitchen block /kitchen rock 厨房地砖Kitchen cabinet 餐具柜Kitchen chair, stool and bench 厨房椅、圆凳及条椅Kitchen fitment 厨房固定家具Kitchen table 厨房餐桌Kitchen unit 厨房成套家具LLamp table 灯桌Lath grid 板条格Ledged door 直板门Link chair 写字板椅Living room furniture 起居室家具Locker 衣帽柜Lounge furniture 客厅家具Louvered door 百叶窗柜门Lowback executive chair 低背办公椅Lowback guest chair 低背来宾椅Lowback visitor chair 低背接待椅MManagerial mediumback chair 中背经理椅Margined flush door 镶边平板门Mattress 床垫，席梦思Mediumback executive chair 中背办公椅Metal furniture金属家具Mirror door 玻璃门Mirror for chest of drawers 多屉柜梳妆镜Multi-purpose sofa 多用沙发Multi-purpose table 多用桌NNest 茶几OOccasional table 休闲桌Office furniture 办公家具Office seating 办公座椅Office table 办公桌artition wall 隔断embroke table 折面桌lanters chair 园艺工用椅lastic furniture 塑料家具lay furniture 娱乐家具residential highback chair 高背办公椅ull-out table 伸缩餐具RRattan furniture 藤家具Recliner 躺椅Refectory table长餐桌Rocking chair 摇摆椅Rotary chair 转椅Rustic style furniture 乡村风格家具SSchool table 课桌Screen 屏风Seat痤椅Seating element 痤垫Secretarial chair 秘书椅3-section mirror 三面梳妆镜semi-CKD 半拆装家具serving table送餐桌shelving combination。
外文翻译--马铃薯研磨去皮机中文版
外文翻译--马铃薯研磨去皮机中文版马铃薯研磨去皮机摘要不管任何形式的马铃薯加工，去皮都是一项重要的操作环节。
因此，根据不同需求，开发了一系列的马铃薯去皮机。
它们的性能也被不断的评估。
马铃薯研磨去皮机的主要部件由去皮鼓和喷水管组成。
去皮鼓安装在工作圆筒内表面的突起处，它主要靠旋转产生与马铃薯的摩擦力从而达到去皮的目地。
而喷水管喷洒出水来冲洗去皮后的马铃薯，同时皮屑经过排渣管随水流一并流出工作圆筒。
去皮机的生产能力是100kg/h，损耗率是78%—6%之间。
一台附带电动机的马铃薯研磨去皮机的售价大致为250美元。
它适合薯片和其它产品的小型去皮加工。
去皮加工一吨马铃薯的加工费用只需3.85美元。
符号标志D 物料的当量直径(mm) epL,B,T 长度，宽度，物料厚度(mm)去皮效率(,) ,P 功率(,)Q 物料负载容量(,,)r 半径(mm)t 去皮时间(min)损耗率(,) ,填充系数 ,简介在意大利马铃薯一年的总产量大约为15.000.000吨。
但由于缺乏合适的储藏设备，马铃薯的实际产量有着不同程度的减少。
因此用适当的加工技术和设备将马铃薯制造成食品不仅能帮助减少每年马铃薯的产量损失，同时还能提高收益，增加农村或落后地区的就业机会。
对马铃薯任何形式的进一步加工，去皮都是一个重要的操作环节。
在意大利薯片是一种非常流行的快餐食品。
为了将马铃薯加工成片状，对它的重要预处理操作就是去皮和清洗。
手工去皮是一种传统的加工方式，但这种去皮方式很枯燥和耗费时间，而且马铃薯的营养价值也损耗比较大。
可是，马铃薯加工产业所使用的蒸汽去皮法也不可取。
因为在蒸汽去皮过程中，环状蒸汽在马铃薯的下表面作用，但由于缺乏薄纱的保护以及各种酶作用的化学反应，不推荐使用这种加工方法加工薯片。
基于以上的各种原因，利用研磨原理的马铃薯去皮机被大力的推广。
基于以上的情况，一系列功率类型的马铃薯研磨去皮机被开发和评估。
这种去皮机的重要性在这篇文章中也将得到阐述。
科技英语翻译专业词汇-机械)
机械类英语常用词汇（各专业）常见缩写：PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code (供应商)识别码SWR Special Work Request 特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号OEM Original Equipment Manufacture 原设备制造N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量VS 以及REV Revision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存ESD Electry-static Discharge 静电排放PCB Printed Circuit Board 印刷电路板OC Operation System 作业系统NC Numerical Control, 数字计算机控制通识词：metal cutting金属切削mechanotronics,mechanical-electrical integration 机电一体化machine tool 机床technology of metals 金属工艺学cutter刀具friction摩擦spindle主轴headstock 主轴箱chuck卡盘machining center加工中心gusset plate角撑板, 加固板rolling bearing 滚动轴承spring弹簧finish machining精加工rough machining 粗加工optimal design优化设计industrial moulding design 工业造型设计descriptive geometry画法几何mechanical drawing 机械制图lathe车床planer 刨床punching machine 冲床drill machine钻床milling machine, miller铣床grinding machine, grinder磨床boring machine 镗床assembly drawing 装配图size marking 尺寸标注technical requirements 技术要求finite element 有限元ball bearing 滚动轴承sliding bearing滑动轴承vent 放气孔, 通风孔drain 排水管fusion 熔融base material基底材料flow instrument 流量计identification mark 识别标志level instrument 位面计, 水平仪layout drawing 布置图restoration修理Blowers排风机Constant Low Temperature Facilities低温室stockpile贮存floor model落地式control panel控制屏blister steel 浸碳钢emery 金钢砂stainless steel 不锈钢clearance 间隙cushion 缓冲pinion 小齿轮finishing allowance 加工余量parameter 参数compound 混合料ductility 延性lubricant 润滑剂final inspection终检rust生锈deformation变形wire coil线盘，线卷work cell工作间trolley台车机床类：3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床boring machine 搪孔机cnc milling machine CNC铣床contouring machine 轮廓锯床copy grinding machine 仿形磨床copy lathe 仿形车床copy milling machine 仿形铣床copy shaping machine 仿形刨床cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床die spotting machine 合模机engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机form grinding machine 成形磨床graphite machine 石墨加工机horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机ig grinding machine 冶具磨床lap machine 研磨机machine center 加工制造中心multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床NC grinding machine NC磨床NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程式制作系统planer 龙门刨床projection grinder 投影磨床shaper 牛头刨床surface grinder 平面磨床try machine 试模机turret lathe 转塔车床universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机gouging .刨削槽Bending: 挠曲Threading: 车缧纹钢材类：alloy tool steel 合金工具钢aluminium alloy 铝合金钢bearing alloy 轴承合金bonderized steel sheet 邦德防蚀钢板carbon tool steel 碳素工具钢clad sheet 被覆板clod work die steel 冷锻模用钢ferrostatic pressure 钢铁水静压力forging die steel 锻造模用钢galvanized steel sheet 镀锌铁板hard alloy steel 超硬合金钢high speed tool steel 高速度工具钢hot work die steel 热锻模用钢low alloy tool steel 特殊工具钢low manganese casting steel 低锰铸钢marging steel 马式体高强度热处理钢martrix alloy 马特里斯合金meehanite cast iron 米汉纳铸钢meehanite metal 米汉纳铁merchant iron 市售钢材molybdenum steel 钼钢nickel chromium steel 镍铬钢prehardened steel 顶硬钢silicon steel sheet 矽钢板tin plated steel sheet 镀锡铁板tough pitch copper 韧铜troostite 吐粒散铁vinyl tapped steel sheet 塑胶覆面钢板冲压机械及周边关连用语：back shaft 支撑轴blank determination 胚料展开bottom slide press 下传动式压力机board drop hammer 板落锤brake 煞车buckle 剥砂面camlachie cramp 铸包chamotte sand 烧磨砂charging hopper 加料漏斗clearance 间隙closed-die forging 合模锻造clump 夹紧clutch 离合器clutch brake 离合器制动器clutch boss 离合器轮壳clutch lining 离合器覆盖coil car 带卷升降运输机coil cradle 卷材进料装置coil reel stand 钢材卷料架column 圆柱connection screw 连杆调节螺钉core compound 砂心黏结剂counter blow hammer 对击锻锤cradle 送料架crank 曲柄轴crankless 无曲柄式cross crank 横向曲轴cushion 缓冲depression 外缩凹孔dial feed 分度送料die approach 模口角度die assembly 合模die cushion 模具缓冲垫die height 冲压闭合高度die life 模具寿命die opening 母模逃孔die spotting press 调整冲模用压力机double crank press 双曲柄轴冲床draght angle 逃料倾斜角edging 边锻伸embedded core 加装砂心feed length 送料长度feed level 送料高度filling core 埋入砂心filling in 填砂film play 液面花纹fine blanking press 精密下料冲床forging roll 辊锻机finishing slag 炼后熔渣fly wheel 飞轮fly wheel brake 飞轮制动器foot press 脚踏冲床formboard 进模口板frame 床身机架friction 摩擦friction brake 摩擦煞车gap shear 凹口剪床gear 齿轮gripper 夹具gripper feed 夹持进料gripper feeder 夹紧传送装置hammer 槌机hand press 手动冲床hand rack pinion press 手动齿轮齿条式冲床hand screw press 手动螺旋式冲床hopper feed 料斗送料idle stage 空站inching 微调尺寸isothermal forging 恒温锻造key clutch 键槽离合器knockout 脱模装置knuckle mechanic 转向机构land 模具直线刀面部loader 供料器unloader 卸料机loop controller 闭回路控制器lower die 下模micro inching device 微寸动装置microinching equipment 微动装置moving bolster 活动工作台notching press 冲缺口压力机opening 排料逃孔overload protection device 防超载装置pinch roll 导正滚轮pitch 节距pressfit 压入progressive 连续送料pusher feed 推杆式送料pusher feeder 料片押片装置quick die change system 快速换模系统regrinding 再次研磨releasing 松释动作reversed blanking 反转下料roll forming machine 辊轧成形roll forming machine 辊轧成形机roll release 脱辊roller feed 辊式送料roller leveler 辊式矫直机rotary bender 卷弯成形机safety guard 安全保护装置scrap cutter 废料切刀scrap press 废料冲床seamless forging 无缝锻造shave 崩砂shear angle 剪角sheet loader 薄板装料机shot 单行程工作shrinkage fit 收缩配合shut height 闭合高度sieve mesh 筛孔sintering of sand 铸砂烧贴slide balancer 滑动平衡器slug hole 逃料孔spin forming machine 旋压成形机spotting 合模stack feeder 堆叠拨送料机stickness 黏模性straight side frame 冲床侧板stretcher leveler 拉伸矫直机strip feeder 料材送料装置tripping pressure 弹出压力stroke 冲程take out device 取料装置toggle press 肘杆式压力机transfer 传送transfer feed 连续自动送料装置turrent punch press 转塔冲床two speed clutch 双速离合器uncoiler 闭卷送料机unloader 卸载机vibration feeder 振动送料机wiring press 嵌线卷边机砂轮用语abrasive 砂轮Al2O3 氧化铝borazon 氧化硼立方晶buffing wheel 抛光布轮diamond 钻石dresser 砂轮整修机dressing 修整endless grinding belt 循环式研磨带grain 磨粒grinding disc 研磨盘jamp up 孔眼堵塞mesh 网筛目resinoid grinding wheel 半树脂型砂轮slitting 切缝量vitrified 陶瓷的射出成形关联用语：activator 活化剂bag moulding 气胎施压成形bonding strength 黏合强度breathing 排气caulking compound 填隙料cell 气孔cold slug 半凝式射出colorant 著色剂color matching 调色color masterbatch 色母料compound 混合料copolymer 共聚合体cull 残料废品cure 凝固化cryptometer 不透明度仪daylight 开隙dry cycle time 空料试车周期时间ductility 延性elastomer 弹性体extruded bead sealing 压出粒涂层法feed 供料filler 充填剂film blowing 薄膜吹制法floating platen 活动模板foaming agent 发泡剂gloss 光泽granule 颗粒料gunk 料斗hot mark 热斑hot stamping 烫印injection nozzle 射出喷嘴injection plunger 射出柱塞injection ram 射出冲柱isomer 同分异构物kneader 混合机leveling agent 匀涂剂lubricant 润滑剂matched die method 配合成形法mould clamping force 锁模力mould release agent 脱模剂nozzle 喷嘴riented film 取向薄膜parison 吹气成形坏料pellet 粒料plasticizer 可塑剂plunger 压料柱塞porosity 孔隙率post cure 后固化premix 预混料reciprocating screw 往复螺杆resilience 回弹性resin injection 树脂射出法rheology 流变学sheet 塑胶片shot cycle 射出循环slip agent 光滑剂take out device 取料装置tie bar 拉杆toggle type mould clamping system 肘杆式锁模装置torpedo spreader 鱼雷形分流板transparency 透明性void content 空洞率锻铸造关连用语accretion 炉瘤acid converter 酸性转炉acid lining cupola 酸性熔铁炉acid open-hearth furnace 酸性平炉aerator 松砂机air set mold 常温自硬铸模airless blasting cleaning 离心喷光all core molding 集合式铸模all round die holder 通用模座assembly mark 铸造合模记号back pouring 补浇注backing sand 背砂base bullion 粗金属锭base permeability 原砂透气度belling 压凸billet 坏料bleed 漏铸blocker 预锻模膛blocking 粗胚锻件blow hole 铸件气孔board drop hammer 板落锤bottom pour mold 底浇bottom pouring 底注boxless mold 脱箱砂模break-off core 缩颈砂心brick molding 砌箱造模法buckle 剥砂面camber 错箱camlachie cramp 铸包cast blade 铸造叶片casting flange 铸造凸缘casting on flat 水平铸造chamotte sand 烧磨砂harging hopper 加料漏斗cleaning of casting 铸件清理closed-die forging 合模锻造core compound 砂心黏结剂core template 砂心模板core vent 砂蕊排气孔corner gate 压边浇口counter blow hammer 对击锻造counter lock 止口镶嵌方式depression 外缩凹孔die approach 模口角度draw out 锻造拔长draw plate 起模板draw spike 起模长针dummying 预锻embedded core 加装砂心erosion 冲砂fettling 铸件清理filling core 埋入砂心filling in 填砂film play 液面花纹finishing slag 炼后熔渣flash gutter 锻模飞边槽flask molding 砂箱造模forging roll 辊锻机formboard 进模口板gutter 锻模飞边槽hammer man 锻工heading machine 顶镦机impacter 卧式锻造机inblock cast 整体铸造ingot 铸锭ingot blank 铸坯inlay casting 镶铸法investment casting 失模铸造isothermal forging 恒温锻造loose piece 木模活块molding pit 铸模地坑pouring process 浇注法recasting 重铸roll forging 轧锻rolled surface 轧制表面rough sand 粗砂roughing forge 粗锻sand crushing 塌箱seamless forging 无缝锻造separate 分离shave 崩砂shrinkage fit 收缩配合shut height 闭合高度sieve mesh 筛孔sintering of sand 铸砂烧贴slag 熔渣slag inclusion 夹渣stickness 黏模性strip layout 带状胚料排样法tap casting 顶注top gate 顶注浇口unworked casting 不加工铸件upender 翻转装置upending 顶锻uphill casting 底铸white cast iron 白口铸件管道、线路关联用语Piping work: 铺管工程Steam trace: 加热蒸汽管道threaded pipe螺纹管seal welding.