大学英语-习题及答案-大学英语Ⅰ-Unit-4-Schwarzenegger's-American-dream

Passage IAnswer the following questions briefly, paraphrase the underlined parts and translate the bold typed sentences.Schwarzenegger's American dreamBy Martin Kasindorf, USA TODAYWhen Arnold Schwarzenegger was new to America in the late 1960s, the champion bodybuilder couldn't understand why he was failing in his first business venture: laying bricks at the homes of Los Angeles' wealthy. Why was it, Schwarzenegger asked a businessman friend, that he underpriced competitors but wasn't getting hired? The friend said the problem was the Austrian's fractured English. The same was true for some Italian immigrants. So they were told to promote themselves as "specialty European bricklayers." They did and charged higher rates than established bricklayers. The hustling immigrants soon had more jobs than their sculpted biceps could handle. That's when Arnold learned promotion was just as important as skillThrough 35 years in his adopted country, Schwarzenegger has built his fortunes on a well-honed instinct for self-marketing. He has followed the ambitious path he mapped as a dreamy teenager. It has taken him from modest roots to movie renown. Through shrewd investing of his movie earnings, he has assets of more than $200 million. And he has a storybook marriage to Maria Shriver of the politically royal Kennedy clan. Now, at 56, the pop culture icon is using his self-promotion skills in high-level politics.In the campaign's first weeks, Schwarzenegger's strategy was to look good, avoid political reporters, give few details but sound intriguingly like a leader. Since Labor Day, he has reacted to criticism by saying more about state issues. He hasn't specified what government programs he'd cut to balance the budget, but he has issued proposals on environmental protection and campaign-finance reform.Schwarzenegger is still running essentially a celebrity campaign. He aims at the mass market, not at political sophisticates. "He's running his campaign like a movie premiere," says Raphael Sonenshein, a California State University-Fullerton political scientist.Some of Schwarzenegger's TV commercials, on which he spends $2 million a week from a $12 million campaign treasury, play to his macho screen image.As he exploits the advantages of his fame, Schwarzenegger's message to voters is the same inspiration he gives urban kids in the after-school programs he has sponsored since 1990. He is running as the rags-to-riches American Dream.The screen strongman says he is proof that if you're disciplined and work hard, you can accomplish anything.Schwarzenegger told reporters early in his campaign that he will win because "I know how to sell something.I had to sell bodybuilding when nobody knew what bodybuilding was in this country. And we did it. And I had to sell myself as an action hero, which wasn't easy when everyone said, 'Hey, your name is Schwarzenschnitzel or something like that.' And you have an accent. You have this overdeveloped body. No one could ever be successful with this kind of a combination. And I did it, because I sold myself to the American people and the people around the world."Schwarzenegger's mainspring in selling himself is his "almost unlimited ambition, self-discipline and willpower," says George Butler, director of the 1977 film Pumping Iron, which brought the bodybuilder to Hollywood's attention.His drive started early, in the Austrian farm town of Thal. Arnold regularly lost in running and boxing with his older brother. "I think what made me so driven was that I always felt I wasn't good enough, smart enough, strong enough, that I hadn't accomplished enough," Schwarzenegger told Newsweek.'Knew what he wanted'Jon Jon Park, now a fitness trainer in Los Angeles, recalls that Schwarzenegger "already knew what he wanted to accomplish. He wanted to have the best physique. He wanted a nice home and a good family. He wanted to be in movies, and he wanted to be successful at it. And he wanted to be in politics. One by one, he's accomplished these goals." But he has not done it entirely on his own. "He's smart enough to see the virtue of surrounding himself with smart people," Park says, "and he's done that since he came to America."Muscle-magazine publisher Joe Weider gave Schwarzenegger some of his first lessons in marketing. He paid Schwarzenegger's fare to come to America in 1968. Weider's staff designed bodybuilding courses, belts and T-shirts that Arnold then peddled under his own name through free ads in Weider's publications. Hooked on business, Schwarzenegger got a bachelor's degree in marketing, mainly through correspondence courses, from the University of Wisconsin-Superior in 1979."Arnold has always had a keen sense of how to market himself and his movies," says Mario Kassar, co-producer of Terminator 3."He proved to the world a long time ago that working hard to support the release of a film adds enormously to its success at the box office."For decades, politics has been the pot of gold at the end of Schwarzenegger's American rainbow. He told Britain's Loaded magazine in 1999: "I was born to be a leader. I love being a leader. I love the fact that millions of people look up to me."As Ruddy, the Godfather producer, says: "When Arnold Schwarzenegger makes up his mind to do something, there is nothing in the world that can stop him. He may not win, but they're going to know he was there — in a big way."Questions:What did the businessman friend suggest to Schwarzenegger when he couldn’t get hired? What made Schwarzenegger so confident in