土力学词汇英文翻译
岩土基本术语英汉对照
岩土基本术语英汉对照一、工程勘测岩土工程geotechnical engineering岩石工程rock engineering土力学soil mechanics岩石力学rock mechanics土动力学soil dynamics岩石动力学rock dynamics非饱和土力学unsaturated soil mechanics工程地质学engineering geology水文地质学hydrogeology地下水动力学groundwater dynamics环境岩土工程geoenvironmental engineering近海岩土工程offshore geotechnical engineering 灾害地质学disaster geology流变学rheology散体力学mechanics of granular media断裂力学fracture mechanics理论土力学theoretical soil mechanics计算土力学computational soil mechanics地貌geomorphology地貌单元landform unit平原plain丘陵hill山地mountain河谷阶地fluvial terrace冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron岩溶Karst岩土和地质构造地质环境geologic environment地质环境要素geologic environmental element岩石rock岩体rock mass岩浆岩（火成岩）magmatic rock，igneous rock 沉积岩sedimentary rock变质岩metamorphic rock新鲜岩石fresh rock完整岩石intack rock 风化岩weathered rock构造岩structural rock，tectonite结构面structural plane结构体structural block岩体结构类型structural type of rock mass 软弱结构面weak structural plane软弱夹层weak intercalated layer基岩bed rock土soil土体soil mass残积土residual soil坡积土talus，slope wash洪积土diluvial soil冲积土alluvial soil风积土aeolian deposit海积土marine soil特殊性土special soil软土soft clay淤泥muck淤泥质土mucky soil黄土loess湿陷性土collapsible soil红粘土lateritic soil；red clay分散性粘土dispersive clay膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil盐渍土saline soil有机质土organic soil泥炭质土peaty soil泥炭peat冻土frozen soil多年冻土perennially frozen soil季节冻土seasonally frozen soil人工填土fill，filled soil素填土plain fill杂填土miscellaneous fill，rubbish fill冲填土hydraulic fill，dredger fill压实填土compacted fill地质构造geological structure褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline断裂rupture，fracture裂隙fissure节理joint断层fault活断层active fault破碎带fracture zone产状attitude风化作用weathering风化壳weathered crust风化带weathered zone风化程度degree of weathering，intensity of weathering地表水surface water地下水groundwater包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interlayer water裂隙水fissure water不透水层impervious layer径流区runoff area地下径流subsurface runoff水头water head储水系数storage coefficient导水系数transmissivity给水度specific yield持水度water retaining capacity容水量water bearing capacity影响半径radius of influence弥散系数dispersion coefficient地下水化学类型chemical type of groundwater地下水总矿化度total mineralization of groundwater地下水硬度groundwater hardness地下水腐蚀性groundwater corrosivity地下水污染roundwater pollution地下水等水位线图contour map of groundwater水文地质勘察hydrogeological investigation水文地质测绘hydrogeological survey，hydrogeological surveying and mapping水文地质钻探hydrogeological drilling岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigations 工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping工程地质勘探engineering geological prospecting岩芯采取率core recovery取土器soil sampler薄壁取土器thin wall sampler厚壁取土器thick wall sampler不扰动土样undisturbed soil sample扰动土样disturbed soil sample土试样质量等级quality grade of soil samples坑探pit exploration地球物理勘探geophysical exploration电法勘探electrical exploration磁法勘探magnetic exploration电磁法electromagnetic geophysical exploration探地雷达法ground penetrating radar method（GPR）地震勘探seismic exploration声波探测acoustic exploration红外探测infrared detection遥感勘测remote sensing prospecting原位测试in-situ testing平板载荷试验plate loading test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate loading test旁压试验pressuremeter test（PMT）扁铲侧胀试验flat dilatometer test（DMT）静力触探试验cone penetration test（CPT）孔压静力触探试验piezocone test，piezocone penetration test （CPTU）圆锥动力触探试验dynamic penetration test（DPT）标准贯入试验standard penetration test（SPT）十字板剪切试验vane test，vane shear test（VST）原位直接剪切试验in-situ shear test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method水力劈裂法hydraulic fracturing technique波速测试wave velocity test抽水试验pumping test注水试验water injection test渗水试验infiltration test;pit permeability test压水试验pump-in test连通试验connecting test弥散试验dispersion test水质分析chemical and physical analysis of water勘察成果与评价岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report勘察阶段investigation stage工程地质单元engineering geological unit工程地质图engineering geologic map综合工程地质图comprehensive engineering geologic map综合柱状图composite columnar section工程地质剖面图engineering geological profile探坑展示图extension chart of pit & shaft赤平极射投影polar-sterometric projection岩土工程分级classification of geotechnical projects岩土工程评价geotechnical evaluation工程测量engineering survey精密工程测量precise engineering survey高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss-Krueger plane rectangular coordinate system独立坐标系independent coordinate system高程elevation; height国家高程基准National Height Datum 1985水准测量leveling精密水准测量precise leveling测量标志surveying mark基准点datum point工作基点operating control point监测网monitoring control network限差tolerance点位误差position error 点位中误差mean square error of points相对中误差relative mean square error现场监测与检测现场监测in-situ monitoring原型监测prototype monitoring现场检测in-situ inspection地下水监测groundwater monitoring地下水动态观测groundwater dynamic observation孔隙水压力监测pore water pressure monitoring土压力监测earth pressure test岩土体位移监测displacement monitoring for soil and rock地面沉降监测ground subsidence monitoring地基变形监测ground deformation monitoring岩土体测斜inclination monitoring for soil and rock分层沉降观测layered settlement observation围岩收敛观测ambient rock convergence monitoring岩土环境污染监测monitoring for geotechnical environment pollution基槽检验foundation trench inspection桩底沉渣检测sludge measurement for bored pile锚杆基本试验basic tests of anchor锚杆验收试验anchor acceptance test土钉抗拔检测pull-out test of soil nail地下连续墙质量检测test of diaphragm wall复合地基载荷试验loading test of composite foundation二、岩土基本特性与室内试验土的组构soil fabric土的结构soil structure土骨架soil skeleton比表面积specific surface孔隙水pore water自由水free water重力水gravitational water毛细管水capillary water吸着水absorbed water粒径grain size粒径分布曲线grain size distribution curve 限制粒径constrained grain size有效粒径effective grain size粒组fraction巨粒类土over coarse-grained soil粗粒类土coarse-grained soil 细粒类土fine-grained soil漂石（块石）boulder（stone block）卵石（碎石）cobble砾类土gravelly soil砂类土sandy soil粉粒土silt soil黏粒土clay soil细粒土fines含粗粒的细粒土fines with coarse粉土silt粘性土cohesive soil无粘性土cohesionless soil不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity 曲率系数coefficient of curvature级配gradation良好级配土well-grade soil不良级配土poorly-grade soil不连续级配土gap-grade soil土试样soil specimen室内试验laboratory test含水率water content密度density重度unit weight土粒比重specific gravity of soil particle三相图three phase diagram孔隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio临界孔隙比critical void ratio饱和度degree of saturation饱和土saturated soil非饱和土unsaturated soil颗粒分析试验particle size analysis稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index缩性指数shrinkage index活动性指数activity index塑性图plasticity chart膨胀力swelling force膨胀率swelling ratio自由膨胀率free swelling ratio线缩率linear shrinkage ratio体缩率volume shrinkage ratio冻胀frost heave冻胀力frost-heaving pressure冻胀量frost-heave capacity融陷性thaw collapsibility相对密度relative density压实性compactibility击实试验compaction test最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水率optimum moisture content压实度degree of compaction加州承载比California Bearing Ratio（CBR）土体渗透性permeability of soil渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透试验permeability test 达西定律Darcy’s law水力梯度hydraulic gradient临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient渗流seepage渗透力seepage force压缩性compressibility固结consolidation单向固结unidirectional consolidation主固结primary consolidation次固结secondary consolidationK0 固结K0-consolidation固结试验consolidation test压缩系数coefficient of compressibility体积压缩系数coefficient of volume compressibility压缩指数compression index压缩模量constrained modulus回弹指数swelling index回弹模量rebound modulus固结度degree of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure超固结比overconsolidation ratio（OCR）正常固结土normally consolidated soil超固结土over consolidated soil欠固结土underconsolidated soil湿陷性collapsibility湿陷变形collapse deformation黄土湿陷试验collapsibility test of loess湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure抗剪强度shear strength灵敏度sensitivity剪切试验shear test直剪试验direct shear test快剪试验quick shear test固结快剪试验consolidated quick shear test慢剪试验slow shear test无侧限抗压强度unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compressive strength test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test不固结不排水三轴试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test 固结不排水三轴试验consolidated-undrained triaxial test固结排水三轴试验consolidated-drained triaxial test三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test强度包线strength envelope粘聚力cohesion内摩擦角internal friction angle天然休止角natural angle of repose触变性thixotropy剪胀性dilatancy应变软化strain softening应变硬化strain hardening破坏强度failure strength塑性破坏plastic failure脆性破坏brittle failure峰值强度peak strength残余强度residual strength孔隙水压力系数pore pressure parameter应力路径stress path应力路径试验stress path test真三轴试验true triaxial test平面应变试验plane strain test单剪试验simple shear test扭剪试验torsional shear test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test共振柱试验resonant column test土工离心模型试验geotechnical centrifugal model test岩体结构structure of rock mass岩块block岩石分类rock classification工程岩体engineering rock mass岩体结构面（不连续面）structural plane（discontinuity）结构面迹长trace of structural plane结构面密度density of structural plane原生结构面primary structure plane构造结构面constructive structure plane次生结构面secondary structure plane结构面分级classification of structure plane不连续岩体discontinuous rock mass延续性continuity粗糙度roughness张开度（开度）aperture充填物filling substance岩石物理性质physical properties of rock岩石力学性质mechanical properties of rock 岩石颗粒密度particle density of rock岩石块体密度block density of rock岩石含水率water content of rock岩石吸水率water-absorption of rock岩石饱和吸水率saturated water-absorption of rock节理连通率joint persistence ratio岩体体积节理数volumetric joint count of rock mass抗压强度compressive strength单轴抗压强度single axis compressive strength单轴抗压强度试验single axis compressive strength test单轴压缩变形试验single axis compression deformation test三轴抗压强度triaxial compressive strength三轴压缩强度试验triaxial compressive strength test压剪试验compressive shear test岩体直剪试验direct shear test of rock mass岩体结构面直剪试验direct shear test of structural plane抗剪断强度shearing strength抗剪试验anti-shear test抗切强度anti-cut strength抗切试验anti-cut test摩擦强度friction strength结构面的面摩擦强度surface friction strength of structure plane抗拉强度tensile strength岩石抗拉强度试验tensile strength test of rock抗弯试验bending test劈裂试验（巴西试验）split test点荷载强度试验point load strength test岩石膨胀压力swelling pressure of rock岩石自由膨胀率free swelling ratio of rock岩石侧向约束膨胀率lateral restraint swelling ratio of rock岩石膨胀性试验swelling test of rock岩石耐崩解性试验disintegration-resistance test of rock长期模量long-term modulus长期强度long-term strength抗冻性系数软化系数softening coefficient疲劳强度fatigue strength弹性后效delayed elasticity应力松弛stress relaxation松弛时间relaxation time流动特性flow behavior蠕变creep剪胀shear dilatation风化weathering泥化mudding泥化夹层siltized intercalation/muddy intercalation卸荷变形unloading deformation粘滞系数coefficient of viscosity微裂纹micro crack岩爆rock burst岩体初始应力（原岩应力）initial rock stress（geostress）初始应力场initial stress field尺度效应scale effect岩石扩容dilatancy of rock岩石声发射acoustic emission of rock 应力解除法stress-relief method应力恢复法stress restoration method高压压水试验high pressure water test岩体原位应力测试in-situ rock stress test承压板法试验bearing plate test钻孔变形试验borehole deformation test狭缝法试验slit method test岩体声波速度测试acoustic speed test of rock mass岩石坚硬程度hardness degree of rock岩石质量指标rock quality designation （RQD）岩体基本质量rock mass basic quality（BQ）岩体基本质量分级classification of rock mass basic quality三基本理论与计算分析半无限弹性体semi-infinite elastic body中心荷载（轴心荷载）central load偏心荷载eccentric load集中荷载（点荷载）concentrated load均布荷载uniformly distributed load条形荷载strip load线荷载line load交变荷载alternating load周期荷载cyclic load瞬时荷载transient load动荷载dynamic load体积力body force表面力surface force覆盖压力overburden pressure超载surcharge应力分布stress distribution应力集中stress concentration自重应力geostatic stress，self-weight stress基底压力（接触压力）contact pressure附加应力additional stress，superimposed stress 基底附加压力additional stress on the base剪应变shear strain体应变volumetric strain弹性应变elastic strain塑性应变plastic strain弹性模量（杨氏模量）modulus of elasticity变形模量modulus of deformation剪切模量shear modulus泊松比Poisson’s ratio 体积模量bulk modulus文克勒假定Winkler’s assumption沉降settlement沉降计算深度settlement calculation depth最终沉降final settlement初始沉降（瞬时沉降）immediate settlement主固结沉降primary consolidation settlement次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement 固结沉降consolidation settlement不均匀沉降non-uniform