(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
《学术英语(综合)》课后答案
《学术英语(综合)》书本答案以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Do you(think/agree)”“give a presentation”等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1EconomicsText A:Lead-in:omittedCritical reading and thinking:Task1:Body:Use the labor and skills behind the Thanksgiving weekend as examples to illustrate the concept of“the invisible hand”End:Echo the beginning,emphasizing we should be grateful to the miracle on this Thanksgiving Day and every dayTask2:1.It is not difficult at all to explain why grocery stores stock up on turkey before Thanksgiving.There seemsto be no miracle in it.2.The use of so many“and’s”helps to emphasize that a series of actions and all kinds of work are involved inthe sale of Thanksgiving turkey.3.Here“from above”means“from God”.The phrase is used to show that there is something wondrous andalmost inexplicable in the social order of freedom.Task3:Market has its own way of punishing business malpractice.For example,if a fast food chain sells contaminated food,nation-wide demand for their food will go down,along with their profit.When a company sells defective products,they have to deal with liability costs.Language building-up:Task1:1．1．饲料经销商；饲料批发商2．为他自己的收益而工作3．技能与劳动力4．制造塑料5．私人交易6．包装并定价7．无形之手2．1.pricedbor3.transactions4.gainbor;manufactured6.the invisible hand7.distributorTask2:1.Today,in millions of homes across the nation,God will be thanked for many gifts,for the feast on thetable and the company of loved ones,for health and good fortune in the year gone by,for peace privilege of having been born—or having become—American.(Line2,Para.1)2.And yet,isn't there something wondrous—something almost inexplicable—in the way your Thanksgivingweekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers?(Line1,Para.4)3.…Thanksgiving Turkey,there would be one—or more likely,a few dozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6) Task3:1.very many2.buying or selling3.a large group of4.more huge5.understand6.troubledText B:Critical reading and thinking:Task1:1.Considering that her boyfriend doesn’t even bother to choose a gift for her,the girl concludes that hedoesn’t love her.Therefore,she breaks off the relationship.In the case where the strength of affection is most in question,people care a lot about what is given as a gift.2.The following is one more example where the signaling theory can be applied:In the job market,anemployer may not know whether a candidate is qualified for a post or not.Very often,the candidate will show the employer education credentials,which can be used as a signal to the employer.Thus the information gap is narrowed.Task2:(以下所有表格题若未说明，顺序皆为从上到下，从左到右)Internet browser;Windows operating system;deter;entering the market and offering new products;cars today include many built-in products;monopoly;80;reliable;easier to use;severely limited;changing;competitors;low;Researching:The U.S.economy is a free market economy with some government regulation ad there has been a lasting debate about how much government regulation is necessary.Those who argue for less regulation claim that the free market itself will require business to protect consumers and provide good products or services and the interference from the government can do nothing but increase the cost of doing corporations are not concerned about the public’s interest,so regulation is indispensable.Interestingly, Adam Smith himself believed that government had an important role to play in economic life.For example, he believed that the government should enforce contracts and grant patents and copyrights.Text C:Task:每一个精明的一家之主都知道，如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小，那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
学术综合英语课后答案test1
学术综合英语课后答案test11、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all2、The beautiful radio _______ me 30 dollars. [单选题] *A. spentB. paidC. cost(正确答案)D. took3、40．Star wars is ______ adventure film and it is very interesting. [单选题] *A．aB．an (正确答案)C．theD．/4、Now people can _______ with their friends far away by e-mail, cellphone or letter. [单选题] *A. keep onB. keep in touch(正确答案)C. keep upD. keep off5、Hearing that he had passed _____ health examination, he immediately made _____ call to his parents. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; a(正确答案)D. a; the6、Jim is a(n) _______. He is very careful and likes to work with numbers. [单选题] *A. secretaryB. tour guideC. accountant(正确答案)D. English teacher7、This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best. [单选题] *A. howB. whichC. that(正确答案)D. what8、Don't tell me the answer, I'll work out the problem _____. [单选题] *A .by meB. myself(正确答案)C. meD. mine9、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants10、The soldiers would rather die than give in. [单选题] *A. 呈交B. 放弃C. 泄露D. 投降(正确答案)11、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told12、He either watches TV _______ reads books in the evening. [单选题] *A. or(正确答案)B. andC. toD. so13、He used to get up at six in the morning,（)? [单选题] *A. used heB. did heC. didnt he (正确答案)D. should he14、Two（）in our school were sent to a remote village to teach for a month. [单选题] *A. women teachers(正确答案)B. woman teachersC. women teacherD. woman teacher15、—Where did you get the book?—From my friend. I ______ it three days ago. （）[单选题] *A. lentB. borrowed(正确答案)C. keptD. returned16、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert17、Be _______ when you are driving. [单选题] *A. afraidB. careful(正确答案)C. clearD. clean18、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody19、The plane arrived at London airport _______ Wednesday morning. [单选题] *A. on(正确答案)B. atC. inD. for20、I always make my daughter ______ her own room.（）[单选题] *A. to cleanB. cleaningC. cleansD. clean(正确答案)21、25．—I ______ Beijing for a holiday.—________. [单选题] *A．will go；GoodbyeB．will go；Have a good time(正确答案)C．will go to；Have a good timeD．am going to；Have a fun22、Many of my classmates are working _______volunteers. [单选题] *A. as(正确答案)B. toC. atD. like23、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than24、At last the plane landed at the Beijing Airport safely. [单选题] *A. 平稳地B. 安全地(正确答案)C. 紧急地D. 缓缓地25、10．Mum, let me help you with your housework, so you ________ do it yourself. [单选题] * A．don’t need to(正确答案)B．need toC．don’t needD．need26、Mary _____ be in Paris. I saw her just now on campus. [单选题] *A. mustn'tB. can't(正确答案)C. need notD. may not27、You can _______ Bus 116 to get there. [单选题] *A. byB. take(正确答案)C. onD. in28、The boy lost his（）and fell down on the ground when he was running after his brother. [单选题] *A. balance(正确答案)B. chanceC. placeD. memory29、——Have you（）your friend Bill recently? ———No, he doesnt often write to me. [单选题] *A. heard aboutB. heard ofC. heard from (正确答案)D. received from30、There are trees on both sides of the broad street. [单选题] *A. 干净的B. 狭窄的C. 宽阔的(正确答案)D. 宁静的。
