2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1

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2020年考研英语一真题及答案完整解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultCome on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking amongteenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg arguesconvincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’ experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableA deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of Vermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear powe r plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to Vermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never real ly intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblictrust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from Vermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices. [B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals. [D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the Vermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’ patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’ power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] Vermont’s reputation might be damaged.In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist AlbertAzent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s conceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection. [B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom. [D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of Americ a’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices.Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but apublic-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured. [B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased. [D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitu de towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution. (42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of what they are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Yet for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culturerequires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players. [F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the pasthalf-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CSince the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingSome internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20 points）1.【答案】B【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_ _法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不通。

2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇

2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇留给我们的复习时间不多了，俗话说实践见真章，诸位考生，2020考研英语真题试卷模拟卷你做过了吗？文都考研现在给大家带来了模拟卷的阅读题，大家先试着做一做，相关答案与解析我们稍后放出。

接下来的时间，咱们一起努力！ヾ(◍°∇°◍)ﾉﾞ2020考研英语真题模拟试卷阅读篇As Gilbert White，Darwin，and others observed long ago，all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different population makes this task more difficult：some populations remain roughly constant from year to year others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity still others vary wildly，with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather，and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns，one school of thought proposes dividing populations into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations havedensity-dependent growth parameters that is，rates of birth，death，and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have density-independent growth parameters，with vital rates buffeted by environmental events these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses，but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing，no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth，death，and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages，if there were no density-dependent effects，the population would，in the long run，either increase or decrease without bound (barring a miracle by which gains and losses canceled exactly)。

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试

2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。

2020年考研英语一真题答案及解析

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语((一)试题解析Section I Use of English1、【答案】[C] On【解析】本题考查介词的用法。

在具体的某一天之前要用介词on,故本题正确答案为[C]On o2【答案】[A]match【解析】本题考查语义理解。

前文说数百万的英国人将在本周末庆祝本国的一个重大传统节日：周日烧烤节。

故英国人民在这一天应该特别欢乐的，因而也就没有什么烹饪乐趣(culinary pleasure)能与之媲美，故本题正确答案为[A]match 031 答案答案]][B] enjoyment【解析】本题考查语义理解。

由空前this可知本空应填名词，且该名词在前文应该出现过或与前文出现过的名词同义，而前文反复出现的名词为pleasureo并且，填入之后本句大意为这种快乐将会被视为是某种快乐，语义上能够说通，故本题正确答案为[B]enjoyment41 答案】[D] guaranteed【解析】本题考查语义理解。

前文说这种快乐将被视为是另一种罪悉的欢愉，并且从语法结构来看本句已完整，故本空及空后内容应该是分词短语作后置定语，修饰前文的guilty pleasure0后文说这种欢愉会损害我们的健康，根据情感一致原则可首先排除privileged,再结合上下文语义，可确定本题正确答案为[D]guaranteed,本句意为：这是一种升级的欢愉，并确定无疑地会损害我们的健康。

51 答案][A]issued公开的警示))为本空的宾语，浏览【解析】本句考查语意搭配。

由结构分析可知，空后名词短语a public waning (公开的警示四个选项可知本题正确答案为[A]issued,填入后意为“发布一则公开的警示”。

61答案】[B]at【解析】本题考查介词搭配的用法。

空前后大意为“在高温下烹饪的食物"，a...temperature表示在……温度下，故本题正确答案为[B]at071 答案][D]avoid【解析】本题考查语义理解。

2020年英语(一)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析

2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】 A.on解析：在某一天，用介词on.【2】 B.Match解析：考察动词，很少有别的美食愉悦可以与之媲美，只有这个符合原文。

【3】 A.enjoyment解析：由this 可知回指上文的pleasure.【4】 C.guarantee解析：空前这种愉悦应该成为另外一种罪恶愉悦，后文是损害健康，所以应该是肯定会损害我们的健康。

【5】 D.issued解析：考察动词，英国食品标准局(FSA)应该是公开或者发布警告。

【6】 A. at解析：和温度搭配只能用at。

【7】 C.avoid解析：上文提到这种化合物在高温下烹饪的一些食物中会形成以及会损害健康，所以应该是要避免这类食物。

【8】 D.partially解析：考察副词，修饰toast烤，前文提到要避免这类烧烤土豆片，拒绝薄皮披萨，所以只能是部分烤面包。

【9】 D. while解析：研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤和没有确凿的证据表明它会对人类造成癌症之间存在让步关系，所以选择while尽管。

【10】B. conclusive解析：考察形容词，修饰证据，只有conclusive 确凿的最符合语境。

【11】B. likely解析：后文提到没有科学证据，所以前文应该是可能致癌likely.【12】D. on the basic of解析：根据语义，应该是基于预防原则，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的，所以选择D。

【13】A. advisable解析：考察形容词，根据语义，应该是遵循建议是明智的。

【14】C. after all解析：考察逻辑联系词，后文提到吸烟导致癌症的传言已经流传了多年，所以此处毕竟更合适。

解析：上文一直提到的是高温下烧烤的食物应该可能会损害我们健康，所以食物和【15】B. connection致癌之间应该存在的是联系，其他选项不符。

2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1

2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题（1）GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper one）包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper two）包括翻译和写作两部分，共3题。

此外，试卷分A、B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。

二、试卷一（题号1-80）为客观评分题（听力Section C 部分除外），答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。

