强调句语法详解

英语强调句的若干问题

（一）英语强调句概论

“强调”，属于一种修辞法，英语中表示“强调”的方式有许多。在一个句子中，我们可以通过增加某些词语，或者改变原有句式来实现。例如：

That is the very reason why I want to apologize to you.（very 表示“恰恰，正是”的含义，表示强调。）

What in the world (on earth) did you mean by saying that? （in the world和on earth 两个短语都表示“究竟，到底”的含义，表示强调。）What ever is she going to do next? （ever用在特殊疑问词后表示强调。）

I don’t like the picture at all.（at all 和not 连用，表示强调：“一点也不”。）

He shouldn’t be blamed for that because he is nothing but a child.（nothing but 理解为“仅仅，只不过”的意思，表示强调。）

The family did manage to send him to a technical school.（在谓语动词之前加do, does, did 也可以达到强调动词的目的。）

I can’t thank you enough. 我对你真是感激不尽。（not否定enough，意味着“感激不够”，起强调作用。）

Isn’t the girl lovely? 这个女孩难道不可爱吗？（否定疑问句的语气比The girl is lovely.更肯定。）

但在更多的时候，我们则使用强调句型来实现强调之目的。It引导的强调句，是英语中最常见、最常用的语言现象，也是英语学习中的重点和难点。在我们课本里面，强调句型可以说比比皆是。例如：

I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so lo ng that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. (必修

一第1单元)

在这句话中，it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for s o long t hat I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.就是一个强调句式，被强调的部分是原因状语从句because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long。

我们所说的强调句（emphatic sentence），有些国外语法书称之为分裂句（cleft sentence）。前者是根据句子的功能命名；后者是从句子结构而言的，之所以叫做“分裂句”，是因为一个句子被分裂开来，成为两个各有主谓的部分。我们更倾向于按照句子的作用称之为“强调句”。

强调句的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。这种结构可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。如果把该句型结构还原，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的一种方法。

（二）强调句所强调的成分

这种结构可以用来强调除谓语动词以外的大多数句子成分，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，宾补，状语，包括名词性从句和状语从句。例如：原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调主语：It was Tom that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.

强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.

强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yest erday.

强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.

强调句的具体使用情况，现在分述如下：

强调主语

主语指人时，可以用that或who；主语指物时，只能用that。例如：

It was John that (who) wore a white suit at the dance last night.

It was a police officer that (who) signaled him to stop.

It was a bunch of red roses that she left us.

It is what he said that I failed to recall.

主语是人称代词时，一般用主格，在非正式文体中也可以用宾格。例如：It is me who am to blame.

强调宾语

如果宾语指人，可以用whom 或who替代that，例如：

It was John and his brother that (who, whom) we met in the park la st week.

It is me that (who, whom) he gave the book.

但是It is me he gave the book to.和 It is to me he gave the book.

更常用，所以间接宾语常常被介词宾语所代替。

强调介词宾语

It was the children that he gave the apples to.

It was to me that Mother gave a new pen. (正式文体)

It was me that Mother gave a new pen to. (非正式文体)