学术综合英语课后答案1-8单元
U1Text A(1) Contrary to what they predicted,the disease broke out and killed thousands of people.与他们的预测相反，病情爆发并且夺去了数千人的生命。
(2) Without receiving her reply as scheduled he regarded it as implicit acceptance.没有如期收到她的回复，他认为她已经默认了。
(3) He repeated his assertion that he was not guilty in front of the jury in court.法庭之上，他在陪审团面前重申了他无罪的声明。
(4) Using the Internet,he was able to look up information on a terrible disease torturing his wife.他可以运用互联网查找一种折磨他妻子的可怕疾病的信息。
(5) The young man adapted well to the city life and his new environment.这个年轻人非常适应城市生活和新环境。
(6) There is not enough oxygen in the Moon’s atmosphere to sustain plant life.月球大气中没有足够的氧气来维持植物的生命。
7) What you prepare for your speech,be sure to cite unbiased qualified sources.当你在准备演讲时，一定要引用不偏不倚并且得到允许的信息源。
(8) In the course of children’s language acquisition,adults should pay attention to grammar. 在儿童学习语言的过程中，大人们应该注意语法。
学术综合英语unit1-unit5课后翻译及答案
Unit 1Outlines are essential to effective speeches.By outlining, you make sure that related ideas are together, that your thoughts flow from one to another, and that the structure of your speech is coherent. You will probably use two kinds of outlines for your speeches--the detailed preparation outline and the brief speaking outline.In a preparation outline, you should state your specific purpose and central idea, and identify main points and sub--points using a consistent pattern. The speaking outline should consist of brief notes to help you while you deliver the speech. It should contain key words or phrases to bolster your memory. In making up your speaking outline, follow the same visual framework used in your preparation outline. Keep the speaking outline as brief as possible and be sure it is plainly legible.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
学术综合英语参考答案unit3
学术综合英语参考答案unit3学术综合英语参考答案Unit 3Part I: Vocabulary and Structure1. The correct answer is "innovative," which means introducing new ideas or methods.2. "Catalyst" refers to a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.3. The term "paradigm" is used to describe a set of concepts or principles that form a theoretical framework of a branch of knowledge.4. "Ecosystem" denotes a community of living and non-living components that interact with each other in a particular environment.5. "Ethical" concerns moral principles that dictate right and wrong behavior.6. "Sustainable" refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. "Biodiversity" is the variety of life on Earth, encompassing all plants, animals, and microorganisms, their genetic variations, and the ecosystems they form.8. "Pollutant" is a substance that contaminates the environment, making it harmful or impure.9. "Conservation" is the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife.10. "Renewable" describes resources that can be replenished naturally and sustainably over time.Part II: Reading ComprehensionA. True or False Questions1. True. The passage states that the use of renewable energy sources can reduce reliance on fossil fuels.2. False. The text mentions that while renewable energy can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it does not completely eliminate them.3. True. The passage highlights the importance of researchand development in advancing renewable energy technologies.4. False. The text indicates that while renewable energy is abundant, it can be inconsistent, requiring storage solutions.5. True. The passage discusses the potential for renewable energy to create jobs and stimulate economic growth.B. Multiple Choice Questions1. C. The passage mentions that solar power is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy.2. B. The text explains that wind turbines convert windenergy into electricity.3. A. The passage states that hydroelectric power isgenerated by the movement of water.4. D. The text describes bioenergy as energy derived from organic material.5. E. The passage mentions that geothermal energy is heatfrom the Earth's interior.C. Fill in the Blanks1. photovoltaic cells2. carbon footprint3. intermittency4. energy storage5. grid integrationPart III: Cloze Test1. sustainable2. innovative3. paradigm4. ecosystem5. pollutants6. ethical7. biodiversity8. renewable9. conservation10. catalystPart IV: Writing TaskIn this section, you are asked to write an essay on the topic of "The Importance of Renewable Energy in the 21st Century." Your essay should cover the following points:- The increasing demand for energy and the challenges of relying on fossil fuels.- The benefits of renewable energy sources, such as solar,wind, and hydroelectric power.- The role of technology in advancing renewable energy solutions.- The economic and environmental implications of a transition to renewable energy.- The need for policy support and public awareness to promote the adoption of renewable energy.Sample Essay:The 21st century has ushered in an era of unprecedented energy demand, driven by global population growth and industrialization. Traditional fossil fuels, while abundant, present significant challenges, including environmental degradation and the potential for resource depletion. In contrast, renewable energy sources offer a sustainable alternative that can help mitigate these issues.Renewable energy, derived from the sun, wind, and water, among other sources, is inexhaustible and clean. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, wind turbines harness the power of the wind, and hydroelectric dams utilize the force of flowing water. These technologies not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also decrease our dependence on finite resources.Advancements in technology have made renewable energy more efficient and cost-effective. Innovations in energy storage and grid integration are addressing the intermittency of renewable sources, making them more reliable and accessible. Furthermore, the transition to renewable energy is aneconomic opportunity, with the potential to create new jobs and stimulate growth in the clean energy sector.However, the shift to renewable energy requires robust policy support and public awareness. Governments must enact incentives for renewable energy development and implement regulations that reduce the environmental impact oftraditional energy sources. Public education campaigns can also play a crucial role in fostering a societal understanding of the benefits of renewable energy and encouraging its adoption.In conclusion, the importance of renewable energy in the 21st century cannot be overstated. As we face the dual challenges of energy scarcity and environmental sustainability, renewable energy offers a promising path forward. With continued innovation, policy support, and public engagement, we can harness the power of the sun, wind, and water to build a cleaner。
学术综合英语参考答案unit1