答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。

四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。

五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一和试卷二分卷计时的办法。

试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。

每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考老师收点试卷及答题纸。

全部考试结束后，须待监考老师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束，方可离开考场。

PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (25miniutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. To brush up her English at home.B. To be praised by her peers.C. To become her teacher’s favorite student.D. To care more for other subjects.2. A. Have a picnic. B. Play with her pets.C. See a movie.D. Stay at home.3. A. It’s a piece of cake. B. She has no idea.C. She already knows the answer.D. It’s beyond her expectation.4. A. Write a short mail to him. B. Chat with him on line.C. Telephone him.D. Text him soon.5. A. The poster looks better without the frame. B. The poster is not worth the money.C. The poster costs very little.D. The poster is very eye-catching.6. A. 14. B. 10.C. 65.D. 24.7. A. She is too busy. B. She can pass the exam next time.C. She doesn’t work very hard.D. She should be better prepared.8. A. exercise more frequently. B. Take less medicine each day.C. Try a new type of pain-killer.D. Have her back examined.9. A. George was not playing well. B. George always loses temper easily.C. George should have won the match.D. George is no match for his opponent.Section B (I point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. Aftereach question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk one10 A. 18-21. B. 22-25. C. 30-50. D. 70-80.11. A. Because older people become more thankful for what they have.B. Because older people spend less time in deep thinking.C. Because older people forget things more frequently.D. Because older people tend to be more reliable.12. A. Middle aged women had increased sleep problems.B. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.C. Being single affected the levels of happiness.D. Sleep quality declined as people got older.Mini-talk two13. A. High temperatures. B. Too much weight on the roof.C. The lack of rich soil.D. Sufficient watering system.14. A. They are normally painted green. B. They shorten the life of houses.C. They reduce energy consumption.D. They are used as water tanks.15. A. They need little water. B. They normally grow faster.C. They are less costly to grow.D. They could absorb more water.Section C (1point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25seconds to read the notes below.（请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. Compliments are so good that they can heal your _____________ (2 words).17. Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a co nversation, you’re not goingto get _____________ (3 words) from that person.18. After giving specific compliments, you should follow that _____________ (3 words).19. Adding compliments in front of people makes people respected and feel _____________ (4words).20. Last, avoid _____________ (2 words) with envy.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet21. Values play as much a role in tackling the national challenges as smart policies.A. addressingB. minimizingC. reinforcingD. stabilizing22. Despite her attempt to look happy, her behavior at the party struck me as odd.A. attackedB. imposedC. deemedD. impressed23. The intimate relationship between human beings and speech is not restricted to sound.A. ascribedB. confinedC. subjectedD. related24. This young man took a law degree with distinction and found a job in a well.A. differenceB. perfectionC. separationD. honor25. Differences in culture and values will give rise to conflict of ideas and tastes.A. outbreakB. assimilationC. clashD. harmony26. Unpleasant symptoms can cause the smoker to resume smoking to raise the levels ofnicotine in the blood.A. let downB. go aboutC. drop offD. return to27. With the progress in medicine, it is no longer difficult to attain old age.A. evadeB. reachC. postponeD. retard28. Before national day, these musicians some songs in honor of this special occasion.A. in celebration ofB. in respect ofC. in case ofD. in excess of29. Japan, after spectacular post-war economic growth, became the world’s second-biggesteconomy.A. superficialB. amazingC. virtualD. genuine30. This book gives a very particular account of the important battles during WWII.A. specialB. strangeC. detailedD. exceptionalSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Dozens of people were trapped for hours in the ________ of the train, but all have beentaken to safety.A. wreckageB. bandageC. cottageD. hostage32. The doctor advised me to increase my intake of healthy foods that can ________ heartdisease.A. give offB. pay offC. set offD. ward off33. The participants of the meeting discussed, ________, the future of the oil industry.A. from now onB. in the wayC. among other thingsD. on their mind34. Obama’s remarks were his most ________ description of how his personal religious beliefsfactor into his decision-making.A. externalB. extinctC. explicitD. executive35. Many United States teenagers ________ the road without receiving driver s’ education.A. beatB. hitC. strikeD. knock36. The ocean _______ 70 percent of the earth’s surface, but contains about 20 percent of theEarth’s total estimated species.A. takes upB. fixes upC. stirs upD. patches up37. With the _______ of a mouse, you can instantly get to see all the information you wantonline.A. crackB. clickC. chipD. clap38. Businesses of all sizes possess some type of _______ culture consisting of a set of valuesand goals.A. desperateB. corporateC. deliberateD. moderate39. When asked to disclose financial ties to drug companies, many doctors will ________ suchinformation.A. withdrawB. withstandC. witherD. withhold40. There is no exception ________ the rule that every rule has an exception.A. forB. onC. toD. inPart III Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B,C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetAn ecosystem is defined as an ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit. To be more ___41__, an ecosystem is a complex set of relationships among the living resources, ___42___, and residents of an area, composed of organisms that work together to remain healthy ___43___ energy is exchanged and system-level processes emerge. The ecosystem serves as the level of biological organization in which organisms __44__ simultaneously with each other and with their environment. As such, ecosystems are a level above that of the ecological community but are at a level below the __45__, which is essentially the largest of all possible ecosystems.The thing about ecosystems is that they are __46__ fragile and intensely complicated. If you influence the smallest variable, then it changes the __47__. This is why global warming is such a big issue, __48__ whether we created it or not. Ecosystems will change; however, if they change radically enough, our way of life will forever be affected. It is sad to think that future generations will not have the __49__ of witnessing these little creatures as we have in our lifetime. You have to go to preservations to witness the wildlife that __50__ be an everyday occurrence.41. A. realistic B. frank C. honest D. specific42. A. habits B. habitats C. inhabitants D. inhibitors43. A. in case B. if only C. but for D. so that44. A. interact B. concern C. interfere D. coincide45. A. biofuel B. biodiversity C. biosphere D. biochemistry46. A. concisely B. inherently C. robustly D. industriously47. A. whole B. entire C. all D. total48. A. along with B. due to C. regardless of D. as to49. A. trouble B. privilege C. time D. willingness50. A. was about B. had better C. used to D. would ratherPART IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked by A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneResearchers may have found a solution to the annoying gender-wage gap: tell all the male CEOs to have more babies. And only child daughters, to be precise.A new, not-yet-published study that tracked 12 years of wage data in Denmark finds that when male CEOs had daughters, their female employees’ wages went up 1.3 percent while thei r male employees only gained 0.8 percent raises. The study’s authors – from Aalborg University in Denmark, the University of Maryland, and Columbia –found that women’s wages were boosted even more if the daughter was the first child of the CEO. The researchers found that the birth of a first daughter to a male CEO“resulted in a 1.4 percent increase in women’s wages, and an approximately 0.8 percent decrease in the gender wage gap. If the first daughter was also a first child, the gender wage gap would dec rease by roughly 2.8 percent.” If a second daughter was born to a male CEO, women’s wages were not significantly affected. “Thus, our results suggest that the first daughter ‘flips a switch’ in the mind of a male CEO, causing him to attend more to equality in gender-related wage policies,” they write.David Gaddis Ross, co-author of the study and an assistant professor at Columbia’s Business School, said he would love to do a similar study in the United States, but there is no way the data would be availabl e. “Getting this information in the United States would be wildly difficult, especially on the family structure of the CEOs,”he said. The Denmark data did not reveal names of individuals or companies, but each employee of every company in the country is attached to a code that researchers could use to find gender, number of children, salary, and other information such as home address and phone number.The study is not the first to examine how having a daughter affects men’s decision-making. Ebonya Washington wrote in a study published in the American Economic Review in 2008 that U.S. legislators were more likely to vote more liberally on women’s reproductive issues if they had daughters. Another study found that parents with daughters were more likely to adopt feminist views on gender equality.51. According to the study, if the first child of the CEO was a daughter, the decrease of thegender wage gap was ________.A. 0.8%B. 1.3%C. 1.4%D. 2.8%52. The Denmark study finds that male CEOs with daughters may ________.A. better respect female privacyB. better promote gender equalityC. give more chances for womenD. hire more female employees53. According to David Ross, a similar study in the U.S. ________.A. will soon be underwayB. may produce similar resultsC. is unnecessary and costlyD. is unlikely to be carried out.54. Which of the following information about the CEOs is most difficult to get in the U.S.?A. Real income.B. Phone number.C. Family structure.D. Home address.55. The findings of the three studies mentioned in the passage ________.A. have little in commonB. seem to be confusingC. agree well with each otherD. are somewhat contradictory56. In which section of a newspaper is the passage likely to appear?A. People.B. Society.C. Technology.D. News.Passage twoVirtually nobody has memories from very early childhood –but it’s not because we don’t remain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don’t yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories.It’s clear that young children do remember facts in the moment – such as who their parents are, or that one must say “please”before mom will give you candy. This is called “semantic memory.”Until sometime between the ages two and four, however, children lack “episodic memory”–memory regarding the details of a specific event. Such memories are stored in several parts of the brains surface, or “cortex.” For example, memory of sound is processed in the auditory cortexes, on the sides of the brain, while visual memory is managed by the visual cortex, at the back. A region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ties all the scattered pieces together.“If you think of your cortex as a flower bed, there are flowers all across the top of yourhead,” said Patricia Bauer of Emory University in Atlanta. “The hippocampus, tucked very neatly in the middle of your brain, is responsible for pulling those all together and tying them in a bouquet (花束).” The memory is the bouquet – the neural pattern of linkages between the parts of the brain where a memory is stored.So why do kids usually fail to record specific episodes untilthe two-to-four age range? It may be because that’s when the hippocampus starts tying fragments of information together, said psychologist Nora Newcombe of Temple University in Philadelphia. And there may be a reason for this, Newcombe said. Episodic memory may be unnecessarily complex at a time when a child is just learning how the wor ld works. “I think the primary goal of the first two years is to acquire semantic knowledge and from that point of view, episodic memory might actually be a distraction,”Newcombe said.57. It can be learned that children under the age of two ________.A. have memory of detailed eventsB. have the ability to remember factsC. retain little information in their brainsD. process information the same way adults do58. Which of the following is an example of “episodic memory”?A. Brides remember what happened on their weddings.B. Little kids remember their parents’ names.C. We remember to wash hands before meals.D. We remember to say “Thank you” for others’ help.59. Memory of image is processed ________.A. in the middle of the brainB. on the left side of the brainC. on the right side of the brainD. at the back of the brain60. Assume that our cortex is a flower bed, then hippocampus is ________.A. the flowers grown in the flower bedB. the stimulator that helps the flowers growC. the string that ties the flowers into a bouquetD. the bouquet made of the flowers in the bed61. According to Newcombe, if episodic memory were developed before agetwo, it would ________.A. negatively affect children’s learning processB. help children better understand our worldC. push children to learn more quicklyD. bring children’s development to a halt62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. How kids develop their memory.B. Why can’t we remember our very early days?C. How is memory processed by the brain?D. Why kids’ memory differs from that of adults.Passage ThreeIs new technology damaging our ability to communicate? Fingers flying, we can blog, email, or enter chat room. But as we type billions of words, something is being lost. Face-book is not the same as face to face and, as our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of e-mails from schools. They often attach long lists of questions, to which they want detailed responses. Time is short, so I usually reply that they can phone me and I’ll do my best to answer. They very rarely do, partly because they verbal and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type and e-mail.Yet to adapt an old business saying, a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five e-mails. Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust. People aremore likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak to another person. Most are wary of committing themselves in writing.The great tragedy is that the phone was invented before the computer. If it has been the other way around, Internet forums would now be buzzing with the exciting news: “Have you heard (type, type)? There is this amazing new gadget (type). Now you can talk directly with people. And they can hear your voice. Without all this typing.” Persistent marketing would do the rest and colleges would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills.But we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it weakens our ability to look people in the eye and talk. A good example is how much new technology has affected public speaking.Does anyone else hate PowerPoint? At meetings, I internally groan as speakers load up their ponderous projections. I don’t mind maps and pictures, but all those words of text drive me crazy. “And now for my introduction…” and up comes the word “introduction.”“There are four points” and we see “four points.”Masses of facts and statistics follow. These should all have been given out as an information sheet. Instead, while you are trying to read through the material, the lecturer is wandering verbally all over it. There’s a confusion of focus that gives me a headache. As the slides flash by, the most important relationship in public speaking is being undermined – the link between the speaker and the audience.63. According to the author, young people today don’t ________.A. like to communicate using speechB. like to communicate with peopleC. know how to communicate with peopleD. know how to ask questions over the phone64. Based on paragraph 3, compared with meetings, e-mails are ________.A. fasterB. friendlierC. less effectiveD. less interesting65. In paragraph 3, “wary of” can be replaced by ________.A. faced withB. happy aboutC. used toD. cautious of66. The author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people nowwould ________.A. be eager to learn how to use the phoneB. be glad to have both means of communicationC. still prefer typing words on the computerD. show little interesting in the phone67. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards today’s use of typedwords?A. EncouragingB. CuriousC. ConcernedD. Indifferent68. In th e author’s opinion, PowerPoint ________.A. helps to convey the message of the speaker to the audienceB. harm the interaction between the speaker and the audienceC. should include as much information as necessaryD. should combine texts and pictures to make it eye-catchingPassage FourIt’s all Apple all the time these days: “astonishing” earnings reports in the news on Jan.25, lingering shots of Steve Jobs’ widow Laurene sitting near the First Lady and, of course, ever since his death in October, universal references to Jobs himself in any writing or speech aimed at promoting creativity or ingenuity or an all-American, against-all-odds model of success.However, New Y ork Times articles this week spoke of a darker reality behind the glowing Apple story: the “millions of human machines,” as the Times Charles Duhigg and David Barboza put it, in China who are now laboring 12 hours a day, six days a week to maintain the company’s amazing rate of growth.They live in dormitories where they can be called to their jobs anytime and often work double shifts in highly unsafe conditions. They’re willing to do all it takes. “It isn’t just that workers are cheaper abroad,” Duhigg wrote, “Rather, Apple’s executives believe the vast scale of overseas factories as well as the flexibility, diligence and expertise of foreign workers have so outpaced their American counterparts that ‘Made in the U.S.A.’ is no longer a viable option for most Apple products.”The Times stories raised very serious questions about not only Apple or the many other companies that similarly rely on overseas labor to support their growth and flood the world with cheap products, but the human cost of the growth model itselfthat has allowed Apple to thrive. It’s a model of growth, all too unquestioned in the U.S., that demands endless quality-of-life sacrifices in the service of productivity and profit. By quality of life, I mean good relationships with friends and family and having the time and the physical and emotional availability to invest in friends and family.Yet the American workers have been headed in the opposite direction for decades. Workinghours have expanded to the point where successful professionals consider the traditional 40-hour workweek a “part-time”job. Vacation time has been shrin king. In the current downturn, the employed are too scared of losing work to take time off. The pressure to be super-productive, ever willing, and always available has never been greater. But we should call into question the direction we’re headed and ask whether chasing the dream of growth has already turned into a nightmare. It’s up to the rest of us now to decide what to make of Steve Jobs’ legacy.69. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that Steve Jobs ________.A. is a controversial figure in the mediaB. enjoys high publicity in the U.S.C. used to deliver many speechesD. was a Nobel Prize winner70. The expression “against all odds” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. foreign bornB. least talentedC. permanently obscureD. seemingly unlikely71. Apple’s executives choose to have most apple products made overseas because ________.A. goods made in the U.S.A. are inferiorB. Apple products sell better abroadC. this is much more profitableD. China-made products are better designed72. In the author’s opinion, the constant pursuit of the dream of growth has resulted in _______.A. better living standards in the U.S.B. a perfect model of growthC. worse relationships with friends and familyD. the popularity of iProducts73. Which of the following statements about the workers is true?A. They are spending more time with the family.B. They are enjoying a better quality of life.C. They can find jobs more easily.D. They have to work hard and overtime.74. The author’s attitude to Apple’s story of success is ________.A. approvalB. objectionC. admirationD. indifferencePassage FiveA new website from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows that 10 percent of the country is now a “food desert.”The Food Desert Locator i s an online map highlighting thousands of areas where, the USDA says, low-income families have little or no access to healthy fresh food. First identified inScotland in the 1990s, food deserts have come to symbolize urban decay. They suggest images of endless fast-food restaurants and convenience stores serving fatty, sugary junk food to overweight customers who have never tasted a Brussels sprout.Accordingly, Michelle Obama announced a $400 million Healthy Food Financing Initiative last year with the aim of eliminating food deserts nationwide by 2017. Official figures for the number of people living in food deserts already show a decline, from 23.5m in 2009 to 13.5m at the launch of the website. Although this might on the face of it suggest that the initiative is off to a superb start, sadly it does not in fact represent a single additional banana bought or soda escaped. This is because in America, the definition of a food desert is any census area where at least 20percent of inhabitants are below the poverty line and 33 percent live more than a mile from a supermarket. By simply extending the cutoff in rural areas to ten miles, the USDA managed to rescue 10m people from desert life.Some academics would go further, calling the appearance of many food deserts nothing but a mirage. Research by the Center for Public Health Nutrition at the University of Washington found that only 15 percent of people shopped for food within their own census area. Critics also note that focusing on supermarkets means that the USDA ignores tens of thousands of larger and smaller retailers, farmers’ markets and roadside greengrocers, many of which are excellent sources of fresh food. Together, they account for more than half of the country’s trillion-dollar retail food market.A visit to Renton, a depressed suburb of Seattle,demonstrates the problem. The town sits directly in the middle of a USDA food desert stretching miles in every direction. Yet it is home to a roadside stand serving organic fruit and vegetables, a health-food shop packed with nutritious grains and a superstore that researchers found attracts flocks of shoppers from well outside the desert.75. According to the USDA, food deserts ________.A. tend to be found in poor rural areasB. refer to the places with a food shortageC. are directly related to urban povertyD. are the direct cause of overweight76. The Healthy Food Financing Initiative is intended to ________.A. improve access to healthier foodB. change the American way of livingC. address the growing weight problemD. ensure food safety across the nation77. The author suggests that the drop from 23.5 million to13.5 million ________.A. represents substantial progressB. is at least a good beginningC. isn’t based on true informationD. doesn’t make much difference78. The word “mirage” (para.3) probably means ________.A. unreal problemB. potential riskC. growing difficultyD. hidden danger79. The scholars in paragraph 3 think that the USDA definition of a food desert is ________.。

