医学博士英语2008听力原文
2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2005年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：W: Congratulations! I understand you will be admitted to Peking University. When are you leaving for Beijing?M: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.Q: What does the man mean?1．A．He was waiting in the wrong place.B．He won’t have to wait any longer.C．The woman was mistaken.D．The woman should ask somebody else for help.正确答案：C解析：通过男士的话You must be thinking of someone else可知女士是认错人了。
听力原文：M: Hello, this is Jason Smith. I’m calling to see if my urine test results are in.W: Doctor White just sent them to the lab this morning. So the earliest data will be back in tomorrow’s afternoon.Q: What does the woman mean?2．A．The results might be ready tomorrow afternoon.B．The results might be ready tomorrow morning.C．The results will be ready this afternoon.D．The results were back this morning.正确答案：A解析：男士想知道自己的尿检结果，女士告诉他数据最早出来的时间是tomorrow’s afternoon。
2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿
2011年医学博士英语真题听力原稿2011医学博士听力原稿Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A: I don’t see much of you these days, where have you been? B: I am working on a big project. I don’t even have time to breathe. Q: what can we learn from the conversation?2.A: what time would your doctor be in today?B: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today?A: Yes my back is killing me?Q: What’s the man’s problem?3.Can that clock be right, 10:30?That clock is always off. It’s 11:05What is true about the clock?4.Well, Mr. Black, What brought you along today?I’ve got a pain in my stomach.How long have it been bothering you?A fortnightHow long has the man’s stomach ache?5.You come from S?Yes. I lived in England for 23 years.Are you married to an English man?I was, but we were divorced 15 years ago.Well, tell me about your trouble.Two hours after eating, I get pain, and then I feel it.What would the man do?6.I am usually on the job Monday, Tuesday and Friday from 1 to 5 P.M.and Wednesday from 3 to 6 P.M.Do you work on weekends too?Yes, but only in the morning.What day is the man off duty?7.Now Daddy I’m wearing this on your chest. It’s called stethocope. Itmight be a little col d, I’ll warm it up. Feel the end, OK? First of all I’ll listen to your front and then your back.She has gone that a lot of timesHow many people have been involved in the situation?8.What happened?I was in a fight and got my head hurt.Were your knocked out?No.I want you to go for an X-ray. And come back to me. You’ll need some stitches for that wound.What is the doctor going to do for the man?9.Here, you two guy, you are fucking shot again. It’s not veryentertaining or wise?Yes, thanks for advisin g us. It’s time to enjoy life.What might the men do accordingly?10.T aking a long view, I’m leaving the company.Why?I often have to overwork which will do harm to my health.But the job market is very tight, you know.What does the woman mean?11.W hat’s the most likely diagnosis in this case?Most probably ------(一种病)What’s against that dianosis?Well, the infected hasn’t had any change in the ---habit orlost weight. What are they doing now?12.I heard all the time that John is dating several girls.But it’s not true, he has explained everything to me.Do your really believe what he said?Yeah, I believe in our feelings for each other?Who is John?13.L isa says that the job takes the back seat to the family after she ismarried. She must be a good wife.This is noly what she says not what she does.What does the woman mean?14.G ood morning. Would you like the private hotspring room today? Forthree people, it would be 250 Yuan per hourAre there any discounts?Yes, It is 50 Yuan cheaper for each additional hour.Then We’ll have two hours.How much will the man pay?15.Y ou are not thinking of getting back together with him, are you? Would he dream of it?What does the woman mean?Section BDialogueA lot of doctors can tell what’s wrong with you by sleeping, so can you er--- by smelling?Oh, absolutely. This actually goes back to the day of----. For example, you can walk into a room or get close to a patient who had diabetes that is not well controlled. There is a kind of sweetish smell.So you mean often you can walk into a room and tell if apatient has kidney failure or liver failure?Precisely. And now there is a machine that can do that too. Fascinating.Actually, there have been these machines in the past, but they meant just enormous.Are they used in therapy?They er---. These machines are imposible to use clinically, because, you know, it a whole room for the equipments----, but the newly-invented ones are very small and ---.And then what do the new ones use?New laser technology.Is it now available given the size of the machine?It couldn’t be better. Unlike the previous, this is the size of microwave. And I think it isn’t far-off, right.Well, it’s very much in the experimental stage. But interesting. However, unlike any of these things which are produced by commercial company, This work is being done be the federal government.Passage 1Suicide is a very real risk for young people who suffer from clinical depression. In fact during the past two years suicide has increased among youths between the ages of 10 and 19, but there aren’t treatment that can help. Research show that the most effective treatment is the combination of anti-depression and talk therapy. Anti-depressants work by increasing--- chemcal --- which facilitate communications between neurons in the brain. “Anti-depressants are the most effective treatment for most adults. But when it comes to teenagers, It’s not enough.” Says doctor R, a psychiatrist with---- university medical center. 13 age years are full of turmoil, emotions and changes. And thereare family conflicts and conflicts with relationship that can contribute to distress in adolescents”, S says. And anti-depressant medications may not be able to deal with all of those problems. “Psycho therapy, specifical ly problem- behavioral therapy need to----,” S says. In his recent major study, with the therapy in use along with anti-depressants., 75% of kids are reported feeling better and less suicidal after 3 month probably because the problem-behavioral therapy tackle thinking and feeling in a very particular way that medicines may not. And in particalar suicidal case.”Say doctor F, a psychiatrist with---medical college.Passage 2“Most people think when they are depressed, it just means you feel sad”, says Doctor R, a psychiatrist with Cornell university medical college. In fact, the so-call commonest symptoms of deppression are probably the most painful for a lot of people which are a feeling that you are useless, wothless, unloveable, no good or loser. A commonest symptom and a most extreme symptom, of course, is a suicidal feeling where you feel so hopeless that you don’y believe anything will get better and you are better off. C therapy challenges that kind of thinking. For example, say, you are a depressed teen, someone at school says something credible, typicallythat might lead you to think you are a completely loser. F says C theray help patients see all the time they have been successful, both at school and with friends. It is completely the opposite of how you feel. So you challenge them with reality. And then you correct their disfunctional release and that will actually change the way they feel, F says. It’s a sort of personal reality check that will connect experiece in context. Once thecombination of medication and therapy work, patient may decide to stop taking anti-depressants. But they should do so with caution because they may experience side effect. They can get rebound kind of syptoms. It can grow things like feeling anxious, or having insomnia, very dizzy and having Nausea.。
08年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文
2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 % )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear.Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven' t had a bite all day.Question: What' s the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B C DNow let' s begin with question number 1.1. W: How many people turned out at the fund raising event?M: Fewer people came than we had expected. It was disappointing, but we made a little money for our organization.W: Sorry, I wasn't able to attend. I intended to.Q: What did the man say about the fund raising event?2. M: The reflux disease is often caused by the relaxation of the sphincter which opens at the wrong time, allowing acid content to flow into the esophagus. What do you think is the result?W: It burns. That' s what causes heart burn, right?Q: What are they talking about?3. W: Exeuse me, I understand that this office helps students with housing, is that right?M:Are you a student in nursing program? May I see your ID card? Urn, yes, we can certainly help you. Where are you staying now?W: I just arrived yesterday, I' m staying at the hotel across the street.M: Will you be living alone or do you have a family, or would you be interested in sharing housing?Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?4. M: Let's call it a day, we've acted for hours.W: I' m beat too. Let's get something to eat.M: We'd be able to feel better with a little nutrition.Q: How are the speakers feeling?5. W: I heard that you and some friends are organizing a cruise to Maldives.M: It's never really got off the ground.W: That's too bad. It sounded like fun.M: Yeah, I'm still planning to go. Alone if I have to.Q: What is the man planning to do?6. M: Doc, I'm afraid to have the runs.W: Are you going to the toilet often?M: Haven't stopped since very early this morning.W: What did you have for breakfast?M: Just cereal and a few cups of tea.Q: What is the man's problem?7. W: Take off your shirt and I will take a closer look.M- Can you see any bits of glass?W: Yes, I have removed them all, and disinfected the wound. The next thing I should do is to stitch you up. Q: What is the woman going to do next?8. M: Hello, Dr. Carbon here, what seems to be the problem?W: It's Mr. Lindley. I found him in his chair, white as a sheet. I thought he passed out.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?9. W: Jacky is considering attending the University of Texas in Houston.M: Really7 1 thought she was registered at Duke University.W: That's true, But she decided that she didn't want to be so far away from home.Q: What does the woman say about Jacky?10. M: My gosh, you look like you' ye got run over by a truck. What's wrong?W: My boyfriend just dumped me for another girl.Q: What does the woman mean?11. M: The only medicine that will save the patient's life produces a serious allergic reaction.W: The doctors are between Iraq and a hard place now.Q: What does the woman imply?12. W: Did you like the Chanel bag that I got?M: You must have a rich boyfriend because that bag is so expensive.W: I bought it on e-bay. It was only one tenth of the original price. And the purchase online is so easy. Q: What is said about the Chanel bag?13. W: Bring some medicine when you go to picnic. Insects can transmit disease.M. I see. You have said that several times.Q: Which of the following can best describe the man's feeling?14. M: Please look at this car. it's nice.W: This car has a lot of faults. You must think that I was born yesterday if you expect me to buy it.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: How are you doing these days with your new job?M- Not very well, I'm afraid. I'm feeling lousy.W: Really? Why?M: It's been a tense week.Q: What does the man mean?Section BDirections: In this section you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneW: Well. you'll probably have an operation to remove the bowel, or some of it. It' s too diseased to save, I' m afraid.M: How will I go without a bowel? How can I live without a bowel?W: During the operation, they will fit you externally with a colostomy bag.M: You mean the bag of Shit hanging inside of my clothes?M: Well, that' s perhaps an unnecessarily cruel way of putting it. But, broadly speaking, yes.It is sealed andodor-free. They'll show you how to empty it and change it for yourself. And nobody need ever know that you've got one unless you tell them.M: Well, thanks a lot. Cancer of the bowel! All this time you have been prescribing tablets for heart burn, and it turns out that I got cancer of the bowel? Oh, thanks a million. What next?How long will I go on now? Will I be able to live any kind of normal life? Tell me!W: I prescribed for you on the basis of the symptoms you yourself described to me. Only a colonoscopy can reveal your condition. No doctor could diagnose your condition without the hospital tests that I arranged for you. And yes, you will be able to live a pretty normal life and go work, and everything. Nobody need ever know a thing unless you choose to tell them. And you have full life ahead of you.Questions16. What is wrong with the man?17. What does the doctor recommend the man to do?18. What does the doctor assure the man of?19. What is the man's attitude towards the doctor?20. What does the doctor say about the previous treatment for the patient?Passage TwoFor years researchers have debated the whether smoking effects the lungs in men and women differently. In a most compelling study on the topic to date, researchers determined that women are twice as vulnerable to lung cancer as men. But in a surprising twist, they die at half the rate of men. The study, which was published last week in the Journal of the American Medical Association (J. A. M. A. ), included 9,427 men and'7,498 women from throughout North America who were healthy, at least 40 years old and either current or former smokers. Over the course of more than eight years, a group of investigators led by Dr. Claudia Henschke of the Weill Medical College in New YorkCity identified lung tumors in 113 of the men and 156 of the women. Then the researchers kept track of who lived and for how long, as well as the treatment participants were given. The study showed that both sexes tended to be in their late 60s when they received a lung-cancer diagnosis but that the women usually had smoked considerably less than the men. Still, at each stage of lung cancer, the women lived longer than the men. If the reported results are confirmed, there are a few hints from other research that might explain the sex difference. Women' s bodies appear to have greater difficulty repairing the damage to their genes caused by smoking, but there is also some evidence that estrogen, which is found in women' s lungs as well as their ovaries, may interfere with some tumors' ability to grow. There is one thing about which all investigators are ready to agree: lung cancer is particularly deadly and almost entirely preventable. So the take-home message is clear: Don' t smoke ! If you do smoke,quit!Questions21. What is the talk mainly about?22. What was one of the requirements for the participants of the study?23. Over the course of more than eight years, how many of the participants developed lung cancer?24. Which of the following is one finding of the study?25. What is the consensus among all the investigators on smoking?Passage ThreeJill Kinmont was an avid skier, competing and winning numerous tides in junior and senior national skiing events. As Jill says, "Skiing was it--everything--my world." Jill' s world collapsed on Jan 30th 1955 when she skied off the Alta run and landed helplessly on the slope. Her fourth,fifth, and sixth cervical vertebrae were broken. For days, Jill hovered between life and death. By April, it became clear that she would be paralyzed from the shoulders down. Jill underwent rehabilitation therapy with cheerful determination. She learned to write, to type, and to feed herself. Once she had mastered daily living skills, she enrolled in the University of California at Los Angeles, where she studied art, German, and English. After overcoming yet another personal tragedy, the death of her boyfriend in a plane crash, Jill graduated in 1961. By this time, Jill had chosen a new career goal: teaching elementary school children. Officials at UCLA, however,rejected her application for admission to the graduate school of education because of her paralysis. But she persevered, working with children in the UCLA Clinic School. when her family moved to Seattle, Jill was able to fulfill her new dream. She attended the School of Education at the University of Washington and began her new life' s work as a teacher. She taught school first in Washington, then Beverly Hills in California. Finally moving back to Bishop in 1975 where she taught special education in Bishop Union Elementary School until her retirement in 1996.Questions26. What did skiing mean to Jill before the accident.'?27. What happened to Jill when she skied from the Alta run?28. What did Jill learn during her rehabilitation?29. What did Jill do as her new career?30. What is the most impressive about Jill' s personality?。
旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力
旭晨教育-2018年全国医学博士考博英语一本通含2016历年真题答案听力上册目录目录《考博英语一本通》系列丛书序言3考博英语一本通使用说明5第一部分考试指南7一、博士研究生考试指南7二、考博前期准备8三、导师联系和公关13四、专业和院校选择19五、专业课复习策略20六、资料和真题收集方法22七、面试技巧23第二部分医学考博英语复习指导25一、全国医学博士外语统一考试简介25二、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语考试大纲26三、全国医学博士英语统一考试试题分析27四、医学考博英语复习策略32第三部分考博英语专项突破35第一章词汇突破——大规模记忆词汇的方法35医学考博英语词汇题型概述及考情分析35第一节、概述35第二节、大规模记忆词汇的基本方法37第三节、词缀39第四节、词汇解题思路43第五节、考博词汇综合练习（Exercise One- Exercise Twelve）53第二章阅读理解84医学考博英语阅读题型概述及考情分析84第一节、核心理论－化繁为简去伪存真86第二节、解题技巧1－框架结构阅读模版90第三节、解题技巧2－问题类型解题要点102第四节、精准定位－原文命题高发考点118第五节、精准理解－高频词汇长难词句124第六节、阅读理解实战讲解133第七节、阅读理解综合练习137第三章完形填空153医学考博英语完形填空题型概述及考情分析153第一节概述:考试目的和内容156第二节解题方法：一个中心157第三节解题方法：两个结构之层层递进158第四节解题方法：两个结构之对立观点160第五节解题方法：三个层次之篇章161第六节解题方法：三个层次之语法164第七节解题方法：三个层次之词汇165第八节完形填空综合练习(Exercise One-Ten) 167第四章英语写作179医学考博英语写作题型概述及考情分析179第一节、摘要写作概述179第二节、英文摘要写作180第三节、英文短文写作技巧185第五章语法197医学考博英语语法概述及考情分析197第一节语法概述197第二节动词的时态和语态198第三节非谓语动词203第四节虚拟语气210第五节从句213第六节强调与倒装218第四部分医学考博英语历年真题2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2212016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析235 2016年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2522015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2562015年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析271 2015年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文2832014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷2882014年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试题参考答案及解析303 2014年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文319下册目录第四部分医学考博英语历年真题（续）32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题32013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析17 2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文242012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题292012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析41 2012年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文472011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷512011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析622011年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文682010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题712010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析84 2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷录音原文892009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题922009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析103 2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文109 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1132008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析123 2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文129 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1322007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析143 2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文148 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1522006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析163 2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文168 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1722005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析183 2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文188 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题1912004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析203 2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文209 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2122003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析224 2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文231 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2362002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析249 2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文255 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题2602001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析274 2001年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题录音原文281第五部分参考资料284参考资料1:全国博士英语统一考试高频词组284参考资料2:考博英语形近易混淆词总结284参考资料3:考博英语完形填空常考词组及固定搭配汇总284参考资料4:考博英语万能写作模板284参考资料5:医学考博英语写作必记分类词汇284参考资料6:全国博士英语统一考试词汇大纲(医学）284。
2008年医学博士外语真题试卷.doc
2008年医学博士外语真题试卷(总分：206.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.Section A（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.It was called off unexpectedly.B.It raised more money than expected.C.It received fewer people than expected.D.It disappointed the woman for the man" s absence.A.A thoracic case.B.A nervous disorder.C.A stomach problem.D.A psychiatric condition.A.In the housing office on campus.B.In the downtown hotel.C.At the rental agency.D.In the nursing home.A.Thrilled.B.Refreshed.C.Exhausted.D.Depressed.A.To travel with his parents.B.To organize a picnic in the country.C.To cruise, even without his friends.D.To take a flight to the Maldives instead.A.He" s got a revert.B.He" s got nausea.C.He" s got diarrhea.D.He" s got a runny nose.A.To suture the man" s wound.B.To remove the bits of glass.C.To disinfect the man" s wound.D.To take a closer look at the man" s wound.A.Mr. Lindley had got injured.B.Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C.Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D.Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.A.She will apply to Duke University.B.She will probably attend the University of Texas.C.She made up her mind to give up school for work.D.She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.A.Her boyfriend broke up with her.B.She was almost run over by a truck.C.One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D.She dumped her boyfriend" s truck in the river.A.The patient will not accept the doctor" s recommendation.B.The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C.The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D.The medicine is not available to the patient.A.It was more expensive than the original price.B.It was given to the woman as a gift.C.It was the last article on sale.D.It was a good bargain.A.Excited.B.Impatient.C.Indifferent.D.Concerned.A.She regrets buying the car.B.The car just arrived yesterday.C.She will certainly not buy the ear.D.This is the car she has been wanting.A.He is seriously ill.B.His work is a mess.C.The weather is lousy this week.D.He has been working under pressure.2.Section B（分数：10.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________A.He has got bowel cancerB.He has got heart disease.C.He has got bone cancer.D.He has got heartburn.A.To have a colonoscopy.B.To seek a second opinionC.To be put on chemotherapy.D.To have his bowel removed.A.A pretty minor surgery.B.A normal life ahead of him.C.A miracle in his coming years.D.A life without any inconveniences.A.Thankful.B.Admiring.C.Resentful.D.Respectful.A.It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B.It was prescribed considering possible complications.C.it was given according to the man" s actual condition.D.it was effective because of a proper intervention.A.Smoking and lung Cancer.B.Lung cancer and the sexes.C.How to quit Smoking.D.How to prevent lung cancer.A.Current smokers exclusively.B.Second-hand smokers.C.With a lung problem.D.At age 40 or over.A.156.B.269.C.7498D.9427A.Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB.Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C.Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D.When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.A.Lung cancer can be early detected.B.Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C.Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D.Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.A.A hobby.B.The whole world.C.A learning experience.D.A career to earn a riving.A.Her legs were broken.B.Her arms were broken.C.Her shoulders were severely injured.D.Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.A.She learned a foreign language.B.She learned to make friendsC.She learned to be a teacher.D.She learned living skills.A.She worked as skiing coach.B.She was a college instructor.C.She was a social worker in the clinic.D.She worked as elementary school teacher.A.Optimistic and hard-bitten.B.Pessimistic and cynical.C.Humorous and funny.D.Kind and reliable.3.Section A（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________4.I am afraid that you" 11 have to______the deterioration of the condition.（分数：2.00）A.account forB.call forC.look forD.make for5.Twelve hours a week seemed a generous______of your time to the nursing home.（分数：2.00）A.afflictionB.alternativeC.allocationD.alliance6.Every product is______tested before being put into the market.（分数：2.00）A.expensivelyB.exceptionallyC.exhaustivelyD.exclusively7.Having clean hands is one of the______rules when preparing food.（分数：2.00）A.potentB.conditionalC.inseparableD.cardinal8.The educators should try hard to develop the______abilities of children.（分数：2.00）A.cohesiveB.cognitiveC.collectiveic9.Mortgage______had risen in the last year because the number of low-income families was on the increase.（分数：2.00）A.defectsB.deficitsC.defaultsD.deceptions10.The symptoms may be______by certain drugs.（分数：2.00）A.exaggeratedB.exacerbatedC.exceededD.exhibited11.Her story was a complete______from start to finish, so nobody believed in her.（分数：2.00）A.facilityB.fascinationC.fabricationD.faculty12.The police investigating the traffic accident have not ruled out______.（分数：2.00）A.salvageB.safeguardC.sabotageD.sacrifice13.The government always______on the background of employees who are hired for sensitive military projects.（分数：2.00）A.takes upB.cheeks upC.works outD.looks into14.Section B（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.The 19 th century physiology was dominated by the study of the transformations of food energy into body mass and activity.（分数：2.00）A.boostedernedC.clarifiedD.pioneered16.Surely, it would be sensible to get a second opinion before taking any further action.（分数：2.00）A.realisticB.sensitiveC.reasonableD.sensational17.The Chinese people hold their ancestors in great veneration .（分数：2.00）A.recognitionB.sincerityC.heritageD.honor18.I worked to develop the requisite skill for a managerial .（分数：2.00）A.perfectB.exquisiteC.uniqueD.necessary19.If exercise is a bodily maintenance activity and an index of physiological age, the lack of sufficient exercise may either cause or hasten aging.（分数：2.00）A.instanceB.indicatorC.appearanceD.option20.The doctor advised Ken to avoid strenuous exercise.（分数：2.00）A.arduousB.demandingC.potentD.continuous21.The hospital should be held accountable for the quality of care it delivers.（分数：2.00）A.practicableB.reliableC.flexibleD.responsible22.Greenpeace has been invited to appraise the environment costs of such an operation.（分数：2.00）A.esteemB.appreciateC.evaluateD.approve23.The company still hopes to find a buyer, but the future looks bleak .（分数：2.00）A.chillyB.dismalC.promisingD.fanatic24.These were vital decisions that bore upon the happiness of everybody.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.minedC.achievedD.influenced五、PartⅢ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely【C1】______, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius 【C2】______a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in boring environment will develop his intelligence less than the one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the【C3】______of a person" s intelligence are fixed at birth, but whetheror not he reaches those limits will depend on his【C4】______This view, not held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways. It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent 【C5】______we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people【C6】______, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical twins they will likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have【C7】______intelligence and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth. 【C8】______now that we take identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment【C9】______birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the【C10】______that people who live in close contact with each other,but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.quiteB.enoughC.sureD.so(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.intoC.from withinD.off(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.amountsB.qualitiesC.limitsD.scores(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.dispositionB.perceptionC.endowmentD.environment(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.in advanceB.for effectC.at randomD.under way(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.similarB.variousC.appropriateD.inborn(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.LookB.BelieveC.SuggestD.Imagine(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.andB.or ratherC.as well asD.but for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.factB.eventC.conditionD.environment六、PartⅣ Reading Compre(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Fourteen-year-old Sean MeCallum lay in a hospital bed waiting for a new heart. Without it, Scan would die. Sean" s case is not unusual. Everyday many people die because there just aren" t enough human organs to go around. Now scientists say they can alter the genetic make-up of certain animals so that their organs may be acceptable to humans. With this gene-altering technique to overcome our immune rejection to foreign organs, scientists hope to use pig hearts for transplants by the year 2008. That prospect, however, has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust; some scientists also fear such transplants may transform unknown diseases to humans. Others believe transplanting animal organs into humans is unnecessary. Millions of dollars spent on breeding pigs for their organs could be better spent on health education programs. They believe seventy-five percent of the heart disease cases that lead to a need for organ transplant are preventable. The key is to convince people to eat healthfully, and not to smoke or drink alcohol. Scientists could also use research funds to improve artificial organs. Still others believe that though new inventions and prevention programs may help, spending money to encourage more people to donate their organs is an even better idea. If enough people were educated about organ donations, everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the problem the passage begins with?（分数：2.00）A.High mortality rate of immune rejectionB.A malpractice in heart transplantation.C.An unusual case of organ transplantD.A shortage of human organs(2).Not only is the gene-altering technique a technical issue, according to the passage but also it______.（分数：2.00）A.introduces an issue of inhumanityB.raises the issue of justice in medicineC.presents a significant threat to the human natureD.pushes the practice of organ transplant to the limits(3).Doubtful of the necessity of using animal organs, some scientists______.（分数：2.00）A.are to narrow the scope of organ transplantsB.switch to the development of artificial organse up with alternatives to the current problemD.set out to pursue better ways of treating heart disease(4).It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph of the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.the gene-altering technique will help those waiting for organ transplantsB.the present supply of human organs still has potential to be exploredC.people prefer the use of animal organs for medical purposesD.the gene-altering technique leaves much to believed(5).The information the passage carries is______.（分数：2.00）A.enlighteningB.unbelievableC.imaginativeD.factualThere is a great irony of 21st-century global health: While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food as a result of economic inequities, political corruption, or warfare, many hundreds of millions more are overweight to the point of increased risk for diet-related chronic diseases. Obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting children as well as adults and forcing all but the poorest countries to divert scarce resources away from food security to take care of people with preventable heart disease and diabetes. To reverse the obesity epidemic, we must address the fundamental causes. Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance also is ironic: improved prosperity. People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. Market economies encourage this. They make people with expendable income into consumers of aggressively marketed foods that are high in energy but low in nutritional value, and of cars, televisions set. And computers that promote sedentary behavior. Gaining weight are good business. Food is particularly big business because everyone eats. Moreover, food is so overproduced that many countries, especially the rich ones that far more than they need, another irony, than the United States, to take an extreme example, most adults —-of all ages, incomes, educational levels, and census categories—are overweight. The U. S. food supply provides 3800 kilocalories per person per day, nearly twice as much as required by many a-dults. Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through advertising, health claims, new products, larger portions, and campaigns directed toward children. Food marketing promotes weight gain. Indeed, it is difficult to think of any major industry that might benefit if people ate! Less food; certainly not the agriculture, food product, grocery, restaurant, diet or drug industries. All flourish when people eat more. And all employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments from doing anything to inhibit overeating.（分数：10.00）(1).The great irony of 21st century global public health refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.the cause of obesity and its counteractive measuresB.the insufficient and superfluous consumption of foodC.the seas natural resource and the green of food sourceD.the consumption of food and the increased risk for diet-related diseases(2).To address the fundamental cause of the obesity epidemic, according to the passage, is______.（分数：2.00）A.to improve political and economic managementB.to cope with the energy imbalance issueC.to combat diet-related chronic diseasesD.to increase investment in global health(3).As we can learn from the passage, the second irony refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.affluence and obesityB.food energy and nutritional valueC.food business and economic prosperityD.diseases of civilization and pathology of inactivity(4).As a result of the third irony, people______.（分数：2.00）A.consume 3800 kilocalories on a daily basisplain about food overproductionC.have to raise their food expensesD.are driven towards weight gain(5).Which of the following can be excluded as we can understand based on the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The economic dimension.B.The political dimension.C.The humane dimension.D.The dietary dimension.Women find a masculine face—with a large jaw and a prominent brow—-more attractive when they are most likely to attractive, according to a study published in the June 24 NATURE. Before, during, and use after menstruation, however, they seem to be drawn to less angular, more "feminine" male faces, the researchers report. " Other studies of female preference, mainly for odors, show changes across the menstrual cycle ," says lead author Ian Penton-Voak of the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. " We thought it would be interesting to look at visual preferences and see if they changed also". The researchers showed 39 Japanese women composite male faces that emphasized masculine or feminine facial features to differing degrees. The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses but favored more feminine features during their less fertile phase. The type of face women find attractive also seems to depend on the kind of relationship they wish to pursue, according to another experiment. The cyclic preference for muscular faces was evident among 23 British women asked to choose the most attractive face for a short-term relationship, Penton-Voak says. The 26 women asked to choose an attractive face for a long-term relationship, however, preferred the more feminine features throughout their menstrual cycle. Another 22 women who were using oral contraceptives did not show monthly changes in the faces they preferred even for short-term relationships, indicating that hormones might play a role in determining attractiveness, Penton-Voak says. Men whose faces have some feminine softness are perceived as " kinder" men who may make better husbands and partners, he adds, while macho features may be associated with higher testosterone(睾丸素)levels and good genes. He cautions, however, that research hasn"t yet shown a link between a woman" s preferences in such tests and her actual behavior.（分数：10.00）(1).The researchers made a study on______.（分数：2.00）A.women" s menstrual cycleB.men" s preferred female imagesC.women" s visual preferences of menD.men" s masculine and feminine features(2).Women are drawn to a masculine face, according to the researchers, when they______.（分数：2.00）A.grow to be more feminineB.are on oral contraceptivesC.are ready for conceptionD.are on menstruation(3).It was found in Britain that women" s preferred male images were influenced by______.（分数：2.00）A.their family planningB.the years of marriage they hadC.the length of their menstrual cycleD.the term or relationship they seek(4).Just because the studies of female preferences show changes across the menstrual cycle, as Pen-ton-Voak implies, does not mean that______.（分数：2.00）A.visual preferences do existB.a woman acts this way is realityC.a man will buy into the phenomenonD.men and women prefer the same image(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Does a woman judge from a man" s appearance?B.Is there such a thing as beauty in the world?C.Are women more emotional than men?D.Is beauty more than meets the eye?WELL—do they or don"t they? For years, controversy has raged over whether the electromagnetic fields produced by power lines could cause cancer especially leukemia in young children. But in Britain last week confusion reached new heights. One team from Bristol announced that it had evidence to back a controversial but plausible theory which would explain how power lines might cause cancer(electric fields attract airborne pollutants). Only to be followed by the release of results by another group in London which suggested there is nothing to worry about. What is going on? Actually, the confusion may be more apparent than real. There can be no doubt that the effects of power lines on water droplets, pollutants and naturally occurring radon uncovered by the Bristol team are real and interning. But to suggest that they have anything to do with leukemia in children is premature. The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny, and it is not obvious why radon, a gas normally associated with lung cancer—would cause leukemia in children. The second study, which drew reassuring blank, is the world" s biggest ever probe of the statistical link between childhood cancers and magnetic fields of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. It is one of several recent studies that have failed to find a link. Unlike earlier research, these newer studies involved going into homes to measure the electromagnetic fields. The fields they measured included input from major power lines if they were. Which is not to say the research is perfectly. Critics argue that Britain" s childhood cancer study, for example, has not yet taken into account the surges in exposure that might come from, say, switching appliances on and off. And some people might wonder why measurements of the electric fields that are also produced by power lines did not figure in last week" s study. But neither criticism amounts to a fatal blow. Electrical fields cannot penetrate the body significantly, for example. A more serious concern is whether the British research provides an all-clear signal for such countries as the US where power lines carry more current and therefore produce higher magnetic fields. Pedants(书呆子)would conclude that it doesn" t. But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. In Britain the latest epidemiological study can be taken as the final word on the matter. If the electromagnetic fields in British homes can in some unforeseen way increase the risk of cancer, we can now be as certain as science allows that the increase is too tiny to measure.（分数：10.00）(1).Both the question "Well—do they or don"t they?" and the question "What is going on?" suggest ______.（分数：2.00）A.the high incidence of LeukemiaB.the advent of bewilderment among peopleC.the warning of the worsening air pollutionD.the tense relation between Bristol and London(2).What would the author say of the results of the first study?（分数：2.00）A.Enlightening.B.Insignificant.C.Reassuring.D.Apparent.(3).What can be suggested from the results of the second study?（分数：2.00）A.There does exist a danger zone near power lines.B.There is much to be improved in terms of design.C.There is nothing to worry about as to power lines.D.There is no link between the first and second study.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that the British outcomes______.（分数：2.00）A.are expected to convince nobody but pedantsB.were found to have left much room for doubtC.could have implications in such countries as the USD.will be consistent with the Japanese ones in the near future(5).To conclude, the author______.（分数：2.00）A.reassures us of the reliability of the latest research in BritainB.asks for improved measurements for such an investigationC.points out the drawbacks of the latest research in BritainD.urges further investigations on the issueSmoking causes wrinkles by upsetting the body" s mechanism for renewing skin, say scientists in Japan. Dermatologists say the finding confirms the long-held view that smoking ages skin prematurely. Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. The first breaks-down old skin while the second makes new skin. The body breaks down the old skin with enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases, or MMPs, They chop up the fibers that form collagen(胶原质)—the connective tissue that makes up around 80 percent of normal skin. Akimichi Morita and his colleagues at Nagoya City University Medical School suspected that smoking disrupted the body" s natural process of breaking down old skin and renewing it. To test their idea, they first made a solution of cigarette smoke by pumping smoke through a saline(盐的)solution. Smoke was sucked from cigarettes for two seconds every minute. Tiny drops of this smoke solution were added to dishes of human fibroblasts, the skin cells that produce collagen. After a day in contact with smoke solution, the researchers tested the skin cells, to see how much collagen-degrading MMP they were making. Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. Morita also tested the skin cells to see how much new collagen they were producing. He found that the smoke caused a drop in the production of fresh collagen by up to 40 percent. He says that this combined effect of degrading collagen more rapidly and producing less new collagen is probably what causes premature skin ageing in smokers, in both cases, the more concentrated the smoke solution the greater the effect on collagen. " This suggests the amount of collagen is important for skin ageing," he says. "It looks like less collagen means more wrinkle formation". Morita doesn" t know if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. But he plans to confirm his findings by testing skin samples from smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. "So far we" ve only done this in the lab. " he says. " We don"t know exactly what happens in the body yet that might take some time. " Other dermatologists are impressed by file work. "This is fascinating," says Lawrence Parish. Director of the Centre for International Dermatology at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital in Philadelphia. This confirms scientifically what we"ve long expected, he says. "Tobacco smoke is injurious to skin. "（分数：10.00）(1).Healthy skin lies in______.（分数：2.00）A.a well-kept balance between two working processesB.the two processes of breaking down skin cellsC.a fine balance in the number of cigarettesD.the two steps of forming collagen(2).For the Japanese scientists, to test their idea is______.（分数：2.00）A.to verify the aging of human beingsB.to find out the mechanism of renewing skinC.to prove the two processes of wrinkle formationD.to confirm the hazards of smoking proven otherwise(3).The Japanese scientists tested their idea using______.（分数：2.00）A.MMPs to form fresh collagenB.cigarette smoke to contaminate skin cellsC.human fibroblasts to produce fresh collagenD.non-smokers to be exposed to cigarette smoke(4).As inferred from Morita" s results, smoking______.（分数：2.00）A.could stimulate tile production of fresh collagenB.is unlikely to promote the production of MMPC.tends to cause skin to age prematurelyD.may cause collagen to die by 60%(5).Monrita implies that his findings______.（分数：2.00）A.took less time than expectedB.were hard to accept in dermatologyC.were not exclusively based on the labD.need to be further verified in the human bodyToday, I sit in a surgical ICU beside my favorite Jack as he recovers from a five-hour operation to repair a massive aortic aneurysm. For me it has been a journey into the medical system as an inexperienced consumer rather than in my usual position as a seasoned provider. This journey to an urban referral center has produced some disappointing surprises for Dad, and especially for me. For the past two days, my beloved Jack has been called "Harold"(his first name; Jack is his middle name). Of course, there is nothing wrong with "Harold"—it was what he was called in the army—but Dad never has been "Harold" except to those who really don"t know him. Telephone callers at our family home who asked for "Harold" were always red flags that the caller was a telemarketer or insurance salesperson. Dad doesn" t correct his physicians or the office receptionists—he is from the old school, where it is impolite to question or correct your physician. Once he was an almost ideal "Jack," strong, athletic, quietly confident and imminently trustworthy, but his recent renal failure and dialysis treatments , his stroke and his constant tremor have robbed him of his strength, mobility, and golf game, but not of his will or love of his family, part of the reason he agreed to undertake this risky operation at his advanced age was because his wife and sisters still need his protective support. With so much at risk, he faced thislife-threatening challenge in a city far away from his home and friends and in a place where he is greeted as "Harold. "（分数：10.00）(1).The author relates the story______.（分数：2.00）A.from a consumer" s point of viewB.with a view to punctuating patient rightsC.according to his own standards of health careD.based on his own unpleasant medical treatment(2).Apparently the author" s father______.（分数：2.00）A.did not like to be called by the first nameB.was not well taken care of as expectedC.was mistaken for somebody elseD.was treated like a businessman(3).As the author implies his father______.（分数：2.00）A.encountered so many impolite physiciansB.did nothing but kept quiet in the hospitalC.accepted the way he was greetedD.had his diagnosis made wrongly。
2008医博统考听力题解析原文
2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension (30 % )Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman: I feel faint.Man: No wonder. You haven' t had a bite all day.Question: What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A. She is sick.B. She was bitten by an ant.C. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B DNow let's begin with question number 1.1. A. It was called off unexpectedly.B. It raised more money than expected.C. It received fewer people than expected.D. It disappointed the woman for the man' s absence.2. A. A thoracic case. B. A nervous disorder.C. A stomach problem.D. A psychiatric condition.3. A. In the housing office on campus. B. In the downtown hotelC. At the rental agency.D. In the nursing home.4. A Thrilled. B. Refreshed. C. Exhausted. D. Depressed.5. A. To travel with his parents. B. To organize a picnic in the country.C. To cruise, even without his friends.D. To take a flight to the Maldives instead.6. A. He' s got a revert. B. He's got nausea.C. He' s got diarrhea.D. He' s got a runny nose.7. A. To suture the man's wound. B. To remove the bits of glass.C. To disinfect the man's wound.D. To take a closer look at the man's wound.8. A. Mr. Lindley had got injured. B. Mr. Lindley had fallen asleep.C. Mr. Lindley had fallen off his chair.D. Mr. Lindley had lost consciousness.9. A. She will apply to Duke University.B. She will probably attend the University of Texas.C. She made up her mind to give up school for work.D. She chose Duke University over the University of Texas.10. A. Her boyfriend broke up with her.B. She was almost run over by a truck.C. One of her friends was emotionally hurt.D. She dumped her boyfriend's truck in the river.11. A. The patient will not accept the doctor's recommendation.B. The doctor lost control of the allergic reaction.C. The doctor finds it hard to decide what to do.D. The medicine is not available to the patient.12. A. It was more expensive than the original price. B. It was given to the woman as a gift.C. It was the last article on sale.D. It was a good bargain.13. A. Excited. B. Impatient. C. Indifferent. D. Concerned,14. A. She regrets buying the car. B. The car just arrived yesterday.C. She will certainly not buy the ear.D. This is the car she has been wanting.15. A. He is seriously ill. B. His work is a mess.C. The weather is lousy this week.D. He has been working under pressure.Section BDirections: In this part you will hear three passages. After each one, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage One16. A. He has got bowel cancer B. He has got heart disease.C. He has got bone cancer.D. He has got heartburn.17. A. To have a colonoscopy. B. To seek a second opinionC. To be put on chemotherapy.D. To have his bowel removed.18. A. A pretty minor surgery. B. A normal life ahead of him.C. A miracle in his coming years.D. A life without any inconveniences.19. A. Thankful. B. Admiring. C. Resentful. D. Respectful.20. A. It was based on the symptoms the man had described.B. It was prescribed considering possible complications.C. it was given according to the man' s actual condition.D. it was effective because of a proper intervention.Passage Two21. A. Smoking and lung Cancer. B. Lung cancer and the sexes.C. How to quit Smoking.D. How to prevent lung cancer.22. A. Current smokers exclusively. B. Second-hand smokers.C. With a lung problem.D. At age 40 or over.23. A. 156. B. 269. C. 7498. D. 9427.24. A. Smoking is the culprit in causing lung cancerB. Women are more vulnerable in lung cancer than men.C. Women are found to be more addicted to smoking than men.D. When struck by lung cancer, men seem to live longer than women.25. A. Lung cancer can be early detected.B. Lung cancer is deadly but preventable.C. Lung cancer is fatal and unpredictable.D. Smoking affects the lungs of men and women differently.Passage Three26. A. A hobby. B. The whole world.C. A learning experience.D. A career to earn a living.27. A. Her legs were broken.B. Her arms were broken.C. Her shoulders were severely injured.D. Her cervical vertebrae were seriously injured.28. A. She learned a foreign language, B. She learned to make friendsC. She learned to be a teacher.D. She learned living skills.29. A. She worked as skiing coach. B. She was a college instructor.C. She was a social worker in the clinic.D. She worked as elementary school teacher.30. A. Optimistic and hard-bitten. B. Pessimistic and cynical.C. Humorous and funny.D. Kind and reliable.Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected，可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。
