现在完成时教案

现在完成时讲解（两课时）

一、定义:现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成或仍在持续的动作、状态；强调对现在的影响或联系。

二、结构:have/has+p.p.(动词过去分词)

肯定句式现在完成时的肯定句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。如：

①We have just finished our homework．

②She has gone home．

注意：

1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。

2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。

3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。

否定句式：现在完成时的否定句式是“haven't（hasn't）＋过去分词”。如：

⑥We haven…t studied Unit 2 yet．

⑦The train hasn't stopped yet．

疑问句式现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。

③Have you read this story book yet？

特殊疑问句及反意疑问句结构如下：

④What have you done with my bike?

⑤You've read this story book, haven't you?

注意：1）现在完成时的一般疑问句往往在句末加yet。

2）把现在完成时的一般疑问句译成汉语时，

往往译成“……过吗？”、“已经……了吗？”等。

3）其肯定回答用“Yes，．．．have（has）．”，

否定回答用“No，．haven't（hasn't）．”，有时用“No，not yet．”或“No，never．”。

三、过去分词（规则＋ed）

1）Worked，visited，asked，played，stayed 2）liked lived moved

3）stopped dropped robbed planned，preferred 4）carried，worried，tried，cried

四、现在完成时常与一些词、词组连用:

1、ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、

yet（仍、还）、just （刚刚）、before（以前)

2、for +一段时间:for two days 有两天了

3. in the past/last＋一段时间:in the past ten years 在刚过去的十年里

4. since + 过去某一个时间:since 1991 : 自从1991年到现在

一段时间+ ago since 14 years ago: 自从14年前到现在

一般过去时句子: since I was born : 自从我出生到现在already, yet, ever, never, just的用法

Already 肯定句，强调已经的意,放句中或句末.

I have already finished my homework.

= I have finished my homework already.

yet 否定句、问句，表示还没，没有的意思,放句末

He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

Has he finished his homework yet?

ever 问句，表示曾经的意思Has John ever been to Zhuhai?

never 含否定意思的肯定句，表示从没的意思He has never been to China. just 肯定句，表示刚刚的意思I have just come back from China.

练习：用already, yet, ever, never, just填空

1. Have you seen the film ( )?

2. Have you done your homework ( )?-Not ( ), I will do it after

supper.

3. Have you ( ) been to England? -no, ( ).

4. I have ( ) finished reading the book.

5. I have ( ) paid for the car.

for, since及how long

For + 时间段：表示某个动作持续了多长时间

Joey has been in New York for 10 years.

Since + 时间点（具体时间/ … ago/ 某个动作发生的时间）：

表示某个动作是从什么时候开始的，间接地表示这个动作持续的时间

Joey has been in New York since 1996.

Joey has been in New York since ten years ago.

Joey has been in New York since he first arrived.

两者都可以回答由How long引导的问题。

How long has Joey been in New York?

练习：用for, since及how long填空

1. The wind has blown ( ) 2 hours.

2. The dog has stayed there ( ) it ate its dinner.

3. ( ) has the old man lain in bed?

4. The teacher has thought about the problem ( ) yesterday.

5. The horse has run ( ) quite a long time.

6. The ducks have swum ( ) thirty minutes.

7. The poor child has worn the old clothes ( ) 7 years old.

五、have been to, have gone to

Have (has) been to表示曾经到过某地（通常现在已经回来了）

My mother has been to London twice. 妈妈去过两次伦敦。（妈妈现在已经回来了，在家）

Have (has) gone to 表示已经去了某地（通常不在说话的地方）

My mother has gone to London. 妈妈去了伦敦。（妈妈现在就在伦敦，不在家）have been to, have been in, have been

Have been to 去过某地，现在不在那里

I have been to Paris. Now I am staying in Zhuhai.

Have been in 一直呆在某地，后接地点

I came to Zhuhai in 2004. So I have been in Zhuhai for 2 years already.

Have been 后接名词和表状态的词组

I have been a teacher since 2004.