settlement容许沉降allowable settlement工后沉降settlement after construction沉降速率rate of settlement太沙基固结理论Terzaghi’s consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Biot’s consolidation theory地基回弹rebound of foundation基坑底隆胀heaving of the bottom塑流plastic flow屈服yield屈服面yield surface应力空间stress space应变空间strain space应力历史stress history临塑荷载critical edge pressure塑性平衡状态state of plastic equilibrium塑性区plastic zone整体剪切破坏general shear failure局部剪切破坏local shear failure冲剪破坏punching shear failure容许承载力allowable bearing capacity承载力因数bearing capacity factors极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity块体理论block theory岩石的强度理论strength theory of rock摩尔-库仑定律Mohr-Coulomb Law极限平衡状态limit equilibrium极限平衡条件limit equilibrium condition有效应力原理principle of effective stress总应力total stress有效应力effective stress孔隙压力pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙压力比pore pressure ratio静水压力hydrostatic pressure超静水压力excess pore water pressure扬压力uplift pressure浮托力buoyancy稳定渗流steady seepage流网flow net流线flow line等势线equipotential line浸润线phreatic line渗透稳定性seepage stability长期稳定性long-term stability临界高度critical height（of slope）土的液化soil liquefaction液化势liquefaction potential液化破坏理论liquefaction failure theory渐近破坏progressive failure渐进破坏理论progressive failure theory凯塞效应Kaiser effect布辛涅斯克理论Boussinesq theory明德林解Mindlin’s solution角点法corner-point method分层总和法layerwise summation method沉降曲线settlement curve固结曲线consolidation curve摩尔-库仑破坏准则Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion 屈服准则yield criteria屈列斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criteria米塞斯屈服准则Mises yield criteria格里菲斯强度准则Griffith’s strength criterion 应力水平stress level极限平衡法limit equilibrium method库尔曼图解法Kuhlman Graphic安全系数factor of safety稳定分析stability analysis总应力法total stress analysis有效应力法effective stress analysis主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest被动土压力passive earth pressure库仑土压力理论Coulomb’s earth pressure theory朗肯土压力理论Rankine’s earth pressure theory条分法method of slice瑞典圆弧法Swedish circle method毕肖普简化条分法Bishop’s simplified method of slice稳定数stability number邓肯-张模型Duncan-Chang Model剑桥模型（临界状态模型）Cam-Clay model有限元法Finite Element Method（FEM）有限差分法Finite Difference Method（FDM）边界元法Boundary Element Method（BEM）离散元法Distinct Element Method（DEM）地基处理ground treatment，soil improvement置换法replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification，compacting排水固结法consolidation，preloading灌入固化物法grouting curing material method加筋法reinforced method托换法underpinning复合地基composite ground，composite subgrade，composite foundation土工合成材料geosynthetics岩土锚固ground anchors, anchorage垫层cushion强夯置换法dynamic replacement褥垫法pillow抛石挤淤法rock filling replacement爆破挤淤法blasting replacement爆夯法blasting compaction轻量填土法light weight filling碾压法compaction by rolling强夯法dynamic consolidation，dynamic compaction振冲法vibro-flotation挤密砂（碎石）桩法densification by sand pile爆炸加密法densification by explosion振动压实法vibro-compaction排水砂井sand drain袋装砂井packed drain,fabric-enclosed drain塑料排水板（带）prefabricated strip drain，geodrain堆载预压法preloading真空预压法vacuum preloading真空堆载联合预压法vacuum combined surcharge preloading 电渗法electro-osmosis method砂垫层sand cushion水泥（稳定）土cement stabilization灰土lime treated soil高压喷射注浆法jet groutin挤密注浆法compaction grouting method深层搅拌法deep mixing method灌浆grouting固结灌浆consolidation grouting帷幕灌浆curtain grouting化学灌浆chemical grouting劈裂灌浆hydrofracture grouting土钉soil nailing铺网法fabric sheet reinforced earth加筋土reinforced earth纤维土textsoil，fiber soil纠倾托换rectification underpinning坑式托换pit underpinning桩基托换piles underpinning灌浆托换grouting underpinning锚杆静压桩托换pressed pile underpinning顶升纠倾jack-up leaning rectification堆载加压纠倾surcharge learning rectification掏土纠倾digging-out soil leaning rectification柔性桩复合地基flexible piles composite foundation刚性桩复合地基rigid piles composite foundationgranular material piles composite foundation长短桩复合地基long-short piles composite foundation大直径现浇混凝土管桩复合地基composite foundation of cast-in-place concrete large-diameter pipe pile桩网地基pile supported subgrade灰土挤密桩法compacted lime-soil pile石灰桩法lime pile砂石桩法sand-gravel pile水泥土桩法cement soil pile水泥粉煤灰碎石桩法cement-flyash-gravel pile (CFG pile) 桩土应力比stress ratio荷载分担比bearing ratio复合地基置换率replacement ratio土工合成材料土工织物geotextile织造土工织物woven geotextile非织造土工织物nonwoven geotextile土工膜geomenbrane土工格栅geogrid土工格室geocell土工模袋geofabriform土工复合材料geocomposite聚苯乙烯发泡材料expanded polystyrene (EPS）反滤filtration隔离separation防护protection等效孔径equivalent opening size (EOS)老化aging锚杆（索）anchor，anchorag tendon土层锚杆anchored bar in soil岩石锚杆rock anchor系统锚杆system of anchor bars预应力锚杆prestressed anchor非预应力锚杆non-prestressed anchor拉力型锚杆tensioned anchor压力型锚杆pressured anchor拉力分散型锚杆tensioned multiple-head anchor压力分散型锚杆pressured multiple-head anchor自由段unbonded tendon锚固段bonded tendon四、基础工程柔性基础flexible foundation弹性基础elastic foundation无筋扩展基础non-reinforced spread foundation 刚性基础（rigidity foundation）。
土力学英语
1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水 groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土。
最新土力学中英翻译
土力学中英翻译........................................Soil Mechanics 土力学Geotechnical Engineering 岩土工程Stress 应力,Strain 应变Settlement 沉降,Displacement 位移,Deformation 变形Consolidation 固结,Seepage 渗流Effective Stress 有效应力,Total Stress总应力Excess Pore Water Pressure 超孔隙水压力Shear Strength 抗剪强度,Stability 稳定性Bearing Capacity 承载力Consistency 稠度Coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数Thixotropy 触变Single-grained structure 单粒结构Honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构Dry unit weight 干重度Plasticity index 塑性指数Water content,moisture content 含水量Gradation,grading 级配Bound water,combined water, held water 结合水Particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 颗粒级配Sensitivity of cohesive soil 粘性土的灵敏度Mean diameter，average grain diameter 平均粒径Coefficient of curvature 曲率系数Void ratio 孔隙比Clay粘土Cohesionless soil 无粘性土Cohesive soil 粘性土Activity indexAtterberg limits 界限含水率Liquid limit 液限Plastic limit 塑限Shrinkage limit 缩限Unsaturated soil 非饱和土Secondary mineral 次生矿物Eluvial soil, residual soil 残积土Silty clay 粉质粘土Degree of saturation 饱和度Saturated density 饱和密度Specific gravity 比重Unit weight 重度Coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数Block/skeletal/three phase diagram 三相图Critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度Seepage 渗流Seepage discharge 渗流量Seepage velocity 渗流速度Seepage force 渗透力Darcy’s law 达西定律Piping 管涌Permeability 渗透性Coefficient of permeability 渗透系数Seepage failure 渗透破坏Phreatic 浸润线Flowing soil 流土Hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度Flow function 流函数Flow net 流网Sand boiling 砂沸Potential function 势函数Capillary water 毛细水Constant/falling head test 常/变水头试验Modulus of deformation 变形模量Poisson’s ratio 泊松比Residual deformation 残余变形Excess pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力Settlement 沉降Coefficient of secondary consolidation 次固结系数Elastic formula for settlement calculation 地基沉降的弹性力学公式Layerwise summation method 分层总和法Superimposed stress 附加应力Secant modulus 割线模量Consolidation settlement 固结沉降Settlement calculation by specification 规范沉降计算法Rebound deformation 回弹变形Modulus of resilience 回弹模量Coefficient of resilience 回弹系数Swelling index 回弹指数Allowable settlement of building 建筑物的地基变形允许值Corner-points method 角点法Tangent modulus 切线模量。
土建中英语词汇
1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method基础工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层（台）glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 海积层（台）marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike, dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section 3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒结构single-grained structure蜂窝结构honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, grainness, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的结构soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction絮状结构flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boiling渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution残余变形residual deformation残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩性compressibility压缩指数compression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure次固结secondary consolidation次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect潜变（台）creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密（台）consolidation压密度（台）degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction残余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规则flow rule摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model屈服面yield surface沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model 谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性模型elastic model魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model 文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类反分析法back analysis method1. 综合类基础工程foundation engineering1. 综合类临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics1. 综合类数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 综合类土soil, earth1. 综合类土动力学soil dynamics1. 综合类土力学soil mechanics1. 综合类岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 综合类应力路径stress path1. 综合类应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock2. 工程地质及勘察标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 工程地质及勘察冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察冰积层（台）glacial deposit2. 工程地质及勘察残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 工程地质及勘察层理beding2. 工程地质及勘察长石feldspar2. 工程地质及勘察沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察承压水confined water2. 工程地质及勘察次生矿物secondary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察地质年代geological age2. 工程地质及勘察地质图geological map2. 工程地质及勘察地下水groundwater2. 工程地质及勘察断层fault2. 工程地质及勘察断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质及勘察工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 2. 工程地质及勘察海积层（台）marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察海相沉积marine deposit2. 工程地质及勘察花岗岩granite2. 工程地质及勘察滑坡landslide2. 工程地质及勘察化石fossil2. 工程地质及勘察化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 工程地质及勘察阶地terrace2. 工程地质及勘察节理joint2. 工程地质及勘察解理cleavage2. 工程地质及勘察喀斯特karst2. 工程地质及勘察矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 工程地质及勘察砾岩conglomerate2. 工程地质及勘察流滑flow slide2. 工程地质及勘察陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 工程地质及勘察泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 工程地质及勘察年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 工程地质及勘察凝灰岩tuff2. 工程地质及勘察牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 工程地质及勘察浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 工程地质及勘察潜水ground water2. 工程地质及勘察侵入岩intrusive rock2. 工程地质及勘察取土器geotome2. 工程地质及勘察砂岩sandstone2. 工程地质及勘察砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 工程地质及勘察山岩压力rock pressure2. 工程地质及勘察深成岩plutionic rock2. 工程地质及勘察石灰岩limestone2. 工程地质及勘察石英quartz2. 工程地质及勘察松散堆积物rickle2. 工程地质及勘察围限地下水（台）confined ground water 2. 工程地质及勘察泻湖lagoon2. 工程地质及勘察岩爆rock burst2. 工程地质及勘察岩层产状attitude of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩脉dike, dgke2. 工程地质及勘察岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 工程地质及勘察岩石构造structure of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩石结构texture of rock2. 工程地质及勘察岩体rock mass2. 工程地质及勘察页岩shale2. 工程地质及勘察原生矿物primary mineral2. 工程地质及勘察云母mica2. 工程地质及勘察造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 工程地质及勘察褶皱fold, folding2. 工程地质及勘察钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil3. 土的分类超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类冲填土dredger fill3. 土的分类充重塑土3. 土的分类冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 土的分类非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 土的分类分散性土dispersive soil3. 土的分类粉土silt, mo3. 土的分类粉质粘土silty clay3. 土的分类高岭石kaolinite3. 土的分类过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil3. 土的分类红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 土的分类黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 土的分类蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 土的分类泥炭peat, bog muck3. 土的分类年粘土clay3. 土的分类年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 土的分类膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 土的分类欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 土的分类区域性土zonal soil3. 土的分类人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 土的分类软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 土的分类砂土sand3. 