密封焊接flange joint 凸缘接头undercut 底切feeder馈电线conduit outlet电线引出口seal fitting 密封接头, 密封配件Screw thread lubricant螺纹润滑剂Seal: 绝缘层weld reinforcement 焊缝补强lock washer 锁紧[止动, 防松]垫圈electrical panel.配电板,配电盘nipple螺纹接头zinc plated.镀锌的ring joint 环接, 围缘接合NPT thread. 美国标准锥管螺纹cable gland 电缆衬垫terminal block线弧, 接头排接线盒, 接线板, 线夹power drill机械钻connector. 接线器insulated sleeve绝缘套管wire connector接线器wire terminal电线接头control wiring控制线路motor lead电动机引出线power wiring电力布线tender document．提供证件orifice plate.挡板flange gasket 法兰垫片dimensional inspection 尺寸检验burn through 烧蚀piping system.管道系统erection 架设examination试验cable tray.电缆盘rigid steel conduit 钢制电线管cable glands: 电缆衬垫exfoliation剥落power receptacle 电力插座grounding conductor 接地导体lighting fixture照明器材junction box 分线箱race way 电缆管道terminal box接线盒distribution board配电盘, 配电屏receptacle 插座tumble switch.翻转开关,拨动式开关cathodic protection system 阴极保护系统Circuit breaker断路开关amplifier panel 放大器盘control console 控制台electrical material电气材料convenience receptacle.电源插座cable gland 电缆衬垫control cable控制电缆操纵索normal bend 法向[法线]弯管piping管道敷设tubing敷设管道cable fitting电缆配件elbow.弯管接头main pipe 主管道bend.弯管弯头焊接成型技术相关用语socket weld承插焊接fillet weld角焊,填角焊branch connection分支接续fabrication tolerance.制造容差local heat treatment 局部热处理reinforcement of weld加强焊缝dye penetrant examination染料渗透试验法magnetic particle examination 磁粉检验girth weld环形焊缝cement lined piping 水泥衬里weld joint 焊缝, 焊接接头spool drawing 管路图, 管路详图spot test 抽查, 当场测试butt weld 对接焊缝Random Radiography随机射线照相检查radiographic examination 射线照相检查power control 功率控制arc welding 电弧焊TIG：Tungsten-arc Inert-Gas welding 钨极电弧惰性气体保护焊filler rod焊条tensile strength 抗张强度shield gas 保护气体shield jig保护夹具high frequency generator.高频发电机welding rod 焊条filler metal 焊料, 焊丝shop fabrication 车间制造field installation 现场安装welding bead 焊道both sides welding.双面焊接residual stress 残余应力electrode 电焊条condensation 冷凝longitudinal.纵向的horizontal line 水平线circumferential joint 周圈接缝nondestructive examination.非破坏性检验, qualification: 合格性construction work施工工程welded joint焊接缝焊接节点gas cutting.气割arc cutting电弧切割grind off 磨掉metallic luster 金属光泽Screwed Piping Joints螺丝状的管接头instrument rack 计测器支架tank gauge 液面计flushing 冲洗，填缝solvent 溶剂postweld heat treatment 焊后热处理jig.夹具arc gouging 电弧刨削chipping修琢machining 机械加工bridges.管式桥clamp.夹钳tack welding 点焊butt welding 对接焊grinder. 磨床commencement.开始gusset plate角撑板, 加固板process pipe 工艺管道land 纹间表面opening 开口reinforcing pad.补强垫,增强衬板flux 焊剂wet developer 湿显像剂imperfection 缺陷limitation 限度valve 阀,闸门structural attachment 结构附件tapered allowance 削尖余量tack welding 平头焊接sputter 喷溅scale 废料lateral translation侧向平移weld joint 焊缝, 焊接接头fusion 熔融base material基底材料lead foil 铅箔生产、实验常用词汇intensifying screen 增光屏, 光增强屏pressure test.压力试验film density.影片密度line number行数leak test漏泄试验plate thickness 筛板厚度field fabricated 工地制造的,现场装配的junction box.接线盒flow sheet 流程图vent 放气孔, 通风孔drain 排水管instrument air仪表气源blind挡板pipe arrangement 管配置bus duct 母线槽substation分站flow instrument 流量计blinding plate盲板expansion joint 伸缩接头hydrostatic pressure test静水压试验pneumatic pressure 气压scaffolding脚手架check valve止回阀liquid penetrant examination液体渗透探伤test pump试验泵witnessed inspections 现场检测hanger吊架control valve控制阀,fabrication drawing 制造图纸,制作图schedule number表示管壁厚度系列的号码hydrostatic test .流体静力学试验,水压试验design pressure 设计压力disposition notice 处罚通知书pipe stanchion 管支柱bellow type 波纹管式expansion joint 伸缩接头vibration stopper：减震器WPS Works Process Specification 典型工艺规程piping.管道系统flange.凸缘,sleeve 套筒ferritic .铁素体的identification mark 识别标志stencil.模绘片版,镂花模板stamping .冲压silicone paint硅树脂油漆weld bead 焊缝automatic temperature recorder 温度自动记录器penetrameter 透度计film viewer底片观察用光源civil works土建工程，建筑工程lump sum price 混合价格,统包价格scrap material废料caulking metal填隙合金[金属](材料) application drawing操作图, 应用图cable routing电缆路由选择channel bases沟渠基底vertical panel竖直面板local panel 现场配电盘power distribution panel 配电盘gauge board样板, 模板规准尺anchor bolt 锚定螺栓expansion bolt 伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓field instrument.携带式仪表instrument rack 计测器支架,计测器框架tank gauge 油箱液位计guide wire 尺度[定距]索,准绳name plate名牌, 商标lead pipe铅管take-off valve输出阀sub-header分联箱air header 集气管pneumatic signal气动信号steam trace 加热蒸汽管道electric heat tracing.电伴随加热cable trunk 电缆管道stop end封端fire barriers防火间隔bonding wire 接合线, 焊线conduit box [电]导管分线匣rigid conduits 刚性导管flexible conduit软管conduit entry 导管引入装置平交道口管道组road crossing duct bank Capping ends顶盖末端cable armor 电缆铠装Cable sheath 电缆包皮层sealing compound电缆膏coaxial cable同轴电缆loop test环路测试sequence test.联锁顺序试验lintel beam 水平横楣梁flash plate闪熔镀层anchor bolt 地脚螺栓expansion bolt伸缩栓, 扩开螺栓shim plate 垫板push button station按钮式控制站logic diagram逻辑图。
机械专业英语词汇中英文对照
机械专业英语词汇中英文对照第一篇：机械专业英语词汇中英文对照机床 machine tool金属工艺学 technology of metals刀具 cutter摩擦 friction联结link传动 drive/transmission轴 shaft弹性 elasticity频率特性 frequency characteristic误差 error响应 response定位 allocation机床夹具 jig动力学 dynamic运动学 kinematic静力学static分析力学analyse mechanics拉伸pulling压缩hitting剪切shear扭转 twist弯曲应力 bending stress强度 intensity三相交流电three-phase AC磁路magnetic circles变压器transformer异步电动机asynchronous motor几何形状geometrical精度precision正弦形的 sinusoid交流电路 AC circuit机械加工余量 machining allowance变形力 deforming force变形 deformation应力 stress硬度 rigidity热处理 heat treatment退火anneal正火normalizing脱碳decarburization渗碳carburization电路 circuit半导体元件 semiconductor element反馈 feedback发生器 generator直流电源 DC electrical source门电路 gate circuit逻辑代数 logic algebra外圆磨削 external grinding内圆磨削 internal grinding平面磨削 plane grinding变速箱 gearbox离合器 clutch绞孔 fraising绞刀reamer螺纹加工 thread processing螺钉 screw铣削 mill铣刀 milling cutter功率 power工件 workpiece齿轮加工 gear mechining齿轮 gear主运动 main movement主运动方向 direction of main movement进给方向 direction of feed进给运动 feed movement合成进给运动resultant movement of feed合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting合成切削运动方向 direction of resultantmovement of cutting切削深度 cutting depth前刀面 rake face 刀尖nose of tool前角rake angle后角clearance angle龙门刨削planing主轴 spindle主轴箱 headstock卡盘 chuck加工中心 machining center车刀 lathe tool车床 lathe钻削镗削 bore车削 turning磨床 grinder基准 benchmark钳工 locksmith 锻 forge压模 stamping焊 weld拉床 broaching machine拉孔 broaching装配 assembling铸造found流体动力学fluid dynamics流体力学fluid mechanics加工machining液压 hydraulic pressure切线 tangent机电一体化 mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration 气压 air pressure pneumatic pressure稳定性 stability介质 medium液压驱动泵 fluid clutch液压泵 hydraulic pump阀门 valve失效 invalidation强度 intensity载荷 load应力 stress安全系数safty factor可靠性reliability螺纹thread螺旋helix 键 spline销 pin滚动轴承 rolling bearing滑动轴承 sliding bearing弹簧 spring 制动器 arrester brake十字结联轴节 crosshead联轴器 coupling 链 chain皮带 strap精加工 finish machining粗加工 rough machining变速箱体 gearbox casing腐蚀 rust氧化 oxidation磨损 wear耐用度 durability随机信号random signal离散信号discrete signal超声传感器ultrasonic sensor第二篇：机械专业论文中英文对照Gearbox Noise Correlation with Transmission Error and Influence of Bearing PreloadABSTRACT The five appended papers all deal with gearbox noise and vibration.The first paper presents a review of previously published literature on gearbox noise and vibration.The second paper describes a test rig that was specially designed and built for noise testing of gears.Finite element analysis was used to predict the dynamic properties of the test rig, and experimental modal analysis of the gearbox housing was used to verify the theoretical predictions of natural frequencies.In the third paper, the influence of gear finishing method and gear deviations on gearbox noise is investigated in what is primarily an experimental study.Eleven test gear pairs were manufactured using threedifferent finishing methods.Transmission error, which is considered to be an important excitation mechanism for gear noise, was measured as well as predicted.The test rig was used to measure gearbox noise and vibration for the different test gear pairs.The measured noise and vibration levels were compared with the predicted and measured transmission error.Most of the experimental results can be interpreted in terms of measured and predicted transmission error.However, it does not seem possible to identify one single parameter,such as measured peak-to-peak transmission error, that can be directly related to measured noise and vibration.The measurements also show that disassembly and reassembly of the gearbox with the same gear pair can change the levels of measured noise and vibration considerably.This finding indicates that other factors besides the gears affect gear noise.In the fourth paper, the influence of bearing endplay or preload on gearbox noise and vibration is investigated.Vibration measurements were carried out at torque levels of 140 Nm and 400Nm, with 0.15 mm and 0 mm bearing endplay, and with 0.15 mm bearing preload.The results show that the bearing endplay and preloadinfluence the gearbox vibrations.With preloaded bearings, the vibrations increase at speeds over 2000 rpm and decrease at speeds below 2000 rpm, compared with bearings with endplay.Finite element simulations show the same tendencies as the measurements.The fifth paper describes how gearbox noise is reduced by optimizing the gear geometry for decreased transmission error.Robustness with respect to gear deviations and varying torque is considered in order to find a gear geometry giving low noise in an appropriate torque range despite deviations from the nominal geometry due to manufacturingtolerances.Static and dynamic transmission error, noise, and housing vibrations were measured.The correlation between dynamic transmission error, housing vibrations and noise was investigated in speed sweeps from 500 to 2500 rpm at constant torque.No correlation was found between dynamic transmission error and noise.Static loaded transmission error seems to be correlated with the ability of the gear pair to excite vibration in the gearbox dynamic system.Keywords: gear, gearbox, noise, vibration, transmission error, bearing preload.