国三国四排放发动机用涡轮增压器概述

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Emissions Technologies • Many New Emission Technologies Have Been Developed:许 多新的排放技术已经被应用



New Combustion Processes新的燃烧过程: HCCI均质充气压缩点燃方 式, PCCI预混合混合燃烧, LTC低温燃烧… Higher Injection Pressures高压喷射, Rate Shaping调整速率, Multiples Injections 混合喷射 Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)排气再循环
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过去10年柴油机在减少排放方面做得工作
NOx & PM 是焦点
对美国来讲2010年 也是困难的
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康跃增压器 Courtesy of Tim Johnson, Corning, Inc.
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• • •


Euro Heavy-Duty Emission Regulations欧洲重型 排放规则 Euro I standards were introduced in 1992, Euro II regulations in 1996, both using the steady-state engine test ECE R-49 In 1999, the EU introduced Euro III standards (2000), as well as Euro IV/V standards (2005/2008) 欧I标准开始使用是在1992年,欧II是在1996年开始使用,两个标准被 欧洲经济文员会 R-49用作发动机稳定测试 在1999年欧洲引进欧III标准(2000年),同时连同欧IV/V标准 (2005/2008) With Euro III, ECE R-49 was replaced by the European Stationary Cycle (ESC) and the European Transient Cycle (ETC). Smoke opacity is measured on the European Load Response (ELR) test.
• 认真研究替代燃烧的计划,如均质充气压缩点燃方式 ( HCCI燃烧) ,预混合混合燃烧( PCCI ) ,低温燃 烧(中校)开始使用。此外,处理后氮氧化物减少有了 很大的改善,氮氧化合物捕集器 ( LNT ) ,选择性催化 还原( SCR ) ,氮氧化物和精益催化剂。
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• Euro III was the start of serious emissions reductions. Initial reactions from European engine manufacturers in the 19981998 timeframe was that they would need to implement EGR. EGR was seen as effective at NOx reduction, but the impact on engine life was extremely concerning. A lot of experience was gained by European manufacturers with EGR, but they were all able to meet Euro III without EGR. Basic combustion improvement was sufficient to meet the requirements.
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• Serious research on alternative combustion schemes such as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), Pre-mixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI), Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) began at this time. In addition, NOx reducing after-treatment research was significantly increased resulting in significant improvement in Lean NOx Traps (LNT), Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), and Lean NOx Catalysts.
• 欧3标准是更严格排放的开始。在1998年至1998 年期间欧洲发动机制造商最初意识到需要实施废 气再循环。废气再循环能有效减少氮氧化物的排 放,但与发动机的寿命是极为相关。一些有丰富 的经验,获得废气再循环技术的欧洲制造商,他 们都能够满足欧洲III无废气再循环。基本燃烧改 善足以满足发动机的需求。
• High Pressure Loop 高压循环 • Low Pressure Loop 低压循环
• 欧III,ECER-49 被欧洲固定式周期(ESC)和欧洲瞬变周期 (ETC)替代,烟雾的不透明性被作为欧洲装载反应(ELR)测试 的标准。
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• In 2001, the European Commission prohibited the use of emission “defeat devices” and “irrational” emission control strategies • 在2001年,欧共体禁止使用“受损装置”和不合理“排放等控制 战略 • In 2005 Directive 2005/55/EC introduced durability and OBD requirements • 2005/55/EC指令, 2005年推出的耐用性和车载诊断系统的要求 • In December 2007, the Commission published a proposal for Euro VI emission standards [COM(2007) 851]. The new emission limits, comparable in stringency to the US 2010 standards, would become effective from 2013/2014. • 在2007年12月,委员会发表了一份提案,欧VI排放标准[COM ( 2007 ) 851 ] 。新的排放限度,与US2010标准同样严格,该 提案会从2013/2014年开始正式生效
Technical summarize of turbocharger meet euro 3 euro 4 engine emissions standard 国三、国四排放发动机用涡轮增压器 技术概述
Shouguang Kangyue Turbocharger Co., Ltd
寿光市康跃增压器有限公司


At about the same time, the Department of Justice in the U.S. determined that the advanced electronic controls that U.S. manufacturers had implemented to meet 1998 standards violated the intent of the law. Many manufacturers were sued and reached an out-of-court settlement with the EPA (referred to as the Consent Decrees) which required them to meet 2004 standards in 2002, AND without any transient controls that could be viewed as “cycle-beating”. This shortened time-frame combined with a required switch in strategy caused significant upheaval in the industry. Most engine manufacturers launched EGR systems for the first time in this period. They learned to control the pressure differential across the engine to control EGR flow, as well as learned about the effects of EGR on engine life. They learned the boundaries where condensation could occur in the exhaust and EGR systems forming nitric and sulfuric acid within the engine resulting in corrosion. 与此同时,美国制造商已经实施了先进的电子控制,并能达到1998年标准, 但是美国司法部提出, 该系统违反法律。许多制造商被起诉,并达成了庭外 和解与EPA (称为同意法令) ,要求他们在2002年能够达到2004年的标准, 被认为是“周期挫败”的发动机行业并没有做出任何的控制措施。在这个如 此短的时间内,需要有一项体系来结合,成为业界的一个重要事宜。在那个 时机初期,大多数发动机制造商推出废气再循环系统。他们学会了控制压差, 他们学会控制横跨引擎的压力差控制来达到对EGR废气再循环流量的控制, 以及了解EGR对发动机寿命的影响。他们的经验教训表明,在哪里可能发生 的排气系统和废气再循环形成硝酸和硫酸的发动机造成腐蚀。
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• Euro IV was not as severe in NOx reduction, but more substantial in particulate reduction. Many manufacturers launched diesel particulate filters (DPF) in this period and learned to deal with the problems of active regeneration, soot load modeling and sulfur poisoning. • 欧IV并不是使氮氧化物减少,但大量减少了的微粒的排放。在此期间 许多制造商推出柴油微粒过滤器(柴油机微粒过滤器),并了解了如 何处理处理烟尘负荷建模和硫中毒等问题。 • U.S. 2007 and 2010 are extremely stringent. US07 could be meet with either EGR+DPF or SCR+DPF. US10 requires either massive EGR or EGR+SCR for NOx reduction. US10 cannot be met by SCR alone.美国2007年和2010是非常严格的。 US07标准可满足带有废气 再循环+柴油机微粒过滤器或可控硅+DPF 。 美国07要求要么使用大 量废气再循环系统要么使用废气再循环+晶闸管的NOx还原系统。 美 国10不能与SCR独立使用
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