医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练-第2期
医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练-第2期医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练-第2期在准备2010年博士研究生入学考试医学博士英语科目期间，我进行了一定的听力练习。
现将我所听过的一些听力材料拿出来与大家分享，希望对备考医学博士英语及对英语有兴趣的战友有所帮助。
下面先简要的介绍一下医学博士英语统一考试的听力部分（截止至2010年3月的信息，若有所变动的话，望各位站友指正）。
听力部分包括短对话和短文两部分：短对话共15道题，每题1分，共计15分；短文有3篇，通常由1篇长对话和2篇短文组成，每篇后附有5个问题，共15道题，每题1分，共计15分。
听力分值占整个试卷分值的30%，这充分反映了本考试对考生的英语应用和交际能力的高度重视，同时也对广大考生提出了一个严峻的挑战。
我个人认为，若想在英语考试中取得较为理想的成绩，听力部分的得分应不少于15分。
这就需要大家平时多做这方面的练习，多分析，多总结，在实践中提升自己的听力水平。
在此，本人在医学有声英语版块开展这个系列活动，希望能够起到一个抛砖引玉的作用。
望各位站友积极参加，同时也希望有这方面材料的站友参与活动的主持工作。
活动的听力材料来源于《医学博士英语统一考试听力全真训练》，大家可以参考这本书。
第2期活动，仍给出三篇短文的听力录音及问题选择项的文本部分。
望各位站友能按照正式考试的要求，一遍听过，并回答完相应的问题，这样才能了解自己的真实水平。
之后，可以反复多听几次，看看自己那些地方没听明白，那些问题答错了。
规则：1. 听录音，发答案的时间为每期活动开始后的2周内，逾期不给予加分奖励；2周后公布听力录音原文及参考答案并再讨论2周。
2. 答案发帖后请不要编辑，否则不予加分。
3. 答案正确率不低于50%的帖子将给予加分。
Passage 41. A. To find out how to prevent illness.B. To find out how to maintain a nutritious diet.C. To find out if she has the flu.D. To find out the results of a blood test.2. A. She gets ill at the same time every year.B. She doesn’t get enough exercise.C. She often has difficulty sleeping.D. She is sick with influenza throughout the winter.3. A. Cough, running nose. B. Fever, chills.C. DiarrheaD. Head-and-bone-aches.4. A. She is unwilling to be immunized. B. She doesn’t get enough rest.C. She forgets to take the medicine.D. She doesn’t dress warmly enough.5. A. Physical examinations are given free there.B. She can get an influenza vaccination there.C. She will be able to get a prescription for medication there.D. She will find literature on nutrition there.Passage 51. A. A pharmacist. B. A visitor.C. A physician.D. A dieter.2. A. Cough. B. Diarrhea.C. Headache.D. Stomach upset.3. A. Pain-killers. B. Cough syrup.C. Antidiarrheas.D. Indigestion tablets.4. A. The cold weather. B. Tiredness caused by traveling.C. The strange food he had eaten.D. The greasy food he had eaten.5. A. Take the medicine from the woman. B. Go to see a specialist.C. Stop eating and drinking for a few days.D. Stay in bed for a couple of days. Passage 61. A. The driver’s birthday. B. A working day.C. A holiday.D. April Fool’s day.2. A. He’ll take his revenge. B. He’ll be surprised.C. He’ll usually laugh.D. He’ll get angry.3. A. He turned to the passengers anxiously..B. He turned to the passengers with a smile.C. He turned to the passengers angrily.D. He turned to the passengers with a worried look.4. A. To stand up suddenly. B. To sit quietly.C. To get off the bus.D. To lean forward suddenly.5. A. The bus started up at great rate. B. The passengers laughed delightedly.C. The passengers got off.D. The passengers got angry.。
中国科学院考博英语2008年10月翻译真题及全文翻译
I think that a successful old age is easiest for those who have strong impersonal interests involving appropriate activities. It is in this sphere that long experience is really fruitful, and it is in this sphere that the wisdom born of experience can be exercised without being oppressive. It is no use telling grown-up children not-to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests, you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still render them material services, such as making them an allowance or knitting them jumpers, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.Some old people are oppressed by the fear of death. In the young there is a justification for this feeling. Y oung men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer. But in an old man who has known human joys and sorrows, and has achieved whatever work it was in him to do, the fear of death is somewhat abject and ignoble. The best way to overcome it -- is to make your interests gradually wider and more impersonal, until bit by bit the walls of the ego recede, and your life becomes increasingly merged in the universal life. An individual human existence should be like a river -small at first, narrowly contained within its banks, and rushing passionately past boulders and over waterfalls. Gradually the river grows wider, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without any visible break, they become merged in the sea, and painlessly lose their individual being. The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do, and content in the thought that what was possible has been done.我认为如果老年人具有强烈的兴趣，参加适当的活动，并且不受个人情感影响，他们的晚年是最容易过得好的。
全国医学博士外语统一入学考试英语试题
2015 年全国医学博士外语统-入学考试英语试题1 请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按"考场指令"要求,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好;2. 试卷一Paper One答案和试卷二PaperTwo答案都作答在标准答题卡上,不要做在试卷上;3. 试卷一答题时必须使用28 铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑:如要更正,先用橡皮擦干净;书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域;4. 标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净,以利评分;5. 听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15 秒左右的答题时间;国家医学考试中心PAPERONEPart 1 : Listening comprehension 30%Section ADirections: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between twospeakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said,The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of yourchoice on the ANSWER SHEETListen to the following example.You will hear.Woman: 1 fell faint.Man: No wonder You haven't had a bite all dayQuestion: What's the matter with the womanYou will read.A. She is sick.B. She is bitten by an antC. She is hungry.D. She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answerNow let's begin with question Number 1.1 A. How to deal with his sleeping problem.B. The cause of his sleeping problem.C. What follows his insomnia.D. The severity of his medical problem.2. take the medicine for a longer timeB. To discontinue the medication.C. To come to see her again.D. To switch to other medications.3. tale it easy and continue to workB. To take a sick leave.C. To keep away from work.D. To have a follow-up.. Fullness in the stomach.B. Occasional stomachache.C. Stomach distention.D. Frequent belches.5. A. extremely severe.B. Not very severe.C. More severe than expected.D. It's hard to say.6. A. He has lost some weight.B. He has gained a lot.C. He needs to exercise moreD. He is still overweight.7. A. She is giving the man an injectionB. She is listening to the man's heartC. She is feeling the man's pulse.D. She is helping the man stop shivering8. A. In the gym. B. In the officeC. In the clinic.D. In the boat.9 . A. Diarrhea. B. Vomiting.C. Nausea.D. Acold.10. A. She has developed allergies.B. She doesr1·t know what al|ergies are-C. She doesn't have any allergiesD. She has allergies treated already.11 A. Listen to music. B. Read magazines.C. Go play tennis.D. Stay in the house12 A She isn’t feeling well B. She is under pressure.C. She doesn't like the weather D She is feeling relieved13. A. Mlchael's wife was ill.B. Michael's daughter was illC. Michael's daughter gave birth to twins.D. Michael was hospitalized for a check-up.14. is absent-minded B. She is in high spirits.C. She is indifferent.D. She is compassionate.15. A. Ten years ago B. Five years ago.C. Fifteen years ago.D. Several weeks ago.Section BDirections: In this section you will hear one conversation and two passages, after each of which, you will hear five questions. After each question, read the four possibleanswers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of .your choice on the ANSWER SHEETDialogue16. blood test.B. A gastroscopyC. A chest X-ray exam.D. A barium X-ray test.17. lose some weight.B. To take a few more testsC. To sleep on three pillows.D. To eat smaller lighter meals18. A. Potato chips. B. Chicken. C. Cereal. D. fish.19 . A. Ulcer B. Cancer C. Depression D. Hernia20. A. He will try the diet the doctor recommended.B. He will ask for a sick leave and relax at home.C. He will take the medicine the doctor prescribed.D. He will take a few more tests to rule out cancer.Passage One21 A. Anew concept of diabetesB. The definition of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.C. The new management of diabetics in the hospital.D. The new development of non-perishable insulin pills.22. A. Because it vaporizes easily.B. Because it becomes overactive easily.C. Because it is usually in injection form.D. Because it is not stable above 40 degrees Fahrenheit.23. A. The diabetics can be cured without taking synthetic insulin any longerfindings provide insight into how insulin works.C. Insulin can be more stable than it is now.D. Insulin can be produced naturally.24. A. It is stable at room temperature for several years.B. It is administered directly into the bloodstream.C. It delivers glucose from blood to the cells.D. It is more chemically complex.25. A. Why insulin is not stable at room temperature.B. How important it is to understand the chemical bonds of insulin.C. Why people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes don't produce enough insulin.D. What shape insulin takes when it unlocks the cells to take sugar form blood.PassageTwo26 . A. Vegetative patients are more aware.B. Vegetative patients retain some control of their eye movement.C. EEG scans may help us communicate with the vegetative patientsD. We usually communicate with the brain-dead people by brain-wave.27 A. The left-hand side of the brain.B. The right-hand side of the brain.C The central part of the brain.D. The front part of the brain28. A. 31 B. 6. . D. 129. A. The patient was brain-deadB. The patient wasn't brain-dead.C. The patient had some control over his eye movements.D. The patient knew the movement he or she was making30. A. The patient is no technically vegetative.B. The patient can communicate in some way.C. We can train the patient of speak.D. The family members and doctors can provide better care.Part 11 Vocabulary 10%Section ADirection: In this section, all the sentences are incomplete. Four word- or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D are given beneath each of them. You are to choose the wordorphrase that best completes the sentence, then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET31 Despite his doctor’s note of caution, he never __ from drinking and smokingA. retainedB. dissuadedC. alleviatedD. abstained32. People with a history of recurrent infections are warned that the use of personal stereos with headsets is likely to _ their hearingA. rehabilitateB. jeopardizeC. tranquilize33. Impartial observers had to acknowledge that lack of formal education did not seem to _ Larry in any way in his success.A. refuteB. ratifyC. facilitateD. impede34. When the supporting finds were reduced, they should have revised their planA. accordingly B alternatively C. considerably D. relatively35. It is increasingly believed among the expectant parents that prenatal education of classical music can_ _ future adults with appreciation of music.A acquaint B. familiarized C. endow D. amuse36. If the gain of profit is solely due to rising energy prices, then inflation should be subsided when energy pricesA. level out B stand out C come off D. wear off37 Heat stroke is a medical emergency that demands immediate from qualified medical personnel.A. prescriptionB. palpationC. interventionD. interposition38. Asbestos exposure results in Mesothelioma, asbestosis and internal organ cancers, and of these diseases is often decades after the initial exposure.A. offsetB. intakeC. outletD. onset39. Ebola, which spreads through body fluid or secretions such as urine, and semen, can kill up to 90% of those infected.A. salineB. salivaC. scabiesD. scrabs40. The newly designed system is to genetic transfections, and enables an incubation period for studying various genes.A. comparableB. transmissibleC. translatableD. amenableSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined. There arefour words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the word or phrase which canbest keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined part.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.41 Every year more than 1,000 patients in Britain die on transplant waiting lists, prompting scientists to consider other ways to produce organs.A. propellingB. prolongingC. puzzlingD. promising42. Improved treatment has changed the outlook of HIV patients, but there is still a serious stigma attached to AIDS.A. disgraceB. discriminationC. harassmentD. segregation43. Survivors of the shipwreck were finally rescued after their courage of persistence lowered to zero by their physical lassitude..A. depletionB. dehydrationC. exhaustionD. handicap44. Scientists have invented a 3D scan technology to read the otherwise illegible wood-carved stone, a method that may apply to other areas such as medicine.A. negativeB. confusingC. eloquentD. indistinct45. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from long-term goals.A. anticipateB. clarifyC. examineD. verify46. His imperative tone of voice reveals his arrogance and arbitrariness.A. challengingB. solemnC. hostileD. demanding47 The discussion on the economic collaboration between the United States and the European Union may be eclipsed by the recent growing trade friction.A. erasedB. triggeredC. shadowedD. suspended48. Faster increases in prices foster the belief that the future increases will be also stronger so that higher prices fuel demand rather than quench itA. nurtureB. eliminateC. assimilateD. puncture49. Some recent developments in photography allow animals to be studied in previously inaccessible places and in unprecedented detail.A. unpredictableB. unconventionalC. unparalleledD. unexpected50. A veteran negotiation specialist should be skillful at manipulating.A. estimatingB. handlingC. rectifyingD. anticipatingPart III Cloze 10%Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and 0 on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A mother who is suffering from cancer can pass on the disease to her unborn child in extremely rare cases, 51 a new case report published in PNAS this week.According to researchers in Japan and at the Institute for Cancer Research in Sutton, UK, a Japanese mother had been diagnosed with leukemia a few weeks after giving birth, 52 tumors were discovered in her daughter's cheek and lung when she was 11 months old. Genetic analysis showed that the baby's cancer cells had the same mutation as the cancer cells of the mother But the cancer cells contained no DNA whatsoever from the father, 53 would be expected if she had inherited the cancer from conception. That suggests the cancer cell made it into the unborn child 's body across the placental barrier.The Guardian claimed this to be the first 54 case of cells crossing the placental barrier But this is not the case -- microchimerism , 55 cells are exchanged between a mother and her unborn child, is thought to be quite common, with some cells thought to pass from fetus to mother in about 50 to 75 percent of cases and to go the other way about half 56 .As the BBC pointed out, the greater 57 in cancer transmission from mother to fetus had been how cancer cells that have slipped through the placental barrier could survive in the fetus without being killed by its immune system. The answer in this case at least, lies in a second mutation of the cancer cells, which led to the 58 of the specific features that would have allowed the fetal immune system to detect the cells as foreign. As a result, no attack against the invaders was launched.59 according to the researchers there is little reason for concern of "cancer danger" Only 17 probable cases have been reported worldwide and the combined 60 of cancer cells both passing the placental barrier and having the right mutation to evade the baby's immune system is extremely low51 A. suggests B. suggestingC. having suggestedD. suggested52. A. since B. althoughC. whereasD. when53. A. what B. whomC. who54. A. predicted B. notoriousC. provenD. detailed55. A. where B. whenC. ifD. whatever56. A. as many B. as muchC. as wellD. as often57 A. threat B. puzzleD. dilemma58. A. detection B. deletionC. amplificationD. addition59. A. Therefore B. FurthermoreC. NeverthelessD. Conclusively60. A. likelihood B. functionC. influenceD. flexibilityPart IV Reading Comprehension 30%Directions: In this part there are six passages, each of which is followed by five questions. For each question there are four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEETPassage OneThe American Society of Clinical Oncology wrapped its annual conference this week, going through the usual motions of presenting a lot of drugs that offer some added quality or extension of life to those suffering from a variety of as-yet incurable diseases. But buried deep in an AP story are a couple of promising headlines that seems worthy of more thorough review, including one treatment study where 100 percent of patients saw their cancer diminish by half.First of all, it seems pharmaceutical companies are moving away from the main cost-effective one-size-fits-all approach to drug development and embracing the long cancer treatments, engineering drugs that only work for a small percentage of patients but work very effectively within that group.Pfizer announced that one such drug it's pushing into late-stage testing is target for 4% of lung cancer patients. But more than 90% of that tiny cohort responded to the drug initial tests, and 9 out of ten is getting pretty close to the ideal ten out of ten. By gearing toward more boutique treatments rather than broad umbrella pharmaceuticals that try to fit for everyone it seems cancer researchers are making some headway. But how can we close the gap on that remaining ten percentAsk Takeda Pharmaceutical and Celgene, two drug makers who put aside competitive interests to test a novel combination of their treatments. In a test of 66 patients with the blood disease multiple myeloma, a full 100 percent of the subjects saw their cancer reduced by half. Needless to say, a 100 percent response to a cancer drug or in this case a drug cocktail is more or less unheard of. Moreover, this combination never would've been two competing companies hadn't sat down and put their heads togetherAre there more potentially effective drug combos out there separated by competitive interest and proprietary informationWho's to say, but it seems like with the amount of money and research being pumped into cancer drug development, the outcome pretty good. And if researchers can start pushing more of their response numbers toward 100 percent, we can more easily start talking about oncology's favorite four-letter word: cure.61 Which of the following can be the best title for the passageA. Competition and CooperationB. Two Competing Pharmaceutical CompaniesC. The Promising Future of PharmaceuticalsD. Encouraging News: a 100% Response to a Cancer Drug62. In cancer drug development, according to the passage, the pharmaceuticals nowA. are adopting the cost-effective one-size-fits-all approachB. are moving towards individualized and targeted treatmentsC. are investing the lion's shares of their moneyD. care only about their profits63. From the encouraging advance by the two companies, we can infer thatA. the development can be ascribed to their joint efforts and collaborationB. it was their competition that resulted in the accomplishmentC. other pharmaceuticals will join them in the researchD. the future cancer treatment can be nothing but cocktail therapy64. From the last paragraph it can be inferred that the answer to the question_ A. is nowhere to be foundB. can drive one crazyC. can be multipleD. is conditional65. The tone of the author of this passage seems to beA. neutralB. criticalC. negativeD. optimistPassage TwoLiver disease is the 12th -leading cause of death in the ., chiefly because once it's determined that a patient needs a new liver it's very difficult to get one. Even in case where a suitable donor match is found, there's guaranteea transplant will be successful. But researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital have taken a huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab, successfully transplanting culture-gown livers into rats.The livers aren't grown from scratch, but rather within the infrastructureof a donor liver. The liver cells in the donor organ are washed out with a detergent that gently strips away the liver cells, leaving behind a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture that is very hard to duplicate synthetically.With all of that complicated infrastructure already in place, the researchers then seeded the scaffold 支架 with liver cells isolated from healthy livers, as well as some special endothelial cells to line the bold vessels. Once repopulated with healthy cells, these livers lived in culture for 10 days.The team also transplanted some two-day-old recellularized livers back into rats, where they continued to thrive for eight hours while connected into the rats' vascular systems. However the current method isn't perfect and cannot seem to repopulate the blood vessels quite densely enough and the transplanted livers can't keep functioning for more than about 24 hours hence the eight-hour maximum for the rat transplantBut the initial successes are promising, and the team thinks they can overcome the blood vessel problem and get fully functioning livers into rats within two years. It still might be a decade before the tech hits the clinic,but if nothing goes horribly wrong-and especially if stem-cell research establishes a reliable way to create health liver cells from the every patients who need transplants-lab-generated livers that are perfect matches for their recipients could become a reality.66. It can be inferred from the passage that the animal model was mainly intendedtoA. investigate the possibility of growing blood vessels in the labB. explore the unknown functions of the human liverC. reduce the incidence of liver disease in the .D. address the source of liver transplants67 What does the author mean when he says that the livers aren't grown from scratchA. The making of a biological scaffold of proteins and extracellular architecture.B. A huge step toward building functioning livers in the lab.C. The building of the infrastructure of a donor liverD. Growing liver cells in the donor organ68. The biological scaffold was not put into the culture in the lab untilA. duplicated syntheticallyB. isolated from the healthy liverC. repopulated with the healthy cellsD. the addition of some man-made blood vessels69. What seems to be the problem in the planted liverA. The rats as wrong recipients.B. The time point of the transplantation .C. The short period of the recellularization.D. The insufficient repopulation of the blood vessels.70. The research team holds high hopes ofA. creating lab-generated livers for patients within two yearsB. the timetable for generating human livers in the labC. stem-cell research as the future of medicineD. building a fully functioning liver into ratsPassage ThreePatients whose eyes have suffered heat or chemical burns typically experience severe damage to the cornea--the thin, transparent front of the eye that refracts light and contributes most of the eye's focusing ability. In a long-term study, Italian researchers use stem cells taken from the limbus, the border between the cornea and the white of the eye, to cultivate a graft of healthy cells in a lab to help restore vision in eyes. During the 10-years study,the researchers implanted the healthy stem cells into the damaged cornea in 113 eyes of 112 patients. The treatment was fully successful in more than 75 percent of the patients, and partially successful in 13 percent. Moreover, therestored vision remained stable over 10 years. Success was defined as an absence of all symptoms and permanent restoration of the cornea.Treatment outcome was initially assessed at one year, with up to 10 years of follow-up evaluations. The procedure was even successful in several patients whose burn injuries had occurred years earlier and who had already undergone surgery.Current treatment for burned eyes involves taking stem cells from a patient's healthy eye, or from the eyes of another person, and transferring them to the burned eye. The new procedure, however stimulates the limbal stem cells from the patient's own eye to reproduce in a lab culture. Several types of treatments using stem cells have proven successful in restoring blindness, but the long-term effectiveness shown here is significant. The treatment is only for blindness caused by damage to the cornea; it is not effective for repairing damaged retinas or optic nerves.Chemical eye burns often occur in the workplace, but can also happen due to mishaps involving household cleaning products and automobile batteries.The results of the study, based at Italy's University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, were published in the June 23 online issue of the New England Journal of Medicine.71 What is the main idea of this passageA. Stem cells can help restore vision in the eyes blinded by burns.B. The vision in the eyes blinded by burns for 10 years can be restored.C. The restored vision of the burned eyes treated with stem cells can last for10 years.D. The burned eyes can only be treated with stem cells from other healthy persons.72. The Italian technique reported in this passageA. can repair damaged retinasB. is able to treat damaged optic nervesC. is especially effective for burn injuries in the eyes already treated surgicallyD. shows a long-term effectiveness for blindness in vision caused by damage to cornea73. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about eye burnsA. The places in which people work.B. The accidents that involve using household cleaning products.C. The mishaps that involved vehicles batteries.D. The disasters caused by battery explosion at home.74. What is one of the requirements for the current approachA. The stem cells taken from a healthy eye.B. The patient physically healthy.C. The damaged eye with partial vision.D. The blindness due to damaged optic nerves.75. Which of the following words can best describe the author's attitude towards thenew methodA. Sarcastic.B. Indifferent.C. Critical.D. PositivePassage FourHere is a charming statistic: divide the US by race, sex and county of residence, and differences in average life expectancy across the various groups can exceed 30 years. The most disadvantaged look like denizens of a poor African country: a boy born on a Native American reservation in Jackson County, South Dakota, for example, will be lucky to reach his 60th birthday. A typical child in Senegal can expect to live longer than that.America is not alone in this respect. While the picture is extreme in other rich nations, health inequalities based on race, sex and class exist in most societies--and are only partly explained by access to healthcare.But fresh insights and solutions may soon be at hand. An innovative project in Chicago to unite sociology and biology is blazing the trail 开创, after discovering that social isolation and fear of crime can help to explain the alarmingly high death rate from breast cancer among the city's black women. Living in these conditions seems to make tumors more aggressive by changing gene activity, so that cancer cells can use nutrients more effectively.We are already familiar with the lethal effect of stress on people clinging to the bottom rungs of the societal ladder, thanks to pioneering studies of British civil servants conducted by Michael Marmot of University College London. What's exciting about the Chicago project is that it both probes the mechanisms involved in a specific disease and suggests precise remedies. There are drugs that may stave tumors of nutrients and community coordinators could be employed to help reduce social isolation .Encouraged by the US National Institutes of Health, similar projects are springing up to study other pockets of poor health, in populations ranging from urban black men to white poor women in rural Appalachia.To realize the full potential of such projects, biologists and sociologists will have to start treating one other with a new respect and learn how to collaborate outside their comfort zones. Too many biomedical researchers still take the arrogant view that sociology is a "soft science" with little that's serious to say about health. And too many sociologists reject any biological angle--fearing that their expertise will be swept aside and that this approach will be used to bolster discredited theories of eugenics, or crude race-based medicineIt's time to drop these outdated attitudes and work together for the good of society's most deprived members. More important, it's time to use this fusion of biology and sociology to inform public policy. This endeavor has huge implications, not least in cutting the wide health gaps between blacks and whites, rich and poor76. As shown in the 1st paragraph, the shaming statistic reflects -A. injustice everywhereB. racial discriminationC. a growing life spanD. health inequalities77. Which of the following can have a negative impact on health according to the Chicago-based projectA. Where to live.B. Which race to belong toC. How to adjust environmentally.D. What medical problem to suffer.78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment78. The Chicago-based project focuses its management onA. a particular medical problem and its related social issueB. racial discrimination and its related social problemsC. the social ladder and its related medical conditionsD. a specific disease and its medical treatment79. Which of the following can most probably neglected by sociologistsA. The racial perspective.B. The environmental aspect.C. The biological dimension.D. The psychological angel.80. The author is a big fan ofA. the combination of a traditional and new way of thinking in promoting healthB. the integration of biologists and sociologists to reduce health inequalitiesC. the mutual understanding and respect between racesD. public education and health promotionPassage FiveAmerican researchers are working on three antibodies that many mark a new step on the path toward an HIV vaccine, according to a report published online Thursday, July 8, 2010, in the journal Science.One of the antibodies suppresses 91 percent of HIV strains, more than any AIDS antibody ever discovered , according to a report on the findings published in the WallStreet Journal. The antibodies were discovered in the cells of a 60-year-old African-American gay man whose body produced them naturally. One antibody in particular is substantially different from its precursors, the Science study says.The antibodies could be tried as a treatment for people already infected with HIV, the WSJreports. At the very, least, they might boost the efficacy of current antiretroviral drugs.It is welcome news for the 33 million people the United Nations estimated were living with AIDS at the end of 2008.The WSJ outlines the painstaking method the team used to find the antibody amidthe cells of the African-American man, known as Donor 45. First they designed a probe that looks just like a spot on a particular molecule on the cells that HIV infects. Theyused the probe to attract only the antibodies that efficiently attack that spot. They screened 25 million of Donor 45's cell to find just 12 cells that produced the antibodies。
全国医学博士英语统考
《全国医学博士外语统一考试指南》（08年版） 国家医学考试中心 人民卫生出版社
1.如何准备单词？
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
词汇扩展有方法 一、重点突出缩减法 二、词根词缀科学法 三、语境场景串联法 四、近义反义联想法 五、词组换位巧记法 六、阅读练习积累法
2、如何准备语法？
句法+时态语态
阅读理解+写作
The simple act of visitation, of presence, of taking the trouble to witness the patient’s process can be in itself a potent healing affirmation---a sacramental(圣礼的 ) gesture received by the dying person who may be feeling helpless, diminished, and fearful that they have little to offer others.
