皮肤性病学课件:3_1带状疱疹英文教学
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《带状疱疹》PPT课件
2021/8/17
陕西师范大学
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③防止外伤。外伤易降低机体的抗病能力,容易导致本病 的发生。因此老年患者应注意避免发生外伤。
④避免接触毒性物质。尽呈避免接触化学品及毒性药物, 以防伤害皮肤,影响身体健康,降低机体抵抗力。
⑤增进营养。老年人应注意饮食的营养,多食豆制品,鱼、 蛋、瘦肉等富自蛋白质的宝物及新鲜的瓜果蔬菜,使体格健壮, 预防发生与本病有直接或间接关系的各种疾病。
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2021/8/17
课程名称
院 系: 专业班级: 主 讲:李青青
陕西师范大学
1
带状疱疹
带状疱疹(herpes zoster)是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒(herpes varicella-zoster Virus,VZV)所致的急性皮肤黏膜感染性 疾病。临床上以突然发生的、沿神经带状分布、单侧分布、 密集成群的疱疹为特点,疼痛明显,愈后极少复发。本病传 染性很小,带状疱疹患者不能直接传播带状疱疹病毒,但能 在易感人群中造成水痘流行。其传播途径仍为“皮肤-空气呼吸道”。小儿感染VZV(初发感染)临床表现为水痘,成人 表现为带状疱疹。带状疱疹感染在成人约占10%~20%,但以 老年人及免疫缺陷者多见。局部外伤、部分系统疾病和急、 慢性传染病及中毒等为常见促发因素。
1~2周脱痂,遗留的色素也逐渐消退,一般不留瘢痕,损害不
超越中线。老年人的病程常为4~6周,有超过8周者。
口腔黏膜的损害,疱疹多密集,溃疡面较大,唇、颊、舌、
腭的病损也仅限于单侧。第一支除额外,可累及眼角黏膜,甚
至失明;第二支累及唇、腭及颞下部、颧部、眶下皮肤;第三
支累及舌、下唇、颊及颏部皮肤。此外,病毒入侵膝状神经节
【2、茉莉花糖水】 配方: 茉莉花5克,红糖适量。 制法: 茉莉花与红糖放锅内,加清水适量,煮至水
HerpesZoster带状疱疹ppt课件
patients with malignancy and AIDS.
Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Diagnosis
Typical lesions: crops of clustered vesicles surrounded
by erythema, forming in a discontinuous band, with enlarged regional lymph nodes. The distribution of a signal dorsal nerve root. Obvious neuralgia
The regional lymph nodes are enlarged and tender.
Complications
Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)
The pain persists after the skin lesions have healed, with the same quality as that of acute zoster pain.
In conclusion: ❖ Definition
Pathogen ❖ Clinical manifestations
Complications ❖ Diagnosis and misdiagnosis
Treatment
Definition
Herpes zoster is caused by VZV, classically occurs unilaterally within the distribution of a sensory nerve, with the features of clustered vesicles and neuralgia.
Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Diagnosis
Typical lesions: crops of clustered vesicles surrounded
by erythema, forming in a discontinuous band, with enlarged regional lymph nodes. The distribution of a signal dorsal nerve root. Obvious neuralgia
The regional lymph nodes are enlarged and tender.
Complications
Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN)
The pain persists after the skin lesions have healed, with the same quality as that of acute zoster pain.
In conclusion: ❖ Definition
Pathogen ❖ Clinical manifestations
Complications ❖ Diagnosis and misdiagnosis
Treatment
Definition
Herpes zoster is caused by VZV, classically occurs unilaterally within the distribution of a sensory nerve, with the features of clustered vesicles and neuralgia.
(医学课件)带状疱疹的护理PPT演示课件
3、配液方法:先加入注射用水1ml使溶解后,再加入
适量的溶液(如葡萄糖注射液),使浓度不高于 7mg/ml,若浓度太高(10mg/ml)可引起静脉炎,外溢 时注射部位出现炎症
4、常见的不良反应:注射部位的炎症或静脉炎、皮肤
瘙痒或荨麻疹。少见的不良反应:注射给药特别静脉
注射时,少见有急性肾功能不全、血尿和低血压。罕 见的不良反应:昏迷、意识模糊、幻觉、癫痫等中枢 神经系统症状
.
14
耳部带状疱疹
◎ 膝神经节受累,可影响
面神经的运动和感觉纤维, 导致面瘫、耳痛、外耳道 疱疹三联征(Ramsay-Hunt 综合征)
.