2020年全国硕士研究生英语一模拟题中公考研

2020年全国硕士研究生英语一模拟题中公考研全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys! Today I want to talk to you about the 2020 National Master's Degree English Exam Simulation Questions from GONGKAO YANJI. It's a big deal for anyone who wants to study for their master's degree, so let's dive in and see what kind of questions might pop up!The first question is about reading comprehension. You'll have to read a passage and answer questions about it. Remember to read carefully and pay attention to details!Next up is vocabulary and grammar. Make sure you know your words and how to use them in sentences. Also, brush up on your grammar rules so you can ace this part of the exam.Then there's the writing section. You might have to write an essay or a short response to a prompt. Remember to organize your thoughts and use proper grammar and punctuation.Lastly, there might be a listening section where you have to listen to a recording and answer questions about it. Make sure to focus and pay attention so you can get all the answers right.Overall, studying for the National Master's Degree English Exam Simulation Questions is a lot of work, but if you put in the effort and practice, you can do well. Good luck to all of you who are preparing for the exam, and remember to stay confident and believe in yourself! You've got this!篇2Hello everyone! Today I want to talk to you all about the national master's entrance exam for 2020. It's a big deal for anyone who wants to continue their studies after finishing their bachelor's degree. So let's dive into the details of the exam so we can all be prepared!First of all, the exam will test your English skills. That means you need to be good at reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Make sure to practice all of these things before the exam so you can do your best.For the reading part, you'll need to read passages and answer questions about them. It's important to understand themain ideas and details of the passages, so pay attention to the facts and opinions presented in the text.Next up is the writing part. You'll have to write essays on different topics, so make sure to organize your ideas and use good grammar and vocabulary. You can practice by writing a little every day and asking for feedback from your teachers or friends.Now let's talk about the listening section. You'll listen to conversations and speeches and answer questions about them. It's important to listen carefully and take notes so you can remember the important information.Last but not least is the speaking part. You'll have to talk about different topics and answer questions in front of a microphone. Make sure to speak clearly and confidently, and don't be afraid to express your opinions.In conclusion, the national master's entrance exam is a big challenge, but with hard work and practice, we can all do our best and succeed. Good luck to everyone taking the exam, and remember to stay calm and focused!篇3Hello everyone! Today, I want to talk about the 2020 National Master's Entrance Examination English Mock Test. I know it sounds very fancy and difficult, but don't worry, I will try my best to explain it in a simple way.First of all, let me tell you what the exam is about. It's a test that people take when they want to go to graduate school. This test is very important because it can decide if you can get into a good school or not. So, it's super important to do your best!The exam usually has different parts, like listening, reading, writing, and speaking. You have to be good at all of them to do well on the test. But don't worry, with enough practice and hard work, you can definitely do it!In the reading part, you will have to read some passages and answer questions about them. It's like a little adventure where you have to find the answers in the text. Just remember to read carefully and try to understand what the passage is talking about.In the writing part, you will have to write essays or summaries of what you have read. This part is a bit tricky because you have to organize your ideas and write them down clearly. But don't worry, just take your time and think about what you want to say.In the speaking part, you will have to talk about a topic in front of other people. This part can be a bit scary, but just relax and speak from your heart. Remember, practice makes perfect!Overall, the key to doing well on the exam is to practice a lot and stay calm. Don't stress out too much, just do your best and believe in yourself. And who knows, you might just ace the exam and get into your dream school!That's all for today! I hope you found my explanation helpful. Good luck with your studies and remember, you can do anything you set your mind to! Thank you for listening!篇4Hello everyone! Today I'm going to talk about the 2020 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (GRE) English mock exam prepared by Munkao. This test is really important for students who are preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination. Let's take a look at some of the questions and discuss how to approach them.First of all, let's talk about the reading comprehension section. This part consists of several passages followed by questions. The key to doing well in this section is to read the passages carefully and understand the main ideas. Then, whenanswering the questions, make sure to go back to the passage to find the specific details needed to support your answer.Next, let's move on to the vocabulary and grammar section. This part tests your knowledge of English words and grammar rules. Make sure to review your vocabulary and practice using different grammar structures before the exam. Pay attention to the context in which the words are used, as this can help you determine their meanings.The writing section is also important as it tests your ability to express your ideas clearly and coherently. Make sure to practice writing essays on different topics and pay attention to your grammar and vocabulary use. Remember to plan your essay before you start writing and leave some time to reread and edit your work.In conclusion, the 2020 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (GRE) English mock exam by Munkao is a great resource for students preparing for the postgraduate entrance exam. Make sure to practice regularly and review your vocabulary and grammar to increase your chances of success. Good luck with your studies!篇5Title: My Experience of Taking the 2020 National Master's Entrance ExamHey everyone! Today I want to share with you my experience of taking the 2020 National Master's Entrance Exam. As a little kid, I never thought I would be taking such a big test, but here I am, all grown up and ready to tackle it!Before the exam, I was feeling super nervous. I studied so hard for this test, I didn't want to mess it up! But my parents and teachers all supported me and told me to just do my best. So I tried to relax and stay calm.When the big day finally came, I woke up bright and early, had a good breakfast, and headed to the exam center. There were so many people there, all looking nervous just like me. But I knew I had prepared well, so I walked in with confidence.The exam itself was tough, but I tried my best to stay focused and answer all the questions. There were sections on English, math, and my specialty subject, and I did my best in each one. Time went by so quickly, and before I knew it, the exam was over.After the exam, I felt a mix of relief and anxiety. I couldn't stop thinking about the questions I might have answered wrong.But I tried to stay positive and think about all the hard work I put in to prepare for the test.Now that it's all over, I'm just waiting for the results to come out. I hope all my hard work paid off and that I did well on the exam. But no matter what happens, I'm proud of myself for taking on this challenge and giving it my all.So that's my experience of taking the 2020 National Master's Entrance Exam. It was a tough test, but I'm glad I did it. And who knows, maybe one day I'll be able to look back and laugh at how nervous I was!篇6Hello everyone, I'm so excited to share with you about the 【2020 National Postgraduate English Level One Mock Exam】organized by GJY Education.First of all, let me tell you how this exam was like. It had multiple choice questions, reading comprehension, cloze tests, and writing tasks. Phew, that's a lot to cover in just one test! But don't worry, with a bit of practice and some help from your teachers, you can definitely ace it.For the reading comprehension part, we had to read passages and answer questions about them. Some were easy to understand, while others were a bit tricky. But if you pay attention to the details and take your time to think, you'll do just fine.The cloze tests were a bit challenging as well. We had to fill in the blanks with the right words, so make sure you know your vocabulary and grammar rules well. It's a good idea to practice with some cloze test exercises before the exam to get familiar with the format.And finally, the writing tasks. We had to write an essay on a given topic, and let me tell you, it was fun! You get to express your thoughts and ideas in your own words, so be creative and don't be afraid to make mistakes. Just remember to use proper grammar and punctuation.Overall, the 【2020 National Postgraduate English Level One Mock Exam】was a great experience. It challenged us to think critically, improve our English skills, and prepare for the real thing. So don't be afraid to give it a try and show off your English skills. Good luck, everyone!篇7Hey guys, do you know that there is a big exam coming up for all the master students in China? It's called the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination, or the "kaoyan" in Chinese. And today, I want to talk about the English test part of the exam.The English test is super important because it's worth a lot of points. It has different sections like reading, listening, translation, and writing. In the reading part, you have to read some passages and answer questions about them. It's not easy because the passages are usually pretty long and the questions can be tricky.Then there's the listening part where you have to listen to some conversations or speeches and answer questions about them. It can be tough because sometimes the speakers talk really fast and you have to concentrate really hard to understand what they are saying.The translation part is also difficult because you have to translate some sentences from Chinese to English or vice versa. You have to know a lot of vocabulary and grammar rules to do well in this section.But the writing part is probably the hardest because you have to write an essay in English on a given topic. You have to organize your ideas, use proper grammar and vocabulary, andmake sure your essay makes sense. It's a lot of pressure because you only have a limited amount of time to complete it.So, if you want to do well in the English test, you have to practice a lot, read English books, watch English movies, and listen to English songs. And most importantly, don't be afraid to make mistakes because that's how you learn and improve. Good luck to all the students taking the exam this year! Let's do our best!篇8Hey guys, today I want to talk about the 2020 National Master of Arts in English Examination, which is really important for those who want to go to graduate school. I know it sounds super hard, but don't worry, I'm here to help you!First of all, let's talk about the exam format. There are three parts to the exam: listening, reading, and writing. For the listening part, you need to listen to some conversations and answer questions about them. Make sure you pay attention to the details! In the reading part, you'll read some passages and answer questions about them. Remember to underline key points as you read. And finally, for the writing part, you'll have towrite an essay about a given topic. Make sure you organize your ideas and use good grammar and vocabulary.Next, let's talk about some tips for studying. One of the best ways to prepare for the exam is to practice, practice, practice! Try doing some practice tests to get a feel for the format and types of questions you'll see. Also, make sure to review your grammar and vocabulary. It's super important to know the basics!Lastly, don't forget to take care of yourself during exam time. Make sure you get plenty of rest, eat healthy, and stay positive. Remember, you've worked hard to get to this point, so believe in yourself and do your best!Good luck on the exam, everyone! You've got this!篇9Oh my goodness, guys! Have you heard about the 2020 National Master's Degree English Exam? It's like, super tough, but we can totally do it if we stay positive and work hard! I mean, I know it's a big deal, but we got this!So, like, in the exam, there are gonna be reading, writing, and listening sections. We have to, like, read passages andanswer questions, write essays, and listen to recordings. It sounds kinda scary, but we just gotta stay calm and do our best!For the reading section, we should, like, read the passage carefully and underline key points. Then we can, like, answer the questions based on what we read. We gotta pay attention to details and, like, make sure our answers make sense.And for the writing section, we should, like, plan our essay before we start writing. We gotta, like, have an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. We should also use good grammar and, like, transition words to make our essay flow.And don't forget about the listening section! We gotta, like, listen carefully to the recordings and take notes. Then we can, like, answer the questions based on what we heard. We should, like, focus and stay concentrated during this part.Guys, I know the exam seems really hard, but we just gotta stay positive and give it our all! We've been studying so hard, and we can totally rock this exam! Let's do this, guys! Woo!Alright, that's it for my pep talk, haha! Let's keep studying and stay confident. We got this, guys! Good luck on the exam! Yay!篇10Title: My Experience with the 2020 National Master's Entrance ExamHi everyone, I want to tell you all about my experience with the 2020 National Master's Entrance Exam. It was a big deal for me because I've been studying really hard for it. I was so nervous on the day of the exam, but I tried my best to stay calm.The exam had three parts: listening, reading, and writing. The listening part was a bit tricky because they played the recordings really fast. I had to concentrate really hard to catch all the information. The reading part was a bit easier for me because I love reading English books. I practiced a lot before the exam, so I was able to understand most of the passages.The writing part was the most challenging for me. I had to write an essay on a given topic within a limited time. I was worried that I wouldn't finish on time, but I managed to write a good essay with proper grammar and vocabulary.Overall, I think I did pretty well in the exam. I'm proud of my hard work and determination. No matter what the results are, I know that I gave it my all. I hope that my experience can inspire other students to never give up on their dreams, no matter how tough the challenge may seem.That's all for now, guys. Thanks for listening to my story!。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. Butwould life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below cach text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some 1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Furopean capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly ru n“year of culture"washes in and out ofa place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge theself-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture" award could_____[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful onlyif it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present_____[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author 's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of allBrtish scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for theuniversities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to S5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partlybecause______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concermed.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learmned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication subtantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishingmodel?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure “gender parity"on boards and commissions, provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of priordiscrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.Thatis exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A] help lttle to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califomnia measure?____[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will setle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____IAI Women's need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this asa“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies suchas Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,mutinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if intermnational tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the interational tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learmned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinionthat_____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current intermational tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO'S current work_____[A] is being resisted by Us companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?_____[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41 -45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone 's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situ ations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at atime,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signalE42. E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A Eye fixactions are brief45. D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations. many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of ouruniverse.Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a timeof high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude' or‘dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.参考答案：46.随着文艺复兴使教会的指导和思考方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代的差距已然扩大，导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域。

2020在职研究生英语考试模拟试题及答案(双证)

2020在职研究生英语考试模拟试题及答案(双证)一、单选题（共50题，共100分）1.The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.A.exhibitionB. concertC. excursionD.contest2. Formpated in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine asserted that the Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A. emphatically statedB. belligerently(aggressively) arguedC. accentuated(emphasize)D. entreated 恳求（implore, plea, invoke ）3.A mythical(imaginary) creature, the dragon was believed to have lion's claws, scaly skin, and fiery breath.A. legendaryB. magicalC.frighteningD.perplexing4.Formerly , in the United States, many nurses worked as private duty nurses rather than in hospitals.A.PreviouslyB. StrictlyC. OfficiallyD. Periodically5.The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.A. migrationB.poppationC. existenceD. evolution6.Mary McCarthy s satires 讽刺文学 are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision.A.fusedB.prefacedC. standardizedD. expressed7.In 1974 Henry Aaron broke Babe Ruth's monumental lifetime record of 714 home runs.A.archaic(old, antique)B. degrading (discredit)C.outstandingD.entire8.Bats fly, rather than glide, and thus are the only mammals capable of true flight.A.straightB. safeC.realD.rapid9.The company issues an annual report every March.A.a yearlyB. a comprehensiveC. a financialD.a product10.Some sea urchins海胆 have venomous (toxin) spinesA.sensuous (feeling)B.crooked (twisted)C. poisonousD.sticky11.In 1861 it seemed inevitable that the Southern states wopd break away from the Union.A.strangeB. certainC.inconsistentD. proper12.The first paper was made from the bark of the mpberry tree.A. dried woodB. outer coveringC.syrup(sirup)D. root13.The megaphone(microphone) makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A.slitheringB.radiatingC. interferingD. murmuring14.Blue－green algae grow abundantly in salt marshes.A. primarilyB.slowlyC.on plants(cptivate)D. in great numbers15.Ella Grasso, elected governor of Connecticut in 1974, supported the enactment (given, granted) of afreedom-of-information law.A. passingB.advocatesC. draftingD. circpation16.Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan 原生动物 flagellates 鞭毛虫 , flatworms 扁形虫 , and segmented worms片段蠕虫 .A.hostile-lookingB.perceptiveC. primitiveD.strangely formed17.Some cosmetics manufacturers attempt to capture the rose's unmistakable fragrance香味 in soaps and perfumes.A.designB.textureC. scentD. freshness18.In literature, caricatures讽刺画 usually contain verbal exaggeration through which the writer achieves comic and often satiric 讽刺effects.A. banter 取笑 (tease)B. humorC. interactionD. overstatement19.The wheels of the first road vehicles were fashioned from crude stone disks.A.hand-carvedB.roughly madeC. flatD. heavy20.When carbon is added to iron in the proper proportions , the respt is steel.A. containerB. sequenceC. laboratoriesD.amounts21.With the acquisition of smaller companies by larger ones, the 1960's saw a wave of new conglomerates.A. surgeB.handfpC. suspensionD. dissolution 分解22.While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popparize it.A. finallyB.certainlyC.earnestlyD.enthusiastically23.The controls of most modern airplanes can be operated either manually or automatically.A.by the bookB.by a mapC. by logicD. by hand24.In calcpating the daily calorie requirements for an inpidual, variations in body size, physical activity, and age shopd be taken into account.A. numberedB. stabilizedC. contrastedD.considered25. Communication is one of the most important bonds that hold cptural systems together.A.obligationsB.qualitiesC. linksD. needs26.Alligators still exist in some of the dank 潮湿 swamps and bayous小海湾 of Alabama's coastal regions.A. weirdly 古怪的 fascinatingB. mythicalC. drab(monotonous)D. unpleasantly humid27.Urban renewal programs strive to upgrade areas that are becoming slums.A.reproachB. improveC.fortifyD.uproot28.Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure.A.expectedB. chiefC. naturalD. least29.In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently 间歇地 throughout the spring.A.steadilyB.abundantlyC. periodicallyD. daily30.An oversight 遗漏 (miss, overslaugh) in proofreading often respts in printed errors.A.An inconsistencyB. A discriminationC. A blotchD.An inattention31.The Native American interpreter Sacajawea was a valuable member of the Lewis and dark expedition in 1805.A.very friendlyB. very usefpC. very thoughtfp.D.very wealthy32.Cream of tartar 酒石 , a weak acid, can be added to eggwhites to help them foam泡沫 when they are beatenA.whippedB. agedC.boiledD.cracked33.Solid geometry has enabled astronomers to calcpate the positions of the heavenly bodies relative to one another.A. on top ofB.next toC.in spite ofD. with respect to34.One of the greatest breakthroughs for professional women came in 1973 when the field of banking opened up for them.A. most serious disappointmentsB.most significant advancesC. most abrupt declinesD. most crucial situations35.People who do not sleep enough tend to become irritable .A.easily annoyedB. illC. wearyD.stiff and sore36.Although the Carbon 14 method of dating old objects is not foolproof , it is the best method available at presentA.wholly operationalB.entirely serviceableC.fply reliablepletely safe37.The economy of Dallas, Texas, is strong and persified .A.inflatedB. stableC. variedD.well-regpatedets are still regarded with awe by some people.A. wonderB.concernC.resentmentD.detachment39.The Salk vaccine is a major factor in the fight to eradicate polio.pletely destroyB. carefply disguiseC. sustainD. contain40.By the nineteenth century, embroidery on men's clothing had virtually disappeared except for the occasional decorative vest and tie.A. almostB. definitelyC.alreadyD.universally41.Double Eagle in the first transatlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.A.eagerB.surgingC.appreciativeD.vigorous42.Some animals pant and sweat to speed evaporation of body moisture and thus cool themselves.A.wiggle 摆动 slowlyB. breathe quicklyC. restD.perspire43.Some children display an unquenchable 难以抑制的curiosity about every new thing they encounter.A.insatiable 贪的无厌的B. inherentC.indiscriminate 不加选择的D. incredible44.With lasers scientists can probe many physical processes, such as combustion, once beyond our ken.视野A. understandingB. responsibilityC.interpretationD. notice45.Food must be moist in order to have a taste.A.appetizing(delicious)B. nutritiousC. dampD. chewed46.The flower bud of a water lily 百合 opens at sunset since .its opening is triggered(commence) .by the decreased light.A. alleviated 减轻B. enduredC.set offD.covered up47. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.A.as a respt ofB.consideringC.cognizant of(conscious of, aware of)D. whatever48.The fear of smallpox, which terrorized the eighteenth century, has no analogy(likeness) today.A. occurrenceB. remnants 残留物C. witnessesD. parallel49.How many people are aware that a dancer with the New York City Ballet typically wears out a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A.onlyB. exactlyC. at leastD.fewer than50.Despite the proliferation of other faster modes of transportation, the railroads remain the largest carriers of intercity freight in the United States.A.schemesB. meansC.tracksD. variables1、正确答案： A2、正确答案： A3、正确答案： A4、正确答案： A5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： D7、正确答案： C8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： A10、正确答案： C12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： B14、正确答案： D15、正确答案： A16、正确答案： C17、正确答案： C18、正确答案： D19、正确答案： B20、正确答案： D21、正确答案： A23、正确答案： D24、正确答案： D25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： D27、正确答案： B28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： C30、正确答案： D31、正确答案： B32、正确答案： A34、正确答案： B35、正确答案： A36、正确答案： C37、正确答案： C38、正确答案： A39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： A41、正确答案： A42、正确答案： D43、正确答案： A44、正确答案： A45、正确答案： C46、正确答案： C47、正确答案： D48、正确答案： D49、正确答案： C50、正确答案： B。