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work was carried out at Volvo Construction Equipment in Eskilstuna and at the Department of Machine Design at the Royal Institute of Technology(KTH)in Stockholm.The work was initiated by Professor Jack Samuelsson(Volvo and KTH), Professor Sören Andersson(KTH), and rs Bråthe(Volvo).The financial support of the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems –VINNOVA –is gratefully acknowledged.Volvo Construction Equipment is acknowledged for giving me the opportunity to devote time to this w ork.Professor Sören Andersson is gratefully acknowledged for excellent guidance and encouragement.I also wish to express my appreciation to my colleagues at the Department of Machine Design, and especially to Dr.Ulf Sellgren for performing simulations and contributing to the writing of Paper D, and Dr.Stefan Björklund for performing surface finish measurements.The contributions to Paper C by Dr.Mikael Pärssinen are highly appreciated.All contributionsto this work by colleagues at Volvo are gratefully appreciated.1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Noise is increasingly considered an environmental issue.This belief is reflected in demands forlower noise levels in many areas of society, including the working environment.Employees spend a lot of time in this environment and noise can lead not only to hearing impairment but also to decreased ability to concentrate, resulting in decreased productivity and an increased risk of accidents.Quality, too, has become increasingly important.The quality of a product can be defi ned as its ability to fulfill customers’ demands.These demands often change over time, and the best competitors in the market will set the standard.Noise concerns are also expressed in relation to construction machinery such as wheel loaders and articulated haulers.The gearbox is sometimes the dominant source of noise in these machines.Even if the gear noise is not the loudest source, its pure high frequency tone is easily distinguished from other noise sources and is often perceived as unpleasant.The noise creates an impression of poor quality.In order not to be heard, gear noise must be at least 15 dB lower than other noise sources, such as engine noise.1.2 Gear noise This dissertation deals with the kind of gearbox noise that is generated by gears under load.This noise is often referred to as “gear whine” and consists mainly of pure tones at high frequencies corresponding to the gear mesh frequency and multiples thereof, which are known as harmonics.A tone with the same frequency as the gear mesh frequency is designated the gear mesh harmonic, a tone with a frequency twice the gear mesh frequency is designated the second harmonic, and so on.The term “gear mesh harmonics” refers to all multiples of the gear mesh frequency.Transmission error(TE)is considered an important excitation mechanism for gear whine.Welbourn [1] defines transmission error as “the difference between the actual position of the output gear and the position itwould occupy if the gear drive were perfectly conjugate.” Transmission error may be expressed as angular displacement or as linear displacement at the pitch point.Transmission error is caused by deflections, geometric errors, and geometric modifications.In addition to gear whine, other possible noise-generating mechanisms in gearboxes include gear rattle from gears running against each other without load, and noise generated by bearings.In the case of automatic gearboxes, noise can also be generated by internal oil pumps and by clutches.None of these mechanisms are dealt with in this work, and from now on “gear noise” or “gearbox noise” refers to “gear whine”.MackAldener [2] describes the noise generation process from a gearbox as consisting of three parts: excitation, transmission, and radiation.The origin of the noise is the gear mesh, in which vibrations are created(excitation), mainly due to transmission error.The vibrations are transmitted via the gears, shafts, and bearings to the housing(transmission).The housing vibrates, creating pressure variations in the surrounding air that are perceived as noise(radiation).Gear noise can be affected by changing any one of these three mechanisms.This dissertation deals mainly with excitation, but transmission is also discussed in the section of the literature survey concerning dynamic models, and in the modal analysis of the test gearbox in Paper B.Transmission of vibrations is also investigated in Paper D, which deals with the influence of bearing endplay or preload on gearbox noise.Differences in bearing preload influence a bearing’s dynamic p roperties like stiffness and damping.These properties also affect the vibration of the gearbox housing.1.3 Objective The objective of this dissertation is to contribute to knowledge about gearbox noise.The following specific areas willbe the focus of this study: 1.The influence of gear finishing method and gear modifications and errors on noise and vibration from a gearbox.2.The correlation between gear deviations, predicted transmission error, measured transmission error, and gearbox noise.3.The influence of bearing preload on gearbox noise.4.Optimization of gear geometry for low transmission error, taking into consideration robustness with respect to torque and manufacturing tolerances.2 AN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION −TRANSMISSION NOISE REDUCTION 2.1 Introduction This section briefly describes the activities involved in reducing gear noise from a wheel loader transmission.The aim is to show how the optimization of the gear geometry described in Paper E is used in an industrial application.The author was project manager for the “noise work team” and performed the gear optimization.One of the requirements when developing a new automatic power transmission for a wheel loader was improving the transmission gear noise.The existing power transmission was known to be noisy.When driving at high speed in fourth gear, a high frequency gear-whine could be heard.Thus there were now demands for improved sound quality.The transmission is a typical wheel loader power transmission, consisting of a torque converter, a gearbox with four forward speeds and four reverse speeds, and a dropbox partly integrated with the gearbox.The dropbox is a chain of four gears transferring the powerto the output shaft.The gears are engaged by wet multi-disc clutches actuated by the transmission hydraulic and control system.2.2 Gear noise target for the new transmission Experience has shown that the high frequency gear noise should be at least 15 dB below other noise sources such as the engine in order not to be perceived as disturbing or unpleasant.Measurements showedthat if the gear noise could be decreased by 10 dB, this criterion should be satisfied with some margin.Frequency analysis of the noise measured in the driver's cab showed that the dominant noise from the transmission originated from the dropbox gears.The goal for transmission noise was thus formulated as follows: “The gear noise(sound pressure level)from the dropbox gears in the transmission should be decreased by 10 dB compared to the existing transmission in order not to be perceived as unpleasant.It was assumed that it would be necessary to make changes to both the gears and the transmission housing in order to decrease the gear noise sound pressure level by 10 dB.2.3 Noise and vibration measurements In order to establish a reference for the new transmission, noise and vibration were measured for the existing transmission.The transmission is driven by the same type of diesel engine used in a wheel loader.The engine and transmission are attached to the stand using the same rubber mounts that are used in a wheel loader in order to make the installation as similar as possible to the installation in a wheel loader.The output shaft is braked using an electrical brake.2.4 Optimization of gears Noise-optimized dropbox gears were designed by choosing macro-and microgeometries giving lower transmission error than the original(reference)gears.The gear geometry was chosen to yield a low transmission error for the relevant torque range, while also taking into consideration variations in the microgeometry due to manufacturing tolerances.The optimization of one gear pair is described in more detail in Paper E.Transmission error is considered an important excitation mechanism for gear whine.Welbourn [1] defines it as “the difference between the actual position of the output gear and the position it wouldoccupy if the gear drive were perfectly conjugate.” In this project the aim was to reduce the maximum predicted transmission error amplitude at gear mesh frequency(first harmonic of gear mesh frequency)to less than 50% of the value for the reference gear pair.The first harmonic of transmission error is the amplitude of the part of the total transmission error that varies with a frequency equal to the gear mesh frequency.A torque range of 100 to 500 Nm was chosen because this is the torque interval in which the gear pair generates noise in its design application.According to Welbourn [1], a 50% reduction in transmission error can be expected to reduce gearbox noise by 6 dB(sound pressure level, SPL).Transmission error was calculated using the LDP software(Load Distribution Program)developed at the Gear Laboratory at Ohio State University [3].The “optimization” was not