2016新课标三维英语 必修四 unit 3-S3

Section_ⅢGrammar—动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语

语法图解

探究发现

①You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing ...

②Such training was common in acting families at this time ...

③He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks.

④...his subtle acting made everything entertaining.

⑤He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.

⑥How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?

⑦The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!

[我的发现]

(1)动词-ing形式作表语的句子为⑦。

(2)动词-ing形式作定语的句子为②③⑤。

(3)动词-ing形式作补语的句子为①④⑥。

(4)比较句②和句③，可以看出单个现在分词作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语作定语时要放在它所修饰的名词后面。

一、动词-ing形式作表语

作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。

1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving, interesting, encouraging, exciting, inspiring, boring, surprising, puzzling, amusing, astonishing ...这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。

The argument is very convincing.

这个论点很令人信服。

He remained standing beside the table.

他依然站在桌旁。

[名师点津]不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作，动词-ed形式则表示被动、完成含义。

2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。

Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.

＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.

她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。

[即时演练1]

(1)试判断下列句中动词-ing形式的类型：

A．动名词B．现在分词

①My hobby is collecting stamps.__A__

②What you said is really inspiring.__B__

③What I am tired of is waiting here alone.__A__

(2)对比翻译

①他的工作是粉刷墙。

His_job_is_painting_walls.

②他的工作是粉刷这面墙。

His_job_is_to_paint_the_wall.

二、动词-ing形式作定语

动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。

1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。

No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.

阅览室里不准大声说话。

2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。

The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.

＝The boy that/who is playing football on the playground is my younger brother.

在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。

[名师点津]现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。

You should adapt to the changing situation.

你应该适应不断变化的形势。

The ground is covered with fallen leaves.

地上满是落叶。

I’m looking for a room to live in.

我正在找房子住。

[即时演练2]

(1)一句多译

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

→The_man_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitor’s_father.

→The_man_who_is_speaking_to_the_teacher_is_our_monitor’s_father.

(2)用所给词的适当形式填空

①Our school went on an organized (organize) trip last week.

②I can’t go with you, for I have a lot of work to_do (do)．

③(山东高考改编)There’s a note pinned to the door saying (say) when the shop will open again.

三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语

动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，表示正在进行的动作或经常存在的状态。动词-ing形式常作以下动词的宾语补足语。

1．表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)＋sb.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。

I felt somebody standing behind me.

我感觉有人站在我后面。

I saw the little boy crying there.

我看到小男孩在那儿哭。

2．表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, let, keep, get, leave等)＋sb./sth.＋doing sth.(作宾补)。

We kept the fire burning all night long.

我们让火整夜燃烧着。

I won’t have you running about in the room.

我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。

[名师点津]使役动词接现在分词作宾语补足语表示“让……一直做某事”。接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语表示“让某人做某事”；接过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语请某人做某事，使完成某事或主语遭遇某事”。

Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt.

当心，否则会弄伤手的。

3．用于with复合结构中。