陈旺 化工原理 精馏塔(丙酮-水)

课程设计说明书课题名称丙酮水板式蒸馏塔及其工艺设计计算专业班级过程装备与控制工程五班学生学号 1101030203 学生姓名陈旺学生成绩指导教师吕仁亮武汉工程大学化工与制药学院化工原理设计任务书设计题目：丙酮－水二元物料板式精馏塔设计条件：常压： 1p atm =处理量： 50000吨/年进料组成： 50%丙酮，50%水（质量分率，下同）馏出液组成：D X =0.96釜液组成： 馏出液 99%丙酮，釜液1%丙酮塔顶全凝器 泡点回流回流比： R=1.5Rmin加料状态： 1.0q =单板压降： 0.7a kp ≤设计任务：完成该精馏塔的工艺设计（包括物料衡算、热量衡算、筛板塔的设计算）。

画出带控制点的工艺流程图、塔板负荷性能图、精馏塔工艺条件图。

写出该精馏塔的设计说明书，包括设计结果汇总和设计评价。

摘要利用混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异，通过液相和气相的回流，使气、液两相逆向多级接触，在热能驱动和相平衡关系的约束下，使得易挥发组分（轻组分）不断从液相往气相中转移，而难挥发组分却由气相向液相中迁移，使混合物得到不断分离，称该过程为精馏。

该过程中，传热、传质过程同时进行，属传质过程控制原料从塔中部适当位置进塔，将塔分为两段，上段为精馏段，不含进料，下段含进料板为提馏段，冷凝器从塔顶提供液相回流，再沸器从塔底提供气相回流。

气、液相回流是精馏重要特点。

在精馏段,气相在上升的过程中，气相轻组分不断得到精制，在气相中不断地增浓，在塔顶获轻组分产品。

在提馏段，其液相在下降的过程中，其轻组分不断地提馏出来，使重组分在液相中不断地被浓缩，在塔底获得重组分的产品，精馏过程与其他蒸馏过程最大的区别，是在塔两端同时提供纯度较高的液相和气相回流，为精馏过程提供了传质的必要条件。

提供高纯度的回流，使在相同理论板的条件下，为精馏实现高纯度的分离时，始终能保证一定的传质推动力。

所以，只要理论板足够多，回流足够大时，在塔顶可能得到高纯度的轻组分产品，而在塔底获得高纯度的重组分产品。

通过对精馏塔的运算，主要设备的工艺设计计算——物料衡算、热量衡算、工艺参数的选定、设备的结构设计和工艺尺寸的设计计算，可以得出精馏塔的各种设计如塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数是合理的，以保证精馏过程的顺利进行并使效率尽可能的提高。

本设计是以丙酮――水物系为设计物系，以筛板塔为精馏设备分离丙酮和水。

筛板塔是化工生产中主要的气液传质设备，此设计针对二元物系丙酮－－水的精馏问题进行分析，选取，计算，核算，绘图等，是较完整的精馏设计过程。

通过逐板计算得出理论板数11块，回流比为1.3032,算出塔效率为0.446，实际板数为25块，进料位置为第7块，在板式塔主要工艺尺寸的设计计算中得出塔径为1.2米，有效塔高6.6米。

通过浮阀塔的流体力学验算，证明各指标数据均符合标准。

在此次设计中，对塔进行了物料衡算，本次设计过程正常，操作合适。

SummaryUse of various components in the mixture volatile ability difference, through the reverse flow of liquid and the gas phases, quickly, liquid two phase reverse multistage contact, phase equilibria in the thermal drive and under the constraints of the volatile components (light component) from liquid to gas phase shift, but difficult to volatile components in the gas phase into liquid phase migration, make continuous separation of the mixture, according to the process of distillation. The process, at the same time, heat transfer, mass transfer process and mass transfer process controlRaw materials department into the appropriate position from the tower tower, the tower can be divided into two segments, the segments for the rectifying section, including feed, under section contains the feed plate for the stripping section, provide liquid reflux condenser from the top of the tower, from the bottom reboiler with gas-phase reflux. Gas, liquid reflux distillation is important characteristic.In the rectifying section, the gas phase in the process of rising, gas phase constantly refined, the light component in the gas phase, and the constant enrichment in the tower light component products.In the stripping section, the liquid phase in the process of decline, the light component stripping out unceasingly, makes a restructuring was constantly enrichment in the liquid phase, a restructuring of the product at the bottom,Distillation process with other distillation process, the biggest difference is in the tower at both ends at the same time provide high purity of the liquid and the gas phases reflux, necessary conditions for distillation process mass transfer. Provide high purity backflow, make in the same conditions of theoretical plate, for highly purity distillation separation, have always been able to guarantee a certain mass transfer driving force. So, as long as enough theoretical plate, reflux is large enough, the light component in the tower could get high purity of products, and in the restructuring of the bottom to obtain high purity products.Through the operation of rectification tower, process design and calculation of the main equipment, material balance, heat balance, the selection of process parameters, equipment, design calculation, structure design and technology of the size of the column can be drawn from all kinds of design such as process flow of the tower, the operation conditions and physical parameters is reasonable, to ensure the smoothprogress of distillation process and the efficiency of as much as possible.This design is based on acetone - water content is to design a system, to sieve plate tower for separation of acetone and water distillation equipment. Sieve plate tower is the main gas liquid mass transfer in chemical production equipment, the design for the binary system of acetone - water distillation problem analysis, selection, calculation, calculation, drawing, etc., is a complete distillation design process. Through by calculated theoretical plate number 11 boards, reflux ratio is 1.3032, calculate the column efficiency is 0.446, the actual number plate for 25 pieces, feeding position for the block 7, in the plate tower design and calculation of main technological size of tower diameter of 1.2 meters, 6.6 meters high tower effectively. Through calculation of fluid mechanics, float valve tower prove the index data are up to the standard. Of tower in the design, material balance, the design process is normal, operation right.目录第一部分设计概述 (1)一、设计题目： (1)二、工艺条件: (1)三、设计内容 (1)四、工艺流程图 (2)第二部分塔的工艺计算 (4)一、查阅文献，整理有关物性数据 (4)二、全塔物料衡算与操作方程 (7)三、全塔效率的估算 (10)四、实际塔板数 (11)五、精馏塔主题尺寸的计算 (11)1 精馏段与提馏段的汽液体积流量112 塔径的计算143 塔高的计算194 塔板结构尺寸的确定205弓形降液管216开孔区面积计算227 筛板的筛孔和开孔率22六、筛板的流体力学验算 (23)1塔板压降23 2液面落差24 七、塔板负荷性能图................... 错误!未定义书签。