strictly mathematical.The design was optimized by calculating the transmission error for different geometries, and then choosing a geometry that seemed to be a good compromise, considering not only the transmission error, but also factors such asstrength, losses, weight, cost, axial forces on bearings, and manufacturing.When choosing microgeometric modifications and tolerances, it is important to take manufacturing options and cost into consideration.The goal was to use the same finishing method for the optimized gears as for the reference gears, namely grinding using a KAPP VAS 531 and CBN-coated grinding wheels.For a specific torque and gear macrogeometry, it is possible to define a gear microgeometry that minimizes transmission error.For example, at no load, if there are no pitch errors and no other geometrical deviations, the shape of the gear teeth should be true involute, withoutmodifications like tip relief or involute crowning.For a specific torque, the geometry of the gear should be designed in such a way that it compensates for the differences in deflection related to stiffness variations in the gear mesh.However, even if it is possible to define the optimal gear microgeometry, it may not be possible to manufacture it, given the limitations of gear machining.Consideration must also be given to how to specify the gear geometry in drawings and how to measure the gear in an inspection machine.In many applications there is also a torque range over which the transmission error should be minimized.Given that manufacturing tolerances are inevitable, and that a demand for smaller tolerances leads to higher manufacturing costs, it is important that gears be robust.In other words, the important characteristics, in this case transmission error, must not vary much when the torque is varied or when the microgeometry of the gear teeth varies due to manufacturing tolerances.LDP [3] was used to calculate the transmission error for the reference and optimized gear pair at different torque levels.The robustness function in LDP was used to analyze the sensitivity to deviations due to manufacturing tolerances.The “min, max, level” method involves assigning three levels to each parameter.2.5 Optimization of transmission housing Finite element analysis was used to optimize the transmission housing.The optimization was not performed in a strictly mathematical way, but was done by calculating the vibration of the housing for different geometries and then choosing a geometry that seemed to be a good compromise.Vibration was not the sole consideration, also weight, cost, available space, and casting were considered.A simplified shell element model was used for the optimization to decrease computational time.Thismodel was checked against a more detailed solid element model of the housing to ensure that the simplification had not changed the dynamic properties too much.Experimental modal analysis was also used to find the natural frequencies of the real transmission housing and to ensure that the model did not deviate too much from the real housing.Gears shafts and bearings were modeled as point masses and beams.The model was excited at the bearing positions by applying forces in the frequency range from 1000 to 3000 Hz.The force amplitude was chosen as 10% of the static load from the gears.This choice could be justified because only relative differences are of interest, not absolute values.The finite element analysis was performed by Torbjörn Johansen at Volvo Technology.The author’s contribution was the evaluation of the results of different housing geometries.A number of measuring points were chosen in areas with high vibration velocities.At each measuring point the vibration response due to the excitation was evaluated as a power spectral density(PSD)graph.The goal of the housing redesign was to decrease the vibrations at all measuring points in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 Hz.2.6 Results of the noise measurements The noise and vibration measurements described in section 2.3 were performed after optimizing the gears and transmission housing.The total sound power level decreased by 4 dB.2.7 Discussion and conclusions It seems to be possible to decrease the gear noise from a transmission bydecreasing the static loaded transmission error and/or optimizing the housing.In the present study, it is impossible to say how much of the decrease is due to the gear optimization and how much to the housing optimization.Answering this question would have required at least one more noisemeasurement, but time and cost issues precluded this.It would also have been interesting to perform the noise measurements on a number of transmissions, both before and after optimizing the gears and housing, in order to determine the scatter of the noise of the transmissions.Even though the goal of decreasing the gear noise by 10 dB was not reached, the goal of reducing the gear noise in the wheel loader cab to 15 dB below the overall noise was achieved.Thus the noise optimization was successful.3 SUMMARY OF APPENDED PAPERS 3.1 Paper A: Gear Noise and Vibration – A Literature Survey This paper presents an overview of the literature on gear noise and vibration.It is divided into three sections dealing with transmission error, dynamic models, and noise and vibration measurement.Transmission error is an important excitation mechanism for gear noise and vibration.It is defined as “the difference between the actual position of the output gear and the position it would occupy if the gear drive were perfectly conjugate” [1].The literature survey revealed that while most authors agree that transmission error is an important excitation mechanism for gear noise and vibration, it is not the only one.Other possible time-varying noise excitation mechanisms include friction and bending moment.Noise produced by these mechanisms may be of the same order of magnitude as that produced by transmission error, at least in the case of gears with low transmission error [4].The second section of the paper deals with dynamic modeling of gearboxes.Dynamic models are often used to predict gear-induced vibrations and investigate the effect of changes to the gears, shafts, bearings, and housing.The literature survey revealed that dynamic models of a system consisting of gears, shafts, bearings, and gearbox casing can be useful in understanding and predicting thedynamic behavior of a gearbox.Forrelatively simple gear systems, lumped parameter dynamic models with springs, masses, and viscous damping can be used.For more complex models that include such elements as the gearbox housing, finite element modeling is often used.The third section of the paper deals with noise and vibration measurement and signal analysis, which are used when experimentally investigating gear noise.The survey shows that these are useful tools in experimental investigation of gear noise because gears create noise at specific frequencies related to the number of teeth and the rotational speed of the gear.3.2 Paper B: Gear Test Rig for Noise and Vibration Testing of Cylindrical Gears Paper B describes a test rig for noise testing of gears.The rig is of the recirculating power type and consists of two identical gearboxes, connected to each other with two universal joint shafts.Torque is applied by tilting one of the gearboxes around one of its axles.This tilting is made possible by bearings between the gearbox and the supporting brackets.A hydraulic cylinder creates the tilting force.Finite element analysis was used to predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes for individual components and for the complete gearbox.Experimental modal analysis was carried out on the gearbox housing, and the results showed that the FE predictions agree with the measured frequencies(error less than 10%).The FE model of the complete gearbox was also used in a harmonic response analysis.A sinusoidal force was applied in the gear mesh and the corresponding vibration amplitude at a point on the gearbox housing was predicted.3.3 Paper C: A Study of Gear Noise and Vibration Paper C reports on an experimental investigation of the influence of gear finishing methods and gear deviations on gearbox noise and vibration.Test gears weremanufactured using three different finishing methods and with different gear tooth modifications and deviations.T able3.3.1 gives an overview of the test gear pairs.The surface finishes and geometries of the gear tooth flanks were measured.Transmission error was measured using a single flank gear tester.LDP software from Ohio State University was used for transmission error computations.The test rig described in Paper B was used to measure gearbox noise and vibration for the different test gear pairs.The measurements showed that disassembly and reassembly of the gearbox with the same gear pair might change the levels of measured noise and vibration.The rebuild variation was sometimes of the same order of magnitude as the differences between different tested gear pairs, indicating that other factors besides the gears affect gear noise.In a study of the influence of gear design on noise, Oswald et al.