土的分类湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 土的分类素填土plain fill3. 土的分类塑性图plasticity chart3. 土的分类碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, deritus 3. 土的分类未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay3. 土的分类无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 土的分类岩石rock3. 土的分类伊利土illite3. 土的分类有机质土organic soil3. 土的分类淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 土的分类淤泥质土mucky soil3. 土的分类原状土undisturbed soil3. 土的分类杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 土的分类正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 土的分类自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质饱和度degree of saturation4. 土的物理性质饱和密度saturated density4. 土的物理性质饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 土的物理性质比重specific gravity4. 土的物理性质稠度consistency4. 土的物理性质不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient4. 土的物理性质触变thixotropy4. 土的物理性质单粒结构single-grained structure4. 土的物理性质蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 土的物理性质干重度dry unit weight4. 土的物理性质干密度dry density4. 土的物理性质塑性指数plasticity index4. 土的物理性质含水量water content, moisture content4. 土的物理性质活性指数4. 土的物理性质级配gradation, grading4. 土的物理性质结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 土的物理性质界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 土的物理性质颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil 4. 土的物理性质可塑性plasticity4. 土的物理性质孔隙比void ratio4. 土的物理性质孔隙率porosity4. 土的物理性质粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 土的物理性质粒组fraction, size fraction4. 土的物理性质毛细管水capillary water4. 土的物理性质密度density4. 土的物理性质密实度compactionness4. 土的物理性质年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 土的物理性质平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 土的物理性质曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 土的物理性质三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram4. 土的物理性质三相土tri-phase soil4. 土的物理性质湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 土的物理性质湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 土的物理性质缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的物理性质土的构造soil texture4. 土的物理性质土的结构soil structure4. 土的物理性质土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土的物理性质土中气air in soil4. 土的物理性质土中水water in soil4. 土的物理性质团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 土的物理性质限定粒径constrained diameter4. 土的物理性质相对密度relative density, density index4. 土的物理性质相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compaction, coefficient of compaction4. 土的物理性质絮状结构flocculent structure4. 土的物理性质压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 土的物理性质压缩性compressibility4. 土的物理性质液限liquid limit4. 土的物理性质液性指数liquidity index4. 土的物理性质游离水（台）free water4. 土的物理性质有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 土的物理性质有效密度effective density4. 土的物理性质有效重度effective unit weight4. 土的物理性质重力密度unit weight4. 土的物理性质自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water4. 土的物理性质组构fabric4. 土的物理性质最大干密度maximum dry density4. 土的物理性质最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law5. 渗透性和渗流管涌piping5. 渗透性和渗流浸润线phreatic line5. 渗透性和渗流临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient5. 渗透性和渗流流函数flow function5. 渗透性和渗流流土flowing soil5. 渗透性和渗流流网flow net5. 渗透性和渗流砂沸sand boiling5. 渗透性和渗流渗流seepage5. 渗透性和渗流渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗透性和渗流渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透性和渗流渗透力seepage force5. 渗透性和渗流渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透性和渗流渗透系数coefficient of permeability5. 渗透性和渗流渗透性permeability5. 渗透性和渗流势函数potential function5. 渗透性和渗流水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation6. 地基应力和变形变形模量modulus of deformation6. 地基应力和变形泊松比Poisson s ratio6. 地基应力和变形布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution6. 地基应力和变形残余变形residual deformation6. 地基应力和变形残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形沉降settlement6. 地基应力和变形沉降比settlement ratio6. 地基应力和变形次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation6. 地基应力和变形地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 6. 地基应力和变形分层总和法layerwise summation method6. 地基应力和变形负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形附加应力superimposed stress6. 地基应力和变形割线模量secant modulus6. 地基应力和变形固结沉降consolidation settlement6. 地基应力和变形规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification6. 地基应力和变形回弹变形rebound deformation6. 地基应力和变形回弹模量modulus of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹系数coefficient of resilience6. 地基应力和变形回弹指数swelling index6. 地基应力和变形建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building6. 地基应力和变形剪胀dilatation6. 地基应力和变形角点法corner-points method6. 地基应力和变形孔隙气压力pore air pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙水压力pore water pressure6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A6. 地基应力和变形孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B6. 地基应力和变形明德林解Mindlin s solution6. 地基应力和变形纽马克感应图Newmark chart6. 地基应力和变形切线模量tangent modulus6. 地基应力和变形蠕变creep6. 地基应力和变形三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 6. 地基应力和变形瞬时沉降immediate settlement6. 地基应力和变形塑性变形plastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性变形elastic deformation6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性模量elastic modulus6. 地基应力和变形谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium6. 地基应力和变形体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus6. 地基应力和变形先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure6. 地基应力和变形压缩层6. 地基应力和变形压缩模量modulus of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩系数coefficient of compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩性compressibility6. 地基应力和变形压缩指数compression index6. 地基应力和变形有效应力effective stress6. 地基应力和变形自重应力self-weight stress6. 地基应力和变形总应力total stress approach of shear strength6. 地基应力和变形最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory7. 固结比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory7. 固结超固结比over-consolidation ratio7. 固结超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure7. 固结次固结secondary consolidation7. 固结次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin7. 固结单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation7. 固结多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation7. 固结固结consolidation7. 固结固结度degree of consolidation7. 固结固结理论theory of consolidation7. 固结固结曲线consolidation curve7. 固结固结速率rate of consolidation7. 固结固结系数coefficient of consolidation7. 固结固结压力consolidation pressure7. 固结回弹曲线rebound curve7. 固结井径比drain spacing ratio7. 固结井阻well resistance7. 固结曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect7. 固结潜变（台）creep7. 固结砂井sand drain7. 固结砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground7. 固结时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method7. 固结时间因子time factor7. 固结太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory7. 固结太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation7. 固结先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure7. 固结压密（台）consolidation7. 固结压密度（台）degree of consolidation7. 固结压缩曲线cpmpression curve7. 固结一维固结one dimensional consolidation7. 固结有效应力原理principle of effective stress7. 固结预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure7. 固结原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve7. 固结再压缩曲线recompression curve7. 固结主固结primary consolidation7. 固结主压密（台）primary consolidation7. 固结准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressure7. 固结K0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose8. 抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength8. 抗剪强度残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度残余强度residual strength8. 抗剪强度长期强度long-term strength8. 抗剪强度单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test8. 抗剪强度动强度dynamic strength of soils8. 抗剪强度峰值强度peak strength8. 抗剪强度伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter8. 抗剪强度剪切应变速率shear strain rate8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度shear strength8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 8. 抗剪强度抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength8. 抗剪强度库仑方程Coulomb s equation8. 抗剪强度摩尔包线Mohr s envelope8. 抗剪强度摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory8. 抗剪强度内摩擦角angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度年粘聚力cohesion8. 抗剪强度破裂角angle of rupture8. 抗剪强度破坏准则failure criterion8. 抗剪强度十字板抗剪强度vane strength8. 抗剪强度无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength8. 抗剪强度有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction8. 抗剪强度有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept8. 抗剪强度有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter8. 抗剪强度有效应力原理principle of effective stress8. 抗剪强度真内摩擦角true angle internal friction8. 抗剪强度真粘聚力true cohesion8. 抗剪强度总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope8. 抗剪强度总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model9. 本构模型边界面模型boundary surface model9. 本构模型层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model9. 本构模型超弹性模型hyperelastic model9. 本构模型德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion9. 本构模型邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model9. 本构模型动剪切强度9. 本构模型非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model9. 本构模型盖帽模型cap model9. 本构模型刚塑性模型rigid plastic model9. 本构模型割线模量secant modulus9. 本构模型广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion 9. 本构模型广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion9. 本构模型加工软化work softening9. 本构模型加工硬化work hardening9. 本构模型加工硬化定律strain harding law9. 本构模型剑桥模型Cambridge model9. 本构模型柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model9. 本构模型拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model9. 本构模型拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion9. 本构模型理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model9. 本构模型临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model9. 本构模型流变学模型rheological model9. 本构模型流动规则flow rule9. 本构模型摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model9. 本构模型内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory9. 本构模型年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model9. 本构模型切线模量tangent modulus9. 本构模型清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model9. 本构模型屈服面yield surface9. 本构模型沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method 9. 本构模型双参数地基模型9. 本构模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion9. 本构模型双曲线模型hyperbolic model9. 本构模型松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion9. 本构模型塑性形变理论9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix9. 本构模型谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory9. 本构模型谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model9. 本构模型谈弹性变形elastic deformation9. 本构模型谈弹性模量elastic modulus9. 本构模型谈弹性模型elastic model9. 本构模型魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model9. 本构模型文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model9. 本构模型修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model9. 本构模型准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure10. 地基承载力次层（台）substratum10. 地基承载力地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil10. 地基承载力地基稳定性stability of foundation soil10. 地基承载力汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium10. 地基承载力加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio10. 地基承载力局部剪切破坏local shear failure10. 地基承载力临塑荷载critical edge pressure10. 地基承载力梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula 10. 地基承载力太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory10. 地基承载力魏锡克极限承载力公式V esic s ultimate bearing capacity formula10. 地基承载力整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure11. 土压力被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure11. 土压力极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium11. 土压力静止土压力earth pressue at rest11. 土压力静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest11. 土压力库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory11. 土压力库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction11. 土压力朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory11. 土压力朗肯状态Rankine state11. 土压力谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium11. 土压力土压力earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力active earth pressure11. 