2015中石油职称英语模拟试题(一)及参考答案
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考精彩试题_1(word版)
模拟试題一I. Vocabulary SectionADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed3.You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw downC. throw upD. throw away4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A. In regard forB. In regard toC. With regard ofD. Regardless for5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye.A. nakedB. bareC. fleshD. pure6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A. opportunitiesB. necessitiesC. probabilitiesD. realities7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD. carried on8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in hislater study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD. encouraged9.This is the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. by no meansD. for no reason10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.-11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away.A. almostB. essentiallyC. alwaysD. conveniently12.The greatest physical distinction between humans and apes is the hollow space humans haveunder their chins.A. attractionB. dangerC. comfortD. difference13.Scientists are trying to develop computers that will simulate the human thought process.A. substituteB. assumeC. projectD. reflect14.Tenants do not own their own apartments, they merely occupy the dwellings.A. intellectualsB. rentersC. colonizersD. contractors15.Buddhist monks claim to detach their minds from their bodies.A. separateB. attachC. deliverD. detain16.We encountered the Smiths before leaving the parking lot.A. metB. sawC. helpedD. surprised17.Mr. Jones was taken in by that door to door salesman’s mooth talk. He paid almost $900.00 fora vacuum cleaner.A. deceivedB. incitedC. implicatedD. saturated18.The chorale wanted to rehearse the song before the performance.A. singB. rewriteC. introduceD. practice19.Prejudice towards minorities probable stems from fear of the unknown.A. angerB. biasC. rudenessD. action20.It is unwise to provoke strange animals.A. feedB. touchC. angerD. chaseII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was22.___you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since23.—Imust have eaten something wrong. I feel like ___.—I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better at home.A. to throw up ... to catB. throwing up ... eatingC. to throw up ... catD. throwing up... cat24. His response was ___ that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such25. I have not found my book yet. I’m not sure ____I could have done with it.A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. where26. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ___ it.A. never have believedB. never did believeC. could never believeD. would never have believed27.I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car28.___ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machine guns.A. SearchingB. Being searchingC. SearchedD. To search29.Close the door, __ ?A. will youB. do youC. shall youD. don’t you30.The storm ___ ，they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hutD. being destroyedDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make theIII． Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengthsand weaknesses. Success or 41 in your work would depend, to a great extent, 42 yourability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 43 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that heis going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 44 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.45 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviouslya weakness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 46 the strength and overcome the47 that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you mustfirst take stock of where you stand now. 48 we get further along in the book, we'll be dealingin some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 49 skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 50 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.41. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement42. A. in B. on C. of D. to43. A. who B. what C. that D. which44. A. onto B. on C. off D. in45. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been46. A. except B. but C. for D. on47. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage48. A. as B. till C. over D. out49. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn50. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weaknessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce, A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children's emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.51. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increasesbecauseA. children attend school for more yearsB. children are better dressedC. children spend more money on entertainmentD. all of the above52. What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn't pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her owninterests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.53. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged54. The title of the article might be __A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted theprofessor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar (讨论会). The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic (语言的) feature of his interacting with his students wasthat he used many modal (情态的) verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could beright, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question, i still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student's ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.55. In the USA, when the students are in class, __A. a Chinese student tends to be very activeB. an American student likes to make troubleC. a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD. an American student tends to be vigorous56. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sincereB. be very directC. be very self-confidentD. be very indifferent57. What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods betweenChina and the USA?A. He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students'remembrance.C. He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.58. The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is __A. more intimate in ChinaB. closer in ChinaC. looser in USAD. more harmonious in USAQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radiobegins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiply and divide--with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.Once it is given a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised bya technician trained in computer language -- a computer can gather a wide range of information formany purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keepbank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered "memory" machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. At times computers seem almost human. They can "read" hand printed letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called"thinking" machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. Acomputer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.59. "Program" means __A. a plan of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performanceD. series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer60. The computer is a high powered "memory" machine, which __A. has all the ready answers -- or almost all to any questionsB. can remember everythingC. can store everything and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored61. "Thinking" machines suggest that __A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they even design other computersD. they can't think, but can do something under human control62. Can computers do whatever they want to do? Why?A. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B. No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C. No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning becauseeverything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber aswell.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed;then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with thegrowing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced tobuild their own recycling plants before long.63. The main purpose of the passage is __A. to show us a future way of recycling wastesB. to tell the importance of recycling wastesC. to warn people the danger of some wastesD. to introduce a new recycling plant64. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.65. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. Energy can be got at a lower price.66. Which of the following statements is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dictionaries.B. Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Section BDirections: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages.Markyour answer on the answer sheet.The Motor CarA There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world • and the number is rising by morethan 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence onmotor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets andmotorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.C Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance convenientlyaccessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. In the United Kingdom, about 90 per cent of inland freight is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?D In Europe most cities arc still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motorcar has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people.Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.E A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that cartransport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats，depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.F Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines.But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars arc preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use i彡 increasing ata faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology isnow making possible.G One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities andneighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already实用文档标准bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision - and the capital - to make such profound changes in modem lifestyles.H A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into andaround cities, with small “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean bum cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modem computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.Questions 67-72This passage has eight paragraphs labelled A-H. Which paragraphs concentrate on the followinginformation? Choose the correct letter A-H for questions 67-72 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. a comparison of past and present transportation methods68. how driving habits contribute to road problems69. the relative merits of cars and public transport70. the writer's own prediction of future solutions71. the increasing use of motor vehicles72. the impact of the car on city developmentQuestions 73-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 73-75, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)73. Vehicle pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.74. Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.75. Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.。
中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die. But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago.a. carried onb. carried awayc. carried outd. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all8. It’s difficult to divine what constitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City, tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____ early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood the economic, social andpolitical upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has been surviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds on sea plants andanimals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______ about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “big buck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paid into the social security systemduring their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Most people who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those who deserved it most.a. it was not givenb. was givenc. it was not given nord. was not it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____ more or less constantor declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells contain exact copies of theoriginal set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______ between layers of rock foran enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond. will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit of producible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other salty types with shapes ____ and colors____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That one of the giftsd. One of thegifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”.a. canb. couldc. mayd. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big eno ugh to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, they are once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raise production by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week.A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oil market, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. By mid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come upwith a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil prices to a acceptable level, but ittakes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer from the passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices when the prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can do nothing with them eventhough they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices.Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass the abilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North American continentd. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the press should be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after the foundation of the PressComplaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.c. A privacy law is unnecessary since the press has the ability to regulate itself.d. The Press Complaints Commission was formed out of the press and thus did something in favorof the press51. What kind of people are likely to appreciate the invasion of their private life?a. The members of Calcutt committeeb. royal familyc. pop starsd. somegovernment leaders52. Which is a lawful purpose for intrusion into privacy?a. To disclose criminal activityb. To be in agreement with Privacy Lawc. To gain popular supportd. To protect the privilegedQuestions 53-56When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sprot is much older than humankind for, as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and cats wrestle and play ball games. Fished and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games. Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstrating strong, trans-generational and trans-species bonds with the universe of animals past present and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh( or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaust. Their play, and ours, appears to serve no other purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently to remove us temporarily form the anguish of life in earnest.Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature. In their generous conception, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put our creative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release form the tedious battles against scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This is a grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that origins of our highest accomplishments-liturgy, literature and law-can be traced to play a impulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Our sports, in this rather happy, non-fatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations of the non-datable, trans-species play impulse.53. The best title for the passage is _________a. Games for Animalsb. The Origins and Meaning of Playc. A Playful View of Modern Philosophyd. The Role of Sport in Child Development54. It seems to the author that young animals play in order to ________a. gain pleasureb. learn specific behavior patternsc. delight their ownersd. exercise their growing muscles55. One may infer from the passage that play is important to adults because it helps them_____a. understand their childrenb. interact more with animals and naturec. channel their creativityd. improve their physical strength56. The word “noble” could best be replace by which of the following?a. snobbishb. wealthyc. royald. admirableQuestion 57-60To ensure similarity in scientific investigation or monitoring, nationally and internationally agreed standards are being introduced. Several systems of documenting experimental methods and procedures are in use today and are becoming increasingly important for indicating data quality and verifying the integrity of studies. One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals. Since 1982 the range of laboratories inspected has been extended to include those working with pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, cosmetics and food additives. Good Laboratory Practice is concerned with the way. laboratory or field studies are planned, monitored, recorded and reported and the conditions under which this occurs. Following the principles of GLP ensures that the studies are properly planned, can be adequately carried out and are fully and accurately reported. As pan ofthe planning, execution and reporting of a study, the various processes carried out are carefully documented as Standard Operating Procedures.The value of long-term observation of environmental factors has only been recognized relatively recently although some monitoring of the environmental factors have been in existence for over a century. The best known long-term study is probably the Broadbalk Experiment at Rothamsted. Broadbalk and the other long-term experiments at Rothamsted and elsewhere are now proving to be extremely valuable by answering questions not considered, nor even conceived, when they were originally set up. Even so they are limited in geographic scope and by the fact that they are confined to one land use category. Current environmental and ecological monitoring networks, while not limited geographically, have in the main been set up to measure just one aspect of the environment. In contrast, the Environmental Change Network (ECN) was set up to give added value to long-term monitoring and data collection by providing a network of sites in different parts of the U.K. and under a variety of land use conditions where comparable long-term data on a wide variety of environmental variables could be recorded.The idea of a network such as ECN was first considered in the mid 1970s but the concept did not reach fruition until 1992. The selection of the initial network of terrestrial sites was based on a range of criteria. One of the most important requirements, given the intended long-term nature of the project, was financial security although consistent quality of research was also required. The project intended that other sites representing more variable climate zones and land use will eventually join the network as funding becomes available.The monitoring carded out at each ECN site covers a range of physical, chemical and biological measurements. Where possible procedures and measurements used by existing national monitoring schemes are employed so that ECN provides an integrating function for the more extensive sectorial networks. Environmental changes due to factors such as climate change are likely to be difficult to identify against the background noise arising from the numerous sources, both natural and man-made, of environmental variability. It is desirable, therefore, to minimize any additional variation due to operator involvement. To this end, and to ensure consistency and repeatability, protocols for each of the key measurements were produced.57. How many experiment(s) was (were) conducted on the monitoring of the environmental factors?a. Unknownb. Twoc. threed. one58. What does the underlined word mean in “One such approach is Good Laboratory Practice which was introduced in 1982 by the Health and Safety Executive to monitor the testing of industrial chemicals?”a. Performanceb. Standardc. Experimentd. Repetition59. Which is the correct description of “ Environment Change Network?”a. It is a network which is expected to provide environmental and ecological data representingmore geographical areasb. It is a current environmental and ecological network to measure only one aspect of theenvironmentc. Environmental Change Network remained functioning until 1992.d. Environmental Change Network was wet up to make long-term monitoring of environmentmore costly60. The passage implies, though it does not explicitly state, that _______ is ( are) the mostpromising approach to the long-term monitoring of environmental factors.a. Broasbalk Experimentb. Good Laboratory Practicec. Environmental Change Networkd. Standard Operating ProceduresCloze (10 points)Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They ______ that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the _______ man. But they insisted that its ______ results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the _______of the English population. _______ contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650-1750, when England was still a _______ agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.This view, _____ , is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists _______ history and economics, have ______ two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was _______ by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace (平民).61. a. admitted b. believed c. claimed d. predicted62 a. plain b. average c. mean d. normal63. momentary b. prompt c. instant d. immediate64. bulk b. host c. gross d. magnitude65. In b. With c. For d. By66. a. broadly b. thoroughly c. generally d. completely67. a. however b. meanwhile c. therefore d. moreover68. a. at b. in c. about d. for69. a. manifested b. approved c. shown d. speculated70. a. noted b. impressed c. labeled d. markedTranslation (20 points)The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.The classification of materials such as petrochemicals is used to indicate the source of the chemical compounds, but it should be remembered that many common petrochemicals can be made form other sources, and the terminology is therefore a matter of source identification., Petrochemicals are generally chemical compounds derived from petroleum either by direct manufacture or by indirect manufacture as by-products from the variety of processes that are used during the refining of petroleum. Gasoline, fuel oils, lubricating oils, waxes, asphalts, and the like are excluded from the definition of petrochemicals, since they are not, in the true sense, chemical compounds but are in fact intimate mixtures of hydrocarbons.B级The chemical industry depends very heavily on petroleum and natural gas as sources of raw materials. It is likely that in excess of 80% of the literally thousands of different basic organic chemicals employed today are derived from these sources.The petrochemical industry has grown with the petroleum industry. As is the case with the latest trends in changing crude oil types, it must also evolve to meet changing technological and humanitarian needs.The manufacture of chemicals from petroleum and natural gas constituents is an excellent example of the conversion of such materials to more valuable products. The individual chemicals made from petroleum and natural gas numerous and include industrial chemicals, household chemicals and paints, as well as intermediates for the manufacture of products, such as synthetic rubber and plastics.The processing of petroleum hydrocarbon to yield materials that are, essentially, the building blocks of other chemicals industries, is now very extensive.解析：I. Vocabulary(20 points)1. a. absorbed (吸收) b. dissolved （分解） c. discovered 发现 d. recovered 恢复（健康）2. a. advocate 鼓吹者 b. candidate候选人 c. sponsor 发起者 d. opponent 对手3. a. medal 奖牌 b. model 模特 c. modle （无此词） d. modest 和善的4.a. carried on 继续 b. carried away 得意忘形 c. carried out 执行d. carried over继续下去；使继续下去(2) 把…争取到自己这边来5. a. ways 方式（ways of acting=behavior 行为方式，整个短语等同于behaviour, 因此若用behavior就不能再出现acting，这两个词同义） b. behavior 行为 c. attitude 态度 d. means 手段，方法6. 在信息时代，他们时刻更新知识。
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_5(word版)
模拟试題五I. Vocabulary Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this pari. For each sentence there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his _____ .A. wordB. wordsC. permissionD. saying2.After second thought, she ____ a better solution.A. came up withB. added up toC. put up withD. made up for3.The club has ______ a new rule allowing women to join.A. brought forthB. associated withC. turned overD. laid down4.The performance will begin ____ at eight thirty.A. preciselyB. consequentlyC. accordinglyD. exceedingly5.His joke went too far. It was more than I could ________ .A. get rid ofB. put up withC. keep up withD. do away with6.At the gathering, he talked_____ about the matter, dampening everyones spirits.A. in detailB. with easeC. on endD. in a confusing way7.1 wish my son would stop ______ a nd do something realistic.A. hanging aboutB. hanging onC. hanging upD. hanging off8.We all can’t ____ why she married a man like this.A. reason outB. figure outC. make believeD. take in9.John wants to dispose ____ his old car and buy a new one.A. onB. inC. ofD. to10.Ted agreed to ____ the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.A. call outB. call toC. call offD. call onSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.A. envyB. respectC. trustD. pursue12.Mr. Jackson is considered a man of moderate view.A. modemB. stemC. reasonableD. predictable13.What guarantee do we have of this product's quality?A. possibilityB. knowledgeC. indicationD. assurance14.We thought Jane’s performance was particularly good.A. especiallyB. unbelievableC. necessarilyD. unexpectedly15.Everyone knows that the couple were reluctant to have their daughter marry Mr. Townsend.A. eagerB. pleasedC. unwillingD. disappointed16.Any theories must be modified to suit the facts, and not vice-versa.A. validatedB. betteredC. alteredD. fortified17.A red ruby laser will discharge a beam of coherent red light.A. containB. reflectC. change intoD. emit18.The 1906, San Francisco Earthquake, proved to be very fatal.A. shabbyB. messyC. disastrousD. constructive19.Few boxers have been as outstanding as the present heavyweight champion.A. powerfulB. handsomeC. excellentD. talkative20.The men are negotiating over the sale of the diamonds.A. arguingB. fightingC. thinkingD. bargainingII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.___ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left theroom.A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being22. ___ the size and nature of a business, its main goal is to earn a profit.A. WhateverB. WhicheverC. WhereasD. Because23.What’s the matter? I smell something _____ .A.bumB. bumsC. being burnedD. burning24.The car ____ seventy miles per hour until it reaches the riverside at about ten o'clock tonight.A. goesB. will goC. wentD. will be going25. I would rather ___ out to look for a job instead of moping around here everyday.A. to goB. goingC. wentD. go26.___ is still a controversial issue.A.If he is the right person for the jobB.That he is the right person for the jobC.Whether he is the right person for the jobD.He is the right person for the job27.Tom ___ my letter; otherwise he would have replied before now.A. ought not have receivedB. shouldn’t have receivedC. has been receivedD. couldn't have received28.You'll soon get used to _____ a large breakfast in England.A. eatB. it that you eatC. eatingD. you eat29.1left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.A. didn’t leaveB. hadn’t leftC. haven’t leftD. couldn’t leave30.“How many from your class went abroad?” “_____ but one”.A. AnyB. SomeC. AllD. MostSection BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B,C,and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.Faced with petroleum shortages in the 1970's, scientists and engineers in the United StatesAstepped up its efforts to develop more efficientheating systems and better insulation.B C D32.It is a phenomenon known as temperature inversion what causes the worst smog in placesA B Csuch as Los Angles.D33.Of all the software the consultants have looked at, the more powerful one is also the mostA BCDaccessible.34.The latest series of articles on trends and innovations have been praised by the readers.A BCD35.After the presentation of the developed specially program, the audience reacted positively andA B Cendorsed it immediately.D36.The inspector admitted to offer anestimatefor the damage free of charge.A B C D37.New shoppingmall is being planned for the residential area where new homes are being builtA B Cat a rapid rate.D38.The opinion holding bymost investors isto buy now.A B CD39.Whether we make the trip or not, it will be advisable for us to be renewing our passportsA B Cas soon as possible in order to avoid any complications.D40.The only thing what really matters to the children is how soon they can return to theirA B Caunt and uncle’s farm.DIII． Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. 41 the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent style fits own. No one knows exactly when jazz was 42 , or by whom. But it began to be heard in the early 1900s.Jazz isAmericans contribution to 43 music. In contrast to classical music, which follows formalEuropean traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free form. It bubbles with energy, 44 themoods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz sounded like America, and45 it does today. The origins of this music are as interesting as the music 46 .American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz pioneers .They were brought toSouthern States 47 slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long hours. When a Negro died his friend and relatives 48 a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the procession .On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. 49 on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their relations ,but the living were glad to be alive. The band played happy music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes 50 at the funeral. This music made everyone want to once. It was an early form of jazz.41. A. By B. At C. In D. On42. A. discovered B. acted C. invented D. designed43. A. classical B. sacred C. popular D. light44. A. expressing B. explaining C. exposing D. illustrating45. A. as B. so C. either D. neither46. A. concerned B .itself C. available D. oneself47. A. for B. as C. with D. by48. A. demonstrated B. composed C. hosted D. formed49. A. Even B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. But50. A. whistled B. sung c. presented D. showedIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. Tothem, however, the dispute between the' colonists and England was peripheral. For AmericanIndians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever side they chose, they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, theleader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson,Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English king,George Ili. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands andretreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokeenation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made "Beloved Woman" of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women's council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the white settlers and supported thePatriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.51. What is the main point the author makes in the passage?A. Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.B. At the time of the Revolution the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.C. Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.D. The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.52. The word "it" in line 4 refers to ~A. sideB. revolutionC. disputeD. independence53. How did Ward gain her position of authority?A. By bravery in battle.B. By marriage to a chief.C. By joining the confederacy.D. By being bom into a powerful family.54. According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward had in common?A. Each was called "Beloved Woman" by her tribe.B. Each influenced her tribe's role in the American Revolution.C. Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.D. Each went to England after the American Revolution.Questions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:More people than ever are drinking coffee these days--but in smaller quantities than theyused to. Some manufacturers of coffee makers are trying to take advantage of this trend bydeveloping diminutive machines that brew smaller amounts of coffee. Two US appliancecompanies-Black & Decker, based in Towson, Maryland, and Toastmaster Inc. of Columbia,Missouri-have recently introduced "drip" coffee makers that brew one or two cup servings of coffee.Both of the products brew the coffee directly into a cup or mug, eliminating the need for a separate carafe. Since many people make a pot of coffee in the morning but drink only a single cup, the new coffee makers should reduce the wasted coffee. Black & Decker's Cup-at-a-Time costs $27, while Toastmaster's Coffee Break Retails for $20. Black & Decker also makes a coffee maker that drips coffee directly into a carry-around thermal carafe. The carafe, a glass vacuum bottle, is supposed to keep the coffee fresh for hours. The product, called the Thermal Carafe Coffee-maker, comes with abuilt-in lid that opens during the brewing process and close when it is completed. There are several models, including one that firs under the counter, ranging from $60 to $110 in price.55. The main purpose of the text is toA. introduce a new trend of drinking coffeeB. introduce new coffee makersC. introduce two U.S. appliance companiesD. introduce the new coffee industry56. The advantage of "drip" coffee makers shown in the text is thatA. they are much more economicB. they can produce only one cupC. they are more convenient and easier to operateD. they are more economical57. According to the passage, a thermal carafe is necessary when the coffee isA. preservedB. producedC. manufacturedD. brewed58. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?A. People used to drink coffee in larger quantities.B. It is essential to attach a separate carafe, while "drip" coffee makers are applied.C. People used to make a pot of coffee in the morning and drink it up.D. The new coffee makers usually cost less than before.Questions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (1758- 1843). Born near Hartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of such books as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary, and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the English language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special way and deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote," It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this 'country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England...some differences exist .... No person in this country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country." By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.59. Webster first tried to earn his living in the field ofA. educationB. journalismC. lawD. medicine60. Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a __A. teacherB. studentC. lawyerD. doctor61. This article could be entitledA. Noah Webster and American English SpellingB. Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC. Noah WebsterD. Noah Webster and American English Grammar62. According to the article, Webster __A. had created American English and its usagesB. had discovered American English and improved itC. had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD. had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:The oldest and simplest method, then of describing differences in personality was to classify people according to types, and such a system is called a Typology. A famous example of this method was set forth in Greece about the year 400 B. C. A physician named Hippocrates theorized that there were four fluids, or humors, in the body. Corresponding to each humor, he believed, there existed a definite type of personality.The four humors were blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm. A person in whom all four humors were in perfect balance had a harmonious personality. If a person had too much blood, he was called sanguine (血红色), or cheerful and optimistic. Someone with too much yellow bilewas choleric, or irritable and easily angered. Too much black bile made a person melancholy, or depressed and pessimistic. An oversupply of phlegm caused a human being to be phlegmatic, or slow and unfeeling. Scientists have long since discarded Hippocrates' fluid theory. But the names of the humors, corresponding to these temperaments, have survived and are still useful, to some extent, in describing personality.Other features of people, such as their faces and physics, have also been used to classify personality. Today, however, personality theories and classifications may also include factors such as heredity (遗传特征), the environment, intelligence, and emotional needs. Psychology, biology, and sociology are involved in these theories. Because of the complexity of human personality, present day theories are often very different from one another. Psychologists vary in their ideas about what is most important in determining personality.63. According to Hippocrates' fluid theory, a man with too much phlegm will be __A. optimisticB. easily angeredC. unexcitableD. pessimistic64. The main idea of this passage is about __A. the complicated factors in determining one's personalityB. Hippocrates' fluid theory and its developmentC. the past and today of personality classifications and theoriesD. different personalities and their details65. At present, psychologists __A. have common opinion about personality theories and classificationsB. use biology, archaeology and sociology to study personality theoriesC. have abandoned Hippocrates' fluid theory entirelyD. all agree that human beings are characterized with complex personalities66. According to this passage the factors which are still NOT used to classify personality areA. one's born features and needs of love and successB. one's height and weightC. one's hobbies and idealsD. the environment and intelligenceSection BDirections: You should answer Questions67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Talking PointLearning a second language fuels children’s intelligence and makes their job prospects brighter. But the fact is, in New Zealand, as in many other English-speaking countries, speakers of two or more languages are in the minority. Eighty-four per cent of New Zealanders are monolingual (speakers of only one language). This leaves a small number who claim to speak two or more languages - a small percentage of whom were born in New Zealand.No matter how proud people arc of their cultural roots, to speak anything other than English is a marker of difference here. That’s why eight-year-old Tiffany Dvorak no longer wishes to speak her mother-tongue, German, and eight-year-old Ani Powell is embarrassed when people comment on the fact that she is able to speak Maori (新西兰毛利人的毛利语>.A s Joanne Powell, Ani’s mother, points out: “In Europe, it’s not unusual for kids to be bilingual. But, if you speak another language to your children in New Zealand, there are some people who think that you are not helping them to become a member of society.”But in fact, the general agreement among experts is that learning a second language is good for children. Experts believe that bilinguals - people who speak two languages - have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates. This depends on how much of each language they can speak, not on which language is used, so it doesn’t matter whether they arc learning Maori or German or Chinese or any other language.Cathie Elder, a professor of Language Teaching and Learning at Auckland University, says: “A lot ofstudies have shown that children who speak more than one language sometimes learn one language more slowly, but in the end they do as well as their monolingual schoolmates, and often better, in other subjects. The view is that there is an improvement in general intelligence from the effort of learning another language.”Dr Brigitte Halford, a professor of linguistics at Freiburg University in Germany, agrees. “Bilinguals lend to use language better as a whole,” she says. “They also display greater creativity and problem-solving ability, and they learnfurther languages more easily.”So with all of the benefits, why do we not show more enthusiasm for learning other languages? Parents and teachers involved in bilingual education say pressure from friends at school, general attitudes to other languages in English-speaking countries, and problems in the school system arc to blame.In New Zealand, immigrants face the possibility of culture being lost along with the language their children no longer wish to speak. Tiffany’s mother, Susanne Dvorak, has experienced this. When she and husband Dieter left Germany six years ago to start up a new life in New Zealand, they thought it would be the perfect opportunity to raise their two-year-old as a bilingual. After all, bilingual Turkish families in Germany were normal and Susanne had read all the books she could find on the subject.The idea was to have home as a German language environment and for Tiffany to learn English at nursery school. But when Tiffany went to nursery school she stopped talking completely. She was quiet for about two or three months. Then, when she took up talking again, it was only in English. Concerned for her language development, Dieter started speaking English to his daughter while Susanne continued in German.Today, when Susanne speaks to her daughter in German, she still answers in English. “Or sometimes she speaks half and half. I checked with her teacher and she very seldom mixes up German and English at school. She speak s English like a New Zealander. It’s her German that’s behind，” says Susanne.Professor Halford, also a mother of two bilingual children, says, “It’s normal for kids to refuse to speak their home language at the stage when they start to socialise with othe r kids in kindergarten or school”. But, she says, this depends a lot on the attitudes of the societies in question. In monolingual societies, like New Zealand, “kids want to be like all the others and sometimes use bilingualism as one of the battlefields f or finding their own identity in contrast to that of their parents.”She supports Susanne’s approach of not pressuring her daughter. “"Never force the child to use a specific language, just keep using it yourself. The child will accept that. There is often a time when children or teenagers will need to establish their own identity as different from their schoolmates and they may use their other language to do so.”Cathie Elder thinks immigrant parents should only speak English to their children if they are able to use English well themselves. “What parents should do is provide rich language experiences for their childrenin whatever language they speak well. They may feel like outsiders and want to speak the local language, but it is more important for the child's language development to provide a lot of language experience in any language.”There can be differences between children in attitudes to learning languages. Susanne Dvorak’s two-year-old son, Danyon，is already showing signs of speaking German and English equally well. While her “ideal” scenario hasn’t happened with Tiffany, she is aware that her daughter has a certain bilingual ability which, although mainly passive at this stage, may develop later on.Joanne Powell feels the same way about her daugh ter, Ani. “At the moment she may not want to speak Maori but that’s okay because she’ll pick it up again in her own time. It’s more important that she has the ability to understand who she is. By learning another language she can open the door to another c ulture.”Donna Chan, 25，a marketing specialist for IBM, arrived here with her parents from Hong Kong when she was four. She also remembers refusing to speak Chinese when she started primary school. But now she appreciates she had the chance to be bilingual. “It’s quite beneficial speaking another language in my job. Last year, my company sent me to a trade fair in Hong Kong because I could speak Chinese. Being bilingual definitely opens d o o r s，” she says.Questions 67-69Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 67-69, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)67.Most New Zealanders believe it is good to teach children a second language.68.Chinese is the most common foreign language in New Zealand.69.Some languages develop your intelligence more than others. .Questions 70-74Look at the following statements (Questions 70-74) and the list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person, A-E.Choose the correct letter, A-E, for questions 70-74 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.70.Children learning two languages may learn one language faster.71.It has been unexpectedly difficult to raise a bilingual child in New Zealand.72.Children’s attitudes to language depend on general social attitudes.73.Learning a second language provides opportunities to learn another culture.74.Speaking a second language provides work opportunities.Question 75Choose TWO letters, A-F.Choose the correct letters for question 75 and mark your answer on the answer sheet. 75. Which TWO people stopped speaking one language as a child?A.Donna ChanB.Susanne DvorakC.Tiffany DvorakD.Cathie ElderE.Brigitte HalfordF.Joanne Powell。
2015中石油职称英语大纲模拟试题及答案解析
