朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(澳大利亚的文化生活)
英语国家社会与文化入门课后题答案
澳大利亚上册15单元1. What are the unique features of the Australian continent?答：Isolated from other major land masses, Australia’s distinctive flora and fauna evolved through its long period as an island continent.2 Discuss the social and cultural values embodied in theDreaming.讨论社会和文化价值在做梦中的体现Membership in a particular language group was of great social and cultural significance. Traditionally, languages belong to tracts of country which, in the belief system of the Dreaming, have been put in their places by Dreamtime creator figures.3. Why does the author say that ‘In most of the languages there is no distinction between the words for “belief”,”law” and “knowledge”? Do you think it’s true in your own language?The sacred creation stories are not only explanations about how the country came to be formed, they also provide principles of how people should live and interact with others, especially with whom they may or may not intermarry.4. (1)What do you know about Zheng He’s voyages in the 15th century?(2)Do you think his fleet got to the northern part of Australia?(3)Why?答：(1)Yes. (2)Yes.(3) In 1405, Zhu Di the Ming emperor commissioned his admiral ZhengHe to take 317 of his ships to the Middle East and Eastern Africa .Between 1405 and 1433 ZhengHe made seven trips routinely passing through what we now call Southeast and South Asia .I am sure that ZhengHe had gone there ,because there is evidence that several ships from that armada landed on the Aru Islands to the north of Arnhem Land.5. What is the impact of the assimilation policy on the indigenous people?同化政策对本土人民的影响是什么？答：The missionaries on the “protected reserves” set out destroy the culture of the Dreaming and to replace it with Christianity. As the children grew to adulthood many of them had lost both their families and their culture. They were employed as domestic servants or on cattle stations .Young Aboriginal women were continually at risk of rape. Aboriginal people were excluded from the social ,the political ,the education ,the health services and other aspects. Racism was an entrenched part of Australian culture until the 1960s and operated at the personal and institutional level.Unit 181.Do you think the Australia government system is a democratic one? Why? Australia has what has been called a “Wash minster” form of polity. In other words it is a mixture of the US, Washington system of government and the British, Westminster system: the political structure is based on a Federation of States and has a three-tier system of government but the chief executive is a Prime Minister not a President.2.Why do you think Australia adopted the “Wash minister” form of polity? Do you think it reflects the advantages of both systems?The political structure of Australia is based on a Federation of State and has a three-tier system of government, but the chief executive is a Prime Minister not a President.Yes. Although Australia has a three-tier system of government, the Prime Minister and his Cabinet at federal level is the acknowledged centre of Australia parliamentary power.3.Do you think the pluralist form of government is ideal? What are its drawbacks? Yes. Citizens can choose the government and exert their power. This system secures transparency and thus accountability. Pluralism provides for a ready made alternative government. The Australian government system is a democratic one. Australians understand and