15
四肢带状疱疹
.
16
根据临床特殊表现分五类
1、不全型或顿挫型(无疱型)
2、大疱型带状疱疹 3、出血型带状疱疹 4、坏疽型带状疱疹 5、泛发型(播散型)带状疱疹
毒进入皮肤的感觉神经末
梢,持久地潜伏于脊髓后 根神经节的感觉神经或颅 神经节中
. 4
发病机制 (pathogenetic)
◎ 这种病毒一般呈“沉睡状态”
◎ 但劳累、熬夜、酗酒、急性感染以及手术创伤等因素 都能“激活”它们,激活的病毒可以沿着周围神经纤维 再移动到皮肤发生疱疹
.
5
水痘—带状疱疹病毒(VZV)
2、后遗症状:大部分患者在病变区域内除了疼痛之外
还可以出现感觉异常、蚁行感、痒、紧束感、麻木感 或不定时抽动及其他不适的感觉等,比疼痛还要难以 忍受,临床病程往往与疼痛症状并存,在绝大部分患
. 32
带状疱疹后遗神经痛的临床表 现
3、疼痛的性质:以突发的刀割样或闪电样发作痛或持
续性烧灼痛为主,不能触摸,甚至衣服磨擦都能引起 “火烧火燎”样烧灼痛,大多数患者的疼痛是难以忍 受的,另外疼痛区域内还可夹杂有麻木或痒感,极个 别患者缺乏典型的神经痛症状
带状疱疹PPT演示课件
16
带状疱疹护理常规
1.休息:发热、全身不适者卧床休息。一般 不鼓励卧床,适当活动,保证夜间充足睡眠, 对疼痛剧烈者,睡前半小时遵医嘱给镇静催眠 药。保持环境安静。
2. 饮食:给高蛋白、高维生素饮食,多食蔬 菜、水果,多饮水,保持大便通畅,忌牛羊肉皮肤护理:剪短指甲,避免搔抓、摩擦及 肥皂、热水烫洗。内衣应柔软、全棉。衣服、 被单污染后立即更换,保持皮肤清洁。
带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN):带状疱疹皮损消退后,神经痛可 持续超过1个月以上,称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛。
其他:顿挫型或不全型、大疱型、出血型或坏疽型、泛发型、播 散型带状疱疹。
7
特点
红斑基底上有成串水疱 疼痛剧烈 皮疹不超过身体的前后正中线 终生免疫
8
诊断与鉴别诊断
根据带簇集性水疱、带状排列、单侧分布及伴 有明显的神经痛等特点,不难诊断。本病应与 单纯疱疹、接触性皮炎、急性阑尾炎、胸膜炎 等相鉴别。
破,吸尽疱液或使疱液流出,以减轻胀痛不适。
14
针灸疗法
针刺取穴合谷(双侧)、支沟、阳陵泉(均用患 侧),局部病灶采用围针,以病损大小决定围 针多少,最多15根,最少4根,离疱疹0.5寸处 呈15度角刺入,均用泻法。
取穴内关、阳陵泉、足三里,局部周围卧针 平刺,留针30分钟,每日1次;若后遗症持续 疼痛不止者,加支沟,或加耳针刺肝区,埋针 3天。
龙胆泻肝汤:龙胆草6g,栀子9g,黄芩9g,柴胡6g, 生地黄9g,泽泻12g,当归3g,车前子9g,木通9g,甘 草6g。水煎服,每日一剂。
11
中医治疗
(一) 辨证论治 2. 脾虚湿蕴型
证候:皮损色淡,疼痛不显,疱壁松弛,口不 渴,食少腹胀,大便时溏,舌淡苔白或白腻,
带状疱疹护理常规
1.休息:发热、全身不适者卧床休息。一般 不鼓励卧床,适当活动,保证夜间充足睡眠, 对疼痛剧烈者,睡前半小时遵医嘱给镇静催眠 药。保持环境安静。
2. 饮食:给高蛋白、高维生素饮食,多食蔬 菜、水果,多饮水,保持大便通畅,忌牛羊肉皮肤护理:剪短指甲,避免搔抓、摩擦及 肥皂、热水烫洗。内衣应柔软、全棉。衣服、 被单污染后立即更换,保持皮肤清洁。
带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PHN):带状疱疹皮损消退后,神经痛可 持续超过1个月以上,称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛。
其他:顿挫型或不全型、大疱型、出血型或坏疽型、泛发型、播 散型带状疱疹。
7
特点
红斑基底上有成串水疱 疼痛剧烈 皮疹不超过身体的前后正中线 终生免疫
8
诊断与鉴别诊断
根据带簇集性水疱、带状排列、单侧分布及伴 有明显的神经痛等特点,不难诊断。本病应与 单纯疱疹、接触性皮炎、急性阑尾炎、胸膜炎 等相鉴别。
破,吸尽疱液或使疱液流出,以减轻胀痛不适。
14
针灸疗法
针刺取穴合谷(双侧)、支沟、阳陵泉(均用患 侧),局部病灶采用围针,以病损大小决定围 针多少,最多15根,最少4根,离疱疹0.5寸处 呈15度角刺入,均用泻法。
取穴内关、阳陵泉、足三里,局部周围卧针 平刺,留针30分钟,每日1次;若后遗症持续 疼痛不止者,加支沟,或加耳针刺肝区,埋针 3天。
龙胆泻肝汤:龙胆草6g,栀子9g,黄芩9g,柴胡6g, 生地黄9g,泽泻12g,当归3g,车前子9g,木通9g,甘 草6g。水煎服,每日一剂。
11
中医治疗
(一) 辨证论治 2. 脾虚湿蕴型
证候:皮损色淡,疼痛不显,疱壁松弛,口不 渴,食少腹胀,大便时溏,舌淡苔白或白腻,
带状疱疹PPT优秀课件
部、头顶出现水疱群,炎症重。可累及角膜、眼球 ③耳带状疱疹
膝神经节受累,可影响面神经的运动和感觉纤维, 导致面瘫、耳痛外耳道疱疹三联征
