英语文学翻译：理雅各与许渊冲对《诗经》的

英语文学翻译：理雅各与许渊冲对《诗经》的

中译英版本比较

《诗经》是中国最早的诗集，英译本版本众多，且各具特色。本文将比较其中影响力较大的理雅各译本和许渊冲译本。两位译者都是顶尖的翻译大家，但因两位译者所处的时代、背景、身份、经历等都不尽相同，且由于各自不同的翻译目的，两个译本之间存在较大的差异。

理雅各是完整翻译《诗经》的第一人，强调忠实原文，翻译更偏向直译。其译本通常不仅包括原诗及其翻译，还增加了详尽的解释和评注，因此译本较长。而许渊冲的译本践行了自己提出的“三美”论（意美、音美、形美）。许渊冲认为翻译最重要的是要尽可能保持原作的美，为了不损害《诗经》的简洁之美，译文没有过多的注释。

例1、昔我往矣，杨柳依依。今我来思，雨雪霏霏。

理译：And no one knows our sadness.

At first, when we set out,

The willows were fresh and green;

Now, when we shall be returing,

The snow will be falling in clouds.

许译：When I left here,

Willows shed tear.

I come back now,

Snow bends the bough.

解析：两种译本通过不同的诗歌形式，都保留了原诗的意义。理雅各的译本提供了大量详细注释和评论，读起来更像散文，具有很高的学术价值。而许渊冲的译本通过运用韵律，在保留原诗美学的同时，韵脚工整，格律严格。

原诗结构一致，讲究押韵。理雅各严格遵守原诗的句子结构和顺序，但没有押韵，读起来更像是富有乐感散文。许渊冲煞费苦心来保留原诗音韵美，译文韵律格式采用：AABBCC,每行四个音节，双行押韵，且语言力求简短。

例2、彼采葛兮。一日不见，如三月兮。

彼采萧兮。一日不见，如三秋兮。

彼采艾兮。一日不见，如三岁兮。

理译：There he is gathering the dolichos! Is like three seasons!

A day without seeing him . There he is gathering the mugwort!

Is like three months! A day without seeing him

There he is gathering the oxtail-southerwood! Is like three years!

A day without seeing him

许译：One Day when I See Her Not When her I do not see,

To gather vine goes she. One day seems long as seasons three.

When her I do not see, To gather herbs goes she.

One day seems longer than months three. When her I do not see,

To gather reed goes she. One day seems longer than years three.

解析：该诗用重调叠咏的手法形象生动地描写了相爱青年男女彼此思念的心情。全诗由三节组成，“一日不见”在每节重复，其他行也只改动了一个字，情感程度逐渐加深。两译本都保留了原诗的重调叠咏，但实现的方式有所不同。理雅各直译原诗的每一个词，词序没有发生任何变化，用词与结构与原诗完全一致，较为可惜的是没有像原诗一样押韵。许渊冲

没有字字对译，对词序做了灵活处理，以更好地传递原诗字里行间所表露出的深层含义和情感。对于第二节咏叹部分“long as"稍作变动，全诗没有完全一致采用“longer than".

例3、召南·野有死麕

野有死麕，白茅包之。有女怀春，吉士诱之。

林有朴樕，野有死鹿。白茅纯束，有女如玉。

舒而脱脱兮，无感我帨兮，无使尨也吠。

理译：In the wild there is a dead antelope, And it is bound round with the white grass.

And it is wrapped up with the white grass. There is a young lady like a gem.

There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring, [She says], Slowly, gently, gently;

And a fine gentleman would lead her astray. Do not move my handkerchief;

In the forest there are th scrubby oaks; Do not make my dog bark.

In the wild there is a dead deer,

许译：An antelope is killed. He sees the white-drest maid

And wrapped in white afield. As beautiful as jade.

A maid for love does long, “O soft and slow, weetheart,

Tempted by a hunter strong. Don't tear my sash apart!"

He cuts down trees amain. The jadelike maid says,"Hark!

And kills a deer again. Do not let the dog bark.