conduct life upon a basic commitment to different.4.Do you think the government can improve the efficiency of the social welfare and social security services by contracting them out to private sector?Yes. It is being encouraged to focus on producing program as marketable commodities to reduce its dependence upon government funding.5.Is the loss of social capital a necessary cost in maintaining a country’s strong economy? Why?Yes. Both the Labor and Coalition Parties have been instrumental in deregulating the economy. The Coalition is associated with the most stringent forms, and the Labor Party is aligned with a political program.As citizens, Australians today are debating whether the loss of “social capital”---the cut-backs of public spending on education, health and the public broadcaster---is a necessary cost in maintaining Australia’s position as one of the “strong” economies in global league tables. However, the Coalition is associated with the most stringent forms of economic rationalism especially with making a balanced budget the programmer focusing more on the balance between social and economic aspects of Australian life. Unit 201.Why do you think there was strong racism against Chinese and Pacific Islanders in Australia in the late 19th century?The Chinese constituted the third largest group and were subjected to racism at many levels. They were the target of physical attacks. Pacific Islanders were kidnapped by the “Blackbirder’s”.2.Do you think Multiculturalism enables migrants from other countries to have equality? Why?Yes. Multiculturalism was identified as comprising three areas of policy: Cultural Identity, Social Justice, Economic Efficiency.3.Do you think the aboriginal people achieved equality after Mabo and Wik decisions? Why?No. There are still many social issues of equity that need to be addressed.4.Why does the author say“History, culture and politics, the‘ way we see’ and ‘the ways we act’, are intertwined”?The documentation of the wrongs is now a recognized part of the history of Australia. It forms part of the curriculum in schools.5.Why do you think there are different interpretations of history?Those historians and politicians who want to “disremember” and those who want to reveal the racism that has been part of the construction of modern Australian society加拿大 unit161.Discuss the similarities and differences in the government systems between the United kingdom, the United States and Canada.——Like Britain, Canada is a monarchy. Canada’s system of government is parliamentary democracy as well as the British system. The biggest differences between Canada and the UK are that Canada is a federation, which is the biggest similarity between the United States and Canada.2.What are some of the characteristics of the Canadian party system?——Throughout most of the 20th century ,federal political power has been held by either the liberal or by the progressive conservatives. Then, regional parties began to arise. And in the last decades the political landscape has altered, with regional parties thriving and national parties failing.3What are some of the things that make Canada a unique and interesting country? Pierre Trudeau introduced vigorous programs to promote the use French throughout Canada . His efforts to unite the country were successful to a degree in that many Canadians became familiar with, and committed to French heritage and saw his element as one of the things that made Canada unique and interesting.4Who do you think the author says that Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice?——What Canada policy-makers have tried to do is to find peaceful and fair means to resolve complicated political issues which in so many regions of the world have led to war, bloodshed and injustice . Boring or not, Canada has avoided the worst excesses of intolerance and prejudice that have characterizes many nationsUnit181 Comment (评论)on the sentence “As is the case in other industrialized（工业化的）countries, more Canadians now provide services than make things”.Canada has seen the export of services as being important to the world economy, and has actively pursued the liberalization(自由)of trade in services throughforums（讨论区） like GATT(关贸总协定) and the Free Trade Agreement 。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(考研真题与典型题详解 澳大利亚的文化生活
16.2考研真题与典型题详解I.Multiple Choice1.Which of the values of Protestantism promotes a life style of simplicity?A.Rationalism.B.Individualism.C.Asceticism.D.Hard work and worldly【答案】C【解析】禁欲主义主张简单生活，不浪费财富。
2.Anglicanism is one of the many forms of______.A.ChristianityB.ProtestantismC.CatholicismD.Presbyterianism【答案】B【解析】圣公会是新教中的许多教派之一。
3.The following are the major forms of non-Christian religions in Australia except ______.A.BuddhismB.IslamC.Hinduism and JudaismD.Catholicism【答案】D【解析】佛教、伊斯兰教、印度教和犹太教是澳大利亚除基督教以外的主要宗教形式。
天主教也信仰基督。
4.Ruth Park a New Zealander who spent most of her life in Australia,also won many literary awards for works not including______.A.The Harp in the SouthB.Poor Man’s Orange and MissusC.Muddle-Headed WombatsD.The Man Who Loved Children【答案】D【解析】露丝·帕尔克是新西兰人,她一生的大部分时间都在澳大利亚,也赢得了许多文学大奖,作品包括三部曲：《南方竖琴》《穷人的桔子和夫人》和儿童著作《糊涂的袋熊》系列。
朱永涛英语国家社会与文化入门第3版配套题库含考研真题
朱永涛英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门第3版配套题库含考研真题本书是朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》（第3版）教材的配套题库，严格按照该教材的章⽬编排，共分42章（第⼀部分为英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚，共20章；第⼆部分为新西兰、美国、加拿⼤，共22章），精选与各章内容配套的考研真题和典型题进⾏详解，所选试题基本涵盖了每章的考点和难点。
⽬录：第⼀部分 英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚第1章 英国简介（1）第2章 英国简介（2）第3章 英国政府第4章 政治、阶级和社会第5章 英国经济第6章 英国⽂学第7章 英国教育体系第8章 英国的外交关系第9章 英国媒体第10章 英国的体育运动、节假⽇第11章 爱尔兰地理、⼈⽂和历史第12章 爱尔兰政治和经济第13章 爱尔兰的⽂化：爱尔兰⼈的⽣活现状第14章 爱尔兰的⽂化：语⾔，⽂学和艺术第15章 澳⼤利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族第16章 澳⼤利亚的⽂化⽣活第17章 ⼯作和家庭⽣活第18章 澳⼤利亚是⼀个⾃由民主的社会第19章 澳⼤利亚的今天第20章 从种族主义到多元⽂化主义第⼆部分 新西兰、美国、加拿⼤第1章 国⼟、⼈民与历史第2章 政治制度、教育与经济第3章 美国的起始第4章 美国的政治制度第5章 美国经济第6章 美国的宗教第7章 美国⽂学第8章 美国的教育第9章 20世纪60年代的社会运动第10章 美国的社会问题第11章 美国⼈的⽣活⽅式：寻找⼀个可靠的概括第12章 美国的妇⼥解放运动第13章 美国的科技第14章 ⼆战后美国外交政策第15章 美国的体育运动与风景名胜第16章 美国的流⾏⽂化：电影和⾳乐第17章 国家与⼈民第18章 加拿⼤政府与政治第19章 加拿⼤——“⽂化镶嵌画”第20章 加拿⼤经济第21章 加拿⼤⽂学第22章 加拿⼤的国际关系第⼀部分 英国、爱尔兰、澳⼤利亚第1章 英国简介（1）Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?[北⼆外2008研]A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Vikings.C. The Normans.D. The Romans.【答案】A【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊⼈是⽇⽿曼民族的分⽀，于五世纪中期由北欧⼊侵⼤不列颠，成为现今英格兰⼈的祖先。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题(新西兰、美国、加拿大)】-第16~22章【圣才出
3. The nickelodeons attracted millions of viewers a week, mostly middle-class people for whom movies presented no linguistic, cultural, or social barriers. _____
1 / 90
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
5. Among the 1930s’ most notable attractions were the child star Shirley Temple and Bob Dylan’s “Blowin’ in the Wind.” _____
【答案】T 【解析】直到 19 世纪末，Tin Pan Alley（美国纽约百老汇附近的一个地名的别称）一直是 主要的音乐发行中心。
10. Jazz music is characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing and improvisation. _____