3.带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PostherPetic neuralgia,
PHN)
一般带状疱疹临床治愈后,持续疼痛超 过3个月以上,称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛 (PostherPetic neuralgia,PHN)
注意:一人一针
❖ 治疗前要用0.5%的碘酊或75%的酒精在疱疹局部皮肤常规消毒 ❖ 梅花针常规消毒治疗时梅花针弹刺要稳、准、快、力度均匀,深浅适
宜,可轻中度叩刺患处,使疱疹溃破出血对于尚未出现疱疹,但局部 潮红处,以轻叩刺微出血有出血倾向者慎用
3.传统方法治疗: 针灸疗法 取穴合谷、曲池、足三里、三阴交, 头部配风池,胸胁背部配太冲,腰背部配委中 针灸治疗后,可配以磁疗或激光照射
足
三
足
里
三
里
三阴交
针刺拔罐疗法
用梅花针、七星针在疱上或色素沉着区进行点刺或扣刺,用散火 拔罐,留罐3-5min,起罐后用消毒干棉球清洁皮肤、磁疗5分钟,3天 1次
❖ 维生素B1针0.1g及B12针500ug,每日肌注1次 ❖ 口服维生素B1片20mg/次,每日3次,甲钴胺0.5mg/次,每日3次
③ 消炎镇痛药物
❖ 可选用去痛片,布洛芬等 ❖ 糖皮质激素:一般不用,但眼部带状疱疹、老年患者为减轻神经根
损伤,可短疗程小剂量口服强的松
2.带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)治疗方法 ❖ 针刺拔罐疗法 ❖ 特殊治疗方法必须有专科医师实施
Байду номын сангаас7.激光疗法
❖ 氦-氖激光治疗:功率为5mW/cm2,直接照射皮损 区,每区5~10min,3~5次一疗程
膝神经节受累,可影响面神经的运动和感觉纤维, 导致面瘫、耳痛外耳道疱疹三联征
3.带状疱疹后遗神经痛(PostherPetic neuralgia,
PHN)
一般带状疱疹临床治愈后,持续疼痛超 过3个月以上,称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛 (PostherPetic neuralgia,PHN)
注意:一人一针
❖ 治疗前要用0.5%的碘酊或75%的酒精在疱疹局部皮肤常规消毒 ❖ 梅花针常规消毒治疗时梅花针弹刺要稳、准、快、力度均匀,深浅适
宜,可轻中度叩刺患处,使疱疹溃破出血对于尚未出现疱疹,但局部 潮红处,以轻叩刺微出血有出血倾向者慎用
3.传统方法治疗: 针灸疗法 取穴合谷、曲池、足三里、三阴交, 头部配风池,胸胁背部配太冲,腰背部配委中 针灸治疗后,可配以磁疗或激光照射
足
三
足
里
三
里
三阴交
针刺拔罐疗法
用梅花针、七星针在疱上或色素沉着区进行点刺或扣刺,用散火 拔罐,留罐3-5min,起罐后用消毒干棉球清洁皮肤、磁疗5分钟,3天 1次
❖ 维生素B1针0.1g及B12针500ug,每日肌注1次 ❖ 口服维生素B1片20mg/次,每日3次,甲钴胺0.5mg/次,每日3次
③ 消炎镇痛药物
❖ 可选用去痛片,布洛芬等 ❖ 糖皮质激素:一般不用,但眼部带状疱疹、老年患者为减轻神经根
损伤,可短疗程小剂量口服强的松
2.带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)治疗方法 ❖ 针刺拔罐疗法 ❖ 特殊治疗方法必须有专科医师实施
Байду номын сангаас7.激光疗法
❖ 氦-氖激光治疗:功率为5mW/cm2,直接照射皮损 区,每区5~10min,3~5次一疗程
带状疱疹zosterherpesPPT课件
治疗 Treatment
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中医内治法
早中期以清热解毒利湿为主 后期以通络化瘀止痛清余毒为主
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1.肝经郁热
• 主证:水疱初起,灼热疼痛,口干咽干,大便干结,
小便黄赤,舌红苔黄,脉弦数。
• 治法:清肝利湿解毒 • 代表方:龙胆泻肝汤加减
2.湿毒火盛
• 主证:水疱多而胀大,基底鲜红,灼热疼痛剧烈,或
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鉴别诊断
主要 与单纯疱疹(simplex herpes) 生殖器疱疹(genital herpes)相鉴别
发生于皮肤与粘膜交界处 皮疹为群集性小水疱 伴有痒痛,疼痛不明显 易复发
10
Simplex herpes 11
Simplex herpes 12
Genital herpes
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的一侧,不超过前后正中线。 皮损:红班基础上呈带状分布的成串水疱、
倦怠,食欲不振等全身不适 可伴淋巴结肿大 病程约2周,老年人约3~4周 疼痛性随年龄增长而加重
7
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特殊类型带状疱疹