2020年山东省学位英语模拟真题

Part I ocabulary and structure (20 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one that best completes the dialogue and mark your answer on the ANSEWR SHEET.1.Fred used to _____ late with his roommates and watch movies.A.stay inB. stay awayC. stay upD. stay on【答案】C【解析】stay on 继续呆在一起。

2.The development of new energy sources _____ to be rewarding.A. turned out B. turned up C. turned back D. turned away【答案】A【解析】turn out 结果证明。

3. Do you really have to be _____ selfish?A.suchB. thatC. tooD. this【答案】A【解析】such 如此。

4. I’m sorry to _____ your party; I weren’t in town.A. be missedB. missC. have missedD. be missing【答案】B【解析】be sorry to do sth. 对做某事很遗憾、很抱歉。

5. Researchers have spent five years collecting data _____ the study was based.A.on thatB. in whichC. in thatD. on which【答案】D【解析】be based on sth. 基于……。

硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷

硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷Part One: Vocabulary （10 points）1. The major portion of writer John White's work was in social criticism.A. goalB. subjectC. partD. publication2. By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenue to run the government .A. eliminatedB. allocatedC. increasedD. decreased3. Eric Smith was one of the first artists to paint landscapes in Australia.A. lawnsB. barnsC. sceneriesD. vegetation4. In 1795 John Jay resigned his position as the first chief justice of the United States and became a state governor.A. advertisedB. gearedC. forsookD. rearranged5.They never altered or revised what they wrote because that would have interfered with the purity of their creation.A. fragilityB. integrityC. dignityD. simplicity6. Such essentially different stimuli as cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.A. illnessB. gladC. sorrowD. disgust7. Over the years, countless storytellers have been narrating tales that entertain their listeners as well as teach them a lesson.A. educatedB. innumerableC. uncalculatingD. competitive8. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.A. antibodyB. viruses C; traits D. flaws9. The main feature of the telegraph were developed by two inventors, but it was Samuel Morse who successfully synthesized their ideas.A. financedB. publicizedC. integratedD. conformed10. The architect Susan Irons believed that a building should be designed to fit its function and its location.A. enhanceB. decorateC. alternate withD. conform to11. Now that you've read that sentence, reread the one that ______.A. proceedsB. advancesC. marchesD. precedes12. You should dry-clean curtains if possible, as they are less likely to.______.A. diminishB. decreaseC. reduceD. shrink13. For the most part rocks are not built up by deposition but broken down by ____A. erosionB. evaporationC. evolutionD. explosion14. ______ person favours thorough and complete reforms in social and political systems.A. A radicalB. An advancedC. A fundamentalD. An exotic15. Einstein was a man of uncommonly ______ intelligence.A. abnormalB. ambientC. ambitiousD. acute16. We watched the mists______ from the valley.A. climbingB. elapsingC. crawlingD. ascending17. They rented the old house on the ______ that the landlord would paint it.A. assumptionB. impressionC. successionD. suggestion18. Many men lost their jobs during the business _____.A. depositionB. depressionC. breakdownD. disturbance19. The______ of military secrets cannot always be prevented.A. drainageB. extractionC. revengeD. leakage20. Mining industries in this country have excellent ______.A. prospectsB. parametersC. peculiaritiesD. ProfilesPart II: Cloze （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.American cities are 21 other cities around the world. In every country , cities reflect the 22 of the culture . Cities contain the very 23 aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also 24 the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial conflict, and poverty. American cities are changing, just 25 American society.After World War II , the population of 26 large American cities decreased;27 the population in many Sun Belt cities increased . Los Angeles, the and Houston are cities 28 population increased. These population shifts to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. During this time, in the 29 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier, more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more 30 . They moved out their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the 31 , areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American "dream" was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing. The children of the people who 32 the cities in the 1950s are now adults. They, 33 their parents, want to live in the cities. 34 continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt. Cities are 35 and the population is increasing in 36 states as Texas, Florida, and California. Others are moving to more 37 cities of the Northeast and Midwest, such as Boston, Baltimore and Chicago. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city. They prefer the city 38 the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage ; or they just 39 theexcitement and opportunities which the city offers. A new class is moving into the cities-a wealthier, 40 mobile class.21. A. different from B similar to C. better than D. worse than22. A. values B. worth C. importance D. expenses23. A. well B. good C. better D. best24. A. maintain B. obtain C. contain D. sustain25. A. likely B. as C. while D. when26. A. all B. most C. few D.much27. A. but B. and C. however D. although28. A]its [B] which [C] where [D] that29. [A] late [B] later [C] lately [D] latter30. [A] space [B] spots [C] time [D] food31. [A] outskirts [B] downtown [C] districts [D] suburbs32. [A] departed [B] left [C] reached [D] entered33. [A] likely [B] like [C] dislike [D] unlike34. [A] Some [B] All [C] Several [D] Lots of35. [A] stretching [B] widening [C] expanding [D] prolonging36. [A] such [B] these [C] those [D] many37. [A] organized [B] famous [C] official [D] established38. [A] than [B] better than[C] rather than[D] to39. [A] win [B] enjoy [C] earn [D] acquire40. [A] very [B] and [C] more [D] orPart Three: Reading Comprehension （30 points ）Passage 1Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today. By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose "flextime, flexplace" arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called "digital divice" seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behi nd. 80 % of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasi ngly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity. Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions requirea growing level of education. For a good career in almost any filed, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.41. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT___D__.A. American management personnelB. European management personnelC. American people' s choice of careerD. traditional practice at work42. "Digital divice" in the 4th paragraph refers to __B___.A. the gap in terms of computer ownershipB. the tendency of computer ownershipC. the dividing line based on digitsD. the ethnic distinction among American household43. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage? BA. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B. By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C. By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D. By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.44. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage? CA. Future careers.B. Nature of future work.C. Ethnic differences.D. Schools and libraries.45. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ___C__ in an increasingly high-tech world,A. the variety of educationB. the content of educationC. the need for educationD. the function of educationPassage 2Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less. The initial stages of both journeys are filled with enthusiasms, indulgences, and a fairly consistent closing of the eyes to that which may later become, if not unacceptable, at the very least unpalatable.No law of casualty exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odds depend on the length and the rigorousness of the trip. Some friendships have strength that will withstand even travel; others, based on happenstance, are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution.Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all, but entirely different rules of travel prevail. Compromises and concessions, demands and entreaties to and from such companions clearly stem from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company.Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, in single blessedness, unencumbered and swiftly pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious: a congenial fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. If the threat of loneliness is frightening, even a grumpy companion will foretell that, and quite often bring you to the point where you devoutly wish you were alone.Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one cardinal rule: both travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.46. According to the author, compared with choosing a marriage partner, choosing a travel companion is _D____.A) just as difficult as it B) is possibly easier than itC) is perhaps less certain than it D) is perhaps less uncertain than it47. Travel will give us a chance to __B___.A) become strong and vigorous B) testify our friendshipC) see who is our enemy D) lose a friend48. The travel companion the author refers to is ___D__.A) anybody you meet B) a spirtual friendC) an intimate friend D) anybody who shares a trip simply for partnership49 . The author thinks that ___C__.A) unlike intimate friends, travel companion needn't make many compromises and concessionsB) travel companions will add to the delights and pays half the billsC) it is possible to foretell whether two people will get along on the tripD) the advantages of choosing a travel companion are at least as great as those of traveling alone50. We can infer from the passage that __C___.A) a friend in need is a friend indeedB) opposite types of people attract each otherC) like-minded people should make good travel companionsD) even intimate friends have argumentsPassage 3Spelunking has been called "mountain climbing upside down in the dark. " However, this description isnot entirely accurate. The mountain climber knows where he is going. He climbs a mountain because it is there. A spelunker, on the other hand, doesn't know what is there. All he sees when he enters a wild cave is a hole in the surface of the earth - a very dark hole. Once he gets inside he may find it runs only a few hundred feet or, like one cave in Switzerland, more than 35 miles. He may find big hall, subway like tunnels, rivers or strange and beautiful limestone formations.Some spelunkers have become famous, or their discoveries. Several years ago Norbert Castreet, a Frenchman, was exploring a cave that had a rapidly flowing underground river. He followed the river until it went under a cave wall and disappeared. Wearing a bathing suit and a rubber cap, he dived into the river. He surfaced on the other side of the cave wall and found in a huge hall untouched and undisturbed for tens of thousands of years.My wife and I became spelunkers almost by accident. We were driving down the Pan-American Highway to Mexico City when I noticed several black openings up in the mountains near the road. I stopped and asked what they were, and learned that they were a network of large caves. Following a guide, we were climbing slowly up the mountain. When we reached the top, a large opening appeared under an overhanging cliff. Inside was a smaller hole covered by a wooden door. Taking a gasoline lamp in one hand, the guide opened the door. We followed him down the smooth cement steps. Stra nge shapes moved on the walls as his lamp swung back and forth at each step.This was a limestone cave, formed hundreds of thousands of years ago by the slow dripping of water through the cracks of the rock. The guide pointed out formations that looked like horses, tigers, hands and plants.When we left the cave about an hour later, we saw a sign mentioning the National Speleological Society. Our interest awakened, we noted the address and wrote for further information, the reply informed that there were " Grottoes" local chapters of the society, all over the United States. We joined one that was near our home. Soon we were making out first trip through a wild, unmapped cave. That was 12 years ago. Since then I have explored caves in Europe, Central and South America, and all over the United States.51. According to the passage, the difference between spelunking and mountain climbing lies in the fact that ___A__.A) people do not know where to go in the former case and where to go in the latter caseB) people go downward in the former case and go upward in the latter caseC) it is more dangerous to do spelunking than mountain climbingD) spelunking is more exciting than mountain climbing52. Which of the following statements is true? CA) Norbert Castreet was famous for its discoveries of new caves.B) The cave Norbert Castreet explored is famous for its underwater river.C) Norbert Castreet discovered a very old huge hall that was situated on the other side of the wall of the cave.D) The old hall Norbert Castreet discovered has been used as a hidden place of some pirates.53. The author and his wife __D___.A) had planned carefully before they started their first spelunkingB) were convinced by their friends that spelunking was a good sportC) spent more time looking for a suitable cave to start their first explorationD) explored their first cave rather unexpectedly54. The author and his wife explored their first cave __A___.A) for several hours B) independentlyC) just for a short time D) with a guide and a guard55. How did the author and his wife join the society of spelunking? BA) Recommended by their friends. B) Intrigued by an advertisement.C) Encouraged by an article in the newspaper.D) Attracted by a local chapter of the society.Passage 4Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes - the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhandling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.56; Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural differences in the brain between the sexes has long been known.57. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _____ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social58. "These differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in _____.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. activities carried out by the brain59. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on _____.A. the brain structure as a wholeB. the functioning of part of the brainC. the distinction between the sexesD. the effects of the corpus callosum60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.Passage 5Few issues are as clear as the one that drew a quarter-million Americans to the Lincoln Memorial 30 years ago this August 28. "America has given the Negro people a bad check", the nation was told. It has promised quality but delivered second-class citizenship because of race. Few orators could define the justice as eloquently as Martin Luther King Jr. , whose words on that sweltering day re-main etched in the public consciousness:" I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. "The march on Washington had been the dream of a black labor leader, A. Philip Randolph, who was a potent figure in the civil-rights movement. But it was King who emerged as the symbol of the black people's struggle. His "I have a dream" speech struck such an emotional chord that recordings of it were made, sold, bootlegged and resold within weeks of its delivery. The magic of the moment was that it gave white American a new prospective on black American and pushed civil rights forward on the nation's agenda.When the march was planned by a coalition of civil rights, union and church leaders, nothing quite like it had ever been seen. Tens of thousands of blacks streamed into the nation's capital by car, bus, train and foot, an invading army of the disfranchised singing freedom songs and demanding rights. By their very members, they forced the world's greatest democracy to face an embarrassing question: How could America continue on a course that denied so many the simple amenities of a water fountain or a lunch counter? Or the most essential element of democracy-the vote?Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. The gap persists between the quality of black life and white. The urban underclass has grown more entrenched. Bias remains. And the nation is jarred from time to time bysensational cases stemming from racial hate. But the clarity of the 1963 issue is gone: No longer do governors stand in schoolhouse doors. Nor do signs bar blacks from restaurants or theaters. It is illegal to deny African-Americans the vote. There are 7 500 black elected officials, including 338 mayors and 40 members of Congress, plus a large black middle class. And we are past the point when white American must look to one eloquent leader to answer the question: "What does the Negro want?"The change is reflected in the variety of causes on the wish list of this year's anniversary march on Washington. Health care reform. Job training. Religious freedom for American Indians. Statehood for the District of Columbia. Head Start for young people. Security for the disabled. And an end to racism. The compelling issue of 1963-discrimination-today is more a matter of dark hearts than evil laws. And the legislative agenda of modern-day marchers is American, not black.61. According to the passage, the recordings of King's speech became a best-seller largely because ____.A] the march was a dream of the black people in USB) it presented a new way of looking at Afro-AmericansC) tens of thousands of people listened to the speechD) the speech was basically dressed to the black people62. From the passage we learn that the original march on Washington____.A) highlighted the hypocrisy of America's democratic systemB) was made up of one particular segment of black societyC) reflected previous demonstrations D) was also attended by white people63. "Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. " The underlined part means thatA) the questions now concern American Indians B) racial hate in the US is diminishingC) the future is promising for the issue of human rightsD) the clarity between the black and white is gone64. It is implied at the end of the passage that ____.A) color discrimination is no longer a problemB) existing laws against racial discrimination need amendingC) present-day causes of protest are more diversified than beforeD) all black Americans have become better offPart Four: TranslationSection A (10 points)Direction: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.Write your translatin on the ANSWER SHEET.The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precisedetails of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor,and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz List and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celbrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse.Section B (10 points)Direction: Read the following sentences carefully. Then translate them into Chinese.Write your translatins on the ANSWER SHEET.1.作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(1)

