研究生英语一2000-2004真题翻译和作文详解

考研翻译的命题原则:

1、所选择的体裁偏向于专业领域的学术文献

2、所选择的话题偏向文科、社会科学领域

3、划线的长度为30个单词左右，总长度为150个单词

考研翻译的评分标准=翻译标准=检查译文标准

准确：大意相同

通顺：说人话（准确是通顺的前提）

完整：要成句

翻译的方法：直接为主（直接翻译），适当意译（把意思说出来）（一句话4分钟）

考研翻译的步骤：

1、通读全句，查找连接（when，and）

2、分析成分，划分意群（前两步骤1分钟）

3、选择词义，适当草稿(看1分钟就动笔写)

读：多读汉语

4、调整通顺，书写译文（次序调整，词义选择）碰到生词：造句，填空，根据前后句

遇到多义词：同义替换

Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation(2000)

Directions:

Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community. 31）Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 32）Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of

international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.

33）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example, 34）in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned. 35）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect. ［390 words］

Part ⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation

一、核心词汇注释

act on

*1.按……行动，奉行例：act on principles 根据原则办事 2.对……起作用，影响例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。

build up

1.吹捧，赞扬，宣传例：You have to build kids up—make them feel important. 你必须表扬孩子——让他们觉得自己重要。

2.使（某人）逐步恢复体力（尤指病后）例：Build your mother up with nourishing food. 让你母亲吃点营养食品好逐步恢复体力。*

3.（使）增加，（使）增强，（使）扩大例：build up one’s confidence/huge stockpiles of arms 增强信心/大量增加武器贮备

compel

vt.*1.强迫，迫使某人做某事例：reports that children were compelled to participate in bizarre rituals 关于孩子们被迫参加古怪仪式的报道2.激起，使产生（某种感情、态度）例：His courage compels universal admiration. 他的勇气不禁令人肃然起敬。

rate

n. ［C］*1.速度，速率例：Children learn at different rates.儿童学东西有快有慢。 2.the number of times sth happens or the number of examples of sth within a certain period比率，率，数量例：birth/unemployment/crime rate出生/失业/离婚