主旨题阅读公式 1．主旨题阅读公式一： 文章的主旨=全文的主旨句 =各段落主题句之和 2．主旨题阅读公式二： 文章的主旨≠文中的某一细节 ≠文中某一部分的主要内容 ≠覆盖面过广的表述 ≠文章未涉及的内容
5、如何准备书面表达
一、锤炼写作基本功 二、熟悉摘要写作技巧 （一）理解概括原文要点 （二）列出英文摘要的提纲 （三）写好文章的第一段、每段的段首句 （四）使用关联词语串联重要细节 三、进行适量写作实践
全国医学博士英语统考
一、题型简介
题型 试 卷 一 对话 听力 （30分）短文 题数 15 15 10 10 10 30 1 91 分数 15分 15分 5分 5分 10分 30分 20分 100分 时间 30分钟
2008年博士生入学考试英语试卷(非英语专业类)
English Test for Doctoral Candidates （A卷）Dec. 28, 2008Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1. A. Touch all his friends.B. Write a lot.C. Have a lot of time.D. Have a lot of friends.2. A. To work for a small company.B. To start a large company.C. To be independent.D. To graduate.3. A. Buy a new car.B. Go to a new store.C. Find a new repair shop.D. Take a different bus.4. A. 36 dollars.B. 15 dollars.C. 12 dollars.D. 4 dollars.5. A. One hour.B. Two hours.C. Three hours.D. Four hours.6. A. Perston's sister is going abroad.B. The man is probably reading a newspaper.C. The news today is very unusual.D. The Prime Minister is warmly welcomed.7. A. She likes Mexican food.B. She expected a better dinner.C. The dinner was expensive.D. She enjoyed the food more than the man did.8. A. 6 hours.B. 1 hour.C. 10 hours.D. 4 hours.9. A. In order to obtain a visa.B. To prove she is a foreign visitor.C. As identification to cash a check.D. The man is an immigration official.10. A. Bus-conductor and passenger.B. Lawyer and client.C. Doctor and patient.D. Teacher and student.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage 111. A. In 1954.B. In 1953.C. In 1955.D. In 1960.12. A. Adventureland.B. Tomorrowland.C. Fantasyland.D. Mianstreet, U.S.A.13. A. It would take you several days at Disneyland to see everything.B. Adventureland shows the jungles of Asia and Africa.C. Walt Disney World was built in Florida.D. Disneyland is deeply loved by children as well as adults.Passage 214. A. At college level.B. In primary school.C. In high school.D. After they graduate.15. A. The Use of Computers in Education.B. How Computers Are Used in Teaching.C. On Computers.D. Computers and Management.Section CDirections:In this part, you are going to hear a short passage. It will be spoken three times. After you hear the passage, please write a summary of it in about 60 words on your Answer Sheet II.Part II Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there arefour choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.There are many definitions of social movements and revolutions, but they all have some common points. Social movements are organized, 16 attempts by individuals to produce social change. These attempts are usually resisted by powerful people who 17 from the status quo, 18 it is often difficult for social movement participants to use the accepted and 19 means of producing social change (such as the courts and political institutions). 20 , social movement participants often 21 disruptive street their only means of action. The antiwar movement in the 1960s, the 22 Rights Movement that emerged strongly in the 1950s, and the antiabortion movement of the 1980s are all examples of social movement in America that have 23 both legal and illegal activities to 24 their goals. In fairness to social movement participants, 25 , their powerful opponents are just as likely to use illegal activities and violence to 26 the social movement.Although there are 27 over the definition of revolution, there is a 28 view that revolutions are successful social movements on a much grander 29 , that is, involving more people and much more social change. Although social movements like the U.S. Civil Rights Movement may be working to 30 some law or produce some reform in the society, revolutions like the Chinese Revolution are aimed at 31 social change. The goals of revolutions are commonly the overthrow of a government, basic change in the political and economic system, 32 more generally a basic change in the stratification system in the country. Because of the extent of change 33 , revolutions are always accompanied by extensive violence. The 34 are so high that opponents will kill to prevent the revolution, and revolutionaries must be 35 to kill to achieve their goals.16. A. purposeful B. idealized C. empirical D. reciprocal17. A. acquire B. profit C. prohibit D. succeed18. A. and B. but C. because D. though19. A. cultural B. legal C. educational D. industrial20. A. However B. Still C. Thus D. Nevertheless21. A. regard B. find C. treat D. use22. A. Civil B. Liberty C. Humanity D. Privacy23. A. engaged B. involved C. employed D. initiated24. A. achieve B. accelerate C. complete D. strive25. A. moreover B. however C. furthermore D. therefore26. A. stop B. promote C. advocate D. avoid27. A. diversities B. discrepancies C. inconsistencies D. disagreements28. A. conform B. regular C. specified D. standard29. A. level B. scale C. degree D. range30. A. enable B. enact C. enlarge D. envelop31. A. main B. principal C. major D. primary32. A. and B. nor C. also D. or33. A. sought B. aimed C. strove D. endeavored34. A. stakes B. dangers C. odds D. risks35. A. resentful B. ready C. reluctant D. relievedPart III Reading Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections:There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.Passage OneWater shortage on Earth? It seems impossible. Images of our planet from outer space show vast oceans, lakes as big as small countries, and wide rivers flowing with incredible volumes. How can there not be enough water? But the fact is that the world is facing the prospect of water shortages caused by population growth, uneven supplies of water, pollution, and other factors. The United Nations (UN) predicts that water shortages could retard the economic growth of some countries and lead to food shortages and, even possibly, to international conflicts.Humans use water for three basic purposes: agriculture, industry, and domestic and municipal use (water for drinking, cooking, cleaning, and so forth). And the amount of water available to each person decreases as the population grows, raising the possibility of water shortages. Water shortages will not come all at once in every part of the world, just as the world's population is unevenly distributed by region, so is the annual supply of renewable water. Rainfall and snowfall are determined by uneven weather patterns and landscape, and as a result, some areas of the world get more precipitation than others. This leads the uneven distribution of water all over the world.Natural water scarcity has prompted many nations to try to increase their water supplies by building dams to catch water that otherwise would escape to the sea, or by sinking more and deeper wells. But these efforts can have negative side effects that can contribute to water scarcity. Instead of building dams, some countries choose to increase their access to groundwater. But this practice increases the risk of overpumping aquifers.Pollution also affects the water supply, reducing the available water by making it toxic or otherwise unfit for human use.Water shortage could also lead to international conflicts as countries compete for limited water resources. Political tensions over water often appear when different nations lay claim to the same river, lake, or aquifer. According to the UN, more than 300 river basins and aquifers worldwide cross national boundaries, creating the potential for conflicts.36. Which of the following is NOT a factor that would cause water shortage?A. Population growth.B. Uneven supplies of water.C. Industrial pollution.D. Global warming.37. Water shortages could lead to all the following EXCEPT _______.A. economic growthB. food shortageC. over-pumping of the underground waterD. international conflicts38. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Humans use water for crop growing, industrial production and domesticconsuming.B. The annual supply of renewable water is unevenly distributed over the world.C. Pollution can reduce the available water by making it toxic.D. Building dams to catch river water could best solve the problem of watershortages.39. How can water shortages lead to international conflicts?A. Countries cannot agree with each other on water price.B. Countries compete for limited water resources.C. Countries pollute each other's water.D. Countries steal each other's water.40. Which of the following best describe the author's tone in this passage?A. Optimistic.B. Ironic.C. Objective.D. Arbitrary.Passage TwoWhy is stage fright so universal when it does not pose a physical threat?Our ego and self-esteem are threatened, evidently to a significant degree. No normal person wants to look like a fool. Consequently, a speaking situation does involve peril, not physical but psychological. The brain instructs the body to react exactly the way it would at times of physical danger. In essence, the brain tells the body, "get ready to fight off the danger or to run away from it."When the danger signals reach the brain, the brain instructs the adrenal gland (肾上腺) to start secreting (分泌) adrenal fluid into the bloodstream. The adrenal fluid brings about specific bodily reactions.First, our senses become more keen because we will have to rely on them to help us fight or run. Blood goes away from the muscles of the stomach and intestines. The sudden rush of blood from the digestive system causes the sensation known as "butterflies in the stomach." The large muscles of the arms and legs become most important in the "fight or flight" reaction, as they must do the punching and kicking.The extra blood and the oxygen it contains get the muscles so tense that they must function strongly. Our hands shake, our knees knock, and we feel tension in the larger muscles of the body. We experience a dry, cottony mouth, sometimes to the point where good articulation becomes impossible.41. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to describe _______.A. types of physical and psychological dangerB. cures for stage frightC. the biochemistry of the brainD. the physical reaction that might result from state fright42. It can be inferred from the passage that psychological reactions _______.A. are more serious than stage frightB. diminish our ability to speakC. diminish our ability to fightD. cause anxiety43. According to the passage, "butterflies in the stomach" are produced by _______.A. hunger painsB. the egoC. blood leaving the digestive systemD. poor articulation44. The passage mentions all of the following reactions EXCEPT _______.A. tremblingB. tensionC. dryness in the mouthD. blushing45. According to the passage, a speaking situation may result in _______.A. physical perilB. brain damageC. forgetfulnessD. psychological perilPassage ThreeA satellite is usually launched by a rocket. Once the satellite is in orbit, the plane of the orbit is relatively fixed in space. However, as the satellite goes around the earth, the earth spins on its axis beneath it. Thus on each circuit the satellite passes over a different part of the earth's surface.The orbit of a satellite is usually not a circle. During launching, variations from the calculations of elevation, altitude, and speed are impossible to eliminate. The orbit is then elliptical. Scientists deliberately plan for a satellite to enter an elliptical orbit so that it will probe a range of altitudes. An elliptical path can bring a satellite into the upper atmosphere. The friction of the atmosphere on the satellite causes its speed to decrease. It is then drawn closer to the earth, and may be heated ultimately to incandescence (白热，白炽) and be vaporized as it enters the lower portion of the eqarth's atmosphere.A satellite which has been given an initial horizontal speed of 30,000 km/hr orbits about the earth in a circular path at an altitude of about 500 km. If this horizontal speed is raised to 40,000 km/hr, the space vehicle leaves the earth's orbit and goes into orbit around the sun. The velocity at which this happens is called escape velocity. 46. According to the passage, an elliptical orbit may cause the satellite to vaporize dueto _______.A. the vibration of the enginesB. friction with the atmosphereC. the heat of the sunD. the earth spinning on its axis47. According to the passage, which speed will produce an elliptical orbit of a satellitearound the earth?A. 5,000 km/hr.B. 15,000 km/hr.C. 30,000 km/hr.D. 35,000 km/hr.48. The passage states that an elliptical orbit is beneficial because it allows thesatellite to _______.A. probe a range of altitudesB. orbit the sunC. vaporizeD. stay above the same point on earth49. The author's style can best be described as _______.A. argumentativeB. explanatoryC. humorousD. rhetorical50. According to the passage, satellite orbits are usually not circular because _______.A. there is friction in the atmosphereB. the earth spins on its axisC. variations from precise calculations are difficult to eliminateD. too great a speed is needed for circular orbitsPassage FourFor most of us, the work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, traveling to and from work. What we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide, and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations createdby inequality at work, unless we tackle it head-on; still less can we hope to create a decent and humane society.The most glaring inequality is that between managers and the rest. For most managers, work is an opportunity and a challenge. Their jobs engage their interest and allow them to develop their abilities. They are constantly learning; they are able to exercise responsibility; they have a considerable degree of control over their own and others' working lives. Most important of all, they have opportunity to initiate. By contrast, for most manual workers, and for a growing number of white-collar workers, work is a boring, dull, even painful experience. They spend all their working lives in conditions which would be regarded as intolerable—for themselves—by those who take the decisions which let such conditions continue. The majority have little control over their work; it provides them with no opportunity for personal development. Often production is so designed that workers are simply part of the technology. In offices, many jobs are so routine that workers justifiably feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine; as a direct