学术综合英语参考答案unit1学术综合英语参考答案Unit 1一、词汇与语法1. 词汇题- (1) 正确答案：A. 显著的- (2) 正确答案：C. 影响- (3) 正确答案：B. 观点- (4) 正确答案：D. 概念- (5) 正确答案：E. 假设2. 语法题- (1) 正确答案：Whoever has the ability can apply for the position.- (2) 正确答案：Despite the heavy rain, they continued their journey.- (3) 正确答案：Not only did he finish his homework but he also helped his sister.- (4) 正确答案：It is the first time that she has visited the museum.- (5) 正确答案：Such is the power of nature that no one can resist it.二、阅读理解1. 阅读A- 问题1：正确答案：The author argues that the importanceof the English language in the global context.- 问题2：正确答案：The spread of English is attributed to the British Empire's colonial expansion and the role of the United States in international affairs.- 问题3：正确答案：English is considered a global language because it is widely used in business, science, technology, and diplomacy.2. 阅读B- 问题1：正确答案：The article discusses the challengesand opportunities of learning a second language.- 问题2：正确答案：Cognitive benefits, improved job prospects, and cultural understanding are mentioned as advantages of bilingualism.- 问题3：正确答案：Language learning can be hindered by factors such as age, motivation, and the learning environment.三、完形填空1. 正确答案：- (1) B. 影响- (2) A. 显著的- (3) D. 观点- (4) C. 概念- (5) E. 假设- (6) F. 假设- (7) G. 观点- (8) H. 影响- (9) I. 显著的- (10) J. 概念四、翻译1. 中译英- 正确答案：The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes to our daily lives.2. 英译中- 正确答案：全球化不仅促进了国际贸易，也增进了不同文化之间的理解和尊重。
(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2 答案 上海交通大学出版 蔡基刚
分解学术英语教程2 答案【1 】Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with people from a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f it with the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great manyextraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more to the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design. (Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ... However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading. Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate3.(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed not to have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for moreemphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role intraining individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to facemultifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities andcolleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinarywork being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiringknowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gatheringobservable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observationand experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication andthe results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence affects what is being studied.5) ① Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.② Science is exciting.③ Science is useful.④ Science is ongoing.⑤ Science is reliable.⑥ Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to befalse, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at theprice of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted andwere always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possibleresults of observation — in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would haveexpected.4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once youdevelop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of yourexperiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified, which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while atheory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied toevery situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory fromrefutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more about what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight appear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’t match up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a research project you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and isfollowed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defineswhat you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research(12) support3.(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) D(10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to the West.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, while the latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying a problem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment and reaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f 2) k 3) c 4) a 5) o 6) n 7) g8) e9) d10) m 11) i12) h13) j14) l15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas.3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing onthe general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was too academic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselves lost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know thetruth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities and all crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d2) e3) a4) b5) c6) g7) f8) hSet 2: 1) d2) g3) e4) h5) b6) a7) c8) f5. Para. A (e)Para. B (b)Para. C (f)Para. D (a)Para. E (a)Para. F (a) Para. G (c) Para. H (g) Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c2) g3) h4) b5) f6) d7) a8) eSet 2: 1) c2) d3) g4) e5) a6) b7) f8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the factthat the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply take them for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives to illustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2) The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafter depended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science, technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe to China in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstance that the feudalism of Europe and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If great achievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration3.(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary4. (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) B(5) A(6) A(7) C(8) D(9) B(10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century.(2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields.(10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success as for more money.8. A. (1) C(2) B(3) D(4) D(5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese history of science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries like fireworks, land mine-s,naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The compass, originally in a crude form, was followed by a magnetic device and a magneticneedle for navigation in waters.C. (1) He accidentally stumbled upon f ireworks by mixing 3 routine kitchen ingredients —saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and ignited them.(2) The fireworks came to be used for auspicious occasions like wedding-s, religiousceremonies and to celebrate victories and achievements, and even as rocket fuel.(3) He was called the founder of f ire crackers.(4) The gun powder tubes were found to be strong enough to launch arrows and this is howthe rocket was conceptualized and used against the Mongolians in a Kai keng battle.(5) He wanted to see how these rockets could be used for transportation.。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
