主谓一致讲解与练习(答案)
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主谓一致
【主谓一致命题趋势与预测】
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为: 1. 语法一致的原则 2. 意义一致的原则 3. 邻近一致的原则
谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法 一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
在英语中,谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致,叫做主谓一致。通常采用下列三个原则来处理, 即:语法形式一致的原则、逻辑意义一致的原则、就近(或毗邻)一致的原则。
一、语法形式一致的原则
即在语法形式上取得一致。如:主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也采用复数形 式。但须注意下列几种情况:
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 例句: What you n eed most is to have a good sleep.
你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
How you can get there is a problem.
你怎么至U 那儿去还是个问题。
[注意:]由what 引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是 复数或what 从句是一个带
有复数意义的并列结构”时,主句的谓语动词用复数 。
例如: What I bought were three En glish books.
我买的是三本英语书。
What we badly n eed here are experie need teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的教师。
【考例】As the saying ________ ,"Where there is a will; there is a way."[ 昆明市]
A. go
B. goes
C. going
D. went
[答案]B .[解析]the saying 为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词用 goes 。
2、由and 或both...and 来连接并列主语时,谓语用复数。 例句: Swim ming and walk ing are good exercises.
游泳和散步都是好运动。
Both Joh n and Ann have got pe n-frien ds. 约翰和安都有笔友。
1)并列主语如果表示同一个人、 同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式(这时and 后的名词前没有冠词) 例如: The man ager and secretary was abse nt at the meet ing. 经理兼书记没有出席会议。
Their teacher and frie nd is Mr. Li. 他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
[注意]在“more than one +单数名词"作主语时,若在There be 句型中,亦可用复数。
例如: There is/are more tha n one man here.
这儿不止一个人。
【考例】 Trees and flowers ________ every year to make our country more beautiful.[ 陕西省]
3、如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有 (together) with , as well as , like , but , except , besides , including , no less than ,
rather than , as much as , more than , along with , in addition to 等介词短语,其谓语动词仍用 单数形式;若主语为复数,则谓语动词也用复数。
例如: An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.
2)由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被 no , each
用单数形式。
例如: Each man and each woma n is asked to help.
Many a student is having practice in that factory. More tha n one stude nt is in terested in the book.
, every 或 many a , more than one 修饰时,其谓语动词 每
个男士和妇女都被请来帮忙。
许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。 A. is pla nted B. was pla nted [解析]every year 说明本句表示一般现在时的概念,去掉 C. are pla nted D. were pla nted
B 、D 项;trees and flowers 表达复数意义,答案:C
Mary as well as her friends likes this pai ntin g. 玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter. She,
除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
like you and Tom, is very tall. 像你和汤姆那样她很高。
Every one knows smok ing cigarettes is bad for health. 大家都知道吸烟不禾U于身体健康。
5. 不定代词none以及由"none of +复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时,谓语用单复数均可。例如:Neither of them have replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
Neither of them has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
6、在定语从句中,关系代词that, who , which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数,应与句中先行词的数一致。
例如:The horse which is tied to the tree belo ngs to Joh n. 拴在树上的那匹马是约翰的。
Those who want to go on a journey please sig n your n ame here. 要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
[注意]在以“one of the+复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但如果“one of
the +复数名词"这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时,其从句的谓语动词用单数。
例如:This is one of the questio ns that have bee n asked by the stude nts. 这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
He is the only one of the officers who was in vited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收至U邀请的人。
7、“ a lot of (lots of) , plenty of , a head of , heaps of , the rest (majority )of , some (many , anymore , most , all等)of + +名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。
例如:Most of the stude nts in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Lots of damage was caused by smok ing. 许多损害是由吸烟弓丨起的。
注意:1)all单独作主语表示人”时,谓语用复数;表示整个事件或事情”时,谓语用单数。
例句:All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)All is well. 一切都好。(表示整个事情或情况)
注意:2)“a number of+复数名词”乍主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“The number of+复数名词"作主语时,谓
语动词用单数形式。
例如:A number of stude nts in our class are out by the lake. 我们班有些学生到湖边去了。
The number of students in our school is 2500. 我们学校的学生人数是2500 名。
【考例】Look! There _______ p laying with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2008 包头)
A. are a nu mber of deer
B. are a nu mber of deers
C. is a nu mber of deer
D. is a nu mber of deers
答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是 a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
8、由分数或百分数+of +名词(或代词)”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语要与of后面的名词(短语)保持一致。
例如:Two thirds of the cou ntry is dry or desert. 这个国家的三分之二的地方气候干燥或者是沙漠地区。
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water. 地球70% 的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls. 我们班的30% 是女生。
9、如果主语是由“ a kind of,或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of , a pair of 等+ 名词"构成谓语动词通
常用单数形式。
例如:This kind of men is dan gerous. 这种人是危险的。
That kind of sn ake/s nakes is dan gerous. 那种蛇很危险。