consequence of their work experience, many workers feel alienated from their work and their firm, whether it is in public or in private ownership.51. In the author's opinion, people tend to judge others _______.A. completely by where they workB. absolutely by their amount of moneyC. to a great extent by the type of work they doD. slightly by their amount of money52. Why does the author take for a counsel of despair the opinion that workers shouldturn their attention from intolerable work to other parts of life?A. Because work is the sole focus of people's life.B. Because work has always been important in deciding the satisfaction in life.C. Because people are not interested in other parts of life.D. Because other parts of life are similarly intolerable.53. What may be the cause of the more obvious problems of industrial life?A. The frustrations in other parts of life.B. The frustrations resulting from inequality at work.C. The indecency and inhumanity of society.D. The cruelty of most managers.54. What does work mean to most managers and workers respectively?A. Work means opportunity and challenge to both managers and workers.B. Work means responsibility to workers only and control to managers.C. Work means a monotonous experience to both workers and managers.D. Work may be intolerable to workers and challenging to managers.55. Why do many workers feel alienated from their work?A. Because they have no control over their work.B. Because they feel themselves to be mere cogs in the bureaucratic machine.C. Because they are considered part of the technology.D. Because they spend most of their life working hard.Passage FiveUntil recently, hunting for treasure from shipwrecks was mostly fantasy; but with recent technological advances, the search for sunken treasure is becoming more popular as a legitimate endeavor. One team of salvagers has searched the wreck of the RMS Republic, which sank in 1909, 55 miles southeast of Boston harbor. The search party, using side-scan sonar, a device which projects sound waves across the ocean bottom and produces a profile of the sea floor, located the wreck in just two-and-a-half days. Before the use of this new technology, searches could take months or years. The team of 45 divers searched the wreck for two months, finding silver tea services, crystal dinnerware, and thousands of bottles of wine; but they did not find the five-an-a-half tons of American Gold Eagle coins they were searching for. Whether or not the team finds the gold, their mission has already sparked more debate between preservationists and treasure hunters over the spoils.While a shipwreck's treasure may not have a high monetary value, it can be an invaluable source of historic artifacts preserved in nearly mint condition. Maritime archaeologists worry that the success of salvagers will attract more treasure-hunting expeditions and thus threaten remaining, undiscovered wrecks. Once a salvage team has scoured a site, much of the archaeological value is lost. Preservationists are lobbying their state lawmakers to legally restrict underwater searches and unregulated salvages. On the other hand, the treasure hunters argue that without the lure of gold and million-dollar treasures, the wrecks and their historical artifacts would never be recovered.56. What is the main ideal of this passage?A. Searching for wrecks is now much easier due to new technologies like side-scan sonar.B. Maritime archaeologists are concerned over the unregulated searching ofwrecks.C. The search of the RMS Republic is causing further debate betweenpreservatinists and salvagers over searching wrecks.D. Treasure hunting on underwater wrecks threatens the archaeological value ofthe site.57. The word "sunken" in line 2 is closest in meaning to which of the following words?A. Broken.B. Underwater.C. Ancient.D. Hollow.58. The second paragraph is an example of _______.A. chronological orderB. explanationC. specific to generalD. definition59. What enabled the search team to find the RMS Republic quickly?A. Sea floor profiles.B. A team of 45 divers.C. Side-scan sonar.D. Sound waves.60. Which of the following people would most likely be a preservationist?A. A treasure-hunter.B. A diver.C. A lawmaker.D. A maritime archaeologist.Section BDirections:In this section, there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Put your answer on your Answer Sheet II.People can be addicted (上瘾的) to different things, e.g. alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive; i.e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders; they feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.1. Compulsive spenders get more pleasure in _______.2. Most people look for sales and discounts because _______.3. The problem with compulsive bargain hunters is that _______.4. Companies and advertisers often make use of comsumers' psychology to _______.5. What's the main idea of this passage?Part IV Translation (20%)Section ADirections: Put the following into Chinese and write your Chinese version on your Answer Sheet II.Equality between women and men is no longer a negotiable issue. As long as women remain unequal they can't have access to resources, they can never participate in political decision-making, they can't make their own choices in life. That is the bottom line. Women around the world are all concerned about equality. In developing countries, in states emerging as industrial powers, in the countries of the West, women are looking for action, action they sometimes call a revolution. [选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 1, Exercise Section 3 Translation I]Women's health needs have in the past often been overlooked, or assumed to be the same as men's. At the Cairo conference last year it was agreed that the consequence of unsafe abortions is part of overall health care. The public has to recognize that women have specific health needs which must be understood, and that women must have full access to adequate health-care services. [选自《新世纪博士生综合英语》Unit 1, Exercise Section 3 Translation II-6]Section BDirections:Put the following into English and write your English version on your Answer Sheet II.1993年国家对五万名初、高中生进行的调查显示中学生中吸食大麻的人数明显上升。
全国医学博士外语考试大纲听力
全国医学博士外语考试大纲听力
全国医学博士外语考试大纲听力部分如下：
1. 测试要求：
考生应能听懂不同口音、不同语速、不同语调和不同发音方式的英语，包括略读、连读、失去爆破等。
考生应能理解所听内容的中心思想和要点。
考生应能根据所听内容进行推理、判断和总结。
考生应能根据所听内容进行医学专业知识的理解和应用。
2. 测试形式：
本部分采用录音形式，时长约30分钟，共20题。
每道题目会播放两遍，第一遍为对话或独白，第二遍为对话或独白的某个部分，要求考生从四个选项中选出正确答案。
3. 测试内容：
对话或独白的内容涉及医学专业知识、日常生活场景、商务场景等。
涉及的词汇和表达方式将根据医学博士外语考试的水平要求进行选择。
4. 测试标准：
听懂对话或独白的内容，理解其中心思想和要点。
对所听内容进行推理、判断和总结。
根据所听内容进行医学专业知识的理解和应用。
以上是关于全国医学博士外语考试大纲听力部分的简要介绍，具体的考试内容和要求还需要以考试大纲为准。
2000年医学考博英语录音文本
2000Foreign Language Admission Test for medical Doctor StudentsPAPER ONEPart I ListeningSection A Listening Comprehension (10%)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear three talks. After each talk, there are three or four questions. The talks and questions will be read only once. You must listencarefully and choose the right answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Talk OneAn important new study reports that doctors now have a new drug called TPA for heart attacks. It may be better than any other heart drugs. Many doctors have been using a drug called streptokinase, which sometimes causes problems to patients. It can even cause bleeding in the brain. Streptokinase can save about 1/3 of the people with heart attack. But TPA will save about 2/3. This means many people. About 1.5 million Americans have heart attacks every year.One reason TPA can help more people is because of time. This new drug is easier and faster to use. It will give doctors more time in hospitals. Then they can study the problem well. People with heart problems can also keep some TPA at home. When a heart attack starts, they can take some TPA right away. Then they will have time to get to the hospital. This is important because about 860,000 people in the United States die before they get to the hospital.There is another reason why TPA is good news for people with heart attacks. According to the study, it is much safer. It does not cause other problems like streptokinase. TPA works only on the heart. It does not have an effect on the blood or cause bleeding.Doctors plan to do more studies about TPA. They need to test this new drug on many more people with heart attacks. But in a few years, many doctors and hospitals will probably start using this exciting new drug.1. What problem can streptokinase cause?2. According to the talk, how many Americans have heart attacks every year?3. Which is not mentioned as an advantage of TPA?Talk TwoSitting in wheelchairs, limping in special shoes and wearing glasses which stop them from seeing properly, thirty students from the City University of Hong Kong spent a day exploring the world of the handicapped. They were taking part in a one-day course, Journey into Compassion, to help them to understand the problems faced daily by the handicapped. Student affairs officer, Rebecca Chen said it would help create a caring campus community. Ms Chen was inspired by a magazine article on how doctors and hospital in the United States were able to appreciate the psychology of the patients better after they themselves were treated as patients. The idea is that the direct experience of the situation should be the first step to learning rather than study theory.Students were sent out in pairs, one handicapped and one observer, to complete a list of everyday tasks. This included borrowing books from a library, exchanging money at a bank and buying a ticket at a railway station. Social work student, Carina Lin, said she could never have imagined how simple task become real challenges for the disabled. “After sharing some of their experiences today, I have become much more aware of the needs and feelings of the handicapped”.Another student said that the experience has taught her to appreciate the ability of the handicapped. Many on the course seemed to have gained an insight into the psychology of the physically handicapped. But there was still much work to be done.4. Who were the participants of the program?5. What did they do according to the talk?6. Why did they take part in the program?7. What did the young .people gain in the program?Talk ThreePresident Abraham Lincoln often visited hospitals to talk with wounded soldiers during the Civil War. Once doctors pointed out a young soldier who was near death and Lincoln went over to his bedside.“Is there anything I can do for you?” asked the President.The soldier obviously didn’t recognize Lincoln, and with some effort, he was able to whisper: “Would you please write a letter to my mother?”A pen and paper were provided and the President carefully began writing down what the young man was able to say:“My dearest mother, I was badly hurt while I was doing my duty. I’m afraid I’m not going to recover. Don’t grieve too much for me, please. Kiss Mary and John for me. May God bless you and father.”The soldier was too weak to continue, so Lincoln signed the letter for him and added, “Written for your son by Abraham Lincoln.”The young man asked to see the note and was astonished when he discovered who had written it. “Are you really the President?” he asked.“Yes, I am,” Lincoln replied quietly. Then he asked if there was anything else he could do.“Would you please hold my hand?” the soldier asked. “It will help me to see it through to the end.”In the hushed room, the tall gaunt President took the boy’s hand in his and spoke warm words of encouragement until death came.8. What is the story about?9. What did the president do for the young man?10. What happened at the end of the story?Section B Spot Dictation (10%)Directions: In this section of the test, you will hear one passage. The passage will be read three times. On your answer sheet, you will read the same passage with 20 words missing.As you listen, read the passage on your ANSWER SHEET and fill in the blanks withthe exact words on the tape. There might be more than one word in a blank.When someone asks you to his or her home, it is very clear who is the guest and who is the host, but invitations to restaurant for lunch, dinner, coffee, a drink, etc, sometimes present problems, and the customs vary in different parts of the United States.In many instances it is the inviter who pays, as one would expect, but in some instances each one pays his or her own check: You “go Dutch.” This is of ten the case with friends in informal si tuations, such as “Let’s go get a beer” or “Want a cup of coffee?” In some parts of the country, however, some people like to entertain friends by taking them to a restaurant for a dinner insteadof having dinner at home. In this case, the host expects to pay and the guest may offer to leave the tip, which may be declined by the host. If so, just let the matter drop. If the invitation is expressed in fairly casual terms, such as: “Let’s go to Greenwillow for dinner,”it may be more of a suggestion than an invitation, so you should be prepared to pay your part of the bill.If you want to invite someone for a meal at a restaurant, be explicit：“I’d like to take you to Greenwillow.”Americans should be explicit also, but they often assume you know the local customs in the matter. Ask a friend’s advice if you are not sure.。
2014年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2014年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：W: It would help me if you could go over last week and give me an idea how much beer you drank each evening. M: Well, let me see, I went up to the pub 4 times last week, and drank about 3 pints each evening. Q: How much beer did the man drink last week?1．A．About 12 pints.B．About 3 pints.C．About 4 pints.D．About 7 pints.正确答案：A解析：男士说，“I went up to the pub 4 times last week，and drank about 3 pints each evening．”简单计算后可知，男士上周总共喝了12品脱的啤酒。
故答案为A。
听力原文：W: Is there anything else I can do to help me sleep tonight?M: Don’t worry so much about things of work. I know, I know, easier said than done. W: Should I stay home from work?M: No, I don’t think that’s necessary; just remember to stay calm. Q: What did the doctor suggest the woman do?2．A．Take a holiday from work.B．Worry less about work.C．Take some sleeping pills.D．Work harder to forget all her troubles.正确答案：B解析：医生建议说“Don’t worry so much about things of work”，即建议病人少想工作。