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(1)Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities — as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade.Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like inorder to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. Butcivil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often run the danger of becoming- and remaining-dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases： when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies.[B] describe a situation and its potential drawbacks.[C] propose a temporary solution to a problem.[D] analyze a frequent source of disagreement.2. The text suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might causes it to[A] experience frustration but not serious financial harm.[B] face potentially crippling fixed expenses.[C] have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government.[D] increase its spending with minority subcontractors.3. It can be inferred from the text that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and loc al agencies” (line 9, paragraph 1) are[A] more popular with large corporations.[B] more concrete.[C] less controversial.[D] less expensive to enforce.4. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (line 1, paragraph 2) was substantial?[A] Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.[B] Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.[C] The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.[D] The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.5. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?[A] Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce theirefforts to work with minority-owned subcontractors in the near future.[B] Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.[C] The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.[D] Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】本题是一道中心主旨题。

2020年山东省学位英语模拟真题

2020年山东省学位英语模拟真题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)1.Fred used to stay up late with his roommates and watch movies.2.The development of new energy ___.3.Do you really have to be such selfish?4.I'm sorry to miss your party。

I wasn't in town.5.Researchers have ___ data on which the study was based.Note: ___ were found in the original article.解析】___表示过去进行时，强调动作正在进行。

改写：___.The worker crossed the border and walked up the hill。

He was ___ the border。

he was ordered to。

by the border guard。

The guard carefully examined the worker and the bicycle。

___ everything。

the guard asked the worker how long he had been hiding something。

The worker replied that he had nothing to hide and had been pushing the bicycle all the way from the farm。

Theguard then told the worker to cross the border and continue on his way.The worker continued on his way。

研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)

研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.正确答案：C解析：文章第三段最后两句都是在讲“the destruction done by oil companies”，故选C项。

TRANSLATIONSection A Put the following paragraph into Chinese.61．The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don’t know how to distinguish between health and illness. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.正确答案：一所医学院的工作人员历时十二年形成了这样的大致印象：如今美国的头号健康问题是美国人分不清健康与疾病。