无疹型带状疱疹 顿挫性或不全性带状疱疹 大疱性、出血性或坏疽性带状疱疹 泛发性带状疱疹 Ransay-Hunt综合征
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• 艾灸疗法 • 物理疗法
入地金牛酊湿敷患处加神灯或频谱仪照 射治疗,每次15-30分钟,每天1-2次.
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西医治疗
(一)抗病毒药:阿昔洛韦、丽珠威(万乃洛韦)、 聚肌胞等。
(二)止痛药:消炎痛、芬必得、颅痛定等。 (三)皮质激素:适用于病情比较严重的病人。 (四)其它药物:干扰素、转移因子、胸腺肽等 (五)外用:阿昔洛韦膏、疱疹净药水等。
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小结
带状疱疹是一种皮肤上出现成簇水疱,呈带状分布, 痛如火燎的病毒感染性皮肤病。属于中医“缠腰火 丹”、“蛇串疮”、“蜘蛛疮”的范畴
带状疱疹医学PPT课件
眼带状疱疹
眼带状疱疹为散发,以9-11月份多见。临床所 见眼带状疱疹伴有同侧三叉神经第一支受累,可见 眼睑红肿、结膜充血、水疱及痂皮,可累及角膜形 成溃疡性角膜炎,后因疤痕形成失明。严重者可发 生全眼球炎、脑炎、甚至死亡。
耳带状疱疹
又称Remsay-Hunt综合症,是由于VZV侵
犯面神经及听神经所致,临床特点为耳部 急剧疼痛和同侧面瘫,间伴重听、眩晕等 。可伴有发热、局部淋巴结肿胀和肋腺炎 。
支或/和上颌支分布区),出现独立或群集性伴
有红晕的水疱,严重时水疱可融合成片。若累及 膝状神经节,除具有病侧面神经周围性瘫痪、听 力过敏或下降外,可在外耳道、耳廓前庭部出现 分散或群集性疱疹(Ramsay-Hunt综合征)。 严重病例可引起带状疱疹性脑膜炎、脑膜脑炎、 小脑炎
极少数急性带状疱疹病人仅出现一侧,
男女之比为3:2
水痘--带状疱疹病毒
病毒颗粒的传播主
要以空气飞沫为媒
介,经呼吸道粘膜 进入体内。
诱发因素、脊髓炎等
急慢性传染病:传染性肝炎、麻疹等
化学品或药物中毒以及糖尿病、高血压、某些心肾疾病和
正常的分娩等均可为其诱发因素
4.坏疽型带状疱疹,皮疹中心发生坏疽,结成黑色痂不易剥离,愈后遗留疤 痕。
5.播散型带状疱疹,在恶性肿瘤或年老弱的患者,在局部发疹数日内,全身
出现类似水痘样发疹,常伴有高热,可并发肺、脑损害,病性严重,可致死 亡。
与水痘的区别
是由同一种病毒(水痘-带状疱疹病毒)引起的,但是临床表现 却不一样,这是为什么?我们知道水痘是一种传染病,那么带 状疱疹是不是也会传染呢?表面上看,这两种病没有什么关联 。水痘好发于 3~9岁儿童,无神经痛;带状疱疹多见于40岁以 上的成年人,疼痛剧烈。二者的皮疹形态及分布特点也不相同 。然而这是同一种病毒感染人体后先后引起的两种致病过程。 带状疱疹的发生不是由体外的病毒引起,而只能是由潜伏在体 内的病毒复发所致。 具体的过程是这样的:病毒初次感染人体后在体内大量增殖, 形成病毒血症,散布全身,导致人体发生水痘。水痘愈后病毒 可持久地潜伏于脊髓后根神经节或颅神经的感觉神经节中,至 成年后由于机体免疫力下降及理化因素刺激,潜伏病毒被激活 ,使受侵犯的神经节发炎及坏死,产生神经痛。同时,再活动 的病毒可沿神经轴突至支配的皮肤细胞增殖,于是此神经节支 配的皮区出现一串带状的疱疹,故称带状疱疹。
Herpes Zoster带状疱疹 ppt课件
patients with malignancy and AIDS.
Diagnosis and Misdiagnosis Diagnosis
Typical
lesions: crops of clustered vesicles surrounded by erythema, forming in a discontinuous band, with enlarged regional lymph nodes. The distribution of a signal dorsal nerve root. Obvious neuralgia
Misdiagnosis:
Pain ususlly precedes the eruption by 3 or 4 days, sometimes it may be misdiagnosed to other diseases, depending on different part. Appendicitis Cholecystitis Angina pectoris
Pathogen and Pathogenesis Pathogen
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is characterized by neurotropism and dermatotropism.
Pathogenesis