土压力主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析毕肖普法Bishop method12. 土坡稳定分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope12. 土坡稳定分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method12. 土坡稳定分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices12. 土坡稳定分析库尔曼法Culmann method12. 土坡稳定分析摩擦圆法friction circle method12. 土坡稳定分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method12. 土坡稳定分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope12. 土坡稳定分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method12. 土坡稳定分析斯宾赛法Spencer method12. 土坡稳定分析泰勒法Taylor method12. 土坡稳定分析条分法slice method12. 土坡稳定分析土坡slope12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 12. 土坡稳定分析休止角angle of repose12. 土坡稳定分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method12. 土坡稳定分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity13. 土的动力性质波的弥散特性dispersion of waves13. 土的动力性质波速法wave velocity method13. 土的动力性质材料阻尼material damping13. 土的动力性质初始液化initial liquefaction13. 土的动力性质地基固有周期natural period of soil site13. 土的动力性质动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils13. 土的动力性质动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq13. 土的动力性质动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor13. 土的动力性质动力性质dynamic properties of soils13. 土的动力性质动强度dynamic strength of soils13. 土的动力性质骨架波akeleton waves in soils13. 土的动力性质几何阻尼geometric damping13. 土的动力性质抗液化强度liquefaction stress13. 土的动力性质孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil13. 土的动力性质损耗角loss angle13. 土的动力性质往返活动性reciprocating activity13. 土的动力性质无量纲频率dimensionless frequency13. 土的动力性质液化liquefaction13. 土的动力性质液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential13. 土的动力性质液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction13. 土的动力性质应力波stress waves in soils13. 土的动力性质振陷dynamic settlement13. 土的动力性质阻尼damping of soil13. 土的动力性质阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall14. 挡土墙挡土墙排水设施14. 挡土墙挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall14. 挡土墙垛式挡土墙14. 挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall14. 挡土墙基础墙foundation wall14. 挡土墙加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead14. 挡土墙锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall14. 挡土墙锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall14. 挡土墙重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile15. 板桩结构物板桩结构sheet pile structure15. 板桩结构物钢板桩steel sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile15. 板桩结构物钢桩steel pile15. 板桩结构物灌注桩cast-in-place pile15. 板桩结构物拉杆tie rod15. 板桩结构物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall15. 板桩结构物锚固技术anchoring15. 板桩结构物锚座Anchorage15. 板桩结构物木板桩wooden sheet pile15. 板桩结构物木桩timber piles15. 板桩结构物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts16. 基坑开挖与降水电渗法electro-osmotic drainage16. 基坑开挖与降水管涌piping16. 基坑开挖与降水基底隆起heave of base16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑降水dewatering16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水基坑围护bracing of foundation pit16. 基坑开挖与降水减压井relief well16. 基坑开挖与降水降低地下水位法dewatering method16. 基坑开挖与降水井点系统well point system16. 基坑开挖与降水喷射井点eductor well point16. 基坑开挖与降水铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope 16. 基坑开挖与降水砂沸sand boiling16. 基坑开挖与降水深井点deep well point16. 基坑开挖与降水真空井点vacuum well point16. 基坑开挖与降水支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础杯形基础17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation17. 浅基础持力层bearing stratum17. 浅基础次层（台）substratum17. 浅基础单独基础individual footing17. 浅基础倒梁法inverted beam method17. 浅基础刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 17. 浅基础刚性基础rigid foundation17. 浅基础高杯口基础17. 浅基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation17. 浅基础基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction17. 浅基础基底附加应力net foundation pressure17. 浅基础交叉条形基础cross strip footing17. 浅基础接触压力contact pressure17. 浅基础静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)17. 浅基础壳体基础shell foundation17. 浅基础扩展基础spread footing17. 浅基础片筏基础mat foundation17. 浅基础浅基础shallow foundation17. 浅基础墙下条形基础17. 浅基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method17. 浅基础柔性基础flexible foundation17. 浅基础上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 17. 浅基础谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation 17. 浅基础条形基础strip footing17. 浅基础下卧层substratum17. 浅基础箱形基础box foundation17. 浅基础柱下条形基础18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile18. 深基础波动方程分析Wave equation analysis18. 深基础场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile18. 深基础沉井基础open-end caisson foundation18. 深基础沉箱基础box caisson foundation18. 深基础成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile18. 深基础承台pile caps18. 深基础充盈系数fullness coefficient18. 深基础单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile18. 深基础单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile18. 深基础低桩承台low pile cap18. 深基础地下连续墙diaphgram wall18. 深基础点承桩（台）end-bearing pile18. 深基础动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula18. 深基础端承桩end-bearing pile18. 深基础法兰基灌注桩Franki pile18. 深基础负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile18. 深基础钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles18. 深基础钢桩steel pile18. 深基础高桩承台high-rise pile cap18. 深基础灌注桩cast-in-place pile18. 深基础横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles18. 深基础护壁泥浆slurry coat method18. 深基础回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile18. 深基础机挖异形灌注桩18. 深基础静力压桩silent piling18. 深基础抗拔桩uplift pile18. 深基础抗滑桩anti-slide pile18. 深基础摩擦桩friction pile18. 深基础木桩timber piles18. 深基础嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock18. 深基础群桩pile groups18. 深基础群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups18. 深基础群桩效应efficiency of pile groups18. 深基础群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 18. 深基础深基础deep foundation18. 深基础竖直群桩横向极限承载力18. 深基础无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile18. 深基础旋转挤压灌注桩18. 深基础桩piles18. 深基础桩基动测技术dynamic pile test18. 深基础钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation18. 深基础钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile18. 深基础钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile18. 深基础最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction19. 地基处理超载预压surcharge preloading19. 地基处理袋装砂井sand wick19. 地基处理地工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment19. 地基处理电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting19. 地基处理电渗法electro-osmotic drainage19. 地基处理顶升纠偏法19. 地基处理定喷directional jet grouting19. 地基处理冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement19. 地基处理短桩处理treatment with short pile19. 地基处理堆载预压法preloading19. 地基处理粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method19. 地基处理复合地基composite foundation19. 地基处理干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile19. 地基处理高压喷射注浆法jet grounting19. 地基处理灌浆材料injection material19. 地基处理灌浆法grouting19. 地基处理硅化法silicification19. 地基处理夯实桩compacting pile19. 地基处理化学灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理换填法cushion19. 地基处理灰土桩lime soil pile19. 地基处理基础加压纠偏法19. 地基处理挤密灌浆compaction grouting19. 地基处理挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column19. 地基处理挤淤法displacement method19. 地基处理加筋法reinforcement method19. 地基处理加筋土reinforced earth19. 地基处理碱液法soda solution grouting19. 地基处理浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method19. 地基处理降低地下水位法dewatering method19. 地基处理纠偏技术19. 地基处理坑式托换pit underpinning19. 地基处理冷热处理法freezing and heating19. 地基处理锚固技术anchoring19. 地基处理锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning19. 地基处理排水固结法consolidation19. 地基处理膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment19. 地基处理劈裂灌浆fracture grouting19. 地基处理浅层处理shallow treatment19. 地基处理强夯法dynamic compaction19. 地基处理人工地基artificial foundation19. 地基处理容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure19. 地基处理褥垫pillow19. 地基处理软土地基soft clay ground19. 地基处理砂井sand drain19. 地基处理砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 19. 地基处理砂桩sand column19. 地基处理山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area19. 地基处理深层搅拌法deep mixing method19. 地基处理渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting19. 地基处理湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment19. 地基处理石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method19. 地基处理石灰桩lime column, limepile19. 地基处理树根桩root pile19. 地基处理水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio19. 地基处理水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method19. 地基处理水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting19. 地基处理塑料排水带plastic drain19. 地基处理碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar19. 地基处理掏土纠偏法19. 地基处理天然地基natural foundation19. 地基处理土工聚合物Geopolymer19. 地基处理土工织物geofabric, geotextile19. 地基处理土桩earth pile19. 地基处理托换技术underpinning technique19. 地基处理外掺剂additive19. 地基处理旋喷jet grouting19. 地基处理药液灌浆chemical grouting19. 地基处理预浸水法presoaking19. 地基处理预压法preloading19. 地基处理真空预压vacuum preloading19. 地基处理振冲法vibroflotation method19. 地基处理振冲密实法vibro-compaction19. 地基处理振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column19. 地基处理振冲置换法vibro-replacement19. 地基处理振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting19. 地基处理置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio19. 地基处理重锤夯实法tamping19. 地基处理桩式托换pile underpinning19. 地基处理桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity20. 动力机器基础等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test20. 动力机器基础地基固有周期natural period of soil site20. 动力机器基础动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method20. 动力机器基础动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor20. 动力机器基础隔振isolation20. 动力机器基础基础振动foundation vibration20. 动力机器基础基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibr ation20. 动力机器基础基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration 20. 动力机器基础基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation20. 动力机器基础集总参数法lumped parameter method20. 动力机器基础吸收系数absorption coefficient20. 动力机器基础质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site21. 地基基础抗震地震earthquake, seism, temblor21. 地基基础抗震地震持续时间duration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake 21. 地基基础抗震地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum21. 地基基础抗震地震烈度earthquake intensity21. 地基基础抗震地震震级earthquake magnitude21. 地基基础抗震地震卓越周期seismic predominant period21. 地基基础抗震地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake21. 地基基础抗震动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor21. 地基基础抗震对数递减率logrithmic decrement21. 地基基础抗震刚性系数coefficient of rigidity21. 地基基础抗震吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test22. 室内土工试验变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test22. 室内土工试验不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验常规固结试验routine consolidation test22. 室内土工试验常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test22. 室内土工试验单剪仪simple shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test22. 室内土工试验等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test22. 室内土工试验等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test22. 室内土工试验等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method22. 室内土工试验反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test22. 室内土工试验反压饱和法back pressure saturation method22. 室内土工试验高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 22. 室内土工试验各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test 22. 室内土工试验共振柱试验resonant column test22. 室内土工试验固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test22. 室内土工试验固结试验consolidation test22. 室内土工试验含水量试验water content test22. 室内土工试验环剪试验ring shear test22. 室内土工试验黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test22. 室内土工试验击实试验22. 室内土工试验界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test22. 室内土工试验卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method22. 室内土工试验颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test22. 室内土工试验孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test22. 室内土工试验快剪试验quick direct shear test22. 室内土工试验快速固结试验fast consolidation test22. 室内土工试验离心模型试验centrifugal model test22. 室内土工试验连续加荷固结试验continual loading test22. 室内土工试验慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test22. 