学术综合英语参考答案6
学术综合英语参考答案6Part I: Vocabulary and Grammar (Section A)1. The correct answer is "innovative," which means introducing new ideas or methods.2. "Catalyst" is the right choice here, referring to something that causes a change or action to happen.3. The word "diverse" is appropriate as it means showing a great deal of variety; very different.4. "Consequence" fits the context, meaning a result or effect of an action or condition.5. The term "feasible" is correct, indicating that something is possible to do or achieve.6. "Credible" is the word needed, meaning trusted and believed to be true or accurate.7. The correct word is "prevalent," which means existing or spreading widely in a particular place or time.8. "Eradicate" is the right answer, meaning to completely destroy or get rid of something.9. "Interact" is the term to use, meaning to communicate or cooperate with others; to act together.10. "Discrepancy" is the word needed, indicating a lack of agreement or consistency between beliefs and actions or between makings and facts.Part II: ClozeIn this section, you are required to fill in the blanks withthe appropriate words or phrases from the given options. Here are the correct answers:11. enhance - To make something greater in quality, value, or extent.12. manifestations - Clear signs or indications of something.13. articulate - To express something clearly and effectively.14. conducive - Helping to make something happen or be successful.15. intrinsic - Belonging naturally; essential to something.16. scrutiny - Careful examination or inspection.17. perpetuate - To keep something going continuously.18. substantiate - To provide proof or evidence for a claim.19. alleviate - To make something less severe or painful.20. paradigm - A typical example or pattern of something; a model.Part III: Reading Comprehension21. According to the passage, the correct answer is that the author believes the importance of education is to empower individuals.22. The passage suggests that the primary reason for the decline in traditional education is the rapid development of technology.23. The author argues that the future of education will be shaped by personalized learning experiences.24. In the context of the passage, the term "collaborative learning" refers to students working together to achieve common goals.25. The author concludes that the key to successful educationin the future is adaptability and innovation.Part IV: Translation26. 教育的目的不仅仅是传授知识，更重要的是激发学生的创造力和批判性思维。
(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
工作计划月报表怎么写
在现代社会中, 工作计划月报表是一种重要的工作文档, 它用来记录和总结个人或团队在一个月内的工作计划、完成情
况和反馈意见。
一个好的工作计划月报表不仅可以帮助管理
者更好地了解团队的工作进展和问题所在, 也可以帮助员工及时调整工作计划, 保证工作的高效进行。
那么, 接下来我们就
来看一下如何撰写一份优质的工作计划月报表。
1.报表基本信息
首先, 写报表要明确基本信息, 包括报表的标题、时间范围、报表编制人员、审批人员等, 确保大家对这份报表有清晰的认识和了解。
2.本月工作总结
接着, 对这个月的工作进行总结, 包括完成的任务和项目、遇到的问题、取得的成果等, 需要客观地记录事实, 突出重点, 切忌含糊其辞。
3.下月工作计划
然后是下个月的工作计划, 列出具体的工作任务、时间节点和责任人, 确保每个人清楚自己的任务和目标, 同时要根据完成情况, 做出合理的调整和安排。
4.需要领导解决的问题
在报表中也要客观反映遇到的问题和困难, 如果需要领导或其他部门的支持和
解决, 也要明确提出, 并提供相应的建议或解决方案。
5.其他事项
最后, 报表中还可以包括其他需要说明的事项, 比如个人感悟、团队建设、学习计划等内容, 让报表更加全面和有深度。
总的来说, 一份优质的工作计划月报表应当具备客观真实、明确具体、内容清晰、有建设性的特点, 通过不断的完善和调整, 可以帮助团队更好地规划和实施工作, 提高工作效率和质量。
希望以上内容对您能有所帮助, 谢谢！。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2 答案 上海交通大学出版 蔡基刚
综合学术英语教程2 答案之相礼和热创作Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to becomeexperts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problemsolvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascinationwith nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as touse their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting backand letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds andparticipate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of theirMIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great manyextraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.(Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology froma liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ...However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading.Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological andmedical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way oflife.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adaptingto the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interestswell beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for moreemphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role intraining individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to facemultifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities andcolleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinarywork being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiringknowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gatheringobservable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observationand experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experimentsto test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication andthe results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our sensescan be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presenceaffects what is being studied.5) ① Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.② Science is exciting.③ Science is useful.④ Science is ongoing.⑤ Science is reliable.⑥ Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peeringthrough a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity withinthe scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which“verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to befalse, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at theprice of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted andwere always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possibleresults of observation —in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would haveexpected.4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once youdevelop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of yourexperiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified,which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while atheory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied toevery situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory fromrefutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivableevent is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn moreabout what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para.D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlightappear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’tmatch up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that youmade a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a researchproject you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and isfollowed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defineswhat you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research(12) support(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) D(10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to theWest.