【答案】T
3 / 90
圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
【解析】摇滚音乐是由于音乐、广播、广告和娱乐产业的变化而产生的。
13. The Beatles were originally from the industrial port city of Liverpool, on the New England’s coast, U.S.A. _____
【答案】F 【解析】摇滚音乐是迎合年轻观众的音乐，尤其是二战后的婴儿潮一代。
12. Rock was born as a result of changes in the music, broadcasting, advertising and entertainment industries. _____
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚-第七章至第八章【圣才出品】
第7章英国教育体系Ⅰ.Multiple choice.1.Under the old selective system English children who have high marks in the “eleven plus”examination go on to_____.（北京交大2003研）A.public schoolsB.technical schoolsC.grammar schoolsD.secondary modern schools【答案】C【解析】在英国，初级学校学生在最后一学年要参加十一岁儿童升学考试；其中成绩最好的进入文法学校。
2.Which of the following is a feature of British education as a whole?（北京交大2006研）cation is chaotic.cation is very expensive.cation is highly centralized.cation is rather independent and enjoys a great deal of freedom.【答案】D【解析】英国教育具有自由化的特点，集中体现在实行学校的地方管理措施。
选项D正确。
3.Which of the following statements can not be used to describe universities in Britain?A.All universities are private institutions.B.All students have got high marks in“A”Level.C.They have their own governing councilsD.They now derive nearly all of their funds from state grants.【答案】A【解析】白金汉大学（The University of Buckingham）是全英唯一一所私立独立大学，故答案应该选B。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(考研真题与典型题详解 今日的澳大利亚)【
19.2考研真题与典型题详解I.True or False.1.The Australia economy now depends primarily upon its other two major sectors, the resources and services industries.【答案】T【解析】澳大利亚的经济主要依靠资源和服务产业两大部分。
2.Australia’s main export partners are China,Japan,South Korea,the USA and India,Singapore.【答案】F【解析】澳大利亚的主要出口合作伙伴是中国、日本、韩国、美国和印度，新加坡是主要进口合作伙伴。
3.For most of the history,the Australia state governments have been mean in granting irrigation rights to both small and large scale agriculturists【答案】F【解析】历史上，澳大利亚州政府长期以来，不论对经营规模大或小的农民在给予灌溉权方面一向是很慷慨的。
Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks.1.On Federation in______,Australia became an independent colony but until1940sit had little control in the field of______.【答案】1901;foreign affairs【解析】1901年联邦成立，澳大利亚成为独立的殖民地，但直到20世纪40年代之前澳大利亚在外交领域几乎没有外交权。
2.The Statute of Westminster Adoption Act,passed by the Curtin Government in 1942,provided that in future the______could only legislate for Australia at Australia’s specific request.【答案】British Government【解析】1942年，澳大利亚科廷政府通过威斯敏斯特接受法案。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(国土、人民与历史)【圣才出品】
第1章国土、人民与历史Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. The largest urban area of New Zealand is _____.A. AucklandB. WellingtonB. HamiltonD. Queenstown【答案】A【解析】奥克兰是新西兰最大的城市，惠灵顿是新西兰首都。
2. New Zealanders have adopted their names from the kiwi, _____.A. which is a native flightless birdB. which was the only mammal in New ZealandC. which was introduced to New Zealand about 1000 years agoD. which is an introduced flightless bird【答案】A【解析】几维鸟（kiwi）是一种体型较大而无飞行能力的鸟类，在英语口语中用来指新西兰人。
3. Who was the first European navigator who arrived in New Zealand in 1642?A. Abel T asmanB. James CookB. a sealerD. a Christian missionary【答案】A【解析】荷兰人阿贝尔·塔斯曼（Abel T asman）成为第一个来到新西兰的欧洲航海家。
4. Which of the following is believed to be a prehistoric survival and described as a “living fossil”?A. The kiwi bird.B. The tuatara.C. The emus.D. The Maoris.【答案】B【解析】几维鸟（kiwi bird）是新西兰的国鸟，是国家的象征。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(澳大利亚是一个自由民主的社会)