[5] reported rebuild variations of the same order of magnitude.Different gear finishing methods produce different surface finishes and structures, as well as different geometries and deviations of the gear tooth flanks, all of which influence the transmission error and thus the noise level from a gearbox.Most of the experimental results can be explained in terms of measured and computed transmission error.The relationship between predicted peak-to-peak transmission error and measured noise at a torque level of 500 Nm is shown in Figure 3.3.1.There appears to be a strong correlation between computed transmission error and noise for all cases except gear pair K.However, this correlation breaks down in Figure 3.3.2, which shows the relationship between predicted peak to peak transmission error and measured noise at a torque level of 140 Nm.The final conclusion is that it may not be possible to identify a single parameter, such as peak-to-peak transmissionerror, that can be directly related to measured noise and vibration.3.4 Paper D: Gearbox Noise and Vibration −Influence of Bearing Preload The influence of bearing endplay or preload on gearbox noise and vibrations is investigated in Paper D.Measurements were carried out on a test gearbox consisting of a helical gear pair, shafts, tapered roller bearings, and a housing.Vibration measurements were carried out at torque levels of 140 Nm and 400 Nm with 0.15 mm and 0 mm bearing endplay and with 0.15 mm bearing preload.The results shows that the bearing endplay or preload influence gearbox pared with bearingswith endplay, preloaded bearings show an increase in vibrations at speeds over 2000 rpm and a decrease at speeds below 2000 rpm.Figure 3.4.1 is a typical result showing the influence of bearing preload on gearbox housing vibration.After the first measurement, the gearbox was not disassembled or removed from the test rig.Only the bearing preload/endplay was changed from 0 mm endplay/preload to 0.15 mm preload.Therefore the differences between the two measurements are solely due to different bearing preload.FE simulations performed by Sellgren and Åkerblom [6] show the same trend as the measurements here.For the test gearbox, it seems that bearing preload, compared with endplay, decreased the vibrations at speeds below 2000 rpm and increased vibrations at speeds over 2000 rpm, at least at a torque level of 140 Nm.3.5 Paper E: Gear Geometry for Reduced and Robust Transmission Error and Gearbox Noise In Paper E, gearbox noise is reduced by optimization of gear geometry for decreased transmission error.The optimization was not performed strictly mathematically.It was done by calculating the transmission errorfor different geometries and then choosing a geometry that seemed to be a good compromise considering not only the transmission error, but also other important characteristics.Robustness with respect to gear deviations and varying torque was considered in order to find gear geometry with low transmission error in the appropriate torque range despite deviations from the nominal geometry due to manufacturing tolerances.Static and dynamic transmission error as well as noise and housing vibrations were measured.The correlation between dynamic transmission error, housing vibrations, and noise was investigated in a speed sweep from 500 to 2500 rpm at constant torque.No correlation was found between dynamic transmission error and noise.4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Static loaded transmission error seems to be strongly correlated to gearbox noise.Dynamic transmission error does not seem to be correlated to gearbox noise in speed 第三篇：机械名称中英文对照一、除大块机Eliminates the bulk machine二、齿型筛分除杂物机The screening and eliminates the sundry goods machine三、振动煤箅Vibration Coal Grate四、滚轴筛Roller Screen五、滚筒筛Trommel Screen六、振动概率筛Vibration Probability Screen七、减振平台Antivibration Platform八、布料器Distributing Device九、皮带机头部伸缩装置Conveyer Belt Telescopiform Device十、胶带给料机Belt Feeder十一、往复式给料机Reciprocating Feeder十二、振动给煤机Vibrator Feeder。
机械基础名词中英文对照
机械基础名词中英文对照1. 引言机械工程是工程学科中的一个重要分支，涉及到各种各样的机械设备和工具。
在学习或从事机械工程相关工作时，了解机械基础名词的中英文对照是非常重要的。
本文档旨在提供一份包含常用机械基础名词的中英文对照表，帮助读者更好地理解和应用机械工程知识。
2. 机械基础名词中英文对照表下面是一份常用机械基础名词的中英文对照表：中文名词英文名词机械Machine设备Equipment工具Tool零件Part螺丝Screw螺母Nut键Key轴Shaft齿轮Gear联轴器Coupling 皮带Belt弹簧Spring摩擦Friction 紧固Fasten装配Assemble加工Process切削Cutting钻孔Drilling焊接Welding磨削Grinding润滑Lubricate传动Transmission 控制Control测量Measurement3. 名词解释3.1 机械（Machine）机械是利用能量转换的原理，进行物质加工、运输和储存等活动的设备。
机械通常由零件组成，通过各种运动和互相作用来完成特定的工作。
3.2 设备（Equipment）设备是为了完成某项任务而设计和制造的机械装置。
设备通常由各种零部件组成，可以单独使用或与其他设备配合使用。
3.3 工具（Tool）工具是用于进行手工操作的器具或设备。
工具通常是简单的机械构造，用于加工、修理或安装等操作。
3.4 零件（Part）零件是构成机械或设备的单个组件。
零件可以是标准件，也可以是根据需要制造的非标准件。
3.5 螺丝（Screw）螺丝是一种用于固定零件和组装结构的紧固件。
螺丝通常由螺纹杆和螺母组成。
3.6 螺母（Nut）螺母是一种与螺钉或螺纹杆配合使用的紧固件，用于固定和连接零件。
3.7 键（Key）键是一种用于连接轴和零件的零件。
键通常位于轴上的键槽中，与零件的键槽配合使用。
3.8 轴（Shaft）轴是一种用于传递动力和承载零件的旋转元件。
机械专业分类英语(很好)
机械类常用英语：加工方法barrel 滚筒(加工) bending 波纹加工broaching 拉刀切削centering 定中心cutting 切削cylindrical lathe cutting 外圆车削electric discharge machine 放电加工electrolytic grinding 电解研磨embossing 压花加工facing 面车削filing 锉刀修润hand finishing 手工修润hemming 卷边加工hobbing 滚齿加工joggling 摇动加工lapping 抛光/研磨修润laser beam machining 雷射加工lathe cutting 车床车削planning 刨削加工polishing 抛亮光reaming 铰孔修润rough machining 粗切削rounding 圆形加工sawing 锯削scaling 清除钢碇缺陷shaping 成形加工skiving 表面研磨slotting 切缝切削taper turning 锥度车削thread cutting 螺纹切削ultrasonic machining 超音波加工up cut milling 逆铣加工机械类常用英语：焊接用语acetylene 乙炔ampere 电流安培angle welding 角焊arc 电弧argon arc welding 氩弧焊接bare electrode 光熔接条butt welding 对接焊接camber 电弧弯曲cascade 阶叠熔接法clad weld 被覆熔接crator 焊疤excess metal 多余金属filler rod 焊条fillet weld 填角焊接gas shield 气体遮蔽groove welding 起槽熔接hand face shield 手握面罩hard facing 硬表面堆焊jig welding 工模焊接laser beam welding 雷射光焊接metal electrode insert gas welding MIG熔接nugget 点焊熔核overlaying 堆焊peening of welding 珠击熔接法plug welding 塞孔熔接positioned welding 正向熔接pressure welding 压焊propane gas cutting 丙烷气切割pure nickel electrode 纯镍熔接条reinforcement of weld 加强焊接resist 抗蚀护膜root running 背面熔接seam 焊缝seaming 接合seam welding 流缝熔接series seam welding 串联缝熔接skip welding process 跳焊法spark 火花spot welding 点焊接stitch welding 针角焊接stud arc welding 电弧焊接under laying 下部焊层void 焊接空隙weld flow mark 焊接流痕weld flush 焊缝凸起weld line 焊接纹weld mark 焊接痕weld penetration 熔接透入weld zone 焊接区welding 焊接welding bead 焊接泡welding direction 焊接方向welding distortion 焊接变形welding flux 焊剂welding ground 电熔接地welding interval 焊接周期welding stress 熔接应变welding torch 熔接气炬机械加工常用刀具英汉对照adjustable spanner 活动扳手angle cutter 角铣刀anvil 铁? arbour 心轴backing 衬垫belt sander 带式打磨机buffing 抛光chamfering machine 倒角机chamfering tool 去角刀具chisel 扁錾chuck 夹具compass 两角规concave cutter 凹面铣刀convex cutter 凸形铣刀cross joint 十字接头cutting edge clearance 刃口余隙角drill stand 钻台edge file 刃用锉刀file 锉刀flange joint 凸缘接头grinder 砂轮机hammer 铁锤hand brace 手摇钻hatching 剖面线hexagon headed bolt 六角头螺栓hexagon nut 六角螺帽index head 分度头jack 千斤顶jig 治具kit 工具箱lapping 研磨metal saw 金工锯nose angle 刀角pinchers 钳子pliers 铗钳plug 柱塞头polisher 磨光器protable driller 手提钻孔机punch 冲头sand paper 砂纸scraper 刮刀screw driver 螺丝起子scribing 划线second out file 中纹锉spanner 扳手spline broach 方栓槽拉刀square 直角尺square sleeker 方形镘刀square trowel 直角度stripping 剥离工具T-slot T形槽tool for lathe 车刀tool point angle 刀刃角tool post 刀架tosecan 划线盘trimming 去毛边waffle die flattening 压纹效平wiper 脱模钳wrench 螺旋扳手螺丝产品名称中英文对照(螺丝螺)六角螺絲(栓) HEX HEAD CAP SCREWS(HEX BOLTS)六角機械螺絲HEX HEAD MACHINE BOLTS六角木牙螺絲HEX LAG BOLTS四角螺絲SQUARE HEAD BOLTST頭螺絲T HEAD BOLTS馬車螺絲CARRIAGE BOLTS環首螺絲EYE BOLTS內六角孔螺絲HEX SOCKET CAP SCREWS固定螺絲SET SCREWS螺椿栓STUD BOLTS螺旋椿SCREW STUDS輪殼螺栓WHEEL BOLTS翼形螺絲WING SCREWS自攻螺絲SELF TAPPING SCREWS自削螺絲THREAD CUTTING SCREWS鑽尾螺絲SELF DRILLING SCREWS旋入螺絲DRIVE SCREWS機械螺絲MACHINE SCREWS木螺絲WOOD SCREWS家具螺絲FURNITURE SCREWS塑板螺絲CHIPBOARD SCREWS牆用螺絲DRYWALL SCREWS基礎螺栓FOUNDATION BOLTSU型螺栓U BOLTS勾頭螺栓HOOK BOLTS套掛螺絲TOGGLE BOLTS突緣螺絲FLANGE BOLTS軌道螺栓(魚尾螺絲) TRACK BOLTS耐候鋼螺絲CORTEN STEEL HEAVY HEX BOLTS扭矩控制螺栓T.C.BOLTS高張力螺栓HIGH STRENGTH BOLTS剪力釘(焊接螺絲) WELDING STUDS螺絲附華司組合SCREWS AND WASHERS ASSEMBLED(SEMS) 大尺寸螺栓BIG SIZE BOLTS不鏽鋼小螺絲STAINLESS STEEL SHEET METAL SCREWS不鏽鋼大螺絲STAINLESS STEEL BOLTS銅螺絲BRASS SCREWS鋁螺絲ALUMINUM SCREWS合金鋼螺絲ALLOY STEEL SCREWS電子螺絲ELECTRONIC SCREWS微小精密螺絲MICRO SCREWS塑膠螺絲PLASTIC SCREWS復合材料用螺絲PARTICLE BOARD SCREWS鈦合金螺絲TITANIUM ALLOY BOLTS鈦、鋯、鉬、鈮等螺絲、零件、材料TI,ZR,MO,NB PARE METAL BOLTS PARTS拇指螺絲THUMB SCREWS雙頭牙螺絲DOUBLE END SCREWS HANGER BOLT車輛(汽車)螺絲、螺帽AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS航太用螺絲AEROSPACE FASTENERS飛機特殊扣件SOURCE CONTROL BOLTS拉栓BLIND BOLTS面板螺絲PANEL FASTENERS電梯螺絲ELEVATOR BOLTS四角頭固定螺絲SQUARE SET SCREWS大頭馬車螺絲STEP BOLTS單向螺絲ONE WAY LAG SCREWS管夾螺絲HOSE CLAMP SCREWS不鏽鋼固定螺絲STAINLESS STEEL HEX SOCKET CAP SCREWS不鏽鋼內六角螺絲STAINLESS STEEL HEX SOCKET CAP SCREWS鉸鏈螺絲HINGE SCREWS貨櫃螺絲CONTAINER SCREWS復合材料鑽尾螺絲BI-METAL SELF DRILLING SCREWS三角牙螺絲TRILOBULAR THREAD SCREWS高低牙螺絲HIGH LOW SCREWS夾板用螺絲PARTICLE BOARD SCREWS馬桶螺絲TOILET CLOSET BOLTS特長螺絲SPECIAL LONGER SCREWS建業螺絲BUILDING FASTENERS不鏽鋼六角螺絲STAINLESS STEEL HEX SOCKET CAP SCREWS其它特殊螺絲SPECIAL SCREWS OR BOLTS不鏽鋼特殊螺絲SPECIAL STAINLESS STEEL SCREWS寬牙螺絲（粗牙螺絲）COARSE THREAD SCREWS鏈帶螺絲COLLATED SCREWS水泥螺絲CONCRETE SCREWS板模螺絲CONSTRUCTION BOLTS涞 萁z DIE CAST WING SCREWS; ZINC ALLOY重型車螺絲HEAVY DUTY WHEEL HUB BOLTS內六角固定螺絲HEX SOCKET SET SCREWS復合材料用螺絲（夾板用）PARTICLE BOARD SCREWS犁壁螺絲PLOW BOLTS機(踏)車用螺絲、軸心SCREWS AND SHAFTS FOR MOTORCYCLE OR BICYCLE 針車用螺絲、軸心SCREWS AND SHAFTS FOR SEWING MACHING止付螺絲SOCKET SET SCREWS不鏽鋼寬牙螺絲STAINLESS STEEL COARSE THREAD SCREWS不鏽鋼高低牙螺絲STAINLESS STEEL HIGH-LOW THREAD SCREWS不鏽鋼機械螺絲STAINLESS STEEL MACHINE SCREWS不鏽鋼鑽尾螺絲STAINLESS STEEL SELF DRILLING SCREWS不鏽鋼自攻螺絲STAINLESS STEEL SELF TAPPING SCREWS不銹鋼自削螺絲STAINLESS STEEL THREAD CUTTING SCREWS不鏽鋼三角牙螺絲STAINLESS STEEL TRI-LOBULAR THREAD SCREWS 不鏽鋼木螺絲STAINLESS STEEL WOOD SCREWS套掛螺栓及螺絲TOGGLE BOLTS鈦合金膨脹螺絲TITANIUM ALLOY EXPANSION BOLTS电机类常用中英文对照induction machine 感应式电机horseshoe magnet 马蹄形磁铁magnetic field 磁场eddy current 涡流right-hand rule 右手定则left-hand rule 左手定则slip 转差率induction motor 感应电动机rotating magnetic field 旋转磁场winding 绕组stator 定子rotor 转子induced current 感生电流time-phase 时间相位exciting voltage 励磁电压solt 槽lamination 叠片laminated core 叠片铁芯short-circuiting ring 短路环squirrel cage 鼠笼rotor core 转子铁芯cast-aluminum rotor 铸铝转子bronze 青铜horsepower 马力random-wound 散绕insulation 绝缘ac motor 交流环电动机end ring 端环alloy 合金coil winding 线圈绕组form-wound 模绕performance characteristic 工作特性frequency 频率revolutions per