这种症状比艾滋病或癌症更为严重。

我们担心会染上重病，设想自己得了重病，因此就真的染上了重病。

学位英语模拟试题及答案(2020年整理).doc

Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: In this part there are 40 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. How long do you think to finish this urgent task?A. did it take youB. it will take youC. will it take youD. it to take you2. Wealth, education and occupation vary greatly members of the middle class.A. amongB. betweenC. fromD. inside3. Let' s buy our tickets while I still have.A. a little money to leaveB. little money leftC. a few dollars leftD. few dollars to leave4. was not the way the event happened.A. Which the press reportedB. That the press reportedC. What did the press reportD. What the press reported5. People do not like such persons who are always the way of others.A. onB. byC. inD. behind6. At first we were amused by Don ' s words, but soon we were tired of them.A. greatB. farC. muchD. never7. He talks as if he everything in the world.A. knowsB. knewC. would have knownD. had known8. The doctor advised that Mr. Malan an operation right away so as to save his life.A. hadB. was going to haveC. haveD. would have9. He forgot about him to attend my wife ' s birthday party.A. I askingB. my askingC. me to askD. mine to ask10. So little about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.A. did I knowB. I had knownC. I knowD. was I known11. The boy ' s laziness his failure in the exams.A. resulted fromB. brought inC. resulted inD. led into12. Only guests of the hotel enjoy the of using the private beach.A. privilegeB. possibilityC. favorD. advantage13. Tom more than twenty pounds for the dictionary.A. spentB. paidC. costD. took14. The governor had to all his appointments for the day and rush to the train accident.A. set offB. pay offC. see offD. call off15. One car went too fast and missed hitting another car.A. completelyB. greatlyC. narrowlyD. little16. He was accused stealing from the shop.A. withB. inC. ofD. at17. It took me a long time to the disappointment of losing the match.A. get overB. get upC. get intoD. get down18. All the reference books should be made to the teachers and students in ouruniversity.A. concernedB. availableC. relatedD. flexible19. He never thought the committee would his proposal.A. put upB. object toC. pass onD. call on20. The company official I thought would be fired received a raise.A. whomB. whoeverC. whoD. of whom21. Mr. Green my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have receiveB. must have failed to receiveC. must receiveD. must fail to receive22. We shall appreciate from you soon.A. being heardB. hearingC. having been heardD. to hear23. I fell and hurt myself while I tennis.A. was playingB. am playingC. playD. played24. you disagree with her, her idea is still worth considering.A. Even ifB. If onlyC. Instead ofD. Despite of25. I' d you didn ' t touch that, if you don ' t mind.A. ratherB. betterC. happierD. further26. The two men arrested for breaking into that shop have been$10,000.A. committedB. drivenC. chargedD. fined27. The driver might have the accident if he had had his headlights on.A. missedB. avoidedC. stoppedD. dismissed28. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware she hadgone.A. where thatB. of whereC. of the placeD. the place29. I on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knocking30. tired after a hard work, she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.A. FeltB. FeelingC. Being feltD. To feel31. He was enough to understand my questions from the gestures I made.A. intelligentB. efficientC. proficientD. diligent32. If you the speed limit you will get into trouble with the police.A. excludeB. exceedC. excuseD. execute33. He opened the door and let himself in quietly not to wake the family.A. becauseB. so asC. so thatD. despite34. I wish you to me before you went and bought that car.A. spokeB. will speakC. was going to speakD. had spoken35. The director who was recently promoted did.A. work more than anyone elseB. more than anyone else workC. more work than anyone elseD. work more than anyone36. Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,she belonged.A. whichB. to whereC. to whichD. at which37. “Good- bye, Mr. Wang. I ' m pleased you〞A. to meetB. meetingC. to have been meetingD. to be met38. The investigation,will soon be published, was made by John.A. at which the resultsB. the results on whichC. whose resultsD. at whose results39. Don' t you know he is an old friend of?A. my brotherB. my brother ' s friendC. my brother' sD. my brothers40. you return those books to the library immediately you will have to pay a fine.A. UntilB. UnlessC. IfD. ProvidedPart II Reading Comprehension 〔40%〕Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage 1Almost every family buys at least one copy of a newspaper every day. Some people subscribe 〔订阅〕to as many as two or three newspapers. But why do people read newspapers?Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings — battles lost and won, king or rulers overthrown〔推翻〕or killed — took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important events that occur in far away countries on the same day they happen.Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful information. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories and, of course, advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for the advertising space but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also very important. Money earned from advertisementsmakes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.Newspapers often have information on gardening, cooking and fashion, as well as a small but very popular section on jokes and cartoons〔漫画〕.41. The habit of reading newspapers is.A. uncommon in the worldB. not popular in U.S.A.C. widespread in the worldD. founded among a few families42. A few hundred years ago news did not.A. receive attentionB. travel fastC. spread to other countriesD. take long to reach other countries43. In the past, news was.A. sent by telegraphB. passed from one person to anotherC. sent by letterD. sent by telephone44. The money spent on advertisements is.A. wastedB. not muchC. worthwhileD. useless45. The section on jokes and cartoons is.A. read only by childrenB. of no valueC. not helpfulD. read by manyPassage 2Pepys and his wife had asked some friends to dinner on Sunday, September 2 nd, 1666. They were very late on the Saturday evening, getting everything ready for the next day, and while they were busy they saw the glow of a fire start in the sky. By 3 o ' clock on the Sunday morning, its glow had become so bright that Jane woke her husband to watch it. Pepys slipped on his dressing-gown and went to the window to watch it. It seemed fairly far away, so after a time he went back to bed. When he got up in the morning, it looked as though the fire was dying down, though he could still see some flames. So he set to work to tidy his room and put his things back where he wanted them.While he was doing this, Jane came in to say that she had heard the fire was a bad one. Three hundred houses had been burned down in the night and the fire was still burning. Pepys went out to see for himself. He went to the Tower ofLondon and climbed up on a high part of the buildings so that he could see what was happening. From there, Pepys could see that it was, indeed, a bad fire and that even the houses on London Bridge were burning. The man of the Tower told him that the fire had started in a baker' s shop in Pudding Lane; the baker' s house had caught fire from the over-heated oven and then the flames had quickly spread to the other houses in the narrow lane. So began the Great Fire of London, a fire that lasted nearly five days, destroyed most of the old city and ended, so it is said, at Pie Corner.46. What is the passage about?A. The Great Fire of London. C. What Pepys was doing during the fire. D. The losses caused by the fire.47. They were up very late because.A. it was Sunday morningB. they were not very sleepyC. they were preparing for the dinnerD. they saw the great fire start 48. What was Pepys doing when his wife told him about the fire?A. He was asleep.B. He was writing something.C. He was putting things back.D. He was looking out of the window.Passage 3A new report of the United Nations shows that, if the present growth rate of 2 percent per year continues, today' s world population of 5.1 billion will hit 6.4 billion by the year 2000.What' s more, the great part of the growth — 9 of every 10 people added to the earth ' spopulation - will be in the poor and undeveloped countries. These are the nations where providing enough food for billions of people already is proving to be a headaching problem.By the year 2000, today ' s " have not" nations will have a total population of 5 billion people, nearly four fifths of the world ' s population.Food isn' t the only problem that such a population explosion presents. The more people there are and the worse their living conditions, the greater grows the possibility of all kinds of social problems.In 1830, world population reached 1 billion. It took only 100 more years to add another billion to world population; just 30 more to add a third billion. And it took just 15 more years to reach the 4 billion mark in 1975.Actually, the world ' s birth rate is falling. But so is death rate, as medical advances havemade it possible for man to live longer than before. Such advances have also reduced baby death rate. Unless population growth is reduced, the world population may reach 12 billion in a century. Is the earth capable of providing a good life for so large a population?51. A population explosion will lead to.A. a lot of social problemsB. medical advancesC. a decrease in food productionD. a worse life in every country52. It took about years for world population to grow from l billion to 3 billion.53. By the year 2000, today ' s nations will have a total population of 5 billion people, B. Who was the first to discover the fire.49. Pepys slipped on his dressing gown. A. to be wearing B. to be pushing50. Why did the flames spread quickly?A. The oven became very hot.C. The baker did nothing to stop it.To slip on " meansC. to take offD. to put on B. The houses were close together. D. The baker ' s house was burning quickly.A. 100B. 115C. 130D. 145nearly four fifths of the world ' s population.A. biggestB. AsianC. developingD. developed 54., the world may have a population of 12 billion a century.A. If man can live longer in the futureB. If the science of medicine is developing fast enoughC. If the population growth is not reducedD. If the earth is able to provide a good life for more people 55. This passage tells us that.A. the United Nations thinks it possible to avoid a population explosionB. 5.1 billion people are living in the undeveloped countriesC. in advanced nations the population growth is being controlledD. the world ' s population is increasingPassage 4A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers〔消费者〕will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.If an economist were asked which of the three groups borrow most ——people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes ——he would probably answer: those with decreasing incomes. Actually, in the years 1947-1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions〔假设〕about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising pr ices. "In a few months,“ she said, "we'll have to pay more for meat and milk; we 'll have less to spend on other things." Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer' s resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment: “I just don ' t pay these prices; they are too high.〞The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America. The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology〔心理学〕.56. According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way consumers spend their money, he should.A. rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spendingB. try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend moneyC. carry out investigations on consumer behavior and get data on consumers ' incomes andmoney spending motivesD. do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory57. According to paragraph 2, one traditional assumption is that people with incomesborrow most.A. averageB. stableC. decreasingD. rising58. According to paragraph 2, research surveys have proved that.A. price increases always stimulate people to hasten to buy thingsB. rising prices may make people put off their purchase of certain thingsC. women are more sensitive to the rising in prices than menD. the expectations of price increases often make buyers feel angry 59. From the results of the surveys, the writer of this article.A. concludes that the saving and spending patterns in Great Britain are better than those inAmericaB. concludes that the consumers always expect prices to remain stableC. concludes that maintaining stable prices is a correct business policyD. does not draw any conclusion60. Which of the following statements is always TRUE according to the surveys mentioned in thepassage?A. Consumers will put off buying things if they expect prices to decrease.B. Consumers will spend their money quickly if they expect prices to increase.C. The price condition has an influence on consumer behavior.D. Traditional assumptions about earning and spending are reliable.Part III Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blanks there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, you should choose one that best fits into the passage. Then mark the answer by blanking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.Humans fall into two types when it comes to biological clock: the early-to-bed and early-to-rise or late-night-loving who wake up long after the dawn. As any parent knows, teenagers may take the 61 to extremes. But their oversleeping does not relax them. Some researcher say: ": Biology is to blame.〞The researchers surveyed the sleep habits of 25,000 Germans, 62 from 8 to 90, and found that as the teenage years wear on, the hour when kids go to bed and get up drifts later and later. It s not that they' re sleeping more. -63- , it' s that their living clock is twisted. However, around age 20, the pattern reverses. The clocks tick 64 , and young adults begin to go to sleep and wake up earlier and earlier. Eventually, their clocks coincide with 65 of older people.The quick change may mark the biological end of teenage years. A difference 66 the timing in men and in women points to a biological cause, perhaps a hormonal effect.Because the living clock is 67 by exposure to sunlight, the researchers suspects the many hours some kids _68 staying in their dark rooms could push the clocks even later —a pattern that may be more common in industrialized societies. The researchers also discovered that rural residents, 69 lifestyle puts them in daylight more, retire and rise an hour earlier than city 70 . “We think this is only the tip of an iceberg that shows us the consequences of dim-light environments, the researchers say.61. A. former B. latter C. first D. last62. A. range B. ranges C. ranging D. ranged63. A. Rather B. Though C. Yet D. Nevertheless64. A. forth B. forwards C. upwards D. back65. A. this B. that C. those D. these66. A. for B. between C. among D. of67. A. adjusted B. adjusting C. adapted D. adapting68. A. take B. use C. afford D. spend69. A. their B. whose C. which D. how70. A. researchers B. teenagers C. residents D. parentsPart IV Translate from English to ChineseDirections : Read the following passage and translate the 5 parts underlined in the following passage from English into Chinese and write them on the Translation Paper.Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. (71)The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Today, experts believe that nearly two-thirds of the world ' s population live within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.(72) In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man ' s needs in the future.(73)The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man ' s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. For example, warm temperature of the ocean can be used as the steam in a steamship. Sea may also offer a source of energy as electricity for mankind.(74)Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. It is obvious that the technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. (75) By the year 2050, experts believe that theproblems to explore the food, minerals and energy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.Part V Writing (15%)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic:Global Shortage of Fresh Water Write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outline below and use the words for references as many as you can.1 .人们以为淡水是取之不尽的(提示：雨水、河水、井水......)2 .实际上淡水是非常紧缺的(提示：人口增加,工业用水增加,污染......)3 .我们应该怎么办解析Part I Vocabulary and Structure1. B【句意】你认为你要完成这项紧急的任务要多长时间？【解析】宾语从句是特殊疑问句,语序为：特殊疑问词+陈述句.故排除A、C.本句中it是宾语从句中的形式主语,动词不定式是真正宾语,选项D中动词不定式to take不能做谓语,故排除D.2. A【句意】在中产阶级中,财富、受教育程度和职业有着很大的差异.【解析】among "在・・・〔三者或三者以上〕当中"；between "在两者之间"；from “从…当中“；inside "在…内".故A正确.3. C【句意】既然我还剩几美元,我们买票吧.【解析】考查非谓语动词和限定代词. 句中money, dollar与leave是动宾关系,需用leave的过去分词形式作定语,故排除A Db little, a little 与不可数名词连用,分别表示“不多〞、“有些〞. few, a few和可数名词连用.根据句意,排除B4. D【句意】新闻对这个事件的报道不属实.【解析】该句的主语是由what引导的主语从句. 连接代词what不仅起连接作用,而且在从句中还充当一个语法成分,在本句中是从句的宾语.5. C【句意】人们不喜欢那些总是阻碍别人的人.【解析】介词短语on the way to "在去…的路上〞；by the way "顺便说"；in the wayof “阻碍〞.根据题意, C正确.6. C【句意】起初我们觉得Don的话很有意思,但很快就厌烦了.【解析】句中所缺成分是状语, great是形容词,不能做状语.副词far修饰形容词或副词的比拟级或最高级,表示程度.副词never “从不",不符合题意.副词much修饰谓语动词,表示程度.故答案为C.7. B【句意】他说起话来就好似对世界无所不知似的.【解析】as if引导的从句需用虚拟语气, 主句时态是一般现在时, 从句时态应为过去时.故答案为Bo8. C【句意】医生建议Malan先生马上动手术以挽救其生命.【解析】宾语从句中虚拟语气的形式是：主语+要求跟虚拟从句的动词 + 虚拟的宾语从句, 宾语从句的谓语,美国英语要求用动词原形,英国英语要求用should+动词原形.谓语动词需用虚拟语气的宾语从句主要有以下动词：ask, advise, beg, demand, desire, determine, deserve, insist, maintain, propose, order, recommend, require, request, suggest, urge, etc.9. B【句意】他忘了我邀请他参加我妻子生日晚会的事了.【解析】介词后面只能用名词、代词或动名词作宾语,动名词有自己的逻辑主语, 一般用物主代词或名词所有格的形式.故正确选项为Bo10. A【句意】我对股票交易知之甚少,以至于根本听不懂这个讲座.【解析】否认词和含有否认含义的短语以及so, only, often, little 等词位于句首时引起局部倒装,即谓语的一局部(通常是助动词和情态动词)放在主语前面.故正确选项为A. 11. C【句意】这个男孩的懒惰导致了他测试不及格.【解析】result from "由…所导致"；result in "导致"；bring in "把…带进",而bring about是“导致〞的意思；lead into "引发、引起"(由一个话题到另一个话题), 而lead to才是“导致〞的意思.12. A【句意】只有饭店的客人享有使用这片私人海滩的权利.【解析】privilege "特权"；possibility "可能性"；favor "恩惠"；advantage "优势".根据题意,A正确.13. B【句意】汤姆买这本字典花了二十多英镑.【解析】spend "花钱或时间〞,用法：spend money/time on sth.,主语是人；pay "付款", 用法：pay money (for sth) ; cost "花费",用法：sth. cost money, 主语是物；take “花时间〞.根据题意,B正确.14. D【句意】这个地方长官不得不推掉当天的所有预约,赶赴火车出事地点.【解析】set off "动身"；pay off "偿付清"；see off "送行"；call off "取消".根据题意,答案为D15. C【句意】一辆车开得太快了,差一点就撞上了另一辆车.【解析】completely "完全地"；greatly "大大地"；narrowly "勉强地,差一点儿〞；little “稍许〞.根据题意, C正确.16. C【句意】他被指控在商店盗窃.【解析】固定搭配accuse sb of (doing) sth."指控某人".17. A【句意】我用了很久的时间摆脱输掉比赛的失望.【解析】get over "把.... 说清楚,从.... 中恢复过来〞；get up "起床"；get into "陷入困境〞；get down "写下,渐渐地使某人感到疲倦〞.18. B【句意】所有的参考书都应当让我们大学的教师和学生接触到.【解析】concerned "相关的"；available "可得到的,可利用的"；related "有关系的〞；flexible “弹性的〞.19. B【句意】他根本没想到委员会会反对他的提议.【解析】put up "提出"；object to "反对"；pass on "传给"；call on "要求".根据题意,答案为B.20. C【句意】我认为要被解雇的那个公司官员却得到了提升.【解析】关系代词的格取决于关系代词在从句中的语法作用. 因其在从句中作主语, 故用主格的形式.21. B【句意】格林先生肯定没有收到我的信,否那么他现在已经回信了.【解析】表示对现在情况的猜想、判断时,形式为：must + 动词原形；表示对过去事情的猜想时,形式为：must + have +过去分词.根据题意,应选B.22. B【句意】敬请速速回信.【解析】在英语动词中有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,而不能接动词不定式.如：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, mind, risk, suggest, deny .23. A【句意】我打网球的时候跌倒,受了伤.【解析】句中主句时态是过去时,从句时态也应是过去时,因当时正在打网球,故应用过去进行时.24. A【句意】即使你与她观点不一致,她的观点还是值得考虑的.【解析】even if “即使〞〔连接副词,后接从句〕；if only 〔表示强烈的愿望〕“但愿,真希望"；instead of "代替,而不是"；despite of "尽管".25. A【句意】如果你不介意,最好不要碰它.【解析】would rather "宁愿"；had better "最好".根据题意, A正确.26. D【句意】因闯入那家商店而被捕的那两个人被判罚金一万美元.【解析】commit "犯〔错误、罪行〕"；drive "驾驶；驱使"；charge "索价"；fine “罚款〞.根据题意,答案为D.27. B【句意】司机如果把前灯翻开,可能会防止那起事故的发生.【解析】miss "错过"；avoid "防止"；stop "停止"；dismiss "解散；解雇〞.根据题意,答案为B.28. B【句意】晚会上的人担忧珍妮特,由于没有人知道她去哪里了.【解析】aware of"知道,意识到〞是形容词和介词的固定搭配. 用法：aware of sth; awareof + wh- 从句；aware + that 从句.29. D【句意】到现在我已经敲门敲了十分钟了,也没有人开门.【解析】现在完成进行时表示一个动作发生在过去,一直延续到现在, 并仍在进行中.根据题意,应用现在完成进行时.故答案为D30. B【句意】辛苦工作之后她感到很累,倒在床上就睡着了.【解析】分词作状语,其逻辑主语应是句子的主语.如果句子的主语是分词动作的发出者,那么用现在分词；如果句子的主语是分词动作的接受者,那么用过去分词.故答案为B.31. A【句意】他很聪明,只从我的手势就能理解我的问题.【解析】intelligent "聪明的"；efficient "效率高的"；proficient “熟练的,精通的“；diligent “勤奋的〞.根据题意,答案为A.32. B【句意】如果你超速,警察就会找你的麻烦.【解析】exclude "排斥在…之外"；exceed "超出"；excuse "原谅"；execute "将… 依法处死；执行〞.33. B【句意】他翻开门,静悄悄地进屋以不吵醒家人.【解析】because > so that 都是连词,后跟从句. despite "尽管〞是介词,后不能跟动词不定式.so as + 不定式,“以便…〞,作目的状语.34. D【句意】我真希望你去买那辆车之前,先跟我谈谈.【解析】“ wish +宾语从句〞表示一种愿望,表示现在的愿望和未来的意愿,宾语从句的谓语：系动词一律用were,行为动词用过去时,或would, could, might +动词原形.表示过去的愿望,从句中谓语用：had + 过去分词.根据题意, D正确.35. C【句意】最近刚得到晋升的主任做的工作比其他任何人做的都多.【解析】该句中do的宾语是work, more是形容词,做定语,修饰名词work, 应放在其前面.故C正确.36. C【句意】她结婚前,就在上海那个她所属的地方住了相当长的一段时间.【解析】关系代词which和whom除了在定语从句中可作动词的宾语外,有时还可作介词的宾语.这时,通常把介词放在整个定语从句的前面.其中的短语belong to 意为“属于〞. 故C正确.37. B【句意】“再见,王先生.很快乐熟悉你.〞【解析】考查非谓语动词,两人初次见面时,用动词不定式to meeto分手时,用现在分词meeting .38. C【句意】约翰进行了调查,其结果不久将被公布.【解析】这是一个由关系代词whose引起的非限定性定语从句, whose表示所属关系,与名词连用.39. C【句意】你不知道他是我哥哥的一个老朋友吗？【解析】考查名词所有格, one old friend of mybrother ' s (one of mybrother ' s friends ) 是双重属格,用来表示的关系是人不是物.注意双重属格可用a, any, some 及数词等修饰of短语前面的名词,但不能用the, 如不能说"the sons of Mr. Hamilton ' s".40. B【句意】除非你马上把书还到图书馆,否那么你将被罚款.【解析】until "直到…时候"；unless "除非"；if "如果"；provided "倘假设".Part II Reading Comprehension41. C【解析】推理判断题.从文章第一段第一、二句“每天几乎每个家庭都买至少一份报纸,有些人甚至订阅两至三份.〞可推断出阅读报纸的习惯是普及全世界的.故答案为Co 42. B【解析】事实细节题.文章第二段第一句“五百年前,有关诸如战斗的胜败、皇帝或统治者被推翻或被刺的消息需几个月甚至几年的时间才会由一个国家传到另一个国家. 〞所以那时消息的传播速度不快.故答案为B.43. B【解析】事实细节题.文章第二段第二句“消息是口传的,根本不精确.〞所以,在过去,消息是由一个人传至另一人,而不是通过电报、信或传递.故答案为B.44. C【解析】事实细节题.文章第三段第四句“大公司为了获得广告版面支付报纸成千上万美元,但钱花得值,由于他们的产品信息几乎是家喻户晓了.〞所以花在广告上的钱是值得的.故答案为a45. D【解析】事实细节题.文章最后一段“报纸通常刊登有关园艺、烹饪、时尚以及笑话、漫画方面的信息,笑话、漫画局部量虽少,但很受欢送.〞所以说阅读该局部的人很多.故D正确.46. A【解析】主旨题.纵观全文,文章讲的是伦敦大火.而选项B C、D只是片面讲到了文章的局部内容.47. C 【解析】事实细节题.从文章第一段第二句" They were very late on the Saturday evening, getting everything ready for the next day 〞可知选项C 〞他们正在为第二天的晚宴做准备〞正确.48. A【解析】推理判断题.从文章第一段第三句 "周日凌晨三点,火光如此之亮以至于Jane 把她的丈夫叫醒观看〞来判断,当时她的丈夫睡着了.故答案为Ao49. D【解析】词汇理解题.从文章第一段第三、四句, Jane把她的丈夫叫醒去观看,可推测出她的丈夫一定是“穿上〞睡袍走到窗户那儿去观望.故答案为Do50. B【解析】推理判断题.从文章第二段倒数第二句“… and then the flames had quickly spread to the other houses in the narrow lane. "〔火焰迅速蔓延到狭窄小巷中的其它房子.〕可推断出房子相距很近是大火迅速蔓延的原因.故答案为Bo51. A【解析】事实细节题.文章第四段讲到“粮食问题不是人口爆炸所带来的唯一问题, 人口越多,人们的生活水平越差,产生各种各样社会问题的可能性也会越大.〞所以,人口爆炸将导致很多社会问题.故答案为Ao52. C【解析】事实计算题.从文章第五段第一、二句"In 1830, world population reached1 billion. It took only 100 more years to add another billion to world population;just 30 more to add a third billion. 〞可计算出世界人口从十亿增至三十亿需要约130年的时间.故C正确.53. C【解析】事实细节题.从文章第三段可知“截至到2000年,今日的‘穷国‘人口将达到五十亿,几乎占世界人口的五分之四. :其中的"have not" nations IP a developing "nations .故答案为C.54. C【解析】事实细节题.从文章最后一段第四句“除非降低人口增长,否那么一个世纪以后世界人口将到达120亿.〞可知正确答案为C55. D【解析】主旨题.纵观全文,文章讲的是世界人口正在增长.故答案为Do56. C【解析】事实细节题.从文章第一段“一个科学家要预言消费者消费的方式,就必须研究消费者的行为,必须获得有关消费者的收入及消费动机的信息〞可知正确答案为Co57. C【解析】事实细节题.从文章第二段前半局部“如果问一个经济学家这三类人〔收入在增长的、收入稳定的、收入在下降的〕哪类人借钱最多,他可能会答复：收入在下降的人.〞这是一个传统假设.而实际上, 1947年至1950年间,借钱最多的是收入在增长的人.由此可知正确答案为a58. B【解析】事实细节题.从文章第二段中间局部,另一个传统假设是,如果人们估计物价要上涨,他们就会匆忙购物；而估计物价要下降,就会推迟购物.而调查研究证实这并非总是正确的.第六句" The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying.〞正说明物价可能的增长不会刺激消费.故答案为R59. C【解析】推理判断题.根据文章最后一段最后一句话“所以,保持物价稳定的经济政。