室内土工试验毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test22. 室内土工试验密度试验density test22. 室内土工试验扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus22. 室内土工试验膨胀率试验swelling rate test22. 室内土工试验平面应变仪plane strain apparatus22. 室内土工试验三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test22. 室内土工试验三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test22. 室内土工试验砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test22. 室内土工试验筛分析sieve analysis。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method基础工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层（台）glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层（台）marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike, dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒结构single-grained structure蜂窝结构honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, grainness, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的结构soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction絮状结构flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boiling渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution残余变形residual deformation残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩性compressibility压缩指数compression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure次固结secondary consolidation次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect潜变（台）creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密（台）consolidation压密度（台）degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction残余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规则flow rule摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model屈服面yield surface沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性模型elastic model魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层（台）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula 整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressue at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose分析毕肖普法Bishop method分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices分析库尔曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圆法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method分析斯宾赛法Spencer method分析泰勒法Taylor method分析条分法slice method分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 分析休止角angle of repose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity波的弥散特性dispersion of waves波速法wave velocity method材料阻尼material damping初始液化initial liquefaction地基固有周期natural period of soil site动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq 动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力性质dynamic properties of soils动强度dynamic strength of soils骨架波akeleton waves in soils几何阻尼geometric damping抗液化强度liquefaction stress孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil损耗角loss angle往返活动性reciprocating activity无量纲频率dimensionless frequency液化liquefaction液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction应力波stress waves in soils振陷dynamic settlement阻尼damping of soil阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall基础墙foundation wall加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile物板桩结构sheet pile structure物钢板桩steel sheet pile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile物钢桩steel pile物灌注桩cast-in-place pile物拉杆tie rod物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩wooden sheet pile物木桩timber piles物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation持力层bearing stratum次层（台）substratum单独基础individual footing倒梁法inverted beam method刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 刚性基础rigid foundation高杯口基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction基底附加应力net foundation pressure交叉条形基础cross strip footing接触压力contact pressure静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)壳体基础shell foundation扩展基础spread footing片筏基础mat foundation浅基础shallow foundation墙下条形基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性基础flexible foundation上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation条形基础strip footing下卧层substratum箱形基础box foundation18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile波动方程分析Wave equation analysis场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉井基础open-end caisson foundation沉箱基础box caisson foundation成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile承台pile caps充盈系数fullness coefficient单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile低桩承台low pile cap地下连续墙diaphgram wall点承桩（台）end-bearing pile动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula端承桩end-bearing pile法兰基灌注桩Franki pile负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles钢桩steel pile高桩承台high-rise pile cap灌注桩cast-in-place pile横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles护壁泥浆slurry coat method回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile静力压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile摩擦桩friction pile木桩timber piles嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock群桩pile groups群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效应efficiency of pile groups群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 深基础deep foundation竖直群桩横向极限承载力无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile桩piles桩基动测技术dynamic pile test钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement method加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 砂桩sand column山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar天然地基natural foundation土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique外掺剂additive旋喷jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading振冲法vibroflotation method振冲密实法vibro-compaction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column振冲置换法vibro-replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile underpinning桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test地基固有周期natural period of soil site动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor隔振isolation基础振动foundation vibration基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation集总参数法lumped parameter method吸收系数absorption coefficient质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地震earthquake, seism, temblor地震持续时间duration of earthquake地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor对数递减率logrithmic decrement刚性系数coefficient of rigidity吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test常规固结试验routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test反压饱和法back pressure saturation method高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test共振柱试验resonant column test固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test环剪试验ring shear test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test筛分析sieve analysis渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test 压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test压密试验consolidation test液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method液限试验liquid limit test应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus有机质含量试验organic matter content test真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test表面波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test块体共振试验block resonant test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test旁压试验pressurementer test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final set。
岩土英文词汇汇总
岩土英文词汇汇总一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质1.degree of saturation饱和度2.dry unit weight干重度3.moist unit weight湿重度4.saturated unit weight饱和重度5.effective unit weight有效重度6.density密度pactness密实度8.maximum dry density最大干密度9.optimum water content最优含水量10.three phase diagram三相图11.tri-phase soil三相土12.soil fraction粒组13.sieve analysis筛分14.hydrometer analysis比重计分析15.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数16.coefficient of gradation级配系数17.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土18.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土19.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统20.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会21.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会22.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy’s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi’s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barraon’s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot’s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of foundation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb’s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine’s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analysis上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of soils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
(完整word版)土力学词汇英文翻译
土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角ϕ、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、Nγ[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度dbuoyant density 浮密度ρ'buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C ccoefficient of earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k hcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath auniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform roundload at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、coefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性 compression index 压缩指数C c compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层 compression-curves压缩曲线（e -p 和e -log p 曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P [static]cone penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、ϕcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、ϕcuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s cconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical 限制粒径 d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力） contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验D damping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度λcdegree of consolidation 固结度U degree of saturation 饱和度S rdensification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤 dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土 disturbed samples 扰动土样 double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ϕd drained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验 drift-sand 流砂［现象］dry density 干密度ρddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E d dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G ddynamic strain，stress 动应变εd、动应力σdEEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earth－rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C eexpansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂[现象]fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface 地下水位 freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数μfriction －resistance ratio 摩阻比 frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性 frozen soils 冻土 GGap －graded soil 不连续级配土 General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏 generalized procedure of slices[GPS] 普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc 、σcz geosynthetics 土工合成材料 geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察 geotextiles 土工织物 glacial soils 冰积土 grading curve 级配曲线grain size 粒径 grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度 gravel 圆砾 gravelly sand 砾砂 gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重［力密］度γ gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c 、g q 、g γ ground treatment 地基处理 ground water 地下水、潜水 groundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆 Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体） Hansen ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度 head [of water] 水头H heavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT] 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h 0 high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s d impermeable lager ，impervious stratum 不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载 influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数ω、ωo 、ωc 、ωm 、ωr initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力 initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质 in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay [CI] 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀 isotropic