2015年大纲模拟试题(一)I. 单词1. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ___what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2. The ___of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.A. additionB. associationC. applicationD. affection3. He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been___.A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed4. Mr. Morgan can be very sad ___, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A. in personB. in privateC. by himselfD. as individual5. You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw downC. throw upD. throw away6. ___ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A. In regard forB. In regard toC. With regard ofD. Regardless for7. The medicine which the doctor gave her can only ___her temporarily from pain.A. relaxB. relieveC. relayD. release8. On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ___ eye.A. nakedB. bareC. fleshD. pure9. Many new __ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A. opportunitiesB. necessitiesC. probabilitiesD. realities10. The weather is highly __ at this time of the year and it is hard to know what to wear.A. variousB. variantC. variableD. varied11. When you go to a new country, you must __ yourself to new manners and customs.A. adoptB. fitC. suitD. adapt12. I found myself completely ___by his vivid performance.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD. carried on13. These safety measures will __ the reduction of accidents.A. give inB. result fromC. result inD. originate in14. Some discussion has ___about who should be put in charge of this project.A. risenB. liftedC. raisedD. arisen15. __ these changes we must revise our plan.A. In the course ofB. In the light of C, In spite of D. In addition to16. Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success___him in his later study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD. encouraged17. More and more cheaper materials are being ___ for the better, more expensive kind in production.A. replacedB. displacedC. substitutedD. transformed18. We are taking___ a collection to buy flowers for John because he is in the hospital.A. toB. upC. overD. off19. This is ___the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. by no meansD. for no reason20. The taxi had to ___because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upII.语法Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. So frightened ___ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was22. It was ___then that I came to know that knowledge comes from practice.A. untilB. not untilC. tillD. since23. Everything depends on __ we have enough time.A. ifB. whenC. whetherD. that24. I'd just as soon __ rudely to her.A. you not speakB. your not speakingC. you didn't speakD. you hadn't spoken25. ___you may be right, 1 can't altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since26.——I must have eaten something wrong. I feel like __.——I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You'd better __ at home.A. to throw up ... to eatB. throwing up ... eatingC. to throw up ... eatD. throwing up ... eat27. His response was __ that he didn't say yes and he didn't say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such28. __ nothing more to discuss, the CEO got to his feet, said goodbye and left the meeting room. (2010年)A. There wasB. BeingC. There beingD. As there being29. I went to my adviser to ask him what courses __.A. should I takeB. must I takeC. to takeD. I were to take30. I have not found my book yet. I'm not sure __ I could have done with it.A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. where31. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he __ it.A. never have believedB. never did believeC. could never believeD. would never have believed32. I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has___to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car33. __ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machine guns.A. SearchingB. Being searchingC. Searched D, To search34. Not until the year of 1954 __ made the capital of this province.A. the city wasB. when the city wasC. was the cityD. was when the city35. If the dog hadn't barked loudly, we ___caught red-handed.A. won't have beenB. needn't have beenC. mustn't have beenD. shouldn't have been36. The budget they made is unrealistic___it disregards increased costs.A. for thatB. for whichC. in thatD. in which37. The Latin class had twenty students, __ had had much better language training than I.A. most of whichB. whichC. most of themD. most of whom38. Close the door, ___?A. will youB. do youC. shall youD. don't you39. The storm___, they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hutD. being destroyed40. It was going to be some time __ he would see his father again.A. sinceB. whenC. untilD. beforeIII. 阅读理解Section ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the costof living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce, A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children's emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.41. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increases because___.A. children attend school for more yearsB. children are better dressedC. children spend more money on entertainmentD. all of the above42. What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn't pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her own interests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.43. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __.A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged44. The title of the article might be __.A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar (讨论会). The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic (语言的) feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal (情态的) verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question, I still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student's ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solveproblems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.45. In the USA, when the students are in class, __.A. a Chinese student tends to be very activeB. an American student likes to make troubleC. a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD. an American student tends to be vigorous46. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sincereB. be very directC. be very self confidentD. be very indifferent47. What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods between China and the USA?A. He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students' remembrance.C. He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.48. The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is __.A. more intimate in ChinaB. closer in ChinaC. looser in USAD. more harmonious in USAQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radio begins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence ofmeteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiply and divide--with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.Once it is given a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language -- a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered "memory" machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. At times computers seem almost human. They can "read" hand printed letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called "thinking" machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.49. "Program" means __.A. a plan of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performanceD. series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer50. The computer is a high powered "memory" machine, which __.A. has all the ready answers -- or almost all to any questionsB. can remember everythingC. can store everything and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored51. "Thinking" machines suggest that __.A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they even design other computersD. they can't think, but can do something under human control52. Can computers do whatever they want to do? Why?A. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B. No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C. No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city.This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build their own recycling plants before long.53. The main purpose of the passage is __.A. to show us a future way of recycling wastesB. to tell the importance of recycling wastesC. to warn people the danger of some wastesD. to introduce a new recycling plant54. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.55. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. Energy can be got at a lower price.56. Which of the following statements is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dictionaries.B. Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage:There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods. Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units (state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status) and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance. The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses--all of which led to modem descriptive statistics. From the influence of the father came modem inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data. These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grand level--variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum--or the data may represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type. Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reduction before they are comprehensible. Descriptive statistics is a tool for describing or summarizing or reducing to comprehensible from the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind. This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make prediction using 'a sample of observations. For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine of the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever. Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficient to question each child; the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children. Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.57. With what is the passage mainly concerned?A. The drawbacks of descriptive and inferential statistics.B. Applications of inferential statistics.C. The development and use of statistics.D. How to use descriptive statistics.58. Which of the following is NOT given as an example of qualitative variable?A. Gender.B. Height.C. College major.D. Type of personality.59. Which of the following statements about descriptive statistics is best supported by the passage?A. It simplifies unwieldy masses of data.B. R leads to increased variability.C. It solves all numerical problems.D. It changes qualitative variables to quantitative variables.60. According to the passage which is the purpose of examining a sample of a population?A. To compare different groups.B. To predict characteristics of the entire population.C. To consider all the quantitative variables.D. To tabulate collections of data.Section BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 61 in your work would depend, to a great extent, 62 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person63 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 64 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose.The chances are that he will do well.65 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 66 the strength and overcome the 67 that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first take stock of where you stand now. 68 we get further along in the book, we'll be dealing in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 69 skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 70 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.61. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement62. A. in B. on C. of D. to63. A. who B. what C. that D. which64. A. onto B. on C. off D. in65. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been66. A. except B. but C. for D. on67. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage68. A. as B. till C. over D. out69. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn70. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weaknessIV. 翻译Directions: There is 1 passage in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.The existence of oil wells has been known for a long time. Some of the Indians of North America used to collect and sell the oil from the wells of Pennsylvania. No one, however, seems to have realized the importance of this oil until it was found that paraffin-oil could be made from it; this led to the development of the wells and to the making of enormous profits. When the internal combustion engine was invented, oil became of worldwide importance.There are four main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear. The first is that of the Middle East, and includes the regions near the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, another is the area between North and South America, and the third, between Asia and Australia, includes the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java.The forth area is the part near the North Pole. When all the present oilfields are exhausted, it is possible that this cold region may become the scene of oil activity. Due to general working conditions and the environment, the costs may be so high that no company will undertake the work. And if they do, the cost of the oil will eventually be passed on to consumers. If progress in alternative power sources to drive machines is fast enough, it is possible that oil-driven engines may give place to the new kind of engine. In that case the demand for oil will fall, and theoilfields will gradually disappear, and the deposits at the North Pole may rest where they are for ever.翻译参考2013版大纲第47篇 oil模拟试题一参考答案及部分试题答案解析一、答案I. Vocabulary1-20 ACBBD BBAAC DCCDB DCBCDII. Grammatical Structure21-40 ABCCB DDCCB DBACD CDACDIII. Reading Comprehension41-60 DDCBD ACDDD DDABC DCBAB61-70 CBADC DBACCIV. Translation翻译答案略，请参考2007年版通用英语选读相关课文。
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题-1(word版)
模拟试题一I. Vocabulary SectionADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed3.You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw downC. throw upD. throw away4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A. In regard forB. In regard toC. With regard ofD. Regardless for5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye.A. nakedB. bareC. fleshD. pure6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A. opportunitiesB. necessitiesC. probabilitiesD. realities7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD. carried on8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in hislater study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD. encouraged9.This is the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. by no meansD. for no reason10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.-11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away.A. almostB. essentiallyC. alwaysD. conveniently12.The greatest physical distinction between humans and apes is the hollow space humans haveunder their chins.A. attractionB. dangerC. comfortD. difference13.Scientists are trying to develop computers that will simulate the human thought process.A. substituteB. assumeC. projectD. reflect14.Tenants do not own their own apartments, they merely occupy the dwellings.A. intellectualsB. rentersC. colonizersD. contractors15.Buddhist monks claim to detach their minds from their bodies.A. separateB. attachC. deliverD. detain16.We encountered the Smiths before leaving the parking lot.A. metB. sawC. helpedD. surprised17.Mr. Jones was taken in by that door to door salesman’s mooth talk. He paid almost $900.00 for avacuum cleaner.A. deceivedB. incitedC. implicatedD. saturated18.The chorale wanted to rehearse the song before the performance.A. singB. rewriteC. introduceD. practice19.Prejudice towards minorities probable stems from fear of the unknown.A. angerB. biasC. rudenessD. action20.It is unwise to provoke strange animals.A. feedB. touchC. angerD. chaseII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was22.___you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since23.—Imust have eaten something wrong. I feel like ___.—I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better at home.A. to throw up ... to catB. throwing up ... eatingC. to throw up ... catD. throwing up... cat24. His response was ___ that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such25. I have not found my book yet. I’m not sure ____I could have done with it.A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. where26. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ___ it.A. never have believedB. never did believeC. could never believeD. would never have believed27.I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car28.___ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machine guns.A. SearchingB. Being searchingC. SearchedD. To search29.Close the door, __ ?A. will youB. do youC. shall youD. don’t you30.The storm ___ ，they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hutD. being destroyedDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make theDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengthsand weaknesses. Success or 41 in your work would depend, to a great extent, 42 yourability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 43 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that heis going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 44 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.45 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviouslya weakness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 46 the strength and overcome the47 that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first take stock of where you stand now. 48 we get further along in the book, we'll be dealingin some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 49 skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 50 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.41. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement42. A. in B. on C. of D. to43. A. who B. what C. that D. which44. A. onto B. on C. off D. in45. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been46. A. except B. but C. for D. on47. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage48. A. as B. till C. over D. out49. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn50. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weaknessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is anincrease in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce, A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children's emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.51. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increasesbecauseA. children attend school for more yearsB. children are better dressedC. children spend more money on entertainmentD. all of the above52. What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn't pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her owninterests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.53. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged54. The title of the article might be __A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not asaggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar (讨论会). The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic (语言的) feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal (情态的) verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question, i still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student's ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.55. In the USA, when the students are in class, __A. a Chinese student tends to be very activeB. an American student likes to make troubleC. a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD. an American student tends to be vigorous56. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sincereB. be very directC. be very self-confidentD. be very indifferent57. What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods betweenChina and the USA?A. He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students'remembrance.C. He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.58. The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is __A. more intimate in ChinaB. closer in ChinaC. looser in USAD. more harmonious in USAQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radiobegins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiply and divide--with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.Once it is given a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised bya technician trained in computer language -- a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered "memory" machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. At times computers seem almost human. They can "read" hand printed letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called "thinking" machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.59. "Program" means __A. a plan of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performanceD. series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer60. The computer is a high powered "memory" machine, which __A. has all the ready answers -- or almost all to any questionsB. can remember everythingC. can store everything and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored61. "Thinking" machines suggest that __A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they even design other computersD. they can't think, but can do something under human control62. Can computers do whatever they want to do? Why?A. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B. No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C. No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with thegrowing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced tobuild their own recycling plants before long.63. The main purpose of the passage is __A. to show us a future way of recycling wastesB. to tell the importance of recycling wastesC. to warn people the danger of some wastesD. to introduce a new recycling plant64. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.65. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. Energy can be got at a lower price.66. Which of the following statements is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dictionaries.B. Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Section BDirections: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.The Motor CarA There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world ? and the number is rising by morethan 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets andmotorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.C Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance convenientlyaccessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. In the United Kingdom, about 90 per cent of inland freight is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?D In Europe most cities arc still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motorcar has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people.Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.E A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that cartransport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats，depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenientmode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.F Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines.But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars arc preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use i彡 increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible.G One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities andneighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision - and the capital - to make such profound changes in modem lifestyles.H A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into andaround cities, with sm all “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean bum cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modem computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.Questions 67-72This passage has eight paragraphs labelled A-H. Which paragraphs concentrate on the followinginformation? Choose the correct letter A-H for questions 67-72 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. a comparison of past and present transportation methods68. how driving habits contribute to road problems69. the relative merits of cars and public transport70. the writer's own prediction of future solutions71. the increasing use of motor vehicles72. the impact of the car on city developmentQuestions 73-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions73-75, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)73. Vehicle pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.74. Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.75. Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.。
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_2(word版)
模拟试题二I • Vocabulary Section ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.After we had been in the village for a few months, we so liked it that we decided to settle there ____A. in turnB. for goodC. as usualD. at most2.High speed aircraft is made of metals that can____ both high temperature and pressure.A. stand byB. put up withC. withholdD. withstand3.He failed again in the driving test. I don’t know why____ he was so nervous.A. in the earthB. on the earthC. in earthD. on earth4.No one can behave __ ，completely regardless of social conventions.A. at willB. at randomC. on purposeD. on easy5.With the winter here you can ____ these skirts till you need them again next summer.A. do away withB. put awayC. get rid ofD. give away6.In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to despite the shortage of food.A. liveB. surviveC. bearD. endure7.It is ___ practice to bring a present to ____ the hostess when one is invited to dinner.A. generalB. usualC. ordinaryD. common8.The Johnsons ___ t he house before they decided to buy it.A. looked outB. looked overC. looked afterD. looked on9.It was a long time before the cut on my hand _ ____ completely.A. healedB. recoveredC. improvedD. cured10.H e has to make a living by himself because he doesn’t have parents to____.A. keep onB. depend withC. rely onD. go toSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then, mark your answer on the answer sheet.11.M any parental groups advocate against lower drinking ages.A. recommendB. protestC. hurryD. rebel12.S upply side economic ideas have spread in popularity throughout the western world.A. disseminatedB. grownC. increasedD. enlarged13.S ince I has been ill, my appetite has diminished.A. desire for exerciseB. desire for visitorsC. desire for sleepD. desire for food14.H er husband is very competent: he will repair the roof himself.A. capableB. industriousC. thriftyD. careful15.C ontrary to popular belief, Cleopatra, the famous Egyptian queen, was Greek, spokesix language, and was a brilliant military strategist.A. an intelligentB. a knownC. a professionalD. a popular16. A conscientious teacher spends hours preparing for classes and correcting students' papers.A. creativeB. skillfulC. leadingD. careful17.T he initial step is often the most difficult.A. quickestB. longesC. lastD. first18.H e was greatly vexed by the new and unexpected development.A. astonishedB. annoyedC. enlightenedD. contented19.I n order to strengthen both the forearm and the grip, many athletes will repeatedly squeezea tennis ball in their hands.A. drenchB. impaleC. penetrateD. compress20.Isaac Stem manipulates his violin with exquistite beauty and grace.A. handlesB. carriesC. treatsD. maintainsII.Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ____ one's country was strong and respected.A. whenB. providedC. asD. unless22.Isn’t it love ly to think that I ____ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.A. will enjoyB. am enjoyingC. will be enjoyingD. shall enjoy23.He always dreams of ____ a chance for him to bring into full play his potential.A. there beingB. there to beC. there isD. being24.I’d just as soon remind __ those important documents with you.A. that you won’t takeB. your not takingC. please don’t takeD. you didn’t take25. ___ ，the book has many mistakes.A. Having not been written carefullyB. Not writing carefullyC. Having written not carefullyD. Not having been written carefully26.1 guess Jones didn’t have a chance to win the election.____ the people in the city voted for hisopponentA. Most all ofB. Most of allC. Almost all ofD. Almost the whole of27.Your hair needed __ ; 1 am glad you had it cut. •A. cutB. cuttingC. to cutD. being cut28. ___ a t the railway station when it began to rain.A. Hardly had he arrivedB. Hardly he had arrivedC. No sooner did he arriveD. No sooner arrived he29. ___ t he number of paid holidays enjoyed by most employees in the company, three weeks ofvacation seems generous.A. Compared withB. ComparedC. Comparing withD. Comparing30.He is younger than __A. any other boy in the classB. any boy in the classC. all boys in the classD. you and me as well as the classSection BDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make the sentence correct. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.31.In the United States, the Cabinet consist of a group advisers, each of whom is chosen by theA B CDPresident to head an executive department of the government.32.A great aviation pioneer. Amelia Earthart was already famous when she sets out on herA B Cill-fated attempt to circle the globe in 1936.D33.Total amount of the membership dues collected at the annual conference eas misplaced.A B C D34.Your intelligent and energy will help you solve any problem you encounter; useA Bthese strengths wisely.C D35.My colleagues and I did not find the new software program to be easy as the old one.A B CD36.M r. Lyons called to find out where was the meeting being held.ABC D37.R apidly fallen oil prices caused OPEC ministers to meet and plan a strategy.A B CD38.The voters were disappointed since they had expected knowing the outcome of theA B Celection before now.D39.The manager should receive a telephone call from Tokyo this morning, transfer it tohisABC D extension.40.L ooking for the perfect location and are assessing the needs of their company, the membersA Bof the executive committee took a long time before making their decision.C DIII. Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark youranswer on the Answer Sheet.Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 41 I became an animal collector in the first place. The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able ~' to say with any 42 was not the conventional "mamma" or "daddy", 43 the word "zoo",which I would repeat over and over again with a shrill voice until someone, in group to 44 me up, would take me to the zoo. When I grew a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great45 of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare-time exploring thecountryside in search of fresh specimens to 46 to my collection of pets. later on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 47 , to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches, which were not easy to keep at home~ When I left, I successfully had enough money of my own to be able to 48 my first trip and I have been going regularly ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 49, it is certainly a job which will appeal 70 all those who Jove animals and travel.4 1. A. how B. where C. when D. whether42. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection43. A. except B. but C. except for D. but for44. A. close B. shut C. stop D. comfort45. A. many B. amount C. number D. supply46. A. increase B. include C. add D. enrich47. A. attendant B. keeper C. member D. aide48. A. pay B. provide C. allow D. finance49. A. expectations B. sorrows C. excitement D. disappointments50. A. for B. with C. to D. fromIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:According to the dictionary definition of "create", ordinary people are creative every day. To create means "to bring into being, to cause to exist"--something each of us does daily.We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sense to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. If we believe the expression, "There is nothing new under the sun," the creativity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to create an unusual photograph.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ideas, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to workis another.These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.51. The author holds thatA. creativity is of highly demandB. creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extentC. creativity is to create something new and concreteD. to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one's creativity52. "There is nothing new under the sun." (Par. 3) really implies that __A. we can seldom create new thingsB. a new thing is only a taleC. a new thing can only be created at the basis of original thingsD. we can scarcely see really new things in the world53. What does the author think about the relationship between a new thought and its being put into practice?A. It's more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.B. To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.C. One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.D. A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.54. The best title for this passage is __A. How to Cultivate One's CreativityB. What is CreativityC. The Importance of CreativityD. Creativity--a Not Farway ThingQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:Born in 1830 in rural Amherst, Massachusetts, Emily Dickinson spent her entire life in the household of her parents. Between 1858 and 1862, it was later discovered, she wrote like a person possessed, often producing a poem a day. It was also during this period that her life was transformed into the myth of Amherst. Withdrawing more and more, keeping to her room, sometimes even refusing to see visitors who called, she began to dress only in white--a habit that added to her reputation as an eccentric.In their determination to read Dickinson's life in terms of a traditional romantic plot, biographers have missed the unique pattern of her life--her struggle to create a female life not yet imagined by the culture in which she lived. Dickinson was not the innocent, lovelorn and emotionally fragile girl sentimentalized by the Dickinson myth and popularized by William Luce's 1976 play, the Belle of Amherst. Her decision to shut the door on Amherst society in the 1850's transformed her house into a kind of magical realm in which she was free to engage her poetic genius. Her seclusion was not the result of a failed love affair, but rather a part of a more general pattern of renunciation through which she, in her quest for self sovereignty, carried on an argument with the puritan fathers, attacking with wit and irony their cheerless Calvinist doctrine, their stem patriarchal God, and their rigid notions of "true womanhood".55. What's the author's main purpose in the passage?A. To interpret Emily Dickinson's eccentric behavior.B. To promote the popular myth of Emily Dickinson.C. To discuss Emily Dickinson's failed love affair.D. To describe the religious climate in Emily Dickinson's time.56. Which of the following is not mentioned as being one of Emily Dickinson's eccentricities?A. Refusing to eat.B. Wearing only white.C. Avoiding visitors.D. Staying in her room.57. The author implies that many people attribute Emily Dickinson's seclusion to __A. physical illnessB. a failed love affairC. religious fervorD. her dislike of people58. It can be inferred from the passage that Emily Dickinson lived in a society that wascharacterized by __A. strong Puritan beliefsB. equality of men and womenC. the encouragement of nonconformityD. the appreciation of poetic creativityQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plentyof forests to cut and grasslands to pl0w. But that was once upon a time.. The days of unused land are over. Now the land has been spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matter of population growth. Our modem technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports. Each of these land uses swallows up precious space. Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl -- the spreading out of cities -- is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. A forest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.59. "...the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around" means that __A. the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk aroundB. the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyoneC. the United States could provide whatever its inhabitents' needsD. the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to60. The sentence of "Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over" suggests thatA, the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys, tooB. the rivers could be dammed laterC. rural valleys would be considered in the futureD. people needn't think of the rivers and valleys61. "Now the land has been spoken for, ..." tells us that __A. today, land has shown its valuesB. now, people have said something about landC. nowadays, land has been claimed by human beingsD. recently, people spoke for the land62. The word "sprawl" indicates thatA. cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demandsB. urban areas are diminishing smoothlyC. urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned wayD. cities are spreading out without any plansQuestions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kindsof people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies (一分为二). This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.63. What kind of society tends to promote social changes?A. A society where people are similar in many ways.B. A society where there are only white people.C. A society where there are only black people.D. A society where there is a mixture of different kinds of people.64. Which of the following is not true, according to the passage?A. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.B. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were old.C. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to promote social change.D. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.65. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many waysbecauseA. people there are easy to pleaseB. people there are less argumentaryC. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think itnecessary to changeD. people there have same needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty66. The passage is mainly discussingA. two different societiesB. certain factors that determine the case with which social change occursC. the necessity of social changeD. the significance of social changeSection BDirections: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.Tidal PowerUndersea turbines which produce electricity from the tides are set to become an important source of renewable energy for Britain. It is still too early to predict the extent of the impact they may have, but all the signs are that they will play a significant role in the future.A Operating on the same principle as wind turbines, the power in sea turbines comes from tidal currentswhich turn blades similar to ships’ propellers, but, unlike wind, the tides are predictable and the power input is constant. The technology raises the prospect of Britain becoming self-sufficient in renewable energy and drastically reducing its carbon dioxide emissions. If tide，wind and wave power are all developed, Britain would be able to close gas, coal and nuclear power plants and export renewable power to other parts of Europe. Unlike wind power, which Britain originally developed and then abandoned for 20 years allowing the Dutch to make it a major industry, undersea turbines could become a big export earner to island nations such as Japan and NewZealand.B Tidal sites have already been identified that will produce one sixt h or more of the UK’s power• and at prices competitive with modem gas turbines and undercutting those of the already ailing nuclear industry. One site alone, the Pentland Firth, between Orkney and mainland Scotland, could produce 10% of the country's electricity with banks of turbines under the sea, and another at Alderney in the Channel Islands three times the 1,200 megawatts of Britain’s largest andnewest nuclear plant, Sizewell B，in Suffolk. Other sitesidentified include the Bristol Channel and the west coast of Scotland, particularly the channel between Campbeltown and Northern Ireland.C Work on designs for the new turbine blades and sites are well advanced at the University ofSouthampton’s sustainable energy research group. The first station is exp ected to be installed off Lynmouth in Devon shortly to test the technology in a venture jointly funded by the department of Trade and Industry and the European Union. AbuBakr Bahaj, in charge of the Southampton research, said: “The prospects for energy fro m tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. There are a few technical difficulties, but I believe in the next five to ten years wc will be installing commercial marine turbine farms.” Southampton has been awarded £215,000 over th ree years to develop the turbines and is working with Marine Current Turbines, a subsidiary of IT power, on the Lynmouth project. EU research has now identified 106 potential sites for tidal power, 80% round the coasts of Britain. The best sites are between islands or around heavily indented coasts where there are strong tidal currents.D A marine turbine blade needs to be only one third of the size of a wind generator to produce threetimes as much power. The blades will be about 20 meters in diameter, so around 30 metres of water is required. Unlike wind power, there are unlikely to be environmental objections. Fish and other creatures are thought unlikely to be at risk from the relatively slow-turning blades. Each turbine will be mounted on a tower which will connect to the national power supply grid via underwater cables. The towers will stick out of the water and be lit, to warn shipping, and also be designed to be lifted out of the water for maintenance and to clean seaweed from the blades.E Dr Bahaj has done most work on the Alderney site, where there arc powerful currents. The singleundersea turbine farm would produce far more power than needed for the Channel Islands and most would be fed into the French Grid and be re-imported into Britain via the cable under the Channel.F One technical difficulty is cavitation, where low pressure behind a turning blade causes airbubbles. These can cause vibration and damage the blades of the turbines. Dr Bahaj said: “We have to test a number of blade types to avoid this happening or at least make sure it does not damage the turbines or reduce performance. Another slight concern is submerged debris floating into the blades. So far we do not know how much of a problem it might be. We will have tomake the turbines robust because the sea is a hostile environment, but all the signs that we can doit are good.”Questions 67-70This passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Choose the correct letter, A-F, for questions 67-70 and mark your choice on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. the location of the first test site68. a way of bringing the power produced on one site back into Britain69. a reference to a previous attempt by Britain to find an alternative source of energy70. mention of the possibility of applying technology from another industryQuestions 71-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 71-75, chooseA. if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B. if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C. if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)71. It is a more reliable source of energy than wind power.72. Its introduction has come as a result of public pressure.73. It could contribute to the closure of many existing power stations in Britain.74. It could face a lot of resistance from other fuel industries.75. It is best produced in the vicinity of coastlines with particular features.。
中石油职称英语模拟试题一精讲
模拟试题一Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:In the past( 过去 ), American families tended to （ tend to do 偏向于） be quite large. 过去美国人的家庭偏向于大家庭。
Parents raising(raise 的此刻分词， v. 养育 ) five or more children were common （ adj. 常有的，一般的） . 父亲母亲养育五个或更多的小孩是常有的。
Over the years, the size （ n. 大小，尺寸） of the family has decreased （decrease 的过去分词， v. 减少，缩短，变小） . 经过了这些年，美国家庭的尺寸已经变小了。
One reason for this （介词短语作 reason 的定语） is an increase （ n. 增加，增加率）in （注意介词 in 的使用） the cost （n. 成本） of living. 这类状况的一个原由是生活成本的增加。
On the average （按均匀值；往常） , children attend （vt. 参加；上（学，教堂）；列席） schools for more years than they used to （过去常常） , making them financially（adv.财政上）dependent （ adj. 依靠的）on（注意介词 on 的固定搭配，也可用upon） their families longer.往常状况下，孩子们此刻在学校里呆的年限要比本来的孩子更长了，这使得他们在财务上依靠父亲母亲的时间就更长。
Moreover（adv. 并且，别的） , children nowadays（此刻） are better dressed（ dress 的被动式， v. 衣着，衣着） and have more moneyto spend on（开销在上）entertainment （n. 娱乐） . 别的，此刻的孩子们衣着得越来越好，并且花更多的钱在娱乐上。
2015新版中石油职称英语模拟考精彩试题_1(word版)
模拟试題一I. Vocabulary SectionADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't ____ what color it was.A. make outB. look toC. look outD. take in2.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been____A. imposedB. exposedC. composedD. opposed3.You should these tables and buy new ones.A. throw offB. throw downC. throw upD. throw away4. _ ____ their suggestions， we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A. In regard forB. In regard toC. With regard ofD. Regardless for5.On cloudy nights it is not possible to see the stars with ____ eye.A. nakedB. bareC. fleshD. pure6.Many new _____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A. opportunitiesB. necessitiesC. probabilitiesD. realities7.I found myself completely _ ____ by his vivid performance.A. carried outB. carried offC. carried awayD. carried on8.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success ____ him in hislater study.A. persuadedB. promisedC. urgedD. encouraged9.This is the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. by no meansD. for no reason10.The taxi had to _ because the traffic light had turned red.A. set upB. catch upC. shut upD. pull upSection BDirections: There are 10 sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.-11.The roof of the house was practically falling in and the front steps were rotting away.A. almostB. essentiallyC. alwaysD. conveniently12.The greatest physical distinction between humans and apes is the hollow space humans haveunder their chins.A. attractionB. dangerC. comfortD. difference13.Scientists are trying to develop computers that will simulate the human thought process.A. substituteB. assumeC. projectD. reflect14.Tenants do not own their own apartments, they merely occupy the dwellings.A. intellectualsB. rentersC. colonizersD. contractors15.Buddhist monks claim to detach their minds from their bodies.A. separateB. attachC. deliverD. detain16.We encountered the Smiths before leaving the parking lot.A. metB. sawC. helpedD. surprised17.Mr. Jones was taken in by that door to door salesman’s mooth talk. He paid almost $900.00 fora vacuum cleaner.A. deceivedB. incitedC. implicatedD. saturated18.The chorale wanted to rehearse the song before the performance.A. singB. rewriteC. introduceD. practice19.Prejudice towards minorities probable stems from fear of the unknown.A. angerB. biasC. rudenessD. action20.It is unwise to provoke strange animals.A. feedB. touchC. angerD. chaseII. Grammatical StructureSection ADirections: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.21.So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was22.___you may be right, I can’t altogether agree.A. AsB. WhileC. IfD. Since23.—Imust have eaten something wrong. I feel like ___.—I told you not to eat at a restaurant. You’d better at home.A. to throw up ... to catB. throwing up ... eatingC. to throw up ... catD. throwing up... cat24. His response was ___ that he didn’t say yes and he didn’t say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such25. I have not found my book yet. I’m not sure ____I could have done with it.A. whetherB. whatC. whyD. where26. He is sure that there was a flying saucer over there. If he hadn't seen it himself, he ___ it.A. never have believedB. never did believeC. could never believeD. would never have believed27.I wish Bill would drive us to the train station but he has ____ to take us all.A. very small a carB. too small a carC. a too small carD. such a small car28.___ the building for stolen goods, the police found twenty machine guns.A. SearchingB. Being searchingC. SearchedD. To search29.Close the door, __ ?A. will youB. do youC. shall youD. don’t you30.The storm ___ ，they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hutB. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hutD. being destroyedDirections: In questions 31-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase which is incorrect and must be changed to make theIII． Cloze TestDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengthsand weaknesses. Success or 41 in your work would depend, to a great extent, 42 yourability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 43 begins a job convinced that lie isn't going to like it or is sure that heis going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 44 his belief that he is probably as capable of doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt by it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.45 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviouslya weakness. A book keeper who can't add or a carpenter who can't cut a straight line with a saw is hopeless cases.This book has been designed to help you capitalize 46 the strength and overcome the47 that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you mustfirst take stock of where you stand now. 48 we get further along in the book, we'll be dealingin some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 49 skills. However, to begin with, you should pause to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 50 , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.41. A. improvement B. victory C. failure D. achievement42. A. in B. on C. of D. to43. A. who B. what C. that D. which44. A. onto B. on C. off D. in45. A. Have B. Had C. Having D. Had been46. A. except B. but C. for D. on47. A. idea B. weakness C. strength D. advantage48. A. as B. till C. over D. out49. A. learnt B. learned C. learning D. learn50. A. intelligence B. work C. attitude D. weaknessIV. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 51 to 54 are based on the following passage:In the past, American families tended to be quite large. Parents raising five or more children were common. Over the years, the size of the family has decreased. One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living. On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer. Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment. The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses. Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be. More and more American mothers work away from home. The break up of the family occurs when the parents divorce, A lot of children in the U. S. live part of their young lives with only one parent. Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike. Children blame themselves when their parents separate. They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents. Usually one parent is responsible for raising the children. These single parents must care for the children's emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially. This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent's own personal interests. Single parents often marry other single parents. In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship. The situations of many American families today are not good. However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better. The divorce rate is declining. The rate of childbirth is rising. Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are.51. To parents who take the responsibility for children's expenses, the cost of living increasesbecauseA. children attend school for more yearsB. children are better dressedC. children spend more money on entertainmentD. all of the above52. What problems would broken families bring to both children and parents?A. Children grow up feeling unsettled and parents didn't pay much attention to children.B. Children grow up feeling free and one parent is responsible for raising the children.C. Children are moved back and forth between parents and the single parent is busy working to make money to support himself/herself.D. Children grow up feeling unsettled, and the parents have little time for his/her owninterests because one parent is too busy taking care of children.53. According to the author, the situations of American families in the future may __A. become worseB. remain the sameC. get betterD. keep unchanged54. The title of the article might be __A. American ChildrenB. American FamiliesC. American MotherD. American ParentsQuestions 55 to 58 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted theprofessor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar (讨论会). The professor didn't act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic (语言的) feature of his interacting with his students wasthat he used many modal (情态的) verbs--far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, "This is my personal opinion and it could be wrong." or "You could beright, but you might find this point of view also interesting." In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question, i still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students uniformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student's ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not only as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.55. In the USA, when the students are in class, __A. a Chinese student tends to be very activeB. an American student likes to make troubleC. a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD. an American student tends to be vigorous56. A teacher in the USA prefers to __ when he answers questions.A. be very sincereB. be very directC. be very self-confidentD. be very indifferent57. What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teaching methods betweenChina and the USA?A. He thinks that Chinese teaching methods can make students learn more.B. He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to improve students'remembrance.C. He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D. He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.58. The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the teacher is __A. more intimate in ChinaB. closer in ChinaC. looser in USAD. more harmonious in USAQuestions 59 to 62 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radiobegins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can. The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations--add, subtract, multiply and divide--with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.Once it is given a "program" -- that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised bya technician trained in computer language -- a computer can gather a wide range of information formany purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keepbank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered "memory" machine that "has all the answers"--or almost all. Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do. At times computers seem almost human. They can "read" hand printed letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called"thinking" machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. Acomputer has only a few hundred thousand parts. For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10, 000 times more complex than a computer. How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.59. "Program" means __A. a plan of what is to be doneB. a complete show on a TV station at a fixed time tableC. a scheduled performanceD. series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer60. The computer is a high powered "memory" machine, which __A. has all the ready answers -- or almost all to any questionsB. can remember everythingC. can store everything and work for youD. has all the answers -- or almost to all the information that has been stored61. "Thinking" machines suggest that __A. they can "read" hand printed letters etcB. they really can think and do many other jobsC. they even design other computersD. they can't think, but can do something under human control62. Can computers do whatever they want to do? Why?A. Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B. No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C. No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D. No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 63 to 66 are based on the following passage:Within fifteen years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes for the recycling of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning becauseeverything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most dangerous and unpleasant wastes would provide energy if nothing else.The latest project is to take a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what raw materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be provided if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This plant would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber aswell.Another new project is being set up to discover the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is usually packed;then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the lightest elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders and rollers break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of iron and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, fifteen years away. Indeed, with thegrowing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced tobuild their own recycling plants before long.63. The main purpose of the passage is __A. to show us a future way of recycling wastesB. to tell the importance of recycling wastesC. to warn people the danger of some wastesD. to introduce a new recycling plant64. How many stages are there in the recycling process?A. 3.B. 4.C. 5.D. 6.65. What is the main reason for big cities to build their own recycling plants?A. To deal with wastes in a better way.B. It's a good way to gain profits.C. It's more economical than to dump wastes in some distant places.D. Energy can be got at a lower price.66. Which of the following statements is true?A. The word "rubbish" will soon disappear from dictionaries.B. Dangerous wastes can be recycled into nothing but energy.C. To recycle paper and rubber will still be impossible even with the new recycling methods.D. Big cities will soon have their own recycling plants.Section BDirections: You should answer questions 67-75 which are based on the following passages.Markyour answer on the answer sheet.The Motor CarA There are now over 700 million motor vehicles in the world • and the number is rising by morethan 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too - from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence onmotor vehicles has given rise to major problems, including environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety.B While emissions from new cars are far less harmful than they used to be, city streets andmotorways are becoming more crowded than ever, often with older trucks, buses and taxis which emit excessive levels of smoke and fumes. This concentration of vehicles makes air quality in urban areas unpleasant and sometimes dangerous to breathe. Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes. In Mexico City, vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.C Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance convenientlyaccessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brought personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. In the United Kingdom, about 90 per cent of inland freight is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and polluting ways of transporting people and goods?D In Europe most cities arc still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motorcar has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life without a car is next to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people.Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour.E A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that cartransport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of the external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats，depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit.F Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines.But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars arc preferred by customers and how they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use i彡 increasing ata faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology isnow making possible.G One solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities andneighbourhoods so that car journeys are not necessary - all essential services being located within walking distance or easily accessible by public transport. Not only would this save energy and cut carbon dioxide emissions, it would also enhance the quality of community life, putting the emphasis on people instead of cars. Good local government is already实用文档标准bringing this about in some places. But few democratic communities are blessed with the vision - and the capital - to make such profound changes in modem lifestyles.H A more likely scenario seems to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into andaround cities, with small “low emission” cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean bum cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integration of transport systems is also highly desirable - and made more feasible by modem computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate.Questions 67-72This passage has eight paragraphs labelled A-H. Which paragraphs concentrate on the followinginformation? Choose the correct letter A-H for questions 67-72 and mark your answer on the answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.67. a comparison of past and present transportation methods68. how driving habits contribute to road problems69. the relative merits of cars and public transport70. the writer's own prediction of future solutions71. the increasing use of motor vehicles72. the impact of the car on city developmentQuestions 73-75Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in this passage? For questions 73-75, chooseA.if the statement agrees with the views of the writer (YES)B.if the statement contradicts the views of the writer (NO)C.if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this (NOT GIVEN)73. Vehicle pollution is worse in European cities than anywhere else.74. Technology alone cannot solve the problem of vehicle pollution.75. Redesigning cities would be a short-term solution.。
中石油职称英语考试试卷暨答案
\I. Vo Q:2409934629Directions:contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti"天然气Natural gas生油层Hydrocarbon generation油气运移Oil and gas migration垂直运移The vertical migration侧向运移Lateral migration储集层reservoir含有层Containing layer圈闭trap盖层cover隔层interlay遮挡Keep out含油面积Oil-bearing area油水边界Oil-water boundary储油面积Storage area工业油气藏Industrial oil and gas reservoirs构造油气藏Structural reservoirs地层油气藏Stratigraphic reservoirs岩性油气藏Lithologic reservoir储油构造Oil storage structure地质构造Geological structure沉积相The sedimentary facies沉积环境Sedimentary environmentwo languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, someEuropean firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language.纵向分辨率verticalresolution测井仪器能够分辨出的地层的最小厚度。
电测井仪器通常以纵向积分几何因子为90%时对应的地层厚度作为仪器的纵向分辨率。
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(完整版)新版中石油职称英语模拟考试题_3(word版)
模拟试題三I. Vocabulary Section ADirections：There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part。
For each sentence there are four choices marked A， B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the answer sheet.1.You’ll have to buy some new shoes as these are .A. used up B。
wasted away C。
broken down D. worn out2.Will all those the proposal raise their hands？A. in relation toB. in excess ofC. in contrast to D。
in favor of3.He is among those lucky students who have won to first rate university.A. permission B。
admittance C。
profession D. admission4.People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their cars, and this createsfurther problems。
A。
after all B. in turn C。
in case D. in time5.He was unable to _ to the group what he meant。
A. get in B。
get across C. get along D. get off6.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can’t so much noise.A。
中石油职称英语中石油职称英语考试卷模拟考试题.docx
《中石油职称英语》考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。
1、<p> German, spoken by just over 100 million people, is one of the world ’s ten-largest languages （）population.<br /> </p>（ ） A.inplaceof B.bymeansof C.intermsof D.bywayof2、The Chinese nation has （） significantly to the progress of human civilization.（ ）A.relatedB.contributedC.owedD.attached3、The bees （）out o ftheir hive.（ ） A.flocked B.swarmed C.packed D.crowded4、I was exhausted when I reached home, and I flung myself down on the front steps to （）.（ ） A.discover B.recover C.dissolve D.retreat姓名：________________ 班级：________________ 学号：________________--------------------密----------------------------------封 ----------------------------------------------线-------------------------5、（） all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.（）A.InsteadofB.InspiteofC.InsearchofD.Becauseof6、The first step is to （） your problem and go to work on it.（）A.recognizeB.revengeC.recollectD.receive7、1 （） into the dark, sure that I would finally reach the hospital.（）A.workoutB.setoutC.makeoutD.putout8、I believe in the （） worth of the individual and in his right to hfe, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.（）A.superiorB.surplusC.supremeD.suppress9、There is one suggestion that the footsteps of crowds walking the streets in major cities could （） energy.（）A.assembleB.gatherC.generateD.yield10、It is possible to predict how much energy and water a building will consume, how much （） will be needed（）A.matterB.thingsC.materialD.substance11、We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we （）a movie.（）A.takeinB.keepdownC.takeoverD.takeafter12、The speaker is the person who （） a speech transaction.（）A.initialB.initiatesC.initiativesD.initiation13、The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being （） continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.（）A.rehearsed B.revised C.renewed D.retiled14、The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra（）.（）A.expandB.offerC.priceD.charge15、A professional degree will （） an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.（）A.feellikeB.resultinC.holdonD.keepto16、A green building is （） to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.（）A.established B.estimated puted D.counter17、If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother （） what is said or written.（）A.speakingnguageC.sayingD.tongue18、Scientists are （） about the formation of coal.（）A.confidentialB.conferC.confidentD.conform19、Purchasing the new production line will be a （） deal for the corporation.（）A.profitableB.tremendousC.forcefulD.favorite20、He felt a bit （） because her life seemed completely out of balance.（）A.depressedB.suppressC.thoughtfulD.weakness21、Some people wait for （） to come knocking. Some people sought it out.（）A.necessityB.opportunityC.realityD.probability22、If things are going badly, the optimist acts quickly, looking for （）and forming a new plan of action.（）A.resultB.solutionsC.responseD.settlement23、Plants use the carbon, along with sunlight, for growth, and （）oxygen into the atmosphere in a process known as photosynthesis.（）A.relieveB.relateC.releaseD.retain24、We all gather facts and （） conclusions, but we have very different styles of thinking.（）A.pullB.drawC.takeD.receive25、Alberta （） fourth in population among Canadian provinces.（）A.ranksB.occupiesC.arrangesD.classifies26、In a given month, Friday is the 21st day of the month. What day of the week was the 5th of the month? （）（）A.MondayB.ThursdayC.SaturdayD.Wednesday27、Love can （） imperfection.（）A.resistB.sustainC.undergoD.tolerate28、Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names （）.（）A.whichindicatedtheircharacterpropertiesB.whosecharacteristicpropertiesareindicatingC.whatcharacterizetheirindicatedpropertiesD.thatindicatetheircharacteristicproperties29、（），he had to leave school.（）A.Sincehisfather’sunemploymentB.SincehisfatherwasunemployedC.HisfatherwasunemploymentD.Becauseofhisfatherwasunemployment30、（）astrology and alchemy may be regarded as fundamental aspects of thought is indicated by their apparent universality.（）A.Bothare B.Whatboth C.Both D.Thatboth。