minute 转/分motoring 电动机驱动generating 发电per-unit value 标么值breakdown torque 极限转矩breakaway force 起步阻力overhauling 检修wind-driven generator 风动发电机revolutions per second 转/秒number of poles 极数speed-torque curve 转速力矩特性曲线plugging 反向制动synchronous speed 同步转速percentage 百分数locked-rotor torque 锁定转子转矩full-load torque 满载转矩prime mover 原动机inrush current 涌流magnetizing reacance 磁化电抗line-to-neutral 线与中性点间的staor winding 定子绕组leakage reactance 漏磁电抗no-load 空载full load 满载Polyphase 多相(的)iron-loss 铁损complex impedance 复数阻抗rotor resistance 转子电阻leakage flux 漏磁通locked-rotor 锁定转子chopper circuit 斩波电路separately excited 他励的compounded 复励dc motor 直流电动机de machine 直流电机speed regulation 速度调节shunt 并励series 串励armature circuit 电枢电路optical fiber 光纤waveguide 波导波导管bandwidth 带宽light emitting diode 发光二极管silica 硅石二氧化硅regeneration 再生, 后反馈放大coaxial 共轴的,同轴的high-performance 高性能的carrier 载波mature 成熟的Single Side Band(SSB) 单边带coupling capacitor 结合电容propagate 传导传播modulator 调制器demodulator 解调器line trap 限波器shunt 分路器Amplitude Modulation(AM 调幅Frequency Shift Keying(FSK) 移频键控tuner 调谐器attenuate 衰减incident 入射的two-way configuration 二线制generator voltage 发电机电压dc generator 直流发电机polyphase rectifier 多相整流器boost 增压time constant 时间常数forward transfer function 正向传递函数error signal 误差信号regulator 调节器stabilizing transformer 稳定变压器time delay 延时direct axis transient time constant 直轴瞬变时间常数transient response 瞬态响应solid state 固体buck 补偿operational calculus 算符演算gain 增益pole 极点feedback signal 反馈信号dynamic response 动态响应voltage control system 电压控制系统error detector 误差检测器excitation system 励磁系统field current 励磁电流transistor 晶体管high-gain 高增益boost-buck 升压去磁feedback system 反馈系统reactive power 无功功率feedback loop 反馈回路automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)自动电压调整器reference Voltage 基准电压magnetic amplifier 磁放大器amplidyne 微场扩流发电机self-exciting 自励的limiter 限幅器manual control 手动控制block diagram 方框图linear zone 线性区potential transformer 电压互感器stabilization network 稳定网络stabilizer 稳定器air-gap flux 气隙磁通saturation effect 饱和效应saturation curve 饱和曲线flux linkage 磁链per unit value 标么值shunt field 并励磁场magnetic circuit 磁路load-saturation curve 负载饱和曲线air-gap line 气隙磁化线polyphase rectifier 多相整流器circuit components 电路元件circuit parameters 电路参数electrical device 电气设备electric energy 电能primary cell 原生电池energy converter 电能转换器conductor 导体heating appliance 电热器direct-current 直流time invariant 时不变的self-inductor 自感mutual-inductor 互感the dielectric 电介质storage battery 蓄电池e.m.f = electromotive fore 电动势机械五金工具英语翻译spanner 扳子(美作:wrench) double-ended spanner 双头扳子adjustable spanner, monkey wrench 活扳子,活络扳手box spanner 管钳子(美作:socket wrench) calipers 卡规pincers, tongs 夹钳shears 剪子hacksaw 钢锯wire cutters 剪线钳multipurpose pliers, universal pliers 万能手钳adjustable pliers 可调手钳punch 冲子drill 钻chuck 卡盘scraper 三角刮刀reamer 扩孔钻calliper gauge 孔径规rivet 铆钉nut 螺母locknut 自锁螺母,防松螺母bolt 螺栓pin, peg, dowel 销钉washer 垫圈staple U形钉oil can 油壶jack 工作服grease gun 注油枪机械加工拋光polishing 安装to assemble 衬套bushing半机械化semi-mechanization; semi-mechanized半自动滚刀磨床semi-automatic hob grinder半自动化semi-automation; semi-automatic 扳手wrench备件spare parts 边刨床side planer 变速箱transmission gear柄轴arbor 部件units; assembly parts 插床slotting machine拆卸to disassemble 超高速内圆磨床ultra-high-speed internal grinder 车床lathe; turning lathe 车刀lathe tool车轮车床car wheel lathe 车削turning 车轴axle外贸常用机械英语大全Assembly line 组装线Layout 布置图Conveyer 流水线物料板Rivet table 拉钉机Rivet gun 拉钉枪Screw driver 起子Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA 开箱检查fit together 组装在一起fasten 锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet 栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单location地点present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheet PCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet 库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked 待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet 年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机阀门种类英汉术语对照Air valves 空气阀门Angle Stop valves 角式截止阀Angle Throttle Valves 角式节流阀Angle Type Globe Valves 门角式截止阀Ash valves 排灰阀Aspirating valves 吸（抽）气阀Auxiliary valves 辅助（副）阀Balance valves 平衡阀Bellows valves 波纹管阀Blowdown valves 泄料（放空，排污）阀Brake valves 制动阀Butterfly Type Non-slam Check 蝶式缓冲止回阀Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator 蜗轮传动蝶阀Buttwelding valves 对焊连接阀Clamp valves 对夹式阀门Cock 二通Combination valves 组合阀CQ Thread Ball Valves CQ螺纹球阀Culvert valves 地下管道阀Deceleration valves 减速阀Diaphragm Valves 隔膜阀Decompression valves 泄压阀Double Disc Flat Gate Valves 双闸板平板闸阀Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves明杆平行式双闸板闸板Double Opening Exhaust Valves 双口排气球Drainage valves 排水阀Electric Actuated Stop Valves 电动截止阀Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves电动楔式闸阀Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves电动平行式双闸板闸板Emergeny Cut-off Valves 紧急切断阀Exhaust valves 排气阀Free Float Type Steam Trap 浮球式疏水阀Flange Ball Valves 法兰球阀Flange Gate Valves 法兰闸阀Flange Globe Valves 法兰截止阀Gauge Valves 仪表阀Hand-operated valves 手动阀Hard Seal Butterfly Valves 金属密封碟阀High Temperature Pressure Power Station Gate Valves 高温高压电站闸阀High Temperature Pressure Power Station Globe Valves 高温高压电站截止阀Hydraulic relay valves 液压继动阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Limit valves 限位阀Lining Ball Valves 衬里球阀Lining Butterfly Valves 衬里碟阀Lining Check Valves 衬里止回阀Lining Cock 衬里二通Lining Globe Valves 衬里截止阀Lining T-Cock Valves 衬里三通旋塞阀Liquid Indicator 液位计LPG Pipe Fitting 液化气管件Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves磁耦合截止阀Magnetism Forle Pumps 磁力泵Manual Oil Pumps Valves 手摇油泵(阀)Meter Needle Type Globe Valves 仪表针形截止阀Oblique Stop Valves 直流式截止阀Parallel Slide Valves 浆液阀Pintle valve 针形阀Piping Centrifugal Pumps 管道离心泵Plunger valves 柱塞阀Pressure valve 压力（増压）阀Piping Pumps 管道泵Piping Safety Valves 管道安全阀Plunger Globe Valves 柱塞截止阀Quick Draining Valves 快速排污阀Restrictor Valves 过流阀(或节流阀)Safety Valves 安全阀Screw Pumps 螺杆泵Scum Gate Valves 排渣闸阀Solenoid valves 电磁阀Single Disc Flat Gate Valves 单闸板平板闸阀Single Opening Exhaust Valves 单口排气球Slurry Pumps 泥浆泵Stop Valves 截止阀Strainer 过滤器Submerged Motor Pumps 潜水电泵(排污泵)Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Tank Lorry Ball Valves 槽车球阀T-Cock 三通Thin Gate Valves 薄型闸阀Throttle Valves 节流阀Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves 微阻缓闭止回阀Triple (tee) valves 三通阀Two-way valves 二通阀Under Water Pumps 液下泵Vacuum Pumps 水力喷射器(真空泵)Vertical Lift Check Valves 立式止回阀Wafer Check Valves 对夹式止回阀Wafer plate valves 对夹蝶板阀Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber Itning对夹式衬胶蝶阀Waste Valves 排污箱(阀)Water Seal Gate Valves 水封闸阀Wedge Gate Valves 楔式闸阀Y Type and Cylinder Filters Y型筒型过滤器阀门零部件英汉术语对照Axis Guide 轴套Ball 球、球芯Ball seat 密封圈Blowdown Sealing Face 启、阀件密封面Body 阀体Bonnet 阀盖Disc 阀瓣Mut 螺母Screw 螺栓Sealing 密封件Spring 弹簧Stem 阀杆Stem Mut 阀杆螺母Stem seal 填料Wedge Disc 闸板阀门规范技术英语术语对照Applicable medium 适用介质Applicable temperature 适用温度Butt Clamp 对夹Chemical analysis 化学成份Connecting format 连接形式Double disc 双闸板Flexible disc 弹性闸板Flange 法兰Hoop 卡箍Inside thread 内螺纹Jacket 夹套Mains 电源Material chemical analysis and mechanical capacity材料化学成份和机械性能materials 材料Materials for main parts 主要零件材料Mechanical capacity 机械性能Max. Discharging Capacity 最大排水量Max. Operating Temperature 最高工作温度Max. Allowable Temperature 最高允许温度Max. Allowable Pressure 最高允许压力Model 型号Name of parts 零件名称nitrogen (N) 氮Nominal bore 公称通径Nominal Pressure 公称压力Nozzle 排气口Outside thread 外螺纹Oxidant 氧化性介质Parallel 平行Piping 管路Piston 活塞Reductant 还原性介质Rising stem 明杆Seal 阀座，密封面Seat testing pressure 压力气密封试验压力Socket 卡套Specifications 性能规范Single disc 单闸板Solid 刚性Strengh testing pressure 强度试验压力Steam , condensate 蒸汽,凝结水Stroke 冲程，行程Water,oil,steam 水,温度,气Wedge 楔式Welding 焊接阀门材质术语英汉对照Atbas metal 镍铬钢Buna-N rubber 丁晴橡胶Casting aluminium brass 铸铝黄铜Casting aluminium bronze 铸铝青铜Ceramic metal 陶瓷金属Chromel alloy 镍铬合金CHR rubber 氯晴橡胶Chrominm-molybdenum-vanadium steel 铬钼钒钢Chromium stainless steel 铬不锈钢Chromium-molybdenum steel 铬钼钢Corrugation pad 波形垫Cuprum alloy 铜合金Ductile Cast iron 球墨铸铁Expanded graphite 柔性石墨Fine Steel Casting iron 优质碳素钢Fluorous rubber 氟橡胶Gray Cast iron 灰铸铁Hayne's alloy 钴铬钨合金High tem perature steel 高温钢Monel 蒙乃尔合金Low temperature steel 低温钢Nylon 尼龙塑料Polytetrafluoroethylene(PTEF) 聚四氟乙烯Polythene 聚乙烯Pure aluminium 纯铝Pure cupper 纯铜Rubber graphite board 橡胶石墨板Spring steel 弹簧钢Stainless acid-resisting steel 不锈耐酸钢Stainless and Graphite 不锈钢/石墨Stainless steel 不锈钢Steel Casting iron 碳素钢铸件Shell Test Pressure 壳体试验压力Service Fluid 工作介质行业标准规范英汉对照-加工工艺1 GB/T 780-1979 汽油发动机化油器出口凸缘尺寸Carbureters for automobile engines--Dimensions of outlet flanges2 GB/T 983-1995 不锈钢焊条Stainless steel covered electrodes3 GB/T 984-1985 堆焊焊条Covered electrodes for hardfacing4 GB/T 985-1988 气焊、手工电弧焊及气体保护焊焊缝坡口的基本形式与尺寸Basic forms and sizes of weld grooves for gas welding manual arc welding and gas-Shielded arc welding5 GB/T 986-1988 埋弧焊焊缝坡口的基本形式和尺寸Basic forms and sizes of weld grooves for submerged arc welding6 GB/T 1173-1995 铸造铝合金Casting aluminium alloys7 GB/T 1174-1992 铸造轴承合金cast bearing metals8 GB/T 1176-1987 铸造铜合金技术条件Specification for cast copper alloys9 GB/T 1177-1991 铸造镁合金Casting magnesium alloys10 GB/T 1348-1988 球墨铸铁件Spheroidal graphite iron castings11 GB/T 1954-1980 铬镍奥氏体不锈钢焊缝铁素体含量测量方法Determination of the weldign seam iron element contentin chromium,nickel austenitic stainless steel12 GB/T 2100-1980 不锈耐酸钢铸件技术条件Stainless acid-resistant steel castings--Specifications13 GB/T 2649-1989 焊接接头机械性能试验取样方法Methods of sampling for mechanical properties tests of welded joint14 GB/T 2650-1989 焊接接头冲击试验方法Method of impact test for welded joint15 GB/T 2651-1989 焊接接头拉伸试验方法Method of tensile test for welded joint16 GB/T 2652-1989 焊缝及熔敷金属拉伸试验方法Method of tensile tests for weld and deposited metal17 GB/T 2653-1989 焊接接头弯曲及压扁试验方法Methods of bend and compression tests for welded joint18 GB/T 2654-1989 焊接接头及堆焊金属硬度试验方法Methods of hardness tests for welded joint and surfacing metal19 GB/T 2655-1989 焊接接头应变时效敏感性试验方法Method of strain-age sensibillity test for welded joint20 