全中医英语课后答案课李照国

KevinLee.第一课一．术语翻译1.traditional Chinese medicine; TCM2.basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine3.clinical experience4.treatment based on syndrome differentiation5.miscellaneous diseases6.Chinese pharmacy7.four properties and five tastes8.acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox9.classical Chinese philosophy10.sweating therapy; diaphoresis11.purgation12.vomiting therapy; emetic therapy13.the School of Reinforcing the Earth14.etiology15.prescription; formula16.medical practice17.therapeutic principles18.herbs cold and cool in nature19.nourishing yin and reducing fire20.diseases caused by blood stagnation二．句子翻译has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases.has a unique and integrated theoretical system.is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases.Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine.of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China.is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient.impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases.of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world.Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts.the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools.Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation.Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature.Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases”and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach. Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases.on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases.School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer.Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation.traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine.第二课一．术语翻译zang-organs; five zang-viscerafu-organsof meridians and collateralswholenssattribute7.(of the five zang-organs) open into, grow, transform, ripen and storebetween pathogenic factors and healthy qicold due to wind and coldtherapeutic methods used to treat the same diseasesame therapeutic method used to treat different diseasesof water metabolismaway heart fireof diseasethe left side for curing diseases located on the right sideyang from yinthe lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part二．句子翻译theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.believes that the human body is an organic whole.constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology.holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases.in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body. and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter.heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine.has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings.to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other.qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night.differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities ofthe human body.is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease.based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases. includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi.of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases.doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes.can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease.diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis.the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi. treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis.第三课一．术语翻译concepttransformationof yin and yangbetween yin and yangcold turning into heatchangespredominancerule of pathogenesiswhat it lacks ofwind and dispersing coldinhibiting and promotinginhibiting and restrainingof yin leading to decline of yangand supplementary to each otherwholeof yang involving yinof both yin and yangcold syndromeyang and eliminating wind三．句子翻译and yang are two concepts in classical Chinese philosophy.and yang are the summarization of the attributes of two opposite aspects of interrelated things or phenomena in nature.formation, development and changes of all things in the universe are the result of the movement of yin and yang that oppose to each other and unite with each other.celestial qi pertains to yang because it is light and lucid, while the terrestrial qi pertains to yin because it is heavy and turbid.course of mutual restraint and inhibition between yin and yang signifies their progress in mutual reduction and promotion.cannot exist alone without yang and vice versa.of yin and yang results in exhaustion of essence.through constant reduction, growth and balance can the normal development of things be maintained.given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its counterpart. of things signifies transformation while extreme development of things indicates change.and yang are indispensable the human body.pertain to yang while substances to yin.yin and yang fail to promote each other and are thus separated from each other, it will lead to the end of life.matter how complicated pathological changes of a disease are, they are nothing more than relative predominance of yin or yang.so-called healthy qi refers to the structure and functions of the body, including body resistance against diseases.any part of the body, either yin or yang, becomes deficient to a certain extent, it will inevitably lead to insufficiency of the other part. between yin and yang is the intrinsic factor responsible for the occurrence and progress of a disease.manifestations of complexion can tell whether a disease pertains to yin or yang in nature.basic therapeutic principle is to supplement insufficiency and reduce excess.when appropriate herbs are chosen can excellent therapeutic effects be ensured.第四课一．术语翻译doctrine of five elements; the theory of five phasesdevelopmentbe generated and to generatein generationis characterized by growing freely and peripherally.is characterized by cultivation and reaping.is characterized by moistening and downward flowing.restriction and counter-restrictionover restricts earth because it is deficient., restriction, inhibition and transformationof a mother-organ involving its child-organof essence and blood in the liver and kidneydeficiency in the heart and liverfire in the heartof liver yinof kidney yangof the spleen and stomachthe liver and harmonizing the stomachof kidney yinbetween water and fire二．句子翻译, fire, earth, metal and water are the five most essential materials indispensable to human existence.formation of the theoretical system of TCM was deeply influenced by the doctrine of five elements.is characterized by moistening and downward flow.liver pertains to wood because it controls elevation.spleen pertains to earth because it controls transportation and transformation.kidney pertains to water because it controls water metabolism.implies that one thing brings under control or restraint of the other. wood generates fire, wood is the generator of fire; since fire generates earth, fire is the generator of earth.or over restriction means to launch a violent attack when a counterpart is weak.wood is too strong, it will over restrict the spleen and counter-restrict metal.the heart can warm the body, it pertains to fire.liver stores blood to complement the liver.kidney stores essence to nourish blood in the liver.idea that the disorder of a child-organ attacks the mother-organs means that the disease is transmitted from a child-organ to its mother-organ. human body is an organic whole. So disorders of the internal organs can be manifested over the surface of the body.includes over restriction and counter-restriction, both of which are abnormal restriction among the five elements.basic relationships among the five elements are generation, restriction, over restriction and counter-restriction.one that generates is the mother-element while the one that is being generated is the child-element.the doctrine of five elements is used to decide therapeutic principles and methods.doctrine of five elements obviously has certain limitations and is still in need of further improvement.第五课一．术语翻译1.藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations2.五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs3.奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs4.水谷精 of water and food5.传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food6.贮藏精气storing essence7.表里关系internal and external relationship8.治疗效应therapeutic effects9.临床实践clinical practice10.藏而不泻storage without discharge11.泻而不藏discharge without storage12.形体诸窍physical build and various orifices13.开窍(of five zang-organs) open into14.精神情志spirit and emotions15.心藏神the heart storing spirit16.肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul17.肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul18.脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness19.肾藏志the kidney storing will20.其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face二．句子翻译1.藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。