【真正】2015中石油英语职称考试大纲中模拟试题答案及解析
2015中石油英语职称考试大纲中模拟试题答案及解析模拟试题一参考答案及解析I. Vocabulary 1-20 ABDBA ACDCD ADDBA AADBCII. Grammatical Structure 21-40 ABDDB DBAAC DDDBB BACDA III. Close Test 41-50 CBADC DBACCIV. Reading Comprehension 51-66 DDCB DACD DDDD ABCD 67C 68F 69E 70H 71A 72D 73C 74A 75B二、解析I. VOCABULARYSECTION A1.【答案】A【译文】我只能看到远处一辆汽车，可是分辨不出汽车的颜色。
【试题分析】词组辨析题。
【详细解答】make out意为“辩认出，理解”，符合句意。
B.look to“照顾，负责”，C.look out“当心，提防”，D.take in“容纳，理解，欺骗（多用于被动态）”，均不符合句意。
2.【答案】B【译文】他咕噜地说了些什么，仿佛泄露了一个秘密，脸一下红了。
【试题分析】此题为形近词辨析题，题干中“secret”和“blush”为关键词，“mumble”并不影响答案的选择。
【词义辨析】expose暴露；泄露：be exposed to the sun暴露在阳光之下。
A.impose常与介词on搭配，表示“把…强加于…上”。
如：impose one's idea on others 把某人的思想强加给别人。
pose组成：be composed of由…组成。
D.oppose反对：be opposed to this plan反对这一计划。
3.【答案】D【译文】你应该把这些桌子扔了，买些新的。
【试题分析】此题考有关throw的短语辨析。
【词组辨析】throw away扔掉：Don't throw this book away. It may be used later。
中石油 职称英语考试
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】中石油职称英语考试2015版通用选读目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值...................................................................................................................................2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言.................................................................................................3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... ...........................................................................................................4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新）..................................................................................work Security 网络安全 ........................................................................................................................................6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料...................................................................................................................7.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 ............................................................................................8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 ....................................................................................................................................9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 ..............................................................................................................10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 .......................................................................................11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 .................................................................................................................................12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛 .................................................................................................................13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗?.......................................................................................14..Taking chances，Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇.......................................................................................15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 ........................................................................................................................16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观 ...........................................................................................................puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率...........................................................18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 ................................................................................................19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油..................................................................................................................20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系.......................................................................................................................21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 ..........................................................................................................22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 .....................................................................................................................23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐............................................................................................................24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述..................................................................................................................25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知.............................................................................................。
参考答案与解析_2015年职称英语考试历年真题详解及全真模拟试卷（理工类）_[共6页]
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参考答案与解析
第一部分：词汇选项
1.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：Patricia 怨恨地瞪着其他的女孩。resentment“愤恨”，四个选项：anger“愤怒”； doubt“怀疑”；love“爱”；surprise“惊奇”。 2.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile“编辑、编写”，四个选项：write“写”；print “印刷”；attach“系，贴”；send“送”。 3.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate“培养”，四个选项：share“分享”；use “使用”；deny“否定”；develop“发展”。 4.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：在解决这些社会问题上我们看到明显的转变。marked“明显的，显著的”，四个选 项：clear“清晰的”；regular“规律的”；quick“迅速的”；great“伟大的 , 很大的”。 5.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful“优雅的”，四个选项：polite“有礼貌 的”；similar“类似的”；usual“通常的”；bad“坏的”。 6.【答案】A 【解析】句意为：我们再也不能忍受他的行为。put up with“忍受”，四个选项：bear“忍受，承 受”；accept“接受”；support“支持”；oppose“反对”；根据题意，A 项符合题意。 7.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：嘈杂的声音让人烦恼。irritating“让人烦恼的”，四个选项：confusing“使人糊涂 的”；interesting“有趣的”；stimulating“刺激性的，起激励作用的”；annoying“使烦恼的”；根据题 意，D 项符合题意。 8.【答案】B 【解析】句意为：那位选手时不时的与裁判争论。eternally“不断的”，四个选项：desperately“拼命 地”；constantly“持续地，不断地”；eventually“最终”；extensively“广大地”；根据题意，B 项符合 题意。 9.【答案】A 【 解 析 】 句 意 为： 州 长 对 他 的 税 收 计 划 给 出 了 相 当 模 糊 的 提 纲。vague“ 模 糊 的 ”， 四 个 选 项： unclear“不确切的，不明确的”；firm“坚定的”；short“短暂的”；neat“干净的”；根据题意，A 项 符合题意。 10.【答案】C 【解析】句意为：在内华达州，赌博是合法的。lawful“合法的”，四个选项：popular“流行的”； booming“兴旺的”；legal“合法的”；profitable“有利可图的”；根据题意，C 项符合题意。 11.【答案】D 【解析】句意为：你最近和她谈过话吗？ lately“最近”，四个选项：lastly“最后”；finally“最后， 最终”；shortly“短暂地”；recently“最近”；根据题意，D 项符合题意。
2015中石油职称英语阅读题：Hydrogen Cars原文及答案
Hydrogen CarsARecord gas prices are making road trips more expensive than ever. But what if, instead of gas, your car ran on the most abundant element in our universe? Many experts think hydrogen will replace petrol, diesel and natural gas as the main fuel for cars, buses and trucks over the next few decades. Already car manufacturers around the world have invested billions of dollars in research and development.BThe advantages of hydrogen are enormous: no more smog-forming exhaust gases, no more carbon dioxide emissions that contribute to global warming, no more worries about diminishing oil supplies and rising prices. But some tricky questions need to be answered before mass- produced hydrogen cars start appearing on the streets. Where will the hydrogen come from? How will motorists fill up? How will cars store the fuel? And there’s also the question of how best to tap the energy in the fuel for good, on-road performance.CTwo kinds of engines can use hydrogen as a fuel; those that have an internal combustion engine converted to use it and those that are made up of a stack of fuel cells. Internal combustion engines have powered cars since they first began to replace horse-drawn carriages more than 100 years ago. These engines can be converted to run on a variety of fuels, including hydrogen. However, most car makers think that fuel cells powering an electric motor offer a better alternative. Unlike heavy batteries that need frequent recharging, fuel cells make electricity as they go. Recent developments in technology too have substantially increased the amount of power that a stack of cells can provide. This has opened up the prospect of efficient, non-polluting electric cars.DFuel cell technology sounds simple. The hydrogen fuel reacts with oxygen from the air to produce water and electricity, the reverse of the familiar electrolysis process that releases oxygen and hydrogen from water. In reality of course it’s a bit more complicated. The big advantage of a fuel cell engine over an internal combustion engine running on hydrogen is its greater efficiency. The same amount of hydrogen will take a fuel cell car at least twice as far as one with a converted internal combustion engine.EHydrogen has numerous advantages as a fuel for vehicles, but a big disadvantage is that it is difficult to store. This is because at normal temperatures hydrogen is a gas. The obvious solutions are to strongly compress the hydrogen, or liquefy it. However, tanks designed to hold hydrogen at extremely high pressures, or at temperatures approaching absolute zero, are heavy and expensive. So, high cost and the large amount of energy needed to liquefy the fuel are likely to be the major problems with refuelling with liquid hydrogen. Filling up with compressed hydrogen gas will probably prove more practical, even though it may reduce the distance between fills. Cars could store the hydrogen in high pressure tanks similar to those used forcompressed natural gas or specially treated carbon may also hold large amounts.FAlthough there’s no risk that we’ll ever run out of hydrogen, on Earth it exists naturally only in chemical compounds, not as hydrogen gas. A relatively simple principal technology, steam reforming, can produce hydrogen gas for cars at central plants or filling stations. Alternatively fuel tanks could be filled with petrol or methanol, with the cars using on-board reformers to generate hydrogen for their fuel cells. This shows promise as a transitional measure while research proceeds on the problems of storing hydrogen. Water is the only potentially pollution- free source of hydrogen. Researchers are looking at new ways of producing hydrogen from water such as using algae, bacteria or photovoltaic cells to absorb sunlight and split water into hydrogen and oxygen. But the technology most likely to be adopted on a large scale is electrolysis, which uses an electric current to split water into oxygen and hydrogen.G‘Remember the Hindenburg’ –that’s a phrase often heard when hydrogen is discussed. This German passenger airship, kept aloft by hydrogen, crashed in flames as it came in to land at Lakehurst, New Jersey, USA in May 1937. Thirty-five people died. Nowadays helium, which can’t burn, is the gas of choice for lighter-than-air craft. Hydrogen is highly flammable, but recent research has indicated that the airship’s fabric, not hydrogen, was the culprit in the Hindenburg disaster. Properly handled, there’s no reason to think hydrogen is any more dangerous as a fuel than petrol, the explosive liquid now carried safely in the tanks of untold millions of motor vehicles.HRecent technological advances, particularly in fuel cell design, have made hydrogen-powered cars a practical proposition, and car makers expect to start mass-producing them within the next decade or so. Their power and acceleration should match those of today’s conventionally- powered vehicles, but they may have to be refuelled more often. The best ways to produce, distribute and store the hydrogen still have to be sorted out. In the short term fossil fuels may remain in demand as a hydrogen source. Nevertheless, the idea that in the not too distant future most of us will be driving non-polluting cars fuelled by hydrogen from a clean, renewable source is no longer a flight of fantasy.Reading Passage 1 has 8 paragraphs (A – H).From the list of headings below choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs B – H.Write the appropriate number (i – xi) in boxes 1 – 7 on your answer sheet.NB There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all.Example AnswerParagraph A ivList of Headingi Hydrogen Storageii Traditional Production Methods iii The Possible Danger of Combustible Hydrogeniv A Plentiful Alternativev Looking Forwardvi Good Idea but…vii Today’s Hydrogen Productionviii How the Process Worksix Hydrogen Sources and Productionx The Workings of the Internal Combustion Enginexi The Engine Dilemma1 Paragraph B ____________________2 Paragraph C ____________________3 Paragraph D ____________________4 Paragraph E ____________________5 Paragraph F ____________________6 Paragraph G ____________________7 Paragraph H ____________________Answers:本測驗題型1-7 主要為判斷選擇正確之段落標題(Heading Matching) .一般而言, 測考之篇章皆由數段落所組織而成, 而每一段文章由主要論點(main idea) 與輔助解釋說明及例證之次要之支持論點(supporting idea) 組成。
中石油职称英语
中石油职称英语中石油职称英语篇一：中石油职称英语anager.(discontinue)【释义】breakoffv.断绝；折取；把…折断；使脱落continuev.持续；延伸；继续存在；不断发生hurryv.赶快；（朝某方向）迅速移动；催促（某人）；迅速处理beginv.开始；启动；起始；开始存在（或进行）discontinuev.停止；终止；中断；终止（生产）4、throughoutthishighlandarea.A.expansiveB.broadd.deepD.intense【参考答案】A【出处】2016版《通用选读》第24课TheDelightsofSouthIsland第3段【释义】extensiveadj.广阔的；广大的；大量的；广泛的expansiveadj.广阔的；辽阔的；浩瀚的；广泛的broadadj.宽阔的；广阔的；…宽（用于表示距离的量度之后）deepadj.深陷；全神贯注；专心；深的intenseadj.很大的；十分强烈的'；严肃紧张的；激烈的5、thoughtprocess.A.projectB.reflectC.substituteD.assume【参考答案】B【出处】2015版大纲模拟试题一第13题【释义】simulatev.模仿；假装；冒充；装作projectv.计划；规划；投影；投射reflectv.反映；映出（影像）；反射（声、光、热等）；显示substitutev.取代；（以…）代替assumev.假设；假定；认为；假装6、A.fightB.accidentC.criticD.crash【参考答案】D【出处】同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语试题【解释】collisionn.抵触；碰撞（或相撞）事故fightn.斗争；打架；打斗；搏斗accidentn.意外；（交通）事故；意外遭遇；不测事件criticn.评论家；反对者；批评者crashn.崩溃；坠毁；撞击；速成7、Visitinginahumidclimate giveoffC.giveawayD.givein【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第26课TheMagicofEnergy第13段【释义】giveupna.放弃；断绝；投降；自首giveoffna.放出；发出；释放；散发出giveawayna.赠送；分发；放弃；露马脚giveinna.让步；屈服；投降；上交15、Ibelieveinthesupremeworthoftheindividualandinhisright__life,liberty,andt hepursuitofhappiness.A.byB.toc.atD.over【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第7课OurFamilyCreed第5段16、Whereveryougointheworld,trytoshowrespectforthevaluesofthecountryyouarein ,____youdonotnecessarilyagreewiththem.A.whateverB.evenifC.asifD.provided【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第46课CulturalTaboos第6段【释义】whateverpron.[连接代词]无论；什么都；〈俚〉究竟…什么evenifna.即使…也asif仿佛；好像；俨然；似乎；就跟…一样providedconj.如果；假如；在…条件下17、MainframeSoftwareCompany____itsclientscompletesatisfactionwithallitsprod ucts.A.requestsB.admitsC.agreesD.guarantees【参考答案】D【出处】托业考试（TOEIC）试题【释义】这里要选择谓语动词。