VZV causes varicella in childhood , and establishes latency in sensory ganglia after the primary infection. VZV may replicate later in life, taking advantage of the decline in immune function, traveling down the sensory nerve into the skin , showing neuralgia and clunical manifestations
Herpes Zoster带状疱疹
>a month
Ophthalmic Zoster
Ocular involvement is most commonly in the form of uveitis and keratitis.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Results from involvement of the facial and auditory nerves by the VZV.
Over a few days, crops of clustered red papules form in a discontinuous band and quickly evolve to clear vesicles surrounded by erythema.
The eruption may have few lesions or reach total confluence in the dermatome.
Lesions may become hemorrhagic, necrotic, or bullous.
The vesicles slowly become pustulars, and rupture to form crusts , which separate in two to four weeks, often with scarring.
Nerve blocks Improving immune function:
transfer factor (TF) Systemic corticosteroid therapy:
prednisone 10mg tid Physical therapy Topical therapy: 5% scl
Complications
Ophthalmic Zoster
Ocular involvement is most commonly in the form of uveitis and keratitis.
Ramsay Hunt syndrome
Results from involvement of the facial and auditory nerves by the VZV.
Over a few days, crops of clustered red papules form in a discontinuous band and quickly evolve to clear vesicles surrounded by erythema.
The eruption may have few lesions or reach total confluence in the dermatome.
Lesions may become hemorrhagic, necrotic, or bullous.
The vesicles slowly become pustulars, and rupture to form crusts , which separate in two to four weeks, often with scarring.
Nerve blocks Improving immune function:
transfer factor (TF) Systemic corticosteroid therapy:
prednisone 10mg tid Physical therapy Topical therapy: 5% scl
Complications
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buring or deep, aching pain the shooting, lancinating pain the triggered pain
The pain severity is related to the age the affected area the extent of the skin lesions
Clinical manifestations
Prodrome:
headache and fever hyperaesthesia pain in the affected area
Features of lesions
initially presents as papules and plaques of erythema
There are may only neuralgia and papuloid lesions but with no blisters.