soil 各向同性土 JJanbu ’s method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法 joint 节理 Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K 0－consolidation K 0固结Llaminar flow 层流landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx, σcylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法length of foundation base 基础底面长度llimit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w Plinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度liquid limit[LL] 液限w Lliquidity index[LI] 液性指数I L loading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML] 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩） major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力σ1、σ2、σ3 marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法 maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdmin maximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30 medium sand 中砂meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils 混合土miscellaneous fill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity变形模量E 0 弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律moisture-density test 击实试验moisture ,water content 含水量(率)wmontmorillonite 蒙脱石muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土 mulching soils 覆盖土 mud pumping 翻浆冒泥 Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils] 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率 organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Es oedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 （压密） optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils]超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR]超固结（过压密）比Pparameters of shear strength抗剪强度参数partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water 上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow 塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain 塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p cpreloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load 比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test 快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D r residual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石running sand 流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravity density 饱和重度γsatscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow] 渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Q seepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress (pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz、σc semi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s、ϕsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress总应力σtotal stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密） two-dimensional flow 二维流 turbulent flow 紊流 Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u 'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunder consolidated soil 欠固结土 underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样) uniformly distributed load 均布荷载 undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu 、粘聚力c u 、内摩擦角ϕυ [unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ [un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土 VVan der Waals ’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力 [field]Vane shear test [FVT] [现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation 竖向平均固结度vertical force of foundation top 基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T v Vesic ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 魏锡克极限承载力公式 vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic ］ viscosity ［动力］粘[滞]度η void ratio 孔隙比e volumetric strain 体应变volume of soil ，soil particles (solids), water ,air 土、土粒 、土中水 、土中气 的体积V 、V s 、V w 、V avolume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率 WWater ，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化 weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0 well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρ width of foundation base 基础底面宽度b Yyeilding flow 塑流 yellow clay ,loess 黄土 yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young ’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E。
土力学英语词汇
土力学英语词汇(总10页) -本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-第一章soil 土rock 岩土sand 沙土silt 粉土clay 粘土weathering 风化disintegration 分解;崩解decomposition 分解作用mineral 矿物crack 裂缝fracture 断裂;破裂debris 岩屑thermal stress 热应力rock mass 岩体sandstone 砂岩gravel 砾石parent rock 母岩natural soil 天然土;底土residual soil 残积土transported soil 运积土moraine 冰泽igneous rock 火成岩granite 花岗岩basalt 玄武岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩limestone 石灰岩shale 页岩alluvial soil 冲积土wind-borne soil 风积土loess 黄土dune 沙丘wind blown silt 风积尘土silty clay 粉质粘土glacial soil 冰川沉积土pleistocene epoch 更新世glacial deposit 冰川沉积erosion 侵蚀boulder 漂石fragment 碎屑foundation engineering 基础工程bedrock 基岩glacial till 冰土unstratified 非层状的unconsolidated 不固结的heterogeneous 非均质的marsh soil 沼泽土muck 淤泥,腐植土inorganic soil 无机土soil particle 土粒void 孔隙solid phase 固相liquid phase 液相vapor phase 气相saturated soil 饱和土dry soil 干土original mineral 原生矿物quartz 石英feldspar 长石isinglass 云母hornblende 角闪石pyroxene 辉石coarseness 粗度roundness 圆度secondary mineral 次生矿物kaolinite 高岭石illite 依利石montmorillonite 蒙脱石water content 含水量crystal structure 晶体结构crystal cell 晶胞alluminosilicate 铝硅酸盐isomorphous replacement 同晶置换grain group 粒组scree 卵石colloidal particle 胶粒sieve analysis 筛分析grading curve 粒晶分布曲线crystal lattice 晶格hygroscopic water 吸着水capillary water 毛细管水gravitational water 重力水fabric 组构single grain fabric 单粒组构flocculent fabric 絮凝组构disperded fabric 分散组构bulk density 湿密度unit weight 容重specific gravity 比重water content 含水量void ratio 孔隙比porosity 孔隙率dry density 干密度degree of saturation 饱和度saturated unit weight 饱和容重dry unit weight 干容重buoyant density 浮密度buoyant unit weight 浮容重relative density 相对密度consistency 稠度liquid limit 液限plastic limit 塑限shrinkage limit 缩限kneading method 搓滚法liquid-plastic limit combined device 液塑限联合测定仪plasticity index 塑性指数liquidity index 液性指数compaction 压实，夯实classification 分类coarse grained soil 粗粒土fine grained soil 细粒土liquefaction 液化第二章seepage 渗透total head 总水头elevation head 位置水头pressure head 压力水头head loss 水头损失darcy’s law 达西定律pore water pressure 孔隙水压力coefficient of permeability 渗透系数hydraulic gradient 水力坡降(水力梯度) flow path length 渗径长度constant-head test 常水头试验falling-head test 变水头试验pumping test 压水试验groundwater 地下水soil layers 土层Laplace’s Equation 拉普拉斯方程homogeneous 均质的isotropic 各向同性的anisotropic 各向异性的incompressible 不可压缩的finite difference method 有限差分法finite element method 有限单元法boundary element method 边界单元法flow net 流网equipotential lines 等势线flow lines 流线the principle of effective stress 有效应力原理total stress 总应力effective stress 有效应力piezometer 孔隙水压力计standpipe 测压管seepage force 渗流力liquefaction 液化boiling 砂沸heaving 隆起piping 管涌Critical Hydraulic Gradient 临界水力梯度第三章additional stress（stress increase）附加应力at-rest 静止bulk unit weight 天然（湿）容重buoyant unit weight 浮容重centric load 中心荷载coefficient of lateral earth pressure at rest 静止土压力系数compatible 相容，协调concentrated load 点荷载，集中荷载contact pressure 基底压力dam 坝deposit 沉（堆）积，沉（堆）积物eccentric load 偏心荷载effective overburden pressure 自重应力（有效）elastic half-space 弹性半空间体embankment 堤坝，堤防，路堤embedment depth 埋置深度flexible foundation 柔性基础foundation 基础geostatic stress 自重应力geotechnical engineering 岩土工程GL=ground level 地面GWL=ground water level 地下水位Ground 地基Heterogeneous 非均质Homogeneous 均质Hydraulic fill 水力吹填Heave 隆起In-situ 原位，现场Isotropic 各向同性Landfill 填埋场Line load 线荷载Load intensity 荷载强（集）度Major axis 主轴Man-made ground 人工地基Medium 介质Moment 力矩Moment of inertia 惯性矩Natural ground 天然地基Net contact pressure 基底净压力（基底附加压力）Offsetting 偏心矩Overturning 倾覆Point load 点荷载，几种荷载Principle of superposition 叠加原理Reclamation 围垦Retaining wall 挡（土）墙Rigid foundation 刚性基础Sediment 沉积（淀），沉积（淀）物Semi-infinite mass 半无限体Settlement 沉降Solid waste 固体废弃物Stratum （土，地）层Strip foundation 条形基础Stress increase 附加应力Superimposed stress 附加应力Thrust 推力Tracing paper 描图（透明，透写）纸第四章, 第五章architectural damage 建筑损伤brittle 脆性caisson 沉箱，沉井coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数collapse settlement 湿陷沉降collapsible soil 湿陷性土compressible layer 压缩层compression 压缩compression index 压缩指数compression modulus 压缩摸量consolidation 固结consolidation analogy 固结模型curve fitting 曲线拟合deformation modulus 变形摸量degree of consolidation 固结度dial gauge 量表，百分表differential settlement 差异沉降dissipation 消散drained，drainage 排水drilled shaft 钻孔桩driven pile 打入桩expansion index 回弹指数expansive soil 膨胀土floodgate 闸门half-closed layer 单面排水层hogging crack 顶裂Hooke’s law 虎克定律hysteretic loop 回滞环in-situ compression curve 现场压缩曲线intact specimen 原状试样isochrones 等时线loading ratio 荷载率loess 黄土masonry 砌体，砌石normally consolidated 正常固结oedometer 固结仪oedometer test 固结实验open layer 双面排水层overconsolidated 超固结overconsolidation ratio 超固结比peaty soil 泥炭土piezometer 孔压计poisson’s ratio 泊松比porous stone 透水石preconsolidation pressure 前期固结应力primary consolidation 主固结rebounding curve 回弹曲线recompression curve 再压缩曲线secondary consolidation 次固结settlement 沉降soil mass 土体soil skeleton 土骨架specimen 土样standpipe 测压管stratum（）土层stress history 应力历史structural damage 结构损伤subsidence 沉陷swelling curve 回弹曲线swelling index 回弹指数time factor 时间因数total head 总水头underconsolidated 欠固结underpin 托换undrained 不排水uneven settlement 不均匀沉降virgin compression curve 初始压缩曲线Young’s modulus 杨氏摸量第六章all-round pressure 围压anisotropic 非各项相等borehole 钻孔cohesion 凝聚力compression 压缩consolidated-drained 固结排水consolidated-quick shear test 固结快剪试验consolidated-slow shear test 固结慢剪试验consolidated-untrained 固结不排水creep 蠕变critical 极限的critical state 极限状态critical void ratio 临界孔隙比crushing 压碎cyclic repeat load 循环荷载cylindrical specimen 圆柱试样dense sand 紧砂density 密度deposition 沉积deviator stress 压力差dilatancy 膨胀directly shear test 直剪试验drainage volume 排水量dynamic load 动力荷载excavation 开挖failure 破坏failure envelop 强度包线fracturing 破裂friction angle 摩擦角friction resistance 摩擦阻力hollow cylinder 空心圆柱interlocking 咬合intermediate stress 中主应力isotropic 各项相等kneading 揉liquefaction 液化loose sand 松砂mohr-coulomb failure criterion 摩尔- 库仑破坏准则o-ring O形圈parameter 参数peak stress 峰值应力pedestal 底座piezometer 孔压计plane strain 平面应变pore pressure 孔隙压力pore pressure coefficient 孔隙压力系数porous ceramic stone 透水石principle stress 主应力remolded sample 重塑土residual strength 残余强度ring shear test 圆环剪切试验roller bearings 滚珠rubber membrane 橡皮膜sampling 制样screw 螺栓seepage 渗透sensitivity 灵敏度shear 剪切shear vane test 十字板剪切试验shell 贝壳silt lamination 粉沙夹层slope 边坡specimen 试样stability 稳定strength 强度stress path 应力路径torque 扭矩triaxial compression 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验unconfined compression 无侧限抗压试验unconsolidated-undrained 不固结不排水undisturbed sample 原状样vertical load 垂直荷载volumetric strain 体积应变weak plane 软弱面第七章Rankine’s Theory of earth pressure 朗肯土压力理论Coloumb’s Theory of earth pressure 库仑土压力理论earth pressure 土压力earth pressure at static state 静止土压力active earth pressure 主动土压力passive earth pressure 被动土压力earth pressure coefficient 土压力系数at-rest earth pressure coefficient 静止土压力系数active earth pressure coefficient 主动土压力系数passive earth pressure coefficient 被动土压力系数force polygon 力多边形bracing system 支撑系统第八章acceleration 加速度Bishop’s method 毕肖普法Bishop’s simplified method 简化毕肖普法cutting slope 开挖边坡dam 大坝disturbing moment 倾覆力矩driving moment 滑动力矩earthquake 地震effective stress 有效应力embankment 堤、坝excess pore water pressure 超孔隙水压力failure surface 破坏面limiting equilibrium 极限平衡method of slice 条分法moment arm 力臂moment 力矩most critical surface 最危险滑动面pore pressure 孔隙压力pore water pressure 孔隙水压力resisting moment 抗滑力矩rupture surface 破裂面saturated unit weight 饱和重度seepage force 渗流力seepage surface 浸润面seepage, seepage flow 渗流seismic force 地震力shear resistance 抗剪强度shear strength 抗剪强度slip arc 滑弧slip circle 滑弧slip surface 滑动面slope angle 坡角slope stability 边坡稳定性slope surface 坡面slope 边坡stability 稳定性steady seepage 稳定渗流Swedish method of slices 瑞典条分法toe of slope 坡脚top of slope 坡顶total stress 总应力unit weight 重度weight 重力bulk unit weight 重度11。
英语土木专业单词
探针，探头，探测器，传感器 时间滞差，时滞，延时
tamp 填塞，夯实，捣实
flexi土bl木e 工程专柔业韧英语的，柔软的，有h弹ttp性://w的
Soil mechanics is concerned with the use of the laws of mechanics and
Soils are extremely variable in composition, and it was this heterogeneity that long
discouraged scientific studies of these deposits.