GB/T 2656-1981 焊缝金属和焊接接头的疲劳试验法Weld beads metal and welds--Fatigue test21 GB/T 2684-1981 铸造用原砂及混合料试验方法Foundry sands and sand mixtures for casting--Method of testing22 GB/T 3180-1982 中锰抗磨球墨铸铁件技术条件Specification for medium manganese wear-resistant spheroidal iron castings23 GB/T 3375-1994 焊接术语Welding terminology24 GB/T 3669-1983 铝及铝合金焊条Coated electrodes for aluminium and aluminium alloys25 GB/T 3670-1995 铜及铜合金焊条Coated electrodes for copper and copper alloys26 GB/T 3731-1983 涂料焊条效率、金属回收率和熔敷系数的测定Covered electrodes--Determination of the efficiency, metal recovery and deposition coefficient27 GB/T 3934-1983 普通螺纹量规Gauges for general purpose screw threads28 GB/T 3965-1995 熔敷金属中扩散氢测定方法Methods for determination of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal 29 GB/T 4675.1-1984 焊接性试验斜Y型坡口焊接裂纹试验方法Weldability testing--Method of Y-groove cracking test30 GB/T 4675.2-1984 焊接性试验搭接接头(CTS) 焊接裂纹试验方法Weldability testing--Method of controlled thermal severity cracking test31 GB/T 4675.3-1984 焊接性试验T型接头焊接裂纹试验方法Weldability testing--Method of cracking test for welded tee joint32 GB/T 4675.4-1984 焊接性试验压板对接(FISCO) 焊接裂纹试验方法Weldability testing--Method of FISCO cracking test33 GB/T 4675.5-1984 焊接性试验焊接热影响区最高硬度试验方法Weldability testing--Testing method of maximum hard ness in weld heat-affected zone34 GB/T 4863-1985 机械制造工艺基本术语General terminology of machine-building technology35 GB/T 5117-1995 碳钢焊条Carbon steel covered electrodes36 GB/T 5118-1995 低合金钢焊条Low alloy steel covered electrodes37 GB/T 5185-1985 金属焊接及钎焊方法在图样上的表示代号Welding, brazing, braze welding and soldering of metals--List of processes for symbolic representation on drawings38 GB/T 5293-1985 碳素钢埋弧焊用焊剂Fluxes for the submerged arc welding of carbon steel39 GB/T 5613-1995 铸钢牌号表示方法Code for representing cast steels40 GB/T 5614-1985 铸铁件热处理状态的名称、定义及代号The designations definitions and symbols for heat treatment tempers of iron castings41 GB/T 5615-1985 铸钢件热处理状态的名称、定义及代号The designations, definitions and symbols for heat treatment tempers of steel castings42 GB/T 5676-1985 一般工程用铸造碳钢Cast carbon steels for general engineering purposes43 GB/T 5677-1985 铸钢件射线照相及底片等级分类方法Methods of radiographic testing and classification of radiographs for steel castings44 GB/T 5678-1985 铸造合金光谱分析取样方法The method for sampling cast alloys for spectrochemical analysis45 GB/T 6208-1995 钎料型号表示方法Filler metal for soft soldering and brazing--Designation46 GB/T 6296-1986 灰铸铁冲击试验方法Grey cast iron impact test47 GB/T 6416-1986 影响钢熔化焊接头质量的技术因素Technical factors influencing the quality of the fusion welded joints in steel48 GB/T 6417-1986 金属熔化焊焊缝缺陷分类及说明Classification of imperfections in metallic fusion welds, with explanations49 GB/T 6418-1993 铜基钎料Copper base brazing filler metals50 GB/T 6967-1986 工程结构用中、高强度不锈钢铸件Medium and high strength stainless steel castings for engineering structure purposes51 GB/T 7032-1986 T型角焊接头弯曲试验方法Method of bend test for T type fillet welded joint52 GB/T 7143-1986 铸造用硅砂化学分析方法Methods for chemical analysis of silica sand for foundry53 GB/T 7216-1987 灰铸铁金相Gray cast iron metallography54 GB/T 7232-1987 金属热处理工艺术语Terminology of metal heat treatment55 GB/T 7233-1987 铸钢件超声探伤及质量评级标准Methods for ultrasonic testing and for specifying quality levels of steel castings56 GB/T 7659-1987 焊接结构用碳素钢铸件Carbon steel castings suitable for welded structure57 GB/T 8063-1994 铸造有色金属及其合金牌号表示方法Designation of cast nonferrous metals and their alloys58 GB/T 8110-1995 气体保护电弧焊用碳钢、低合金钢焊丝Welding wires for gas shielding arc welding of carbon and low alloy steels59 GB/T 8121-1987 热处理工艺材料名词术语The terminology of technological materials for heat treatment60 GB/T 8263-1987 抗磨白口铸铁技术条件Specification for abrasion resistant white cast irons61 GB/T 8454-1987 焊条用还原钛铁矿粉中亚铁量的测定Determination of ferrous iron content in reduced ilmenite powder for welding rod62 GB/T 8491-1987 高硅耐蚀铸铁件Corrosion resistant high silicon iron castings63 GB/T 8492-1987 耐热钢铸件Heat resistant steel castings64 GB/T 8493-1987 一般工程用铸造碳钢金相Metallograph of cast carbon steels for general engineering purposes65 GB/T 8539-1987 齿轮材料及热处理质量检验的一般规定General specification for quality inspection of gear materials and their heat treatment66 GB/T 8619-1988 钎缝强度试验方法Method of the strength test for brazed and soldered seam67 GB/T 9437-1988 耐热铸铁件Heat resistant iron castings68 GB/T 9438-1988 铝合金铸件技术条件Aluminium alloy castings--Technical specification69 GB/T 9439-1988 灰铸铁件Grey iron castings70 GB/T 9440-1988 可锻铸铁件Malleable iron castings71 GB/T 9441-1988 球墨铸铁金相检验Metallographic test for spheroidal graphite cast iron72 GB/T 9446-1988 焊接用插销冷裂纹试验方法Welding--Cold cracking test method using implants73 GB/T 9447-1988 焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率试验方法Test method for fatigue crack growth rates of welded joints74 GB 9448-1988 焊接与切割安全Safety in welding and cutting75 GB/T 9450-1988 钢件渗碳淬火有效硬化层深度的测定和校核Determination and verification of the effective depth of carburizod and hardened cases of steel parts76 GB/T 9451-1988 钢件薄表面总硬化层深度或有效硬化层深度的测定Determination of total or effective thickness of thin surface hardened layers of steel parts77 GB/T 9452-1988 热处理炉有效加热区测定方法Testing method for working zone of heat treating furnace78 GB/T 9460-1988 铜及铜合金焊丝Welding wire and rods of copper and copper alloys79 GB/T 10044-1988 铸铁焊条及焊丝Covered electrodes and welding rods for welding cast iron80 GB/T 10045-1988 碳钢药芯焊丝Carbon steel flux cored wires for arc welding81 GB/T 10046-1988 银基钎料Silver brazing filler metals82 GB/T 10858-1989 铝及铝合金焊丝Aluminium and aluminium alloy welding rods and wires83 GB/T 10859-1989 镍基钎料Nickel base brazing filler metals84 GB/T 11350-1989 铸件机械加工余量Machining allowances on castings85 GB/T 11351-1989 铸件重量公差Mass tolerances for castings86 GB/T 11352-1989 一般工程用铸造碳钢件Carbon steel castings for general engineering purposes87 GB/T 11354-1989 钢铁零件渗氮层深度测定和金相组织检验Steel-iron parts—Determination of nitrided case depth and metallographic examination of nitriding structure88 GB/T 11363-1989 钎焊接头强度试验方法Methods of the strength tests for brazed and soldered joint89 GB/T 11364-1989 钎料铺展性及填缝性试验方法Test method of spreadability and clearance filling ability for filler metal90 GB/T 12214-1990 熔模铸造用硅砂、粉Silica sand and flour for investment casting91 GB/T 12215-1990 熔模铸造用铝矾土砂、粉Bauxite sand and flour for investment casting92 GB/T 12216-1990 铸造用合脂粘结剂The residue from distillation of synthetic fatty acids as binder for foundry93 GB/T 12361-1990 钢质模锻件通用技术条件General specification of steel die forgings94 GB/T 12362-1990 钢质模锻件公差及机械加工余量Tolerances and machining allowances of steel die forgings95 GB/T 12363-1990 锻件功能分类Classification of forging functions96 GB/T 12469-1990 焊接质量保证钢熔化焊接头的要求和缺陷分级Quality assurance of welding—Requirement for fusion welding joint of steel and classification for imperfection97 GB/T 12470-1990 低合金钢埋弧焊用焊剂Fluxes for the submerged arc welding of low alloy steel98 GB/T 12603-1990 金属热处理工艺分类及代号Classification and designation on metal heat treatment99 GB 12935-1991 焊条烘干炉运行能耗标准Energy consumption standard in operation of covered electrode furnace。
汽车行业英文词汇翻译
Traffic 1s1and 安全岛
Traffic Regulat ions 交通规则
Traffic Check 前后左右交通状况之不断检视
traile r 房车
Transistor Ignition System Transit
晶体管点火系统
捷运
transmission (汽车等之) 传动系统；变速器
turn signal 方向灯；转向信号
turn-signal lights 方向灯
Turns 转湾
twin turbo 双涡轮增 压器
sampling gas 样本瓦斯（气体）
sampling pipe 瓦斯
sand blast 砂袋
sand cleaner 喷砂器喷 砂作业
sander 砂纸
saw 砂纸磨光 机、喷 砂器
Tread 轮距
Trunk 行李箱
turbin bleed 涡轮叶片
turbo combined engine 涡轮复合型引擎
turbo unite 涡轮组件
Turn Signal Light 方向灯
turn-signal switch 转向开关
safety goggles 安全护目镜
sand bag 样本瓦斯导入管
volatility 挥发性
Voltage 电压
Volumetric Efficiency 机械效率
Tachograph 行车记录器
tail lights 尾灯
Tail pipe 排气管
tap 螺丝公（攻）
tap drill 螺孔钻
tap handle 螺丝公扳 手
tap wrench 螺丝公扳手
throttle chamber 节气门室
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
附录1剥壳机的介绍1.挤压式莲子剥壳机挤压式莲子剥壳机最早的模型为双辊式莲子剥壳设备。
设备中一辊为带有橡胶层的旋转圆柱体，另一与之相对转动的辊上带有三角形刀刃的多个盘形圆片组成。
使莲子通过两辊的中缝时，切开莲壳。
然而几经实验，莲子仅被刀刃划破了部分外壳。
由于在两辊之间的加工区较短，莲子不可能在其中滚上一两圈，因而使莲壳的切破率大大降低[5]。
浙江大学的郑传祥教授，对于前人提出的挤压式莲子剥壳机原理进行了进一步的改进，从而在此基础上设计了一种更能适应生产实际的高效莲子剥壳机。
完善了挤压式的双辊技术。
利用高速刀具对莲子外壳进行切割、挤压使其脱壳，同时增加了脱壳切割的刀具数量，使其更适合机械该机型可以将莲子按照其颗粒大小分化生产[6-7]。
类后进行脱壳，使莲子生产实现在机械化的道路上向前迈进了一大步。
2.摩擦式莲子剥壳机旋转圆桶式脱壳机是比较早期的摩擦式剥壳机，其在中部旋转轴上装有盘形刀片，外桶固定在机架上，其内壁上衬有适当厚度的橡胶层。
莲子进入后，随旋转轴的带动，在内壁与转轴的刀片中滚动，莲壳在橡胶层的衬垫下被转动的盘形刀片切破，然后从其夹缝中掉出[5]。
但是由于被切破的莲壳均牢牢的粘附在莲肉上，为使莲壳与莲肉分离，还得专门设计一个搓壳机。
为了克服旋转圆桶式莲子脱壳机固有缺陷，在其基础上，6JD-400 型莲子剥壳机设计成三个加工段——破壳段、搓壳段及软搓壳段。
每小时每台可加工70 kg，脱壳率平均为75%以上，出莲肉完好率平均9 5% 以上，且筛分率大于90 %，莲子损害率小于 4 % 以下，但每副刀片使用5~ 6班需重磨一次[3]。
经生产实践表明，6JD-400 型莲子剥壳机性能稳定可靠，自动化程度高，便于操作。
在我国经济中，制造业是国家的支柱行业，占据国有经济的重要地位。
随着制造业的快速发展，机械工程技术也迎来了新的发展形势。
从目前机械工程技术的发展来看，在产品研发和生产制造中，机械工程技术正在缩小与国外发达国家的差距，在某些产品领域已经达到了世界领先水平。
之所以取得这样的成绩，主要原因在于机械工程教育中引入了信息化的理念，不但提高了机械工程的教育效果，也促进了机械工程教育的发展，所以，我们应对机械工程教育信息化发展有全面正确的认识。
1、机械工程技术的先进性特点（1）灵活（2）高效率（3）能源消耗低（4）无污染（5）产品性价比较高。
2、综合考虑设计与工艺的特点在机械工程技术方面，设计与工艺紧密结合十分重要，在实际生产过程中，需要结合现场的工艺进行合理的设计，使设计一次性成功，这就是经常所说的并行工程。
3、全面考本文由论文联盟收集整理虑工业应用的特点对于机械工程技术来说，最终的目的就是提高制造行业的经济效益和社会效益。
这就要求在设计之前详细了解市场，针对工业应用情况进行设计、研发、生产、销售等等，使该技术能够达到理想中的效果，这样的机械工程技术才算是成功的。
考虑到机械工程的特点，在机械工程教育开展的过程中，引入信息化手段是十分必要的。
从目前机械工程教育信息化发展现状来看，主要表现为以下几个方面：1、机械工程教育信息化手段已经得到了充分的运用出于提高机械工程教育质量的目的，在机械工程教育开展过程中，及时的引入了教育信息化的手段，主要包括CAD教学、网络化教学等，通过教育信息化手段的运用，机械工程引进了国外技术的先进理念，形成了对国外先进技术的消化吸收，保证了机械工程能够持续快速的发展。
从目前机械工程教育的开展来看，信息化手段的运用范围越来越广，已经成为了机械工程教育的主要手段之一，为机械工程教育的发展提供了有力的支持。
随着教育信息化手段的不断发展和提高，相信在未来机械工程教育信息化手段的应用范围更广，应用效果更加突出。
2、机械工程教育信息化采用了网络化发展的模式计算机网络的发展，为机械工程教育提供了强有力的支持，不但提升了机械工程教育信息化发展的质量，还提高了机械工程教育的整体效果，改变了传统教育模式的束缚，为机械工程教育的发展提供了新的参考。
从目前机械工程教育信息化的发展来看，网络化的发展模式为其带来了资源共享的便利，丰富了现有的教育内容，提高了教学实效性，为机械工程教育的发展注入了生机和活力。
从这一角度来看，机械工程教育信息化发展成为了机械工程技术发展的必然趋势，为了机械工程技术的提高奠定了坚实的基础，保证了机械工程技术的发展质量。
3、机械工程教育信息化改变了传统教育理念在传统教育理念中，机械工程的教育应尊重书本内容，应以现有技术为基础进行技术研发和技术教育，对先进技术的引入缺乏必要的手段。
考虑到机械工程传统教育理念的缺点，以及计算机信息化的高速发展，在机械工程教育中引入信息化手段已经成为了必然的选择，对机械工程的发展产生了重要影响。