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will beultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, whilethe latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying aproblem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment andreaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f 2) k 3) c 4) a 5) o 6) n 7) g8) e9) d10) m 11) i12) h13) j14) l15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas. 3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing onthe general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was tooacademic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselveslost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know thetruth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities andall crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d2) e3) a4) b5) c6) g7) f8) hSet 2: 1) d2) g3) e4) h5) b6) a7) c8) f5. Para. A (e)Para. B (b)Para. C (f)Para. D (a)Para. E (a)Para. F (a) Para. G (c) Para. H (g) Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c2) g3) h4) b5) f6) d7) a8) eSet 2: 1) c2) d3) g4) e5) a6) b7) f8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the factthat the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply takethem for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives toillustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2)The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafterdepended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science,technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe toChina in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstancethat the feudalism ofEurope and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally suddenrush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If greatachievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to thinkthat they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration(5) resurgent(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary 4. (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) B(5) A(6) A(7) C(8) D(9) B (10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century.(2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields. (10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success asfor more money.8. A. (1) C(2) B(3) D(4) D(5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese historyof science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries likefireworks, land mine-s，naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The。
(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英(2)
Unit 1Language building-upTask 1/Specialized vocabulary1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商2. 为他自己的收益而工作3. 技能与劳动力4. 制造塑料5. 私人交易6. 包装并定价7. 无形之手1. priced2. labor3. transactions4. gain5. labor; manufactured6. invisible hand7. distributorTask 2/Signpost language1. Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become —American(Line 2, Para.1).2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous, —something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4)3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6)Task 3/Formal English1. very many2. buying or selling3. a large group of4. more huge5. understand6. troubledUnit 2Language buildingTask 1:Part 1:1)无形之手；2）自由企业制度3）股东4）经济体制5）开发产品和服务6）市场力量；市场调节作用7）金融机构8）严重衰退9）破产10）mission11）stock price12）corporate motto13）assets14）maximize profits 15）financial systemPart 2：1)market forces2）financial institutions 3）free enterprise system 4）deep institutions5）invisible hand6）stockholder7）profit maximization 8）economic system Task 2：1.and；2.Another；3. also；4. Not only；but；5. otherTask 31. understanding；2. agree with；3. forces…to be accepted;4. bad5. purpose6. charitable ;7. given;8.famous.Unit 3Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1) 充满敬畏与感激；2）与外部世界隔离3）陷入绝境4）易感抑郁5）恢复体能6）界定性特征7）暂时的挫败8）不因挫败而心烦意乱9）竞选权位10）吹着欢快的曲调Part 2：1)bout 2）validated3）squabble 4）aptitude5）platitude 6）debilitate7）reassuring 8）undermine9）ruminate 10）martialTask 2：1.contrasting；2.in contrast；3. However；4. different；5. on the other hand6. in the opposite way7.howeverTask 31. full of；2. becomes alert and energetic3. keeping thinking about4. been left in hopelessness5. likely to suffer from6. not disturbed7. saying something that people are quite familiar with8. officially approvedUnit 4Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. green movement2. protected areas3. extinction of animals and plants4. wild fish stocks5. make clean power6. save resources7. 培育生物多样性8. 控制污染9. 阻止对生态体系的破坏10. 扩大清洁产业11. 集体世界观12. 生态经济Part 2：1. Embedding a narrative that moves us on from protecting nature from people to protecting nature for people is an essential part of this reframing. (Para.6)If such a narrative is to gain practical effect, then looking after nature must urgently be seen as not only an environmental challenge, but also an economic one. (Para.7)The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating keys words such as narrative, nature.2. So long as we continue to travel in two directions at once, promoting environmental goals on the one hand while on the other directly contradicting that with measures to achieve more economic growth, the longer we will fail to make real progress. (Para.7)When it comes to economics and ecology there is plenty of good thinking already done. (Para.8) The author manages to bring in a new topic and maintain coherence by repeating key words such as economic, economics.Task 3 Formal language1. unchangeable; increasing2. control3. effort; charitable4. pleasant detail5. complicated6. change7. Changing8. importantUnit 5Language buildingTask 1: collocationPart 1:1. having a mind2.behave as if you understand3.what and how we know4.inside;reflectsMentalist Dbehaviorist BEpistemologist Aphenomenologist CPart 21. psychological2.spiritual3.behaviour4.phenomenologist5.perplexity6.mentallyTask 2：…,classified…This class of…The class of……a less severe label…The huge classTask 31. what we imagine about computers today2.we have broken the distinction between ???3.for the sake of convenience so that it is easier to refer to the first type of response4. you have the same reason for thinking that M had a mind.5. (The reason you believe your mother has a mind is based) not on your prejudice6. as groundless as believing that computers have mindUnit 6Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. 