第18章澳大利亚是一个自由民主的社会Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The Australian political system follows the Western democratic tradition, reflecting British and North American experience. _____【答案】T【解析】澳大利亚的政治体制是英美政治体制的混合体。
2. It is general acknowledged that the Prime Minister and the Cabinet at the federal level is the centre of the Australian parliamentary power. _____【答案】T【解析】总理和他的内阁是澳大利亚议会权力的中心。
3. Laws of the State should be changed if they don’t agree with the federal laws. _____【答案】T【解析】如果州级法律与联邦法律不一致，州级法律就必须修订。
4. The Senate of the Parliament is responsible for initiating the bills and enacting legislation. _____【答案】F【解析】众议院（The House of Representatives）负责拟定法案和制定法律，参议院（Senate）则负责审查下议院提出的法案，并提出修订案。
5. The Coalition Party is made up of the Australian Labor Party and the National Party. _____【答案】F【解析】联盟党是自由党和民族党的联盟。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》笔记和考研真题详解(澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族)
第15章澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族15.1 复习笔记I. Natural features of the land1. Location2. Size3. Constituents4. Distinctive fauna5. Landscape6. Distinctive physical featuresII. The people1. The indigenous people2. The later settlersIII. Dreamtime and Dreaming1. What is “Dreamtime”?2. What is “the Dreaming”?IV. British colonization1. T erra nullius2. Exploitation of the land3. The impact of colonization4. The policies of segregation and exclusion5. The policy of assimilationI. Natural features of the land（自然特征）1. Location（地理位置）The continent of Australia lies between equatorial South East Asia and the Antarctic.澳大利亚大陆位于赤道东南亚和南极洲之间。
2. Size（面积）Australia is the largest island and the smallest, flattest and driest continent in the world.澳大利亚是世界上面积最大的岛屿，同时也是世界上面积最小最平坦和最干燥的大陆。
3. Constituents（组成）(1)The mainland is the main constituent of Australia.(2)It also includes T asmania, an island just to the south, the Torres Straits Islands off the northern coast of the mainland and a small number of islands in the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.(1)澳大利亚大陆是澳大利亚的主要组成部分。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)配套题库【课后习题
第一部分英国、 爱尔兰、澳大 利亚
第二部分新西 兰、美国、加 拿大
第1章英国简介（1） 第2章英国简介（2） 第3章英国政府 第4章政治、阶级和社会 第5章英国经济 第6章英国文学 第7章英国教育体系 第8章英国的外交关系 第9章英国媒体
第1章国土、人民与历史 第2章政治制度、教育与经济 第3章美国的起始 第4章美国的政治制度 第5章美国经济 第6章美国的宗教 第7章美国文学 第8章美国的教育 第9章 20世纪60年代的社会运动
目录分析
第一部分英国、 爱尔兰、澳大 利亚
第二部分新西 兰、美国、加 拿大
第1章英国简介（1） 第2章英国简介（2） 第3章英国政府 第4章政治、阶级和社会 第5章英国经济 第6章英国文学 第7章英国教育体系 第8章英国的外交关系 第9章英国媒体
第1章国土、人民与历史 第2章政治制度、教育与经济 第3章美国的起始 第4章美国的政治制度 第5章美国经济 第6章美国的宗教 第7章美国文学 第8章美国的教育 第9章 20世纪60年代的社会运动
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化 入门》（第3版）配套题库 【课后习题
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 目录分析 006 作者介绍
思维导图
本书关键字分析思维导图
文化
第版
澳大利亚
历年
爱尔兰
名校
英国
题库
真题
文化 文化
经济
社会
第章
加拿大
美国
生活
社会
教育
内容摘要
精彩摘录
这是《朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》（第3版）配套题库【课后习题＋章节题库（含名校考研真题）＋ 模拟试题】》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)英国、爱尔兰、澳大利亚-第十一章至第十二章【圣才出品】
第11章爱尔兰地理、人文和历史Ⅰ.Multiple choice.1.Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Irish?（首都师范大学2008研）A.The CeltsB.The RomansC.The DanesD.The Anglo-Saxons【答案】A【解析】爱尔兰人是凯尔特人的后代。
2.It is believed that Celtic invaders came to Ireland in the_____century BC.A.5thB.6thC.7thD.8th【答案】B【解析】凯尔特人在公元前六世纪进入爱尔兰岛。
3.Who brought a legal system—the Brehon law,to the island of Ireland?A.ChristiansB.VikingsC.CeltsD.Normans【答案】C【解析】凯尔特人为爱尔兰带来了法律系统——布里恩法律。
4.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in_____.A.1891B.1900C.1914D.1916【答案】C【解析】“自治法案”最终于1914年通过。