基于这一判断，机械工程教育信息化改变了传统的教育理念，开始朝着新技术引入和新技术应用的方向发展，极大的提高了机械工程教育的实效性，满足了机械工程发展的现实需要，提高了机械工程发展的整体质量，为机械工程发展提供了新的参考。
4、机械工程教育信息化提高了教育效果和技术的先进性通过采用教育信息化手段，机械工程的教育效果得到了持续的提高，为机械工程技术的发展提供了有力的支撑，保证了机械工程技术的发展质量。
同时，教育信息化手段的采用，保证了机械工程技术的先进性，使机械工程技术能够及时的引入并借鉴国外的先进经验和成熟的技术，为我国机械工程技术的发展提供有力的支持。
从目前机械工程教育的实际发展来看，机械工程教育信息化提高了教育效果和技术的先进性，为机械工程的发展提供了有力的支持。
因此，从促进我国机械工程技术发展的角度出发，我们应对机械工程教育信息化手段有深入的通过本文的分析可知，在我国机械工程技术的发展过程中，教育信息化手段起到了积极作用。
教育信息化手段不但提高了机械工程教育的整体效果，还对机械工程技术的发展提供了有力的支持，满足了机械工程技术发展的要求。
因此，我们要对机械工程教育信息化手段有全面正确的认识，要认真分析机械工程教育信息化发展现状，不断提高机械工程教育信息化的发展质量。
附录2The sheller introduction1 extrusion lotus shellerSqueeze lotus Sheller earliest models for the double roller lotus sheller equipment. A device for the rotary cylinder with a rubber roller layer and another wafer with a plurality of disc -shaped with a triangular edge on the relative rotation of the roller. Make lotus by two rollers when the seam ，cut lotus shell . However，after several experiments ，lotus is only part of the blade cut through the shell . Due to the shorter processing zone between two rollers ，which roll on lotus impossible one twice，thus making the rate cut lotus broken shells greatly reduced [ 5 ] . Professor Zheng Zhuanxiang Zhejiang University ，proposed for the former Sheller lotus extrusion principle further improvements ，so based on this design can adapt to the actual production of a lotus efficient sheller . Improve the extrusion twin roll technique . Lotus shell of high-speed cutting tools ，squeezing it shelling，shelling while increasing the number of cutting tools ，which make it more suitable for mechanical models can be differentiated lotus seeds produced in accordance with their particle size [ 6-7 ] . Shelling after class ，so lotus mechanized production realized on the road is a big step forward .2 friction lotus ShellerRotary drum -type shelling machine is relatively early friction Sheller ，which in the middle of the rotating shaft with a disc-shaped blade ，outer barrel is fixed to the frame ，which is lined with the inner wall of the appropriate thickness of the rubber layer . After entering the lotus ，with the rotation axis of the drive ，in the inner wall of the shaft of the blade rolling ，lotus cushion rubber layer under theshell is rotating disc -shaped cutting blade broke ，and then fall out from the cracks [ 5 ] . However，due to be cut lotus shells are broken firmly adhered to the lotus ，for the lotus and lotus shell separation ，have designed a rub shell machine . In order to overcome the rotary drum -type lotus seed sheller inherent defects ，on its basis ，6JD-400 type lotus Sheller design process into three sections - broken shell segment ，segment and soft shell rub rub shell segments. Each hour can be processed 70 kg，shelling rate averaged above 75% ，the average rate of more than intact lotus 95 %，and the screening rate of greater than 90% ，lotus injury rate of less than 4 %，but the use of each pair of blades 5-6 classes need regrinding time [ 3 ] . After practice showed ，reliable 6JD-400 type lotus Sheller performance，high degree of automation，easy to operate.Status of informatization of education development in Mechanical EngineeringOne，forewordIn the economy of our country，the manufacturing industry is the pillar industry in our country，occupy the important position of state-owned economy. With the rapid development of manufacturing industry，mechanical engineering technology also ushered in the new situation. From the current development of mechanical engineering technology，in product development and manufacturing，mechanical engineering technology is narrowing the gap with developed country abroad，in some products have reached world leading level. The reason for these achievements，the main reason is that the introduced information theory in mechanical engineering education，not only improves the mechanical engineering education effect，also promoted the development of mechanical engineering education，so，have a comprehensive understanding of the correct we deal with mechanical engineering education informationization development.Two，analysis of the characteristics of Mechanical EngineeringAdvanced features 1，mechanical engineering technology(1) and (2) high efficiency (3) (4) with low energy consumption and no pollution (5) higher product price.2，considering the characteristics of design and technologyIn mechanical engineering，design and technology combine closely is very important，in the actual production process，the need for rational design based on the process design，the one-time success，it is often said of concurrent engineering.3，a comprehensive examination of the thesis union collection features sorting into industrial applicationFor mechanical engineering technology，the ultimate aim is to improve the manufacturing industry's economic benefits and social benefits. This requires a detailed understanding of the market before design，design，R & D，production，sales for the industrial application situation and so on，so that the technology can achieve the desired effect，mechanical engineering technology that is successful.Three，mechanical engineering education informatization developmentConsidering the characteristics of mechanical engineering，mechanical engineering education in the process of introducing information technology，it is necessary to. From the current development of mechanical engineering education informationization present situation，mainly manifested in the following aspects:1，mechanical engineering education information technology has been fully usedFor improving the quality of education in mechanical engineering purposes，in the development process of mechanical engineering education，timely introduction of the education of information technology，including CADteaching，network teaching and so on，with the informatization of education means，advanced the idea of mechanical engineering the introduction of foreign technology，the formation of the absorption of advanced foreign technology，guarantee the development of mechanical engineering can besustained and rapid. From the current development of mechanical engineering education，scope of application and information means more widely，has become one of the main means of mechanical engineering education，provide a strong support for the development of mechanical engineering education. With the continuous development of education informatization and improve theapplication scope，believe in the future of mechanical engineering education informationization means more widely，the application effect is moreoutstanding.2，mechanical engineering education information using the network development modeThe development of computer network，provides a strong support form echanical engineering education，not only to enhance the quality of development of mechanical engineering education information，but also improve the overall effect of mechanical engineering education，change the bondage of traditional education mode，provides a new reference form echanical engineering education development. From the current development of mechanical engineering education informatization，development pattern of network has brought convenience for the sharing of resources，enrich the content of education existing，improve teaching effectiveness，has injected vigor and vitality to the development of mechanical engineering education. From this point of view，the development of education informatization has become the inevitable trend of the development of mechanical engineering mechanical engineering technology，in order to improve the mechanical engineering technology has laid a solid foundation，to ensure the quality ofdevelopment of mechanical engineering.3，mechanical engineering education information has changed the traditional education conceptIn the traditional idea of education，mechanical engineering education should respect the book content，should be based on the existing technology as the basis for the research and development and technical education，the introduction of advanced technology lacks the necessary means. Considering the traditional mechanical engineering education shortcomings，and rapid development of computer information technology，the introduction of information means in mechanical engineering education has become the inevitable choice，has an important influence on the development of mechanical engineering. Based on this judgment，mechanical engineering education information has changed the traditional education concept，towards the beginning of the introduction of new technologies and new technology application development，greatly improving the effectiveness of mechanical engineering education，meets the needs of the development of mechanical engineering reality，improve the over all quality of mechanical engineering development，the new reference mechanical engineering development.4，mechanical engineering education information ization improves advanced education and technology Through the use of education informatization，mechanical engineering education have continued to improve，and provide a strong support for the development of mechanical engineering technology，ensure the development quality of mechanical engineering. At the same time，the education information means，ensure the advanced mechanical engineering technology，advancedexperience in the mechanical engineering technology can be introduced andforeign and ripe technology，provide strong support for the development of mechanical engineering in china. From the current actualdevelopment of mechanical engineering education，mechanical engineering education information ization improves advanced education and technology，provides the powerful support for the development of mechanical engineering. Therefore，from the promotion of our country。