它包括三种成分：固体矿物质，水以及空气和其他气体。土质 组成变化很大，正是这种不均质性大大地阻碍了科学家对这些沉积 物的研究。
coin 创造，杜撰(新词等) numerical 数字的，数值的 friction 摩擦，摩擦力，阻力
topography [təˈpɒgrəfi] 地形，地势，地形 学 paleontological[pæ liɒn'tɒlədʒi] 古生物学的 corroboratory [kə'rɒbərətəri]确证的，确定
直到18世纪后半期，法国物理学家查尔斯-奥斯丁 库仑出版 他的土压力理论（1773年）之前，以科学的基础处理土的问题 几乎没有任何进展。
In 1857 the Scottish engineer Willliam Rankine developed a theory of equilibrium of earth masses and applied it to some elementary problems of foundation engineering.
岩土专业英语词汇
岩土工程常用英语词汇一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土 groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effe ctive overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC d esignated normally consolidated and overcons olidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for tota l stressesσ1andσ28.K0‟ domain for effective stressesσ1…andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuou s loading ,simulating instantaneous loading o r an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(f requency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynami c test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and verti cal directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedem eter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, fro m static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscrip t m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscript s b and m denote bottom of specimen and mea n value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1…andσ2‟ deno te effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer 美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Hi ghway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Me chanics and Geotechnical Engineering国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law 达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress 最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板七. 深基础--deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩5.end-bearing pile端承桩6.shaft竖井；桩身7.wave equation analysis波动方程分析8.pile caps承台（桩帽）9.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验11.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力12.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验13.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力14.low pile cap低桩承台15.high-rise pile cap高桩承台16.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力17.silent piling静力压桩18.uplift pile抗拔桩19.anti-slide pile抗滑桩20.pile groups群桩21.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）22.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应23.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术24.final set最后贯入度25.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验26.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验27.pile head=butt桩头28.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）29.pile spacing桩距30.pile plan桩位布置图31.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置32.group action群桩作用33.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻34.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻35.pile cushion桩垫36.pile driving(by vibration) （振动）打桩37.pile pulling test拔桩试验38.pile shoe桩靴39.pile noise打桩噪音40.pile rig打桩机八. 地基处理--ground treatment1.technical code for ground treatment of buildi ng建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩8.gravel pile(stone column)碎石桩9.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩10.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩11.cement column水泥桩12.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩13.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法14.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法15.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩16.chemical stabilization化学加固法17.surface compaction表层压实法18.surcharge preloading超载预压法19.vacuum preloading真空预压法20.sand wick袋装砂井21.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基23.reinforcement method加筋法24.dewatering method降低地下水固结法25.freezing and heating冷热处理法26.expansive ground treatment膨胀土地基处理27.ground treatment in mountain area山区地基处理28.collapsible loess treatment湿陷性黄土地基处理29.artificial foundation人工地基30.natural foundation天然地基31.pillow褥垫32.soft clay ground软土地基33.sand drain砂井34.root pile树根桩35.plastic drain塑料排水带36.replacement ratio（复合地基）置换率九. 固结consolidation1.Terzzaghi‟s consolidation theory太沙基固结理论2.Barrao n‟s consolidation theory巴隆固结理论3.Biot‟s consolidation theory比奥固结理论4.over consolidation ration (OCR)超固结比5.overconsolidation soil超固结土6.excess pore water pressure超孔压力7.multi-dimensional consolidation多维固结8.one-dimensional consolidation一维固结9.primary consolidation主固结10.secondary consolidation次固结11.degree of consolidation固结度12.consolidation test固结试验13.consolidation curve固结曲线14.time factor Tv时间因子15.coefficient of consolidation固结系数16.preconsolidation pressure前期固结压力17.principle of effective stress有效应力原理18.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结十. 抗剪强度shear strength1.undrained shear strength不排水抗剪强度2.residual strength残余强度3.long-term strength长期强度4.peak strength峰值强度5.shear strain rate剪切应变速率6.dilatation剪胀7.effective stress approach of shear strength 剪胀抗剪强度有效应力法8.total stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法9.Mohr-Coulomb theory莫尔－库仑理论10.angle of internal friction内摩擦角11.cohesion粘聚力12.failure criterion破坏准则13.vane strength十字板抗剪强度14.unconfined compression无侧限抗压强度15.effective stress failure envelop有效应力破坏包线16.effective stress strength parameter有效应力强度参数十一. 本构模型--constitutive model1.elastic model弹性模型2.nonlinear elastic model非线性弹性模型3.elastoplastic model弹塑性模型4.viscoelastic model粘弹性模型5.boundary surface model边界面模型6.Duncan-Chang model邓肯－张模型7.rigid plastic model刚塑性模型8.cap model盖帽模型9.work softening加工软化10.work hardening加工硬化11.Cambridge model剑桥模型12.ideal elastoplastic model理想弹塑性模型13.Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion莫尔－库仑屈服准则14.yield surface屈服面15.elastic half-space foundation model弹性半空间地基模型16.elastic modulus弹性模量17.Winkler foundation model文克尔地基模型十二. 地基承载力--bearing capacity of found ation soil1.punching shear failure冲剪破坏2.general shear failure整体剪切破化3.local shear failure局部剪切破坏4.state of limit equilibrium极限平衡状态5.critical edge pressure临塑荷载6.stability of foundation soil地基稳定性7.ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil 地基极限承载力8.allowable bearing capacity of foundation soi l地基容许承载力十三. 土压力--earth pressure1.active earth pressure主动土压力2.passive earth pressure被动土压力3.earth pressure at rest静止土压力4.Coulomb‟s earth pressure theory库仑土压力理论5.Rankine‟s earth pressure theory朗金土压力理论十四. 土坡稳定分析--slope stability analysis1.angle of repose休止角2.Bishop method毕肖普法3.safety factor of slope边坡稳定安全系数4.Fellenius method of slices费纽伦斯条分法5.Swedish circle method瑞典圆弧滑动法6.slices method条分法十五. 挡土墙--retaining wall1.stability of retaining wall挡土墙稳定性2.foundation wall基础墙3.counter retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙4.cantilever retaining wall悬臂式挡土墙5.cantilever sheet pile wall悬臂式板桩墙6.gravity retaining wall重力式挡土墙7.anchored plate retaining wall锚定板挡土墙8.anchored sheet pile wall锚定板板桩墙十六. 板桩结构物--sheet pile structure1.steel sheet pile钢板桩2.reinforced concrete sheet pile钢筋混凝土板桩3.steel piles钢桩4.wooden sheet pile木板桩5.timber piles木桩十七. 浅基础--shallow foundation1.box foundation箱型基础2.mat(raft) foundation片筏基础3.strip foundation条形基础4.spread footing扩展基础pensated foundation补偿性基础6.bearing stratum持力层7.rigid foundation刚性基础8.flexible foundation柔性基础9.embedded depth of foundation基础埋置深度 foundation pressure基底附加应力11.structure-foundation-soil interaction analys is上部结构－基础－地基共同作用分析十八. 土的动力性质--dynamic properties of s oils1.dynamic strength of soils动强度2.wave velocity method波速法3.material damping材料阻尼4.geometric damping几何阻尼5.damping ratio阻尼比6.initial liquefaction初始液化7.natural period of soil site地基固有周期8.dynamic shear modulus of soils动剪切模量9.dynamic magnification factor动力放大因素10.liquefaction strength抗液化强度11.dimensionless frequency无量纲频率12.evaluation of liquefaction液化势评价13.stress wave in soils土中应力波14.dynamic settlement振陷（动沉降）十九. 动力机器基础1.equivalent lumped parameter method等效集总参数法2.dynamic subgrade reaction method动基床反力法3.vibration isolation隔振4.foundation vibration基础振动5.elastic half-space theory of foundation vibrat ion基础振动弹性半空间理论6.allowable amplitude of foundation基础振动容许振幅7.natural frequency of foundation基础自振频率二十. 地基基础抗震1.earthquake engineering地震工程2.soil dynamics土动力学3.duration of earthquake地震持续时间4.earthquake response spectrum地震反应谱5.earthquake intensity地震烈度6.earthquake magnitude震级7.seismic predominant period地震卓越周期8.maximum acceleration of earthquake地震最大加速度二十一. 室内土工实验1.high pressure consolidation test高压固结试验2.consolidation under K0 condition K0固结试验3.falling head permeability变水头试验4.constant head permeability常水头渗透试验5.unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test不固结不排水试验(UU)6.consolidated undrained triaxial test固结不排水试验(CU)7.consolidated drained triaxial test固结排水试验(CD)paction test击实试验9.consolidated quick direct shear test固结快剪试验10.quick direct shear test快剪试验11.consolidated drained direct shear test慢剪试验12.sieve analysis筛分析13.geotechnical model test土工模型试验14.centrifugal model test离心模型试验15.direct shear apparatus直剪仪16.direct shear test直剪试验17.direct simple shear test直接单剪试验18.dynamic triaxial test三轴试验19.dynamic simple shear动单剪20.free（resonance）vibration column test自(共)振柱试验二十二. 原位测试1.standard penetration test (SPT)标准贯入试验2.surface wave test (SWT)表面波试验3.dynamic penetration test(DPT)动力触探试验4.static cone penetration (SPT) 静力触探试验5.plate loading test静力荷载试验teral load test of pile 单桩横向载荷试验7.static load test of pile 单桩竖向荷载试验8.cross-hole test 跨孔试验9.screw plate test螺旋板载荷试验10.pressuremeter test旁压试验11.light sounding轻便触探试验12.deep settlement measurement深层沉降观测13.vane shear test十字板剪切试验14.field permeability test现场渗透试验15.in-situ pore water pressure measurement 原位孔隙水压量测16.in-situ soil test原位试验。