Complications
Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN) The pain persists after the skin
lesions have healed, with the same quality as that of acute zoster pain.
The incidence of herpes zoster increases with advancing age and decline in immune function.
Other than immunosuppression and age, the factors involved in reactivation are unknown.
The tendency to have persistant pain is age dependent.
Ophthalmic Zoster
Ocular involvement is most commonly in the form of uveitis and keratitis. Less common but severe complications include glaucoma, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis.
crops of clustered red papules form in a discontinuous band
evolve to clear vesicles surrounded by erythema
the eruption may have few lesions or reach total confluence in the dermatome
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Pathogen
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is characterized by neurotropism and dermatotropism.
Pathogenesis
VZV ↓ the primary infection
Herpes Zoster
Ds caused by Varicella - Zoster virus (VZV) , classically occurs unilaterally within the distribution of a sensory nerve, being characterized by clustered vesicles and considerable neuralgia.
Hyperaesthia
The skin in the affected area may be hypersensitive , normally innocuous stimuli, such as clothing touching the skin , may produce pain.
Incomplete herpes zoster
The total duration of the eruption depends on three factors: patient age severity of eruption presence of underlying
immunosuppression
Distribution
cranial or spinal sensory nerve the thoracic (55%) the cranial (20%), with the trigeminal nerve being the most common single nerve involved the lumbar (15%) the sacral (5%)
lesions may become hemorrhagic, necrotic, or bullous
the vesicles slowly become pustulars, and rupture to form crusts , which separate in two to four weeks, often with scarring the regional lymph nodes are enlarged and tender
nonimmune host ↓
varicella
↓ VZV establishes latency in sensory ganglia
↓ the decline in immune function VZV may replicate later
↓
Herpes zoster
showing neuralgia and clustered vesicles
Neuralgia
The nature of pain associated with herpes zoster varies, but three basic types of pain have been described. the constant, monotonous, usually
The pain severity is related to the age the affected area the extent of the skin lesions
Clinical manifestations
Prodrome:
headache and fever hyperaesthesia pain in the affected area
Features of lesions
initially presents as papules and plaques of erythema
There are may only neuralgia and papuloid lesions but with no blisters.
Complications
Postherpetic neuralgia(PHN) The pain persists after the skin
lesions have healed, with the same quality as that of acute zoster pain.
The incidence of herpes zoster increases with advancing age and decline in immune function.
Other than immunosuppression and age, the factors involved in reactivation are unknown.
The tendency to have persistant pain is age dependent.
Ophthalmic Zoster
Ocular involvement is most commonly in the form of uveitis and keratitis. Less common but severe complications include glaucoma, optic neuritis, and acute retinal necrosis.
crops of clustered red papules form in a discontinuous band
evolve to clear vesicles surrounded by erythema
the eruption may have few lesions or reach total confluence in the dermatome
Pathogen and Pathogenesis
Pathogen
Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) is characterized by neurotropism and dermatotropism.
Pathogenesis
VZV ↓ the primary infection
Herpes Zoster
Ds caused by Varicella - Zoster virus (VZV) , classically occurs unilaterally within the distribution of a sensory nerve, being characterized by clustered vesicles and considerable neuralgia.
Hyperaesthia
The skin in the affected area may be hypersensitive , normally innocuous stimuli, such as clothing touching the skin , may produce pain.
Incomplete herpes zoster
The total duration of the eruption depends on three factors: patient age severity of eruption presence of underlying
immunosuppression
Distribution
cranial or spinal sensory nerve the thoracic (55%) the cranial (20%), with the trigeminal nerve being the most common single nerve involved the lumbar (15%) the sacral (5%)
lesions may become hemorrhagic, necrotic, or bullous
the vesicles slowly become pustulars, and rupture to form crusts , which separate in two to four weeks, often with scarring the regional lymph nodes are enlarged and tender
nonimmune host ↓
varicella
↓ VZV establishes latency in sensory ganglia
↓ the decline in immune function VZV may replicate later
↓
Herpes zoster
showing neuralgia and clustered vesicles
Neuralgia
The nature of pain associated with herpes zoster varies, but three basic types of pain have been described. the constant, monotonous, usually