his campaign?The main cause in selling himself is _______________________.Paraphrase the underlined parts:he underpriced competitors ____________from modest roots to movies renown: ___________storybook marriage: ____________look up to: ___________in a big way: ___________Translate the bold typed sentence from English to Chinese.He hasn't specified what government programs he'd cut to balance the budget, but he has issued proposals on environmental protection and campaign-finance reform.He is running as the rags-to-riches American Dream.For decades, politics has been the pot of gold at the end of Schwarzenegger's American rainbow.For centuries, men and women from all over the world have seen in America a place where they could realize their dreams. We each dream our own American Dream. For some it is a vision of material prosperity, for others an ideal of social justice. Some see it as a living reality, others as a promise still to be fulfilled. These great achievers share their thoughts on the American Dream.J. Carter BrownDirector EmeritusNational Gallery of ArtI am so proud of being an American. I happen to have had a lot of forebears who also took advantage of the American Dream, starting in the 1630s, and were able to take advantage of the system and make very rewarding business decisions. But to me, it has to do with a freedom for self-realization, and that we don't have to be coerced. We have this extraordinary affluent society, fabulous resources, and one should feel that America can offer opportunity to people who really put in, and not simply take.James CameronMaster FilmmakerAs a Canadian, the American dream had a very negative and pejorative connotation when I was growing up, because it was this kind of, you know, cultural imperialism. You know, I grew up in a border town on the other side of the border in Niagara Falls, Canada. But you know, since I moved to the United States at the age of 17, I actually feel very much like I'm probably in my basic genetic nature much more American than Canadian because I really believe strongly in a lot of the traditional values of this country in terms of respecting individuals' rights. The rights to freedom of speech and a lot of the things that are in the basic fabric of this country.Americans, and Canadians even to a large extent, are -- they come from frontiersman stock, so they are people who, you know, hewed their civilization out of the wilderness. It wasn't given to them. You know, it's not like people growing up in Italy or France in the shadow of past glories from thousands of years before. You know, "We made what we have, and we don't have a great cultural depth like they do but what we have is ours by God." And, you know, I like that. I like that about it, you know. It sort of puts your hand on the tiller of destiny in a way and America definitely has its hand on the tiller of destiny for this planet. For good or bad. It doesn't mean you know what you're doing necessarily.Benjamin S. Carson, M.D.Pediatric NeurosurgeonMy mother worked as a domestic, two, sometimes three jobs at a time, because she didn't want to be on welfare. She felt very strongly that if she gave up and went on welfare, that she would give up control of her life and of our lives, and I think she was probably correct about that. And so she worked very hard. Sometimes we didn't see her for several days at a time, because she would go to work at five in the morning and get back after 11:00 p.m., going from one job to the next. But one thing that she provided us was a tremendous example ofwhat hard work is like, and she was also extremely thrifty. She would go to the Goodwill, she'd get a shirt that had a hole and put a patch on it and put another one on the other side to make it look symmetrical, and she sewed her own clothes. She would take us out in the country on a Sunday and knock on a farmer's door and say, "Can we pick four bushels of corn, three for you and one for us?" and they were always glad at that deal. And she'd come home and she'd can the stuff, so that we would have food. She was just extremely thrifty and managed to get by that way. No one ever could quite figure out how she was able to do what she did. She would drive a car until it fell apart, and then she would buy a new car, because she saved every dime and every nickel, stuck it under the mattress, and when it came time, years later, to buy a new car, she could do it. And the neighbors said 'What is it with this woman? What is she doing?" Because our mother was a very attractive woman and they figured, you know, she was selling her body and doing all kinds of things like that. But in fact, she had to endure that kind of ridicule, as well as work extremely hard. But she figured it would pay off in the long run.The goal should be to become a valuable individual, and I believe that that's what success is all about. And the more people we can get to understand that, the better off we're going to be as a nation. And I believe it becomes particularly important when we're talking about America. Because this is a nation that is composed of so many different kinds of people from so many different places. And if you look at the globe right now, and you look at all the ethnic strife that is going on, you realize the tremendous potential for destruction that exists in our country, if we don't begin to channel our energies in the right ways.The American dream to me means that you have the ability to determine where you're going. You have the ability to formulate your dream, and you have the ability to put in motion