5.The political party,Sinn Fein,was developed by_____.A.Isaac ButtB.Arthur GriffithC.Patrick PearseD.James Connolly【答案】B【解析】亚瑟·格里菲斯于1905至1908年间创办了新芬党。
6.Which of the following is the nickname of the Republic of Ireland?A.The Emerald Isle.B.The Diamond Isle.C.The Catholic Isle.D.The Treasure Isle.【答案】A【解析】爱尔兰地形南北高中问低，四周群山环绕，为茂密的森林覆盖，中央低陷部分绿地遍野，所以人们都习惯地称其为“绿宝石岛”（the Emerald Isle）。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族)
第15章澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. In the north of the Australian continent are _____.A. tropical rainforestsB. plateau landscapes occupied by snowfieldsC. deserts or semi desertsD. hills and fertile plains【答案】A【解析】澳大利亚的北部为热带雨林。
2. The first group of English were brought in Australia as _____ in 1788 by the First Fleet.A. slavesB. workersC. convictsD. refugees【答案】C【解析】第一批英国罪犯在1788年乘坐第一舰队来到澳大利亚。
3. Which is the oldest religion in Australia?A. ChristianityB. ProtestantismC. CatholicismD. the Dreaming【答案】D【解析】“梦创信仰”是澳大利亚这片土地上最古老的宗教。
4. The following animals are unique to the Australian continent except _____.A. platypusB. kangarooC. sealD. koala【答案】C【解析】澳大利亚特有的动物包括：鸭嘴兽、袋鼠、树袋熊和毛鼻袋鼠，海豹不属于其特有动物。
5. Australia was essentially unknown in the West until the _____ century.A. 15thB. 16thC. 17thD. 18th【答案】C【解析】直到17世纪，澳大利亚才被西方人所知。
英语国家社会与文化入门第二版课后练习题含答案
英语国家社会与文化入门第二版课后练习题含答案一、选择题1.Which of the following countries is not a member of theUnited Kingdom? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Ireland答案：D2.What is the capital city of Canada? A. Ottawa B. Toronto C.Vancouver D. Montreal答案：A3.Which one of the following is the largest metropolitanregion in the United States? A. New York Metropolitan Area B. Los Angeles Metropolitan Area C. Chicago Metropolitan Area D. Houston Metropolitan Area答案：A4.Which of the following is not a religion in India? A.Hinduism B. Islam C. Buddhism D. Christianity答案：D5.Which of the following is true about Australian culture? A.Australians have a ld-back and informal culture. B. Australians are generally reserved and formal in their interactions. C.Australians appreciate direct and confrontational communication. D.Australians value strict adherence to rules and regulations.答案：A二、填空题1.The official language of the United States is ___________.答案：English2.The dominant religion in Saudi Arabia is ___________. 答案：Islam3.The language spoken in Brazil is ___________. 答案：Portuguese4.The largest city in New Zealand is ___________. 答案：Auckland5.The currency used in Japan is the ___________. 答案：yen三、简答题1.Briefly describe the political system of the United Kingdom.答案：The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy. The monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II, serves as the ceremonial head of state, while real power is held by the elected government led by the Prime Minister. The government is responsible to the elected House of Commons and is checked by the unelected House of Lords. The UK also has devolved governments with varying levels of power in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.2.What are some key elements of Australian culture?答案：Australian culture values a ld-back and egalitarian approachto life. Australians are known for their love of sports, especially cricket and rugby. The country has a strong coffee culture, and socializing over a cup of coffee is a common activity. Australians alsovalue the outdoors and the natural environment, as well as a strong sense of community and helping others in need. Indigenous Australian culture is also important and respected, with efforts being made to preserve and celebrate it.3.What are some challenges facing India as a developingcountry?