罗经国《新编英国文学选读》(第4版)教材-第1章 盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)【圣才出品】

第1章盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(450～1066)

1.1 复习笔记

Ⅰ. Historical Background（历史背景）

(1) The earliest settlers of the British Isles were the Celts, who migrated to the British Isles about 600 B.C.

不列颠群岛最早的定居者是凯尔特人，他们大约在公元前600年移民到不列颠群岛。

(2) From 55 B.C. to 407 A.D. the British Isles were under the rule of the Roman Empire.

从公元前55年到公元407年，不列颠群岛处于罗马帝国的统治之下。

(3) About 450 A.D., waves of the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invaded the British Isles. They settled in England, and drove the Celts into Wales, Scotland, and Ireland.

公元450年左右，盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人占领了不列颠群岛。他们在英格兰定居，将凯尔特人驱逐到威尔士、苏格兰和爱尔兰。

(4) It was around 500 A.D., in the struggle against Cerdic, the founder of the kingdom of Wessex, that the Celtic King Arthur, a legendary figure, is said to have acquired his fame.

大约在公元500年，在与威塞克斯王国创始人塞迪奇的斗争中，传说中的凯尔特王亚瑟获得了他的名声。

(5) Beginning from the later part of the 8th century, the Danes, or the Vikings, came to invade England, at first, along the eastern coast, but later they threatened

to overrun the whole country.

在8世纪50年代初期，丹麦人又叫北欧海盗开始入侵英格兰，开始是东海岸，进而威胁到整个国家的统治。

(6) In the second half of the 9th century King Alfred, the Great of Wessex (849～899) led the Anglo-Saxon kings to defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.

在9世纪后半期，阿尔弗雷德国王，威塞克斯的统治者领导盎格鲁-撒克逊的国王们团结一致打败了入侵者。

(7) In the early 11th century all England was conquered by the Danes for 23 years. Then the Danes were expelled, but in l066 the Normans came from Normandy in northern France to attack England under the leadership of the Duke of Normandy who claimed the English throne.

在11世纪早期，整个英格兰已经被丹麦统治23年了。后来丹麦人被驱逐出境，但是1066年，罗马人从法国北部的诺曼底登陆，在诺曼底公爵的领导下袭击英格兰，宣布他对英国的统治。

Ⅱ. Northumbrian School and Wessex literature（诺森伯兰流派和西萨克斯文学）There were two highlights in the development of the Anglo-Saxon literature.

盎格鲁-撒克逊文学发展史上有两个制高点：

(1) The first was the Northumbrian School. Its center was the monasteries and abbeys in the kingdom of Northumbria. Related with this school was Caedmon who lived in the 7th century and who turned the stories in the Bible into verse form. Another well-known figure of the Northumbrian School was the Venerable Bede

(673～735), a monk who wrote in Latin and whose work. The Ecclesiastical History of English People earned for him the title of “Father of English History”.

第一个制高点是诺森伯兰流派。它的中心是诺森伯兰王国的寺庙和修道院。和这个学派密切相关的是生活在7世纪的凯德蒙，他将圣经中的故事转化成诗歌的形式。另外一位代表人物是可敬的圣彼得(673～735)，一个用拉丁文写作的和尚，他凭借《英吉利教会史》一书，被誉为“英国历史之父”。

(2) In 871 Alfred became king of Wessex. His contributions to English literature are threefold. First, a number of Latin books of educative value were translated into West Saxon dialect. It is said that King Alfred himself translated the history by Bede. Secondly, Alfred was responsible for the launching of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It began with the story of Caesar’s conquest and annually recorded important events until 1154. It is an important history book as well as a piece of literary work. Alfred’s third contribution is that he created a style of Anglo-Saxon prose which was not obscure.

871年，阿尔弗雷德成了威塞克斯之王，他对英国文学的贡献包括以下三个方面：①一些具有教育价值的拉丁文书籍被翻译成西撒克逊方言。据说阿尔弗雷德本人翻译了彼得写的史书；②他推动了《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》的撰写。史书包括从凯撒征战到1154年间发生的重要事件。这是一本重要的史书，同时也是杰出的文学著作；③他发明了一种易于理解的的文体——盎格鲁-撒克逊散文。

Ⅲ. Anglo-Saxon poetry（盎格鲁-撒克逊诗歌）

Some 30, 000 lines of Anglo-Saxon poetry have survived. There are a long epic