all the building blocks that will help you to achieve it. And I am so grateful that I was born in America, because I've had the opportunity to travel throughout the world, and I must say sometimes it's exciting to go to Paris, or go to Egypt or to go anywhere else, China. But there's no place like home, and there's no place that really affords you the same types of opportunities that we have. And it's just a matter of how hard we want to work, and I would go so far as to say, in America, you can take somebody who is very successful, who has the right mind set, and you can take everything away from him and put him on the street and make him be a bum, and they'll be right back up there in a couple of years, because all it requires is the right mind set and the willingness to work. And people who realize that are already halfway there, to realizing their American dream.Robert D. Ballard, Ph.D.Discoverer of the TitanicI think everyone is unique. We know that. The only way you find out what you are is by trying everything, and then at some point you take what you are, which is unique. Don't ever try to mimic anybody, because you will only be second best. You can never outshine the thing you are trying to mimic, so don't ever do that. Don't idol worship. Finally, be yourself. Then you are going to be really unique and exciting. People are going to beat a path to your door if you polish your inner self.George Bush41st President of the United StatesFamily and friends and faith are what are really matters in life. And I know that. I see it so clearly now. And so, as they climb the ladder of achievement, I'd simply say, remember what Barbara Bush told those girls at Wellesley: "What happens in your house is more important than what happens in the White House." And it's true. It's so 100 percent true. And that means we -- each of these achievers -- must find some way, not only stay in touch with family, but to help others who might not be blessed with family. To strengthen the American family.Francis S. Collins, M.D.Director, Human Genome ProjectI grew up in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, on a small farm with no plumbing. It was a fairly arduous existence during the winter, because we had stock that had to be taken care of. It all sounds very pastoral. It was hard work, but it was also educationally challenging in a good way, because my father was a Ph.D. in English, and my mother a very talented playwright. My mother decided that the county schools were not a place where a young person would learn to love learning. And so she kept my brother and me at home and taught us there until the sixth grade. And that was I think probably a very important part of my life's experience, because I really did learn how to love acquiring new information.I now think I'm the luckiest guy in science. I have a chance to stand at the helm of a project that I honestly believe is the most significant undertaking that we have mounted so far in an organized way in all of science. I believe that reading our blueprints, cataloguing our own instruction book, will be judged by history as more significant than even splitting the atom or going to the moon. This is an adventure into ourselves. To figure out, what are the instructions that allow us as human beings to carry out all of our biological attributes? I think all of history, and the history of biology and medicine, will be divided by this stunning achievement. Of what we knew before we knew the human genome sequence, and what we were able to do after that. And for me, this kid from the small farm in Virginia, to have a chance to oversee that is just an astounding thing.Francis Ford CoppolaFilmmaker, Producer & ScreenwriterMost Italians who came to this country are, you know, very patriotic. And what that meant was just that there was this exciting possibility that if you worked real hard, and you loved something, that you could become successful, and wouldn't be held down, due to who your family was and what have you. And certainly, in my case, I found that to be true. I became quite successful very young, and it was mainly because I was -- Iwould have to say -- because I was so enthusiastic and I just worked so hard at it.Sam DonaldsonABC News CorrespondentNow, my goal when I came to Washington was to some day, some day, earn $10,000 a year. I thought if I could earn $10,000 a year I could write back to El Paso, Texas and say, "Look at me." I've done a little better than that. But I guess my point is, there was no money in the news business when I started in it. That was not the goal, to make money. And I never thought about being famous. It didn't occur to me that that was going to happen to me. I simply enjoyed the work. I think people ought to think about their goals, not in terms of, "I'm going to make millions of dollars," or "I'm going to win the Nobel Prize," if you're a scientist, or "I'm going to win an Oscar," if you're an actor. You think in terms of what you'd like to accomplish in your field, what you'd like to do. And then, if you're lucky enough to be able to do that, these things may come, or they may not. But they're not the goal. It's something else that's the goal. And then material benefits, or other so-called benefits, will flow from that.Questions1.What leads to these people’s success according to what they tell about their experience?2.What impressed you most?3.Can you retell stories of some people mentioned above?4.Have you got some new understanding about America the country and American Dream?5.本文档部分内容来源于网络，如有内容侵权请告知删除，感谢您的配合！6.7.。