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题及答案

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____. Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .完型填空答案解析：今年完形填空的难度较前两年略难，虽然话题不难理解，但不易把握上下文的线索。

2020学位英语试题及答案

2020学位英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The most important part of a research paper is ________.A. the introductionB. the conclusionC. the literature reviewD. the methodology答案：D2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of formal English?A. conciseB. clearC. ambiguousD. precise答案：C3. In academic writing, it is important to ________.A. use personal opinionsB. avoid using the first personC. use complex sentencesD. maintain objectivity答案：D4. Which of the following is not a valid citation style?A. APAB. MLAC. ChicagoD. Harvard答案：D5. The purpose of a thesis statement is to ________.A. summarize the main points of the paperB. state the main argument or point of the paperC. provide background informationD. give a personal opinion on the topic答案：B6. When paraphrasing, you should ________.A. change a few words and keep the same meaningB. use your own words to express the same ideaC. copy the original text exactlyD. change the structure but keep the same words答案：B7. In academic writing, what is the best way to handle a counterargument?A. Ignore itB. Acknowledge it and refute itC. Agree with itD. Avoid discussing it答案：B8. The structure of an academic paper usually follows the IMRaD format, which stands for:A. Introduction, Methodology, Results, and DiscussionB. Introduction, Main Body, Results, and ConclusionC. Introduction, Methodology, Results, and DataD. Introduction, Methodology, Results, and Argument答案：A9. Which of the following is not a type of plagiarism?A. Copying someone else's work without citationB. Using your own previous work without proper citationC. Paraphrasing without giving creditD. Collaborating with a classmate on a group project答案：D10. When writing an academic paper, it is important to ________.A. use colloquial languageB. avoid using technical termsC. use a variety of sentence structuresD. avoid using contractions答案：C二、阅读理解（每篇5分，共20分）Passage 1In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of students studying abroad. This trend has been driven by various factors, including the desire for a better education, exposure to new cultures, and the opportunity to improve language skills. However, the experience of studying abroad is not without its challenges. Students often face issues such as homesickness, cultural shock, and the high cost of living.Questions:11. What is the main reason for the increase in students studying abroad?A. Better educationB. Exposure to new culturesC. Improving language skillsD. All of the above答案：D12. What challenges do students face when studying abroad?A. HomesicknessB. Cultural shockC. High cost of livingD. All of the above答案：DPassage 2The use of technology in education has been a topic of debate for many years. Proponents argue that technology can enhance learning by providing interactive tools and resources that were not previously available. Critics, on the other hand, believe that technology can be a distraction and may lead to a decrease in the quality of education. Despite these concerns, the integration of technology in the classroom continues to grow, with many schools investing in devices such as tablets and laptops for students.Questions:13. What is the main argument of the proponents of technology in education?A. Technology can be a distractionB. Technology can enhance learningC. Technology can decrease the quality of educationD. Technology is not necessary for learning答案：B14. What is the main concern of the critics of technology in education?A. Technology can be a distractionB. Technology can enhance learningC. Technology can decrease the quality of educationD. Technology is not necessary for learning答案：A三、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）In today's fast-paced world, it is more important than ever to manage our time effectively. Time management is not just about being busy; it's about being 15 . By prioritizing our tasks and focusing on what is truly important, we can achieve more in less time.15. A. efficientB. busyC. productiveD. organized答案：C[此处省略剩余完形填空题目及答案]四、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）16. The rapid development of technology has made it possible for us to communicate with people from all over the world.答案：技术的快速发展使我们能够与世界各地的人进行交流。

2020全国硕士研究生考试《英语》模拟试题及答案(二)

2020全国硕士研究生考试《英语》模拟试题及答案(二)卷面总分：70分答题时间：90分钟试卷题量：35题一、单选题（共16题，共32分）1.He ________ me that he decided to leave on Monday.A. spokeB. saidC. talkedD. told2.This test ________ a number of multiple choice questions.A. composes ofB. composes inC. consists ofD. consists in3.I prefer this diagram ________ that one.A. thanB. more thanC. rather thanD. to4.I have been studying here for four years, by next summer I ________.A. shall graduateB. shall be graduatedC. shall be graduatingD. shall have graduated5.Hardly had he finished his speech ________ the audience started cheering.A. andB. whenC. thanD. as6.I wish you ________ like that.A. don ’t talkB. won ’t talkC. wouldn ’t talkD. not to talk7.Only when you have obtained sufficient data ________ come to a sound conclusion.A. can youB. would youC. you willD. you can8.I found ________ to answer all the questions within the time given.A. no possibilityB. there was impossibilityC. impossibleD. it impossible9.You ________ go now. It ’s getting late.A. had ratherB. would ratherC. would ratherD. would better10.Hot metal ________ as it grows cooler.A. contractsB. reducesC. condensesD. compresses11.Wood does not conduct electricity; ________.A. so doesn’t rubberB. also doesn ’t rubberC. nor does rubberD. nor rubber does12.Comrade Li ________ be in Beijing because I saw him in town only a few minutes ago.A. mustn ’tB. can ’tC. may notD. isn ’t able to13.I know it isn ’t important but I can ’t help ________ about it.A. but to thinkB. thinkingC. thinkD. to think14.The more we looked at the picture, ________.A. the less we liked itB. we like it lessC. better we liked itD. it looked better15.To succeed in a scientific research project ________.A. one needs to be persistentB. persistence is neededC. one needs be a persistent personD. one needs be a persistent person16.This diploma ( 毕业文凭) ________ that you have completed high school.A. entitlesB. certifiesC. securesD. approves二、填空题（共19题，共38分）17.Those who’d like to visit the exhibition ________ (sign) your names here.18.A great number of small power stations ________ (set up) in theircounty since liberation.19.He asked me whether my brother ________ (fly) to Beijing.20.He fell asleep immediately last night; he must ________ (be) very tired.21.“Have you moved into the new flat? ”“Not yet. The rooms ________ (paint). ”22.The director recommended that she ________ (study) more English before going abroad.23.he teacher told them since light ________ (travel) faster than sound,lightning ________ (appear) to go before thunder.24.How long ________ they ________ (dig) the ditch?25.He refused to tell us whether he ________ (undertake) the job.26.Matter is the name ________ (give) to everything which has weight and occupies space.27.I shall never forget ________ (meet) the late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our factory.28.I wonder if he could get it ________ (do) before tomorrow.29.A beam of light will not bend round corners unless ________ (make) to do so with the help of a reflecting device30.Night ________ (fall), we hurried home.31.We were busy ________ (get) things ready for the trial production when he phoned us.32.Some molecules are large enough ________ (see) under the electronic microscope.33.The floor does not look so bad when ________ (sweep) clean.34.________ (fail) several times, they need some encouragement.35.________ (catch) in the rain, he was wet to the skin.答案一、单选题1D 2C 3C 4D 5B 6C 7A 8D 9C 10A 11C 12B 13B 14C 15A 16B二、填空题17sign 18、have been set up 19、had flown 20、have been21、are being painted 22、study 23、travels, appears24、have … been digging25、would undertake 26、given 27、meeting 28、done 29、made 30、falling 31、getting 32、to be seen 33、swept 34、Having failed 35、Caught (Having been caught,Being caught)。

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研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题（1）GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper one）包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper two）包括翻译和写作两部分，共3题。