数学化，数字处理2. 计算机辅助设计3. 统计4. 基因组学5. 运筹学6. 优化组合7. 概率8. 数据库Part 2：1. database2. CAD3. statistics4. probability5. optimization6. genomics7. mathematization8. Operations researchTask 2：1. Here are a few simple examples of prescriptive mathematics that extended from single numbers to exceedingly complex systems:…(Line 1,para.8,Text A)2. Admittedly this is rather vague, but it will clarify a bit as I go on and mention a few of the manyexamples that Baker gives:…(Line 8, para.10, Text A)Task 3 Formal language1. exists2. included3. explained4. model5. get6. environment7. knowledgeable person; in which8. until now9. fix ideas of (caution) in one’s mindUnit 7Task 1: Specialized vocabularyPart 11. -h2.-f3.-a4.-j5.-i6.-b7.-d8.-g9.-c10.-ePart 2：1. To achieve professional development isimportant as a means to the end of becoming an expert and gaining more flexibility and independence2. Numerous studies over the last 30 years have suggested that personality is a powerful predictor of a person's life satisfaction3. An employee's work orientation is shaped in the first instance by their understanding of “what work is about”4. The government is trying to introduce new measures to create a better social safety net and encourage better worker pay5. Money has been used as the incentive of many intelligence contests in TV programTask 2：1. The present perfect tense（现在完成时）emphasizes that people’s conception about what money can bring them has changed greatly2. The tense switches from the present to the past to manifest that an example is given3.The tense switches between the present and the past to produce a comparison of different interpretations of a “calling”in different timesTask 3 Formal language1. pour heart and soul into :spare no efforts,try one's bestwhat will stimulate\encourage a worker to try his best in making good products?2. lure：temptationgrueling：working exhaustedlyPeople are no longer so tempted by the dream of becoming rich by working exhaustedly 80 hours a week for several years in a humble position3. lowly job：humble jobrecrafted：turnedHe might be doing a humble job，but he would turn it into a great mission4. entails：requiresA career requires more devotion to work5. contributing to：being beneficial toconnotation：implicationPeople who regard their work as a calling\great mission think that what they do helps serve the public and brings benefits to our society，and therefore it's quite proper to say that a mission\calling implies something similar to religious beliefsUnit8Task 1 Specialized vocabulare1. cultural tradition 文化传统2. social stability 社会稳定3. distinct identity 鲜明特色4. edge effect 边缘效应5. organic evolution 有机界进化6. mutual respect 相互尊重7.political correctness 政治正确性anic evolution2. mutual respect3. Edge effect4. social stability5. political correctness6. cultural tradition7. distinct identityTask 2 Signpost language1. Through; through; through2. not just; but3. first4. second5. next6. final7.not only; but alsoTask 3 Formal English1. develop2. combined3. skillful performers4. obvious5. friendly6. getting rid of7. combine8. changed9. imagine10. a large number ofUnit 9Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 D 医疗2 J 基因分型3 F 内窥镜检查4 A 生物技术5 H 诊断6 C 分子的7 I 治疗方案8 E 医生9 G 外科医生的；手术的10 B 胶囊1 diagnosis2 surgical3 Biotechnology4 healthcare5 protocols6 molecularTask 2 Signpost language1 known as2 referred to as3 call4 describe5 meanTask 3 Formal English1 increases2 marked3 arrival/ coming4 replaced5 move away6 filledUnit 10Task 1 Specialized vocabulary1 b2 k3 f4 j5 g6 i7 e8 c9 h10 a11 d1 syntactic patterns2 Language faculty3 neural system4 underlying logic5 evolutionary adaptation6 formal instruction7 mental organ8 natural selectionTask 2 Signpost language1 for2 led to3 because4 Therefore5 Therefore6 because; because7 SoTask 3 Formal English1 explanation/interpretation; impacts2 is present all over; analyze/explain/interpret。
(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2--答案-上海交通大学出版-蔡基刚
综合学术英语教程2 答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to becomeexperts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the realworld.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.(Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci —and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ... However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’interest to go on reading.Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate(1) inspiring (2) generation (3) collaborative (4) aspiring (5) Intelligent(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological andmedical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way oflife.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adaptingto the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interestswell beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observationand experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence affects what is being studied.5) ①Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.②Science is exciting.③Science is useful.④Science is ongoing.⑤Science is reliable.⑥Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peeringthrough a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at the price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted and were always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possible results of observation —in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have expected.4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of your experiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified,which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a theory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory from refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn moreabout what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlightappear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’tmatch up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that youmade a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a researchproject you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and is followed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defines what you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research(12) support(1) methodical (2) commitment (3) achievable (4) assume (5) illogical(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) D(10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to theWest.