初中名词、介词和连词

名词

表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词

中考考点

1．正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2．掌握可数名词复数的构成。

3．掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。

考点一不可数名词

不可数名词：没有复数形式，不可数名词前面不能用a/an。必须要记住的不可数名词：

液体类water，milk，juice，orange，coffee，tea，coke, ink, rain, wine

食物类meat，fish，chicken，beef，pork，mutton，rice, salt, sugar, porridge, bread

语言类Chinese，Japanese，English，French，German, Russian

材料类metal，paper，glass，grass，bamboo，cotton, silk, wool, wood, hair, plastic

其他类snow，ice，wind，sunshine，news，music，weather，money，knowledge，homework，housework, teamwork, help, information, rubbish(waste), light, medicine

2.不可数名词的量化表达

(1)借助some，much，little，a little，a lot of，lots of，plenty of等来表示。

如：much water，some orange juice, a little milk

(2) 借助容器来表示。如：一杯咖啡a cup of coffee，十袋米ten bags of rice

(3) 借助计量单位来表示。如：一张纸a piece of paper, 一片面包a slice of bread

3．既可数又不可数的名词

有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：

chicken—鸡(可数); 鸡肉(不可数) room—房间(可数); 空间(不可数)

fish—鱼(可数); 鱼肉(不可数) glass—玻璃杯(可数); 玻璃(不可数) paper—试卷，报纸(可数); 纸张(不可数) time—倍数，次数(可数); 时间(不可数) work—作品(可数); 工作(不可数) experience—经历(可数); 经验(不可数)

考点二可数名词

1．规则名词复数的构成

●一般情况加-s map→maps bag→bags year→years

●以s, x, sh, ch 等结尾的词加-es

bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes beach→beaches

●以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词变y为i, 再加-es

story→stories family→families party→parties

●以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词直接加-s

day→days key→keys monkey→monkeys

●以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词无生命的加-s，有生命的加-es

photo→photos tomato→tomatoes potato→potatoes hero→heroes

●以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词直接加-s

zoo→zoos radio→radios kangaroo→kangaroos

●以f或fe结尾的词大多数变f或fe为v或ve，再加-s

knife→knives leaf→leaves shelf→shelves thief→thieves

2.不规则名词复数形式的构成

●改变单数名词中的元音字母

foot→feet; tooth→teeth; man→men；woman→women; policeman→policemen;

policewoman→policewomen; Englishman→Englishmen

●单复数形式相同Japanese; sheep; Chinese

●只有复数形式trousers; glasses; clothes; people; pants

●其他mouse→mice; child→children

考点三名词所有格

1．构成

(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：

①一般情况下在表示有生命的物体的名词后加's。如：

迈克的汽车Mike’s car 我妈妈的生日my mother’s birthday

②以s结尾的复数名词只加'。如：教师节Teachers’ day

③不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加's 。如：儿童节Children’s day

(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of＋表示无生命的物体的名词”构成。如：

我们教室的一张照片a photo of our classroom 一张中国地图 a map of China

[注意] 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词也可用's构成所有格。如：今天的报纸today’s newspaper 世界人口the world’s population

2．特殊用法

(1)表示一件东西为两人或三人共有时，只需在最后一个名词后加's，后面所跟名词用单数；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加's，后面所跟名词用复数。如：

莉莉和露西共有的房间Lily and Lucy’s room

莉莉和露西各自的房间Lily’s and Lucy’s room

(2)表示“某人家”、“店铺”、“诊所”等处所。如：

在李雷家at Li Lei's 在医生的诊所at the doctor’s 在药店at the chemist's

(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of＋名词所有格” 或“of＋名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书a book of my f ather’s

我的一个朋友a friend of mine＝one of my friends

用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空

1．We should learn from __heroes_ (hero)．

2．_Leaves_(leaf) turn green in spring.

3．_Teachers’__ (teacher) Day is on September 10th.

4．I think Jackie Chan is one of the most popular _actors_ (actor)．I like him very much. 5．The two _boys’_(boy) jackets are very new.

6．He is a friend of my __sister’s__(sister)．

7．All the _women_(woman) teachers are happy on March 8th.

8．My dream is to be a famous doctor and save patients’ _lives_(life).

9．Here are some _photos_ (photo) for you.

10．Those _policemen_ (policeman) are looking for the lost kids.

11. A good teacher is a good _listener_(listen). A teacher is there to listen to every student and help them out.

12．Here are five _bottles_(bottle) of _juice_(juice) for you.

13．How many _days_(day) are there in a week?

14．The dictionary is not mine, but _Xiao Zhou’s_(Xiao Zhou)．

15．Now people hope to eat healthily and begin to care about the_safety_(safe) of food. 16．How many times do you brush your __teeth__(tooth) every day?

17．Take a short rest after two _hours’_(hour) hard work, and you won't feel too tired.