土力学英文词汇
有空看看，当做学英语好了~ ~ ~土的分类soil classificationboulder漂石cobble卵石coarse grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土gravel石子coarse sand粗砂medium sand中砂fine sand细砂silty sand粉砂fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土clayey soil粘性土clay粘土silty clay粉质粘土silt粉土sandy silt砂质粉土clayey silt粘质粉土Residual soil 残积土clay minerals 粘土矿物secondary minerals 次生矿物fill (soil) 填土soft clay 软粘土expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土peat 泥炭frozen soil 冻土over consolidated soil 超固结土normally consolidated soil 正常固结土under consolidated soil欠固结土saturated soil饱和土unsaturated soil非饱和土borehole columnar section 钻孔柱状图engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering 基础工程soil, earth 土soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量soil dynamics土动力学stress path 应力路径numerical geotechnic 数值岩土力学landslide 滑坡Atterberg limits阿太堡界限degree of saturation饱和度dry unit weight干重度moist unit weight湿重度saturated unit weight饱和重度effective unit weight有效重度density密度compactness 密实度maximum dry density最大干密度optimum water content最优含水量three phase diagram三相图tri-phase soil三相土soil fraction粒组sieve analysis筛分hydrometer analysis比重计分析uniformity coefficient不均匀系数coefficient of gradation级配系数。
土力学英语单词
土力学英语单词1Soil Mechanics 土力学Geotechnical Engineering 岩土工程以下单词均可表示基础或地基：Foundationsubgradegroundfoundation soilsubsoilfootingbasecompressibility 压缩性silty sand 粉土sand 砂clay 黏土diaphragm wall 隔墙，地下连续墙expansive soil ground 膨胀土地基liquefaction of sand 砂土液化landslide 滑坡triaxial apparatus 三轴试验仪，原位测试仪Finite Element Method 有限单元法clay mineral 黏土质矿物Geosynthetics 土工合成材料artificial ground 人工地基ground treatment 地基处理The Leaning Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔Coulomb 库伦（库伦土压力理论）Darcy 达西（达西渗流定律）Rankine 朗肯（朗肯土压力理论）Boussinesque 布辛奈斯克（竖向集中力下的地基附加应力提出者）Fellenius 费伦纽斯（瑞典圆弧法分析土坡滑坡）Terzaghi 太沙基（土力学之父）2physical properties 物理性质three phases of soil 土的三相组成Physical indexes 物理性质指标Density 密度cohesionless soil 无粘性土cohesive soil 粘性土permeability 渗透性solid 固相liquid 液相vapor phase 气相weathering 风化transportation 搬运sedimentation 沉积original mineral 原生矿物secondary mineral 次生矿物clay mineral 粘土矿物particle size distribution 颗粒级配huge particle group 巨粒（粒组）gross particle group 粗粒（粒组）fine particle group 细粒（粒组）sieve analysis 筛分法hydrometer analysis 水分法coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数three-phase diagram 三相简图mass/quality 质量volume 体积density of soil 土的密度unit weight 容重，重度cutting ring 环刀specific gravity of soil 土的相对密度moisture content 含水率combined water 结合水free water 自由水adustion method 燃烧法void ratio 孔隙比（e）porosity 孔隙率（n）degree of saturation 饱和度bulk density of soil 土的堆积密度(moist) unit weight 湿重度Dry density 干密度Dry unit weight 干重度Saturated density 饱和密度Saturated unit weight 饱和重度Buoyant density 浮密度Buoyant unit weight 浮重度（有效重度）Compactness/density 密实度Void ratio of soil in the loosest/densest state密实/松散状态土的孔隙比Loose 松散Medium 中密Dense 密实Standard penetration test 标准贯入试验（SPT）Limit water content 界限含水量Shrinkage limit 缩限Plastic limit 塑限Solid 固态Semisolid 半固态Plastic 可塑状态Liquid 流动状态态Cone penetrometer 锥式液限仪Plasticity index 塑性指数Liquidity index 液性指数Undisturbed soil 原状土Disturbed soil 扰动土Liquid-plastic limit combined device 液塑限联合测定仪Sensitivity 灵敏度Thixotropy （粘性土的）触变性Muck 淤泥Mucky soil 淤泥质土3.geostatic stress 自重应力foundation base pressure 基底压力net foundation pressure 基地附加压力contact pressure 基底压力additional stress 土中附加应力stress state 应力状态self-weight 自重homogeneous soil 均质土layed soil 成层土ground water level 地下水位continuous/strip footing 连续/条形基础vertical uniform load 竖向均布荷载flexible foundation 柔性基础rigid foundation 刚性基础rectangular foundation 矩形基础vertical centric load （矩形面积）竖向中心荷载vertical eccentric load （矩形面积）竖向偏心荷载tension force 拉（应）力inclined eccentric load 斜向偏心荷载vertical point force 竖向点力vertical concentrated load 竖向集中荷载vertical uniform load 竖向均布荷载example 例子solution 解triangularly distributed load 三角形分布荷载horizontal concentrated load 横向集中荷载circular foundation 圆形基础stress concentration 应力集中stress dispersion 应力扩散anisotropic foundation 各向异性基础isotropic 各向同性semi-infinite 半无限（空间）homogeneous 均质的linear elastic material 线弹性材料depth/width/length/height 深/宽/长/高4.Compressibility 压缩性Compressibility characteristics 压缩特征Compressibility parameters 压缩指标Compressive deformation 压缩变形Settlement 沉降One-dimensional compression 一维（无侧向变形）压缩Permeability 渗透性Stress history 应力历史Consolidation 固结Pore volume 孔隙体积Confined compression test 侧限压缩试验（固结试验）Consolidometer 固结测量仪（压缩仪）Porous stone 透水石Specimen 试样Compression 压缩Compression curve 压缩曲线Compression coefficient 压缩系数（a）Compression index 压缩指数（Cc）Compression modulus 压缩模量（Es）Rebounding or swelling curve 回弹曲线Recompression curve 再压缩曲线Deformation modulus 变形模量（E0）Final / ultimate settlement 最终沉降Layerwise summation method 分层总和法（delamination total Method）Stress area method 规范法Coefficient of average additional stress 平均附加应力系数Modified coefficient 修正系数（沉降计算经验系数）Pre-consolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力Normally consolidated soil 正常固结土Overconsolidated soil 超固结土Overconsolidation ratio 超固结比Underconsolidated soil 欠固结土Distortion settlement 瞬时沉降Primary consolidation settlement 固结沉降Secondary consolidation settlement 次固结沉降Degree of consolidation 固结度Theory of one-dimensional consolidation （太沙基）一维固结理论Da rcy’s law达西定律Excess pore water pressure 孔隙水（超静水）压力Coefficient of consolidation 固结系数Time factor 时间因数（Tv，竖向固结因数）One-way drainage 单面排水Two-way drainage 双面排水5.Shear strength 抗剪强度Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion of soil莫尔-库仑破坏准则（莫尔-库伦强度理论）Limited equilibrium of soil 土的极限平衡Direct shear test apparatus 直剪仪Shear force 剪力Metal shear box 金属剪力盒Normal force 法向力Failure envelope 破坏包线Angle of internal friction 内摩擦角Cohesion 凝聚力Elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡Limit equilibrium 极限平衡State of limit equilibrium of Soil 土的极限平衡状态Stress state 应力状态Mohr’s circle 莫尔圆Sliding surface 滑裂面Laboratory test室内试验In-situ test 野外（原位）试验Strain-controlled 应变控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R注）Stress-controlled 应力控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R注）Triaxial test 三轴（压缩）试验Vane shear apparatus test 十字板剪切试验Unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水试验Consolidated undrained test固结不排水试验Consolidated drained test固结排水试验Major principle stress 最大主应力Minor principle stress 最小主应力Intermediate principle stress 中间主应力6.Lateral Earth Pressure 侧向土压力Retaining structure 挡土结构物Retaining Wall 挡土墙Face 墙面Back 墙背Bottom 墙底Toe 墙趾Heel 墙踵Backfill 墙后填土Earth pressure at rest 静止土压力Active earth pressure 主动土压力Passive earth pressure 被动土压力Earth pressure distribution 土压力分布The total force per unit length of the wall 单位长度墙总力Rankine’s t heory of earth pressure 朗肯土压力理论Rigid 刚性的No frictional vertical wall back 光滑竖直墙背Horizontal filling surface 水平填土面Cohesionless soil 无粘性土Cohesive soil 粘性土Failure wedge 破裂楔形体Force polygons 力的多边形Gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙Cantilevel retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙Counterfort retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙Anchoring technique （土层）锚固技术Geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall 土工合成材料加筋挡土墙Stability 稳定性Bearing capacity /bearing pressure 地基承载力Wall strength 墙身强度Safety against overturning 抗倾覆安全性Safety against sliding 抗滑移安全性n=10;x=1:236;for i=1:n%随机选择10个序号k=round(length(x)*rand());xr(i)=x(k);x(k)=[];%中英各有m=length(word{xr(i)}); %m为词组长度for j=1:m%jc为决策变量jc=(word{xr(i)}(j)>='a'...&& word{xr(i)}(j)<='z')...|| (word{xr(i)}(j)>='A'...&& word{xr(i)}(j)<='Z')...|| (word{xr(i)}(j)=='/'...|| word{xr(i)}(j)==''''...|| word{xr(i)}(j)==' ')...||word{xr(i)}(j)=='’'...||word{xr(i)}(j)=='-';if jc==0if i<=5words{i}=word{xr(i)}(1:(j-1));elsewords{i}=word{xr(i)}(j:m);endbreak;endendenddisp('----------------------');for i=1:10disp([num2str(i),'.',words{i}]);enddisp('----------------------');。
土力学英文词汇
有空看看，当做学英语好了土的分类soil classificationboulder 漂石cobble 卵石coarse grainedsoil(gravelly and sandy) gravel 石子coarse sand 粗砂medium sand 中砂fine粗粒土sand 细砂silty sand 粉砂fine-grained soil(silty and clayey) 细粒土clayey soil 粘性土clay 粘土silty clay 粉质粘土silt 粉土sandy silt 砂质粉土clayey silt 粘质粉土Residual soil 残积土clay minerals 粘土矿物secondary minerals 次生矿物fill (soil) 填土soft clay 软粘土expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土peat 泥炭frozen soil 冻土over consolidated soil 超固结土normally consolidated soil 正常固结土under consolidated soil 欠固结土saturated soil 饱和土unsaturated soil 非饱和土borehole columnar section 钻孔柱状图engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察geotechnical engineering 岩土工程foundation engineering 基础工程soil, earth 土soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量soil dynamics 土动力学stress path 应力路径numerical geotechnic 数值岩土力学landslide 滑坡Atterberg limits 阿太堡界限degree of saturation 饱和度dry unit