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will beultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge. 2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me —I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, while the latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying a problem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment and reaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f2) k3) c4) a5) o6) n7) g8) e9) d10) m 11) i12) h13) j14) l15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas.3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing on the general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was too academic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselveslost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know the truth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities and all crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d2) e3) a4) b5) c6) g7) f8) hSet 2: 1) d2) g3) e4) h5) b6) a7) c8) f5. Para. A (e)Para. B (b)Para. C (f)Para. D (a)Para. E (a)Para. F (a)Para. G (c)Para. H (g)Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c2) g3) h4) b5) f6) d7) a8) eSet 2: 1) c2) d3) g4) e5) a6) b7) f8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the fact that the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply take them for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives toillustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2) The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafter depended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science, technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe toChina in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstance that the feudalism ofEurope and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If great achievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration(1) insightful (2) transformation (3) respectively (4) dazzling (5) resurgent(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary4. (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) B(5) A(6) A(7) C(8) D(9) B(10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century. (2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields.(10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success asfor more money.8. A. (1) C(2) B(3) D(4) D(5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese history of science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries like fireworks, land mine-s，naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The compass, originally in a crude form, was followed by a magnetic device and a magnetic needle for navigation in waters.C. (1) He accidentally stumbled upon f ireworks by mixing 3 routine kitchen ingredients —saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and ignited them.(2) The fireworks came to be used for auspicious occasions like wedding-s, religiousceremonies and to celebrate victories and achievements, and even as rocket fuel.(3) He was called the founder of f ire crackers.(4) The gun powder tubes were found to be strong enough to launch arrows and this is howthe rocket was conceptualized and used against the Mongolians in a Kai keng battle.(5) He wanted to see how these rockets could be used for transportation.D. (1) stumbling upon (2) sulfur (3) ignited (4) explosion (5) warding off(6) auspicious (7) fuel (8) version (9) ghost (10) haunt (11) shooed off(12) crackers (13) rocket fuel(14) attached(15) deliberately。
（超详细答案）综合学术英语教程2答案
（超详细答案）综合学术英语教程2答案综合学术英语教程2答案Un it 1 Multidiscipli nary Educati onKeys to the ExercisesApproach ing the Topic1. 1) The aim of college educati on is to produce in dividuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of in terest.2) The grow ing importa nee of produci ng professi on als who have the skills to work withpeople from a diverse set of discipli nes.3) First, through an in terdiscipli nary approach; Second, through a multidiscipli nary approach.4) College educati on should produce in dividuals who may later become expert who are interdiscipli nary problem solvers.2. 1) f 2) d 3) a 4) e 5) g 6) m 7) j 8) k 9) l 10) i 11) b 12) h 13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability ⑷ differe nt (5)即 proach(6) in creas in gly (7) graduates (8) en ter (9) positi ons (10) Employme nt6. 1) Multidiscipli nary studies.2) They both believe that curre nt college educatio n should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, which is a prerequisite to produc ing future expert who are in terdiscipli nary problem solvers.3) Ope n.4) Ope n.5) Ope n.Read ing about the Topic3. 1) The stude nts have brought to MIT their in dividual gifts, such as their own in tellect, en ergy, ideas, aspirati ons, dist inctive life experie nee and point of view, etc.2) They represe nt the geographic and symbolic cen ter of MIT.3) Names of in tellectual gia nts.4) Leon ardo da Vinci was a pain ter, scie ntist, engin eer, sculptor, i nven tor, city planner and architect.4. Set 1: 1) c 2) e 3) d 4) h 5) a 6) g 7) f 8) bSet 2: 1) e 2) a 3) h 4) b 5) c 6) f 7) d 8) g5. (b) Para. A (b) Para. B ⑻ Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in n ature became his ultimate sta ndard indesig n.2) First was da Vinci ' s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between differentf ields of knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci ' s character was his respect for andfascination with n ature. The third quality of da Vinci ' s character was an en thusiastic dema nd for han ds-on making, desig ning, practic ing and testi ng, and for solvi ng problems in the real world.3) “ There is a good chanee that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT. ” (Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the stude nts can en gage themselves in new in tellectual adve nturesso as to use their time at MIT to its fullest pote ntial.5) It means that “ They took the in itiative to search for the deepest an swers, in stead ofsitt ing back and letting things happen to them. ”7. Set 1: 1) h 2) d 3) a 4) g 5) f 6) e 7) b 8) cSet 2: 1) c 2) g 3) d 4) a 5) h 6) f 7) e 8) b8. 1) She wan ted to describe for the new stude nts three of his characteristics that particularlyf itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the stude nts can encoun ter the most stimulat ing minds and in spiring role models, experie nee a life in a com mun ity with diversif ied cultures and backgro unds and participate in various new in tellectual adve ntures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT educati on.3) The three of Da Vinci ' s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited bythe stude nts. She hoped that the new stude nts would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraord inary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest pote ntial.4) Multidiscipli nary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes bey ond discipli nary boun dariesin order to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Huma n ingenuity will n ever devise any inven ti ons more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose tha n Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vi nci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate sta ndard indesig n. (Para. B)3) Be as determ ined in your curiosity as Leon ardo da Vinci —— and you will use your timeat MIT to its fullest pote ntial. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passi on ate en gageme nt with the most important problems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishme nt rarely sat back and let thingshappe n to them. (Para. H)。