全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart ⅠListening Comprehension(30%)Section A1. C 根据男士的话Fewer people came than we had expected，可知募捐仪式来的人比预料的少。
2. C 根据男士的话allowing acid content to flow into the esophagus( 让酸性物质流进食道)可知这是关于胃的疾病。
3. A 根据女士的话I understand that this office helps students with housing ，i s that fight 可知这是校园内公寓管理办公室。
4. C 根据文中we've acted for hours ，Let's get something to eat，We'd be able to feel better with a little nutrition( 我们吃点东西就会好子)可知他们是筋疲力尽了。
5. C 根据文中you and some friends are organizing a cruise to Maldives 以及Alone if I have to 可知即使是没有朋友，他也会自己一个人去航行。
6. C 根据男士的话I'm afraid to have the runs( 恐怕我拉肚子了) 以及女士的话Are you going to the toilet often( 你经常上厕所吗) 可知男士的病是腹泻。
diarrhea腹泻。
revert返祖现象。
nausea恶心。
a running nose流鼻涕。
7. A 根据对话，女士已检查过男士的伤口，并清除了玻璃片，给伤口消过毒，根据女士的话The next thingI should do is to stitch you up 可知下一件事是缝合男士的伤口。
【免费下载】全国医学博士统一考试英语听力录音文本
2013医学考博英语听力原文Section A1.M: What’s the matter with this little boy?W: He has a chesty cough all the time. His temperature is high. And he keeps telling me he wants to be sick.M: Does he bring anything up?W: No, because he has been off his food for the past two days. He just brings up (呕吐) bile (胆汁).Q: Which of the following is not the boy’s symptom?2.W: Good afternoon, doctor. I have a terrible headache. Yesterday I had a runny nose. Now my nose is stuffed up.M: Let me give you an examination. First, let me have a look at your throat. Ok, now let me examine your chest. Do you have a history of tuberculosis?W: No, I don’t think so.M: Your throat is inflamed and your tongue is thickly coated. You have all the symptoms of influenza.Q: What is the woman suffering from?3.W: What are you looking for?M: My laptop. I can’t find it in my bag or anywhere.W: I can’t remember you carrying it here. Think about it one more time.M: That’s right. I left it at home.Q: Where is the man’s laptop?4.M: How is your work going?W: I think I will be finished soon.M: Well, I won’t be finished for a while.Q: What can be inferred about the man?5.W: When are doctor Peterman’s office hours?M: Monday, Wednesday and Friday from 10 a.m. to noon.W: That’s not very convenient for me. I have pathology class then.Q: What is the man?6.W: Hello, Eric, what can I do for you?M: I was wondering if you had the results.W: Oh, yes, the results. We’ve got them.M: Great.W: Here we go. Urea (尿素) 2.6 , Sodium (钠) 136, and Potassium (钾) 3.9.M: 3.5.W: No, that’s 3.9.Q: What is the man’s sodium level?7.M: Hello, this is Don North from Pediatrics. I’d like a word with Doctor Wilson if it’s possible.W: I’m sorry, but he left for Michigan to attend a conference this morning. He was in fact looking for you just before he left.Q: What is true about Doctor Wilson?8.M: I spent my one-month salary buying a pair of skis.W: Are you crazy? You’ve got a ski fever.Q: What can we say about the man?9.W: Most people feel culture shock when traveling to a foreign culture.M: That’s for sure. But they should do as Romans do.Q: According to the man, what are people supposed to do when traveling to a foreign culture?10.W: Cindy just got divorced.M: So soon! She got married only last summer.W: Well, she found out that her husband was not the millionaire she thought he was.Q: What does the woman imply about Cindy?11.M: Kate was the only one brave enough to speak her mind at the meeting today.M: Yeah, a lot of people felt the same way, but were too scared to say anything.She just voiced the aspiration of them.Q: Which of the following words can best describe Kate?12.W: Why didn’t you come to work yesterday?M: I was feeling a little under the weather.W: Did you go to see the doc?M: No, nothing serious.Q: Why didn’t the man go to work yesterday?13.M: Have you heard of the magazine The World of English?W: Of course. It is one of many English magazines that are now flying off book seller shelves.Q: What does the woman imply about the The World of English?14.M: Hello Doctor Marks. It’s Tim Tailor from ANNE at Edinburgh Central.W: Hello.M: I’ve got a young woman, a 30-year-old woman referred up by her GP with a kind of ____________ for about 10-15 days.W: Right.M: She’s been on antibiotics and basically it needs to be incised. Can you take her?W: Of course. What’s the patient’s name?Q: What is the woman?15.W: What do you know about treatments of cancer?M: Chemotherapy. But that makes your hair fall out, doesn’t it?W: Yes, there are some unpleasant side-effects. I’m not sure we need to consider that at this stage. We should see whether a series of injection will help.Q: What treatment will the man probably receive first?Section BW: Hello doctor Smith, welcome to our program “Health Journey”. Could you tell us something about swine flu.M: Well, it’s a common respiratory ailment in pigs that doesn’t usually spread to people.W: But why are so many people infected?M: Unlike most cases, this flu virus appears to be a sub-type not seen before in humans or pigs. It has genetic material from pigs, birds and humans, according to the WHO.W: Then why is it called swine flu? Why pigs are the carriers of this virus?M: Um. It’s closer to say that pigs were the mixing balls for this virus.W: What does it mean?M: I mean birds cannot pass bird flu to people. But pigs are susceptible to getting flu viruses that infected birds. The virus inside the infected pig might mutate to a form that could also infect other mammals.W: Wow, so complicated. By the way, can we catch swine flu from eating pork?M: Actually, ill pigs are not allowed to enter the market. Cooking also kills the virus. Only people who work with pigs can catch the virus.W: How do they feel if infected?M: The most common symptoms are fever, fatigue, lack of appetite and coughing, although some people also develop runny nose, sore throat, vomiting or diarrhea. W: What should we do if we have these symptoms?M: Stay home from work or school. Don’t get on a plane. Call your doctors to ask about the best treatment. Don’t simply show up at the clinic or hospital that is unprepared for your arrival.W: Say, the antiviral study. How is it going?M: This strain of swine flu does appear sensitive to the antiviral drugs Relenza (瑞乐沙) and Tamiflu (达菲), but not to Amantadine and Remantadine.W: We’ve learned a lot tonight. Thanks for your coming, doctor Smith.M: It’s my pleasure.Questions:16. What do we know about swine flu?17. What may cause people to have swine flu?18. According to the dialogue, which is among the most common symptoms of swineflu?19. What does the speaker advice the suspects of swine flu to do?20. What can be said of the dialogue?Passage OneQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage.About 10 million people in the U.S. alone, from troops returning from war to students with music blasting through headphones are suffering from impairing noise-induced hearing loss. The rise in trend is something that researchers and physicians at the University of Michigan Cresgo Hearing Research Institute are hoping to reverse, with the cocktail of vitamins and the mineral magnesium (镁) that shall promise as a possible way to prevent hearing loss caused by loud noise. The nutrients were successful in laboratory tests. And now researchers are testing whether humans will benefit as well. The combination of vitamins A, C and E plus magnesium is given on pill form to patients who are participating in the research. Developed at the UM Cresgo Hearing Research Institute, the medication, called Oral Quell, is designed to be taken before a person is exposed to the loud noise. Until a decade ago, it was thought that noise damaged hearing by intense mechanical vibrations that destroyed delicate structures of the inner ear. There was no intervention to protect the inner ear other than reducing the intensity of sound reaching it, such as ear plugs which are not always effective. It was then discovered that noise caused intense metabolic activity in the inner ear and production of molecules that damage the inner ear cells. And that allows the discovery of intervention to prevent these effects. The laboratory research that led to a new understanding of mechanisms underlying noise-induced hearing loss was funded by NIH, the Preclinical Translation Research that led to the formulation of Oral Quell as effective preventative was funded by General Motors and the United Auto Workers. Now Oral Quell is being tested in a set of four multinational human clinical trials: military trials in Sweden and Spain, and industrial trials in Spain and the trial involving students at the University of Florida who listen to music at high volumes on their iPods and other PDAsQuestions:21. According to the talk, how many victims of hearing problem are there in the United States alone?22. Which did UM Cresgo Hearing Research Institute develop to prevent hearing loss?23. According to the latest findings, what does loud noise damage?24. According to the talk, who supported the lab research?25. Which of the following is not included as the multinational human clinical trials for Oral Quell?Passage TwoQuestions 26-30 are based on the following passage.Catherine and other colleagues from Britain’s New Castle University combined data from 18 studies to look at the risk of abnormalities of babies whose motherswere obese or overweight. Obese women were nearly twice as likely to have a baby with neural tube defects which are caused by the incomplete development of the brain or spinal cord, the study found. For one such defect, spinal bifida (脊柱裂), the risk more than doubled. The researchers also detected increased chances of heart defect, cleft lip and palate, water on the brain (脑积水) and problems in the growth of arms and legs. The World Health Organization classifies around 400 million people around the world as obese, including 20 million under the age of 5, and the number is growing. Obesity raises the risks of diseases such as type II diabetes, heart problems and is a health concern piling pressure on an already overburdened national health system. Recent research has tight weight to other problems during pregnancy. A team from the Round Corporation Think Tank in California reported in 2008 that women who get pregnant after weight loss surgery tend to be healthier and less likely to deliver a baby born with complications compared to obese women. Further study may show how obesity may cause these problems, Juliet at New Castle University researcher who worked on the study said in a telephone interview. Women who are thinking about trying for a baby need to check their own weight first, and then think about seeking help if they are overweight.Questions:26. What is the talk mainly about?27. Babies whose mothers are obese may have increased chances of the following diseases except?28. According to the WHO, how many people are classified as obese around the world?29. Which of the following can be a suggestion for obese women who plan to have a baby?30. According to the talk, what may be the focus of further studies?。
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: What about the problem that I’ve been having in sleeping?F: I’m going to give you a prescription of some medicine to help you get a better night’s sleep. Q: What does the man want to know?1．A．How to deal with his sleeping problem.B．The cause of his sleeping problem.C．What follows his insomnia.D．The severity of his medical problem.正确答案：A解析：此题为细节信息题。
通过对话我们得知这位男士睡眠不好，女士要给他开药，帮助他改善睡眠，因而A为答案。
听力原文：M: How long should I take them?W: The prescription is for 30 days. If you’re still feeling depressed after 30 days, I’d like you to come back in. Q: What does the woman advise the man to do if his problem continues?2．A．To take the medicine for a longer time.B．To discontinue the medication.C．To come to see her again.D．To switch to other medications.正确答案：C解析：此题为细节信息题。
2001-2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案
PART 1SECTION A 1-5ACDBA 6-10ACADCSECTION B 1.far exceed those 2.devoted to research 3.applied aspects 4.drive out basic reasearch 5.invariably be undertaken 6.major scientific discoveries 7.pure 8.degradePART 2作文：在冬天锻炼身体PAPER TWO 1-5CCABC 6-10DBDCD 11-15DAABB 16-20CCADD 21-25DCACC 26-30CABAA 31-35CABAA 36-40BCCDB 41-45CCABB 46-50CDBDA 51-55CAADD 56-60CAACC 61-65DABDD 66-70CAADD 71-75CACDA2002年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5BCCAD 6-10BCCBC 11-15CDDCB 16-20ACBBA 21-25DDCCC 26-30ADACB 31-35BCACD 36-40CCCDD 41-45BDDBC 46-50DABAB 51-55BCDAC 56-60CCCAA 61-65ADDBA 66-70DDACC 71-75BAAAA 76-80BCBCD 81-85CBDDD 86-90ABCAD作文：如何保持充沛的精力2003年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DDBAB 6-10DCDBD 11-15BDDAA 16-20CADDD 21-25CDDAC 26-30DDBCD 31-35ABDCA 36-40DACCA 41-45ACCDD 46-50BDDCA 51-55BACAC 56-60BACBA 61-65CBCBC 66-70CBDAB 71-75DADCD 76-80BDCCA 81-85AADCB 86-90BCADB作文：健康从早餐开始2004年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5ABCCC 6-10BDADD 11-15ABCCD 16-20DACBA 21-25ABDCD 26-30ADCBC 31-35BADAB 36-40BABCB 41-45ACBDC 46-50DCADA 51-55ABDAB 56-60CAABC 61-65DCBDC 66-70DDCDB 71-75BDBCB 76-80BADAB 81-85BDCCA 86-90BDAAD作文：入世后看病如何挑医院2005年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1 -5 CACDA 6-10CDBCB 11-15CADBA 16-20DDBCB 21-25ABCBD 26-30CCDAD 31-35CABAA 36-40CADAD 41-45BACBA 46-50ABDCC 51-55BBABD 56-60ACACB 61-65BCB,B,C 66-70BDABC 71-75CACAB 76-80AADBD 81-85CBAAA 86-90DDDCB作文：艾滋病是全社会的威胁2006年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5 CBCDA 6-10BDDDC 11-15BAADB 16-20DDACD 21-25BCBAB 26-30BBDCC 31-35CDCCB 36-40BCBDA 41-45ACACA 46-50ACDDB 51-55BCACA 56-60BADBC 61-65DDDDA 66-70ACABD 71-75ACCCC 76-80BBAAD 81-86DBDBD 86-90DDB,B,C作文：走路与健康2007年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5DBBAD 6-10ABDCB 11-15ADACC 16-20BADDA 21-25CBDAC 26-30ACACC 31-35ADBAA 36-40BCDAC 41-45ACBDD 46-50ABCDB 51-55BADBC 56-60CACAD 61-65BCBAD 66-70CACCC 71-75BBBDA 76-80B,B,CDC 81-85CDCAA 86-90DDAAD作文：手术与害怕2008年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试卷答案1-5CBACC 6-10CADBA 11-15CDBCD 16-20ADDCA 21-25ADBAB 26-30BDCDA 31-35ACCDB 36-40CBCCB 41-45BCDDB 46-50ADCBD 51-55BACDB 56-60CADCA 61-66DBCBD 66-70DBDDC 71-75CCDBD 76-80BCCBA 81-85ADBCD 86-90AACAA作文：珍爱生命从护心开始1-5DBCCB 6-10CBDAB 11-15DABAB 16-20DABCD 21-25B,B,CDD 26-30CCADB 31-35ACBBA 36-40DCBAB 41-45BACDB 46-50ADDDC 51-55BBAAC 56-60BBACC 61-65DCBDB 66-70ADDAD 71-75DACAC 76-80DCBBB 81-85CDDBA 86-90CCDCB作文：水果是否可吃可不吃。