答案：India faces a number of challenges as a developing country, including poverty, population growth, and environmental degradation. The country has a large population, and providing basic necessities such as food, water, and healthcare to everyone is a major challenge. There is also significant inequality, with a small percentage of the population controlling much of the country’s wealth. India is also rapidly industrializing, which is putting pressure on its natural resources and contributing to pollution and climate change. Finally, the country faces ongoing conflicts with neighboring countries and internal political and social tensions.。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】（澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族）
朱永涛《英语国家社会与⽂化⼊门》配套题库【课后习题】（澳⼤利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族）第15章澳⼤利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创信仰”的民族Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The continent of Australia is the largest island in the world. _____【答案】T【解析】澳⼤利亚是世界上最⼤的岛屿。
2. Most of Australia’s unique plants and animals are imported from other continents. _____【答案】F【解析】澳⼤利亚独特的动植物是因为其⼤陆岛的地理特征逐渐演变⽽出现的。
3. The Great Barrier Reef goes along the eastern coast of Australia, from Queensland to T asmania. _____【答案】F【解析】⼤堡礁，位于昆⼠兰省东北部海洋中，北⾯从托雷斯海峡起，向南直到弗雷泽岛附近，沿澳⼤利亚东北海岸线绵延2000余千⽶。
4. Dreaming is shared by the members of an indigenous group about how the features of their land were created. _____【答案】T【解析】“梦创信仰”的重要原则是：⽣活在这⽚⼟地上的⼈对这⽚⼟地有着特殊的责任，⼈不拥有⼟地，⽽是⼟地拥有⼈。
“梦创信仰”重视对⼟地的保护超过对⼟地的拥有权。
5. Dreaming helps the indigenous people to survive in the harsh environment of the desert of Australia. _____【答案】T【解析】梦创故事为⼈们应该如何⽣存，如何彼此交流提供⼀些指导原则，也提供了关于这⽚⼟地的详细信息，以便⼟著居民能够在恶劣的⾃然环境下⽣存下来。
《英语国家社会与文化入门》(第3版)(朱永涛、王立礼主编)(复习笔记 澳大利亚的地理特征、怀有“梦创
15.1复习笔记I.Natural features of the land1.Location2.Size3.Constituents4.Distinctive faunandscape6.Distinctive physical featuresⅡ.The people1.The indigenous people2.The later settlersⅢ.Dreamtime and Dreaming1.What is“Dreamtime”?2.What is“the Dreaming”?IV.British colonization1.Terra nullius2.Exploitation of the land3.The impact of colonization4.The policies of segregation and exclusion5.The policy of assimilationI.Natural features of the land（自然特征）1.Location（地理位置）The continent of Australia lies between equatorial South East Asia and the Antarctic.澳大利亚大陆位于赤道东南亚和南极洲之间。
2.Size（面积）Australia is the largest island and the smallest,flattest and driest continent in the world.澳大利亚是世界上面积最大的岛屿，同时也是世界上面积最小最平坦和最干燥的大陆。
3.Constituents（组成）(1)The mainland is the main constituent of Australia.(2)It also includes Tasmania,an island just to the south,the Torres Straits Islands off the northern coast of the mainland and a small number of islands in the Pacific and the Indian Oceans.(1)澳大利亚大陆是澳大利亚的主要组成部分。
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第16章澳大利亚的文化生活
Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):
1. Dreaming is about a people being at one with the country which means that people do not own the land, but the land owns the people who have responsibilities of guardianship towards it. _____
【答案】T
【解析】“梦创信仰”是源于古代的一种信仰体系，正是这种信仰体系把这些原住民联系在了一起。
“梦创信仰”的重要原则是：生活在这片大陆上的人对这片土地有着特殊的责任，它认为不是人拥有土地，而是土地拥有人。
2. Anglicanism is the British particular form of Protestantism. _____
【答案】T
