大学英语AB级重点语法结构

大学英语A/B级重点语法结构一、时态与语态二、情态动词三、动词不定式四、分词（分词作状语，分词的独立结构，分词短语作定语和补语，with结构，动名词）五、定语从句六、状语从句七、虚拟语气八、主谓一致九、倒装句十、强调句十一、反义疑问句十二、代词十三、形容词和副词一、时态与语态考察重点：▲过去完成时：常和before, after, until, when 等引导的时间状语从句连用，其谓语动作一般表示过去。

（by the time/the end of ）+ 表示过去时间的短语或句子。

hardly/scarcely +过去完成时+when+过去时；no sooner + 过去完成时+ than + 过去时▲现在完成时和现在完成进行时状语词组：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。

▲将来完成时：常和before, until , when, after 等词连用，其谓语动作一般表示将来。

by (the time/end of )+表示将来的时间或句子。

1)By the end of this month, we surely ____a satisfactory solution to theproblem.A.have foundB. will be findingC. will have foundD. are finding2)It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take themachine apart to put it high.A.have leakedB. is leakingC. leakedD. has been leaking3)the conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.A. must have lastedB. will have lastedC. would lastD. has lasted4) Until then, ____ his family from him for six months.B. hasn’t been hearingA. didn’t hearC. hasn’t heardD. hadn’t heard二、情态动词情态动词测试重点：▲should (ought to) +have +p.p. （应该发生而没有发生的事情）▲might(could)+have +p.p. （过去可能发生而没有发生的事情）▲must+have +p.p. (对过去事件的推论) 只用于肯定句。

否定句用can’t , can.1)The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned.A.can’t have beenB. shouldn’t have beenB.mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been2)With all this work on hand, he ____ to the cinema last night.A. mustn’t goB. wouldn’t goD. shouldn’t have goneC. oughtn’t go三、动词不定式考察重点：不定式的完成式，进行式和被动式。

1）Mrs. Brown is supposed ____ for Italy last week.A.to have leftB. to be leavingC. to leaveD. to have been left2) I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem____ all the time.A. to get worseB. getting worseC. to have got worseD. to be getting worse3) This book is said _____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.A. to have been translatedB. to translateC. to be translatedD. to have translated四、分词（现在分词和过去分词）(一)分词作状语当分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语保持一致，表示时间、原因、条件、方式、让步和伴随。

现在分词和主句中的主语有主动关系，过去分词和主句中的主语有被动关系。

1）Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.A. scoldingB. to scoldC. having scoldedD. scolded2) _____ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.A. To be givenB. Having been givenC. Having givenD. Giving3）Heated，water changes into steam. (时间状语)当受热时，水就变成了蒸汽。

4）Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. （原因）由于不知道如何处理这个问题，我向老师求助。

5）Being ill, the girl still came to class yesterday. （让步）虽然病了，这个女孩仍然来上课了。

6）His father died, leaving his son nothing. （结果）他父亲死了，给他的儿子什么都没留下。

（二）分词的独立结构当分词短语作作状语时，其逻辑主语一般与句子的主语不一致，分词短语前需带其本身的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。

1）His voice _______，he said he was too upset to say any more．A）shake B）be shakingC）was shaking D）shaking2）Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。

3）More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

4）Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

（时间）5）The condition being favorable, he may succeed.（条件）若条件有利，他或许能成功。

6）There being no taxis, we had to walk.（表示原因）没有出租车，我们只好步行。

7）Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. （伴随情况）几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体(三）分词短语作定语和宾补1）The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.A. to be informedB. on informingC. informedD. informing2) The first text book _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. writtenB. to be writtenC. writingD. being written3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定语---被动意义)4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. （完成意义）5) Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? （后置定语）6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise（四）With+名词（代词）+ V-ed/ V-ing1). John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.A. finishedB. finishingC. having finishedD. was finished2). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on(五) 动名词考察重点只跟动名词的动词：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confess, include, acknowledge, understand,To作介词后面接ing分词常见几个词组：be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doingobject to, look forward to状语从句1)They are considering ____ before the prices go up.A.of buying the houseB. with buying the houseC. buying the houseD. to buy the house2) it’s no use ____ me not to worry.A. you tellB. your tellingC. for you to have toldD. having told difficultytroublehave a good/hard time (in) +v-ingno businessplease(六) 定语从句考察重点：▲that, as, when, where, which, whose 引导的定语从句▲名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级和最高级+of +which /whom▲介词+ which/whose/whom1) A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. whoB. who’sC. whoseD. which2) The train ____ she was traveling was late.A. whichB. whereC. on whichD. in that3) Some of the roads were flooded, ___ made our journey more difficult.A. whichB. itC. whatD. that4) He has two sons, ___ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom5) ____ might be expected, the response to the question was vey mixed.A. AsB. ThatC. ItD. What(七) 状语从句考察重点：1）时间状语从句的名词词组：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant2) 原因状语从句的连词：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason that, now that, given that, because, since, as, for3) 目的状语从句：lest, in case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that4) 条件状语从句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that （假若）, suppose that, in case that, on condition that，assuming that，（假定），suppose/supposing that （假使）（不同程度的比较）, as(同5）比较状语从句：the more …the more, than级比较)6）让步状语从句：though, although, even if, even though，as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装), while ( 一般用在句首), no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc.1). We won’t give up ______________we should fail ten times.A. even ifB. sinceC. whetherD. until2) We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.A. untilB. sinceC. whileD. when3) . Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.A. very, thatB. so, thatC. such, asD. enough, as4) . He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.A. no matter whateverB. whateverC. whatD. that5) Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.A. didn’t I realizeB. did I realizeC.I didn’t realizeD. I realized(八) 虚拟语气在下列表示具有请求、建议、愿望、命令等主观意向的动词、形容词、名词、过去分词等之后的从句中，需用虚拟语气。