(完整版)学术综合英语课后答案
Unit 1C1.The younger generation should continue to sustain anddevelop our fine traditions and long-standing culture.2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearlyaware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view.3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills thatcollege students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your languagemore vivid and more attractive to your audience.5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce theimpression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easywords and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.7.When you write a paper, citing the views from some expertsis a good way to make your ideas more credible.8.A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker’s ideas clearly and interestingly.9.You should not blindly use a word that your are not sureabout, and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10.Y our language should adapt to the particular occasion andaudience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.英译汉：发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
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Unit 1C1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and developour fine traditions and long-standing culture.2. In the course of preparing one's speech, one should be clearlyaware of how one could make effective use of statistics andexamples to bolster one's point of view.3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that collegestudents should learn and develop through practice.4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your languagemore vivid and more attractive to your audience.5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce theimpression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing.6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easywords and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts isa good way to make your ideas more credible.8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its qualityand will help convey the speaker's ideas clearly andinterestingly.9. You should not blindly use a word that your are not sure about,and it you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary.10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion andaudience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful.英译汉：发言提纲是有效发言的基础。
通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法是关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的，通常准备演讲你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。
在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点。
发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给你一些帮助。
发言提纲还应包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。
在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰、易于辨认。
D（p17）汉译英：当你发表学术演讲时，首先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲的主要观点要明确，层次要清楚。
演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。
不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。
最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。
这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地进行你的演讲。
Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of al, getwell prepared for it. Then, you should make your major pointsclear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized.When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your languageshould be explicit. Don 't always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.Section C Writing PracticeTask 1Good morning, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen, It is my great pleasure on behalf of the university to extend our warm welcome to all the conference participants.It is a special honor for us to be holding the International Symposium on Computer Science at our university. Among the participants are well-known professors, scientists and scholars in this field. I believe that this symposium will offer a good opportunity for you to exchange your ideas, share your latest research achievements and further cooperation in the field of computer science as well.Also, to some extent, this symposium will help us to developcomputer science in your university and help push forward our research in this field.Finally, I hope the symposium will be a great success and I hope everyone will enjoy their stay here. Thank you!Task 3Ladies and gentlemen,Happy New Year to everybody!I am very happy to se all of you here to celebrate the arrival of the new year. In particular, I am delighted to have so many foreign professors, teachers and friends with us this evening.Last year, with the joint efforts of all the faculty members, we made some impressive achievements in both research and teaching. Some of our research and teaching programs have won awards at he national and provincial levels. We certainly owe these achievements to our colleagues and our foreign friends here.I 'd like to take this opportunity to express my thanks to you for what you have done for our university. Also, I 'd like to wish everyone good health and success in he new year. Now let me propose a toast. Happy New Year！Unit 2C1. Energy use should benefit global sustainability so that it cancontribute to long-term human well-being.2. Today, this consensus has given way to a variety of familystyles as a result of people living longer, marrying later, and divorcing more.3. Much of the current research entails close collaboration withindustry, which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.4. If we cannot pin down exactly what we are supposed to bemanaging, how can we manage it?5. The magnitude of urban migration in recent years is evidenceof more disturbing trends: the expanding gap between rich and poor, rapid population growth and increasing environmentaldegradation.6. The students perceived that the toxicity testing of an insecticideis on a par with that of a cosmetic.7. This presentation describes a large set of plausible goals, atleast one of which should be achieved within years.8. The practice of a strict environmental evaluation and a regularmonitoring system is central to the smooth progress of theproject.9. Even the very mediocre services and food at the beauty spotdid not detract from the enjoyment of the tourists.10. To finance her tow daughters who are both at college, shebegan making handicraft to augment the family income.汉译英：以上各种因素究竟如何影响能源供应的资金成本难以量化，部分原因是许多非环境因素实际上同环境因素相互交织在一起。