此外，试卷分A、B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。

答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。

四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。

五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一和试卷二分卷计时的办法。

试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。

六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。

每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考老师收点试卷及答题纸。

全部考试结束后，须待监考老师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束，方可离开考场。

PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (25miniutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. To brush up her English at home.B. To be praised by her peers.C. To become her teacher’s favorite student.D. To care more for other subjects.2. A. Have a picnic. B. Play with her pets.C. See a movie.D. Stay at home.3. A. It’s a piece of cake. B. She has no idea.C. She already knows the answer.D. It’s beyond her expectation.4. A. Write a short mail to him. B. Chat with him on line.C. Telephone him.D. Text him soon.5. A. The poster looks better without the frame. B. The poster is not worth the money.C. The poster costs very little.D. The poster is very eye-catching.6. A. 14. B. 10.C. 65.D. 24.7. A. She is too busy. B. She can pass the exam next time.C. She doesn’t work very hard.D. She should be better prepared.8. A. exercise more frequently. B. Take less medicine each day.C. Try a new type of pain-killer.D. Have her back examined.9. A. George was not playing well. B. George always loses temper easily.C. George should have won the match.D. George is no match for his opponent.Section B (I point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. Aftereach question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk one10 A. 18-21. B. 22-25. C. 30-50. D. 70-80.11. A. Because older people become more thankful for what they have.B. Because older people spend less time in deep thinking.C. Because older people forget things more frequently.D. Because older people tend to be more reliable.12. A. Middle aged women had increased sleep problems.B. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.C. Being single affected the levels of happiness.D. Sleep quality declined as people got older.Mini-talk two13. A. High temperatures. B. Too much weight on the roof.C. The lack of rich soil.D. Sufficient watering system.14. A. They are normally painted green. B. They shorten the life of houses.C. They reduce energy consumption.D. They are used as water tanks.15. A. They need little water. B. They normally grow faster.C. They are less costly to grow.D. They could absorb more water.Section C (1point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25seconds to read the notes below.（请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. Compliments are so good that they can heal your _____________ (2 words).17. Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a conversation, you’re not goingto get _____________ (3 words) from that person.18. After giving specific compliments, you should follow that _____________ (3 words).19. Adding compliments in front of people makes people respected and feel _____________ (4words).20. Last, avoid _____________ (2 words) with envy.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C,and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet21. Values play as much a role in tackling the national challenges as smart policies.A. addressingB. minimizingC. reinforcingD. stabilizing22. Despite her attempt to look happy, her behavior at the party struck me as odd.A. attackedB. imposedC. deemedD. impressed23. The intimate relationship between human beings and speech is not restricted to sound.A. ascribedB. confinedC. subjectedD. related24. This young man took a law degree with distinction and found a job in a well.A. differenceB. perfectionC. separationD. honor25. Differences in culture and values will give rise to conflict of ideas and tastes.A. outbreakB. assimilationC. clashD. harmony26. Unpleasant symptoms can cause the smoker to resume smoking to raise the levels ofnicotine in the blood.A. let downB. go aboutC. drop offD. return to27. With the progress in medicine, it is no longer difficult to attain old age.A. evadeB. reachC. postponeD. retard28. Before national day, these musicians some songs in honor of this special occasion.A. in celebration ofB. in respect ofC. in case ofD. in excess of29. Japan, after spectacular post-war economic growth, became the world’s second-biggesteconomy.A. superficialB. amazingC. virtualD. genuine30. This book gives a very particular account of the important battles during WWII.A. specialB. strangeC. detailedD. exceptionalSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Dozens of people were trapped for hours in the ________ of the train, but all have beentaken to safety.A. wreckageB. bandageC. cottageD. hostage32. The doctor advised me to increase my intake of healthy foods that can ________ heartdisease.A. give offB. pay offC. set offD. ward off33. The participants of the meeting discussed, ________, the future of the oil industry.A. from now onB. in the wayC. among other thingsD. on their mind34. Obama’s remarks were his most ________ description of how his personal religious beliefsfactor into his decision-making.A. externalB. extinctC. explicitD. executive35. Many United States teenagers ________ the road without receiving driver s’ education.A. beatB. hitC. strikeD. knock36. The ocean _______ 70 percent of the earth’s surface, but contains about 20 percent of theEarth’s total estimated species.A. takes upB. fixes upC. stirs upD. patches up37. With the _______ of a mouse, you can instantly get to see all the information you wantonline.A. crackB. clickC. chipD. clap38. Businesses of all sizes possess some type of _______ culture consisting of a set of valuesand goals.A. desperateB. corporateC. deliberateD. moderate39. When asked to disclose financial ties to drug companies, many doctors will ________ suchinformation.A. withdrawB. withstandC. witherD. withhold40. There is no exception ________ the rule that every rule has an exception.A. forB. onC. toD. inPart III Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B,C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetAn ecosystem is defined as an ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit. To be more ___41__, an ecosystem is a complex set of relationships among the living resources, ___42___, and residents of an area, composed of organisms that work together to remain healthy ___43___ energy is exchanged and system-level processes emerge. The ecosystem serves as the level of biological organization in which organisms __44__ simultaneously with each other and with their environment. As such, ecosystems are a level above that of the ecological community but are at a level below the __45__, which is essentially the largest of all possible ecosystems.The thing about ecosystems is that they are __46__ fragile and intensely complicated. If you influence the smallest variable, then it changes the __47__. This is why global warming is such a big issue, __48__ whether we created it or not. Ecosystems will change; however, if they change radically enough, our way of life will forever be affected. It is sad to think that future generations will not have the __49__ of witnessing these little creatures as we have in our lifetime. You have to go to preservations to witness the wildlife that __50__ be an everyday occurrence.41. A. realistic B. frank C. honest D. specific42. A. habits B. habitats C. inhabitants D. inhibitors43. A. in case B. if only C. but for D. so that44. A. interact B. concern C. interfere D. coincide45. A. biofuel B. biodiversity C. biosphere D. biochemistry46. A. concisely B. inherently C. robustly D. industriously47. A. whole B. entire C. all D. total48. A. along with B. due to C. regardless of D. as to49. A. trouble B. privilege C. time D. willingness50. A. was about B. had better C. used to D. would ratherPART IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked byA, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneResearchers may have found a solution to the annoying gender-wage gap: tell all the male CEOs to have more babies. And only child daughters, to be precise.A new, not-yet-published study that tracked 12 years of wage data in Denmark finds that when male CEOs had daughters, their female employees’ wages went up 1.3 percent while their male employees only gained 0.8 percent raises. The study’s authors – from Aalborg University in Denmark, the University of Maryland, and Columbia – found that women’s wages were boosted even more if the daughter was the first child of the CEO. The researchers found that the birth of a first daughter to a male CEO “resulted in a 1.4 percent increase in women’s wages, and an approximately 0.8 percent decrease in the gender wage gap. If the first daughter was also a first child, the gender wage gap would decrease by roughly 2.8 percent.” If a second daughter was born to a male CEO, women’s wages were not significantly affected. “Thus, our results suggest that the first daughter ‘flips a switch’ in the mind of a male CEO, causing him to attend more to equality in gender-related wage policies,” they write.David Gaddis Ross, co-author of the study and an assistant professor at Columbia’s Business School, said he would love to do a similar study in the United States, but there is no way the data would be available. “Getting this information in the United States would be wildly difficult, especially on the family structure of the CEOs,”he said. The Denmark data did not reveal names of individuals or companies, but each employee of every company in the country is attached to a code that researchers could use to find gender, number of children, salary, and other information such as home address and phone number.The study is not the first to examine how having a daughter affects men’s decision-making. Ebonya Washington wrote in a study published in the American Economic Review in 2008 that U.S. legislators were more likely to vote more liberally on women’s reproductive issues if they had daughters. Another study found that parents with daughters were more likely to adopt feminist views on gender equality.51. According to the study, if the first child of the CEO was a daughter, the decrease of thegender wage gap was ________.A. 0.8%B. 1.3%C. 1.4%D. 2.8%52. The Denmark study finds that male CEOs with daughters may ________.A. better respect female privacyB. better promote gender equalityC. give more chances for womenD. hire more female employees53. According to David Ross, a similar study in the U.S. ________.A. will soon be underwayB. may produce similar resultsC. is unnecessary and costlyD. is unlikely to be carried out.54. Which of the following information about the CEOs is most difficult to get in the U.S.?A. Real income.B. Phone number.C. Family structure.D. Home address.55. The findings of the three studies mentioned in the passage ________.A. have little in commonB. seem to be confusingC. agree well with each otherD. are somewhat contradictory56. In which section of a newspaper is the passage likely to appear?A. People.B. Society.C. Technology.D. News.Passage twoVirtually nobody has memories from very early childhood – but it’s not because we don’t remain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don’t yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories.It’s clear that young children do remember facts in the moment – such as who their parents are, or that one must say “please”before mom will give you candy. This is called “semantic memory.”Until sometime between the ages two and four, however, children lack “episodic memory”–memory regarding the details of a specific event. Such memories are stored in several parts of the brains surface, or “cortex.” For example, memory of sound is processed in the auditory cortexes, on the sides of the brain, while visual memory is managed by the visual cortex, at the back. A region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ties all the scattered pieces together.“If you think of your cortex as a flower bed, there are flowers all across the top of yourhead,” said Patricia Bauer of Emory University in Atlanta. “The hippocampus, tucked very neatly in the middle of your brain, is responsible for pulling those all together and tying them in a bouquet (花束).” The memory is the bouquet – the neural pattern of linkages between the parts of the brain where a memory is stored.So why do kids usually fail to record specific episodes until the two-to-four age range? It may be because that’s when the hippocampus starts tying fragments of information together, said psychologist Nora Newcombe of Temple University in Philadelphia. And there may be a reason for this, Newcombe said. Episodic memory may be unnecessarily complex at a time when a child is just learning how the world works. “I think the primary goal of the first two years is to acquire semantic knowledge and from that point of view, episodic memory might actually be a distraction,”Newcombe said.57. It can be learned that children under the age of two ________.A. have memory of detailed eventsB. have the ability to remember factsC. retain little information in their brainsD. process information the same way adults do58. Which of the following is an example of “episodic memory”?A. Brides remember what happened on their weddings.B. Little kids remember their parents’ names.C. We remember to wash hands before meals.D. We remember to say “Thank you” for others’ help.59. Memory of image is processed ________.A. in the middle of the brainB. on the left side of the brainC. on the right side of the brainD. at the back of the brain60. Assume that our cortex is a flower bed, then hippocampus is ________.A. the flowers grown in the flower bedB. the stimulator that helps the flowers growC. the string that ties the flowers into a bouquetD. the bouquet made of the flowers in the bed61. According to Newcombe, if episodic memory were developed before agetwo, it would ________.A. negatively affect children’s learning processB. help children better understand our worldC. push children to learn more quicklyD. bring children’s development to a halt62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. How kids develop their memory.B. Why can’t we remember our very early days?C. How is memory processed by the brain?D. Why kids’ memory differs from that of adults.Passage ThreeIs new technology damaging our ability to communicate? Fingers flying, we can blog, email, or enter chat room. But as we type billions of words, something is being lost. Face-book is not the same as face to face and, as our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of e-mails from schools. They often attach long lists of questions, to which they want detailed responses. Time is short, so I usually reply that they can phone me and I’ll do my best to answer. They very rarely do, partly because they verbal and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type and e-mail.Yet to adapt an old business saying, a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five e-mails. Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust. People are more likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak to another person. Most are wary of committing themselves in writing.The great tragedy is that the phone was invented before the computer. If it has been the other way around, Internet forums would now be buzzing with the exciting news: “Have you heard (type, type)? There is this amazing new gadget (type). Now you can talk directly with people. And they can hear your voice. Without all this typing.” Persistent marketing would do the rest and colleges would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills.But we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it weakens our ability to look people in the eye and talk. A good example is how much new technology has affected public speaking.Does anyone else hate PowerPoint? At meetings, I internally groan as speakers load up their ponderous projections. I don’t mind maps and pictures, but all those words of text drive me crazy. “And now for my introduction…” and up comes the word “introduction.”“There are four points” and we see “four points.”Masses of facts and statistics follow. These should all have been given out as an information sheet. Instead, while you are trying to read through the material, the lecturer is wandering verbally all over it. There’s a confusion of focus that gives me a headache. As the slides flash by, the most important relationship in public speaking is being undermined – the link between the speaker and the audience.63. According to the author, young people today don’t ________.A. like to communicate using speechB. like to communicate with peopleC. know how to communicate with peopleD. know how to ask questions over the phone64. Based on paragraph 3, compared with meetings, e-mails are ________.A. fasterB. friendlierC. less effectiveD. less interesting65. In paragraph 3, “wary of” can be replaced by ________.A. faced withB. happy aboutC. used toD. cautious of66. The author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people nowwould ________.A. be eager to learn how to use the phoneB. be glad to have both means of communicationC. still prefer typing words on the computerD. show little interesting in the phone67. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards today’s use of typedwords?A. EncouragingB. CuriousC. ConcernedD. Indifferent68. In the author’s opinion, PowerPoint ________.A. helps to convey the message of the speaker to the audienceB. harm the interaction between the speaker and the audienceC. should include as much information as necessaryD. should combine texts and pictures to make it eye-catchingPassage FourIt’s all Apple all the time these days: “astonishing” earnings reports in the news on Jan.25, lingering shots of Steve Jobs’ widow Laurene sitting near the First Lady and, of course, ever since his death in October, universal references to Jobs himself in any writing or speech aimed at promoting creativity or ingenuity or an all-American, against-all-odds model of success.However, New Y ork Times articles this week spoke of a darker reality behind the glowing Apple story: the “millions of human machines,” as the Times Charles Duhigg and David Barboza put it, in China who are now laboring 12 hours a day, six days a week to maintain the company’s amazing rate of growth.They live in dormitories where they can be called to their jobs anytime and often work double shifts in highly unsafe conditions. They’re willing to do all it takes. “It isn’t just that workers are cheaper abroad,” Duhigg wrote, “Rather, Apple’s executives believe the vast scale of overseas factories as well as the flexibility, diligence and expertise of foreign workers have so outpaced their American counterparts that ‘Made in the U.S.A.’ is no longer a viable option for most Apple products.”The Times stories raised very serious questions about not only Apple or the many other companies that similarly rely on overseas labor to support their growth and flood the world with cheap products, but the human cost of the growth model itself that has allowed Apple to thrive. It’s a model of growth, all too unquestioned in the U.S., that demands endless quality-of-life sacrifices in the service of productivity and profit. By quality of life, I mean good relationships with friends and family and having the time and the physical and emotional availability to invest in friends and family.Yet the American workers have been headed in the opposite direction for decades. Workinghours have expanded to the point where successful professionals consider the traditional 40-hour workweek a “part-time”job. Vacation time has been shrinking. In the current downturn, the employed are too scared of losing work to take time off. The pressure to be super-productive, ever willing, and always available has never been greater. But we should call into question the direction we’re headed and ask whether chasing the dream of growth has already turned into a nightmare. It’s up to the rest of us now to decide what to make of Steve Jobs’ legacy.69. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that Steve Jobs ________.A. is a controversial figure in the mediaB. enjoys high publicity in the U.S.C. used to deliver many speechesD. was a Nobel Prize winner70. The expression “against all odds” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. foreign bornB. least talentedC. permanently obscureD. seemingly unlikely71. Apple’s executives choose to have most apple products made overseas because ________.A. goods made in the U.S.A. are inferiorB. Apple products sell better abroadC. this is much more profitableD. China-made products are better designed72. In the author’s opinion, the constant pursuit of the dream of growth has resulted in _______.A. better living standards in the U.S.B. a perfect model of growthC. worse relationships with friends and familyD. the popularity of iProducts73. Which of the following statements about the workers is true?A. They are spending more time with the family.B. They are enjoying a better quality of life.C. They can find jobs more easily.D. They have to work hard and overtime.74. The author’s attitude to Apple’s story of success is ________.A. approvalB. objectionC. admirationD. indifferencePassage FiveA new website from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows that 10 percent of the country is now a “food desert.”The Food Desert Locator is an online map highlighting thousands of areas where, the USDA says, low-income families have little or no access to healthy fresh food. First identified in Scotland in the 1990s, food deserts have come to symbolize urban decay. They suggest images of endless fast-food restaurants and convenience stores serving fatty, sugary junk food to overweight customers who have never tasted a Brussels sprout.Accordingly, Michelle Obama announced a $400 million Healthy Food Financing Initiative last year with the aim of eliminating food deserts nationwide by 2017. Official figures for the number of people living in food deserts already show a decline, from 23.5m in 2009 to 13.5m at the launch of the website. Although this might on the face of it suggest that the initiative is off to a superb start, sadly it does not in fact represent a single additional banana bought or soda escaped. This is because in America, the definition of a food desert is any census area where at least 20percent of inhabitants are below the poverty line and 33 percent live more than a mile from a supermarket. By simply extending the cutoff in rural areas to ten miles, the USDA managed to rescue 10m people from desert life.Some academics would go further, calling the appearance of many food deserts nothing but a mirage. Research by the Center for Public Health Nutrition at the University of Washington found that only 15 percent of people shopped for food within their own census area. Critics also note that focusing on supermarkets means that the USDA ignores tens of thousands of larger and smaller retailers, farmers’ markets and roadside greengrocers, many of which are excellent sources of fresh food. Together, they account for more than half of the country’s trillion-dollar retail food market.A visit to Renton, a depressed suburb of Seattle, demonstrates the problem. The town sits directly in the middle of a USDA food desert stretching miles in every direction. Yet it is home to a roadside stand serving organic fruit and vegetables, a health-food shop packed with nutritious grains and a superstore that researchers found attracts flocks of shoppers from well outside the desert.75. According to the USDA, food deserts ________.A. tend to be found in poor rural areasB. refer to the places with a food shortageC. are directly related to urban povertyD. are the direct cause of overweight76. The Healthy Food Financing Initiative is intended to ________.A. improve access to healthier foodB. change the American way of livingC. address the growing weight problemD. ensure food safety across the nation77. The author suggests that the drop from 23.5 million to 13.5 million ________.A. represents substantial progressB. is at least a good beginningC. isn’t based on true informationD. doesn’t make much difference78. The word “mirage” (para.3) probably means ________.A. unreal problemB. potential riskC. growing difficultyD. hidden danger79. The scholars in paragraph 3 think that the USDA definition of a food desert is ________.A. justifiableB. problematicC. unclearD. creative80. Renton is mentioned in the passage to ________.A. raise public awareness about food desertsB. highlight the problems of food desertsC. point out the solutions to food desertsD. tell us to put food deserts in perspective。

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