【解析】英国国教是基督新教的一个教派，与信义宗、归地道同属基督新教三大干流教派。
3. Fundamentalism is only confined to Christianity. _____
【答案】F
【解析】原教旨主义并不局限于任何一种宗教信仰，基督教、天主教、伊斯兰教和犹太教都有原教旨主义的形式。
4. Hugh Mackay points out that Australians spend far more, per capita, on the
training of elite athletes than they do on the training of doctors, scientists, musicians and philosophers. _____
【答案】T
【解析】运动在澳大利亚也被视为一种“宗教”。
社会学家Hugh Mackay指出，澳大利亚人在训练精英运动员方面的花费远远超过他们在训练医生、科学家、音乐家和哲学家方面的费用。
5. Female sport coverage on television is far below that of male sports. _____
【答案】T
【解析】在澳大利亚，电视的体育报道男女比例为98:2，极度不平衡。
6. The history of Australian literature dates back to the Dreamtime stories, myths and legends that have been passed on orally or visually by artistic representations on rocks and on bark over 40 000 years. _____
【答案】T
【解析】澳大利亚文学的历史可以追溯到梦创信仰时期的故事、神话和传说，这些故事是通过口头或视觉上的艺术表现形式在岩石上或在树皮上进行的，超过四万年。
7. The main feature of Australian literature in the early 20th century is realism. _____ 【答案】T
【解析】20世纪初澳大利亚文学的主要特征是现实主义。
8. Ethel Richardson Robertson is a realist writer. His work includes The Getting of Wisdom and his trilogy, The Fortunes of Richard Mahoney. _____
【答案】F
【解析】埃塞尔·罗泊特森（1880—1946）是澳大利亚的一位女性现实主义作家。
9. In the 1950s and 1960s many Australian writers thought that to gain a name they had to leave Australia, and most went overseas to the U.S. _____
【答案】F
【解析】在上世纪50年代和60年代，许多澳大利亚作家也呼应了作家Christina Stead 早期的意识，即他们必须离开澳大利亚，他们大多数人都去了欧洲，而不是美国。
10. The Whitlam and Fraser governments invested in the arts to further encourage
this more independent Australian voice as it was given expression in films, art, music and books. _____
【答案】T
【解析】惠特林和弗雷泽政府投资于艺术，以进一步鼓励在电影、艺术、音乐和书籍中表达出的更独立的澳大利亚声音。
Ⅱ. Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:
1. Which one of the following in NOT a different version of Protestantism?
A. Catholicism
B. Salvation Army
C. Methodism
D. Congregationalism
【答案】A
【解析】到1850年代，社会阶级的差异导致了澳大利亚新教的不同版本：上层和中产阶级仍然保留着英国国教，社会底层则分割出教众主义，卫理公会和救世军等派别。
因此选项A “天主教”是不包括在内的。
2. Which is now the fastest growing non-Christian belief system in Australia?
A. Islam
B. Judaism
C. Buddhism
D. Hinduism
【答案】C
【解析】如今，佛教是澳大利亚发展最快的信仰体系。
3. Which game is the most popular in Australia in terms of the numbers who play the game?
A. Hockey
B. Cricket
C. Beach Volleyball
D. Netball
【答案】D
【解析】就参加的人数来说，netball（篮网球）是澳大利亚最受欢迎的运动，主要以女性运动员为主。
4. Sport has the following positive characteristics, EXCEPT _____.
A. it creates a sense of community
B. it encourages exercise
C. it improve physical fitness
D. it makes fans admire their sport heroes
【答案】D
【解析】运动可以创造一种团队意识，平衡竞争精神，鼓励锻炼和促进身体健康。
5. The various forms of Australian literature in the English language during the period 1788 to the present day includes the following, EXCEPT _____.
A. verse
B. biography
C. rock art
D. drama
【答案】C
【解析】从1788到现在，澳大利亚的文学形式包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、历史、传记和自传，还包括日记、日记、信件和回忆录，其中并没有摇滚艺术。
6. Patrick White is the author of the following book titled _____.
A. The Tree of Man
B. Unpolished Gem
C. Dead Europe
D. The Boat
【答案】A
【解析】帕特里克·怀特是澳大利亚小说家、剧作家，20世纪最重要的英文作家之一，1973年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，其代表作品包括《人树》《风暴眼》等。
7. Who belongs to the second generation migrant writers?
A. Thomas Keneally
B. Ruth Park The Age
C. Alice Pung
D. Patrick White
【答案】C
【解析】澳籍柬埔寨华裔作家艾丽斯·彭属于第二代移民作家。
8. Many novels have been made into films, and the most influential film based on a novel by an Australian author has been Spielberg’s film _____.
A. Schindler’s List
B. Oscar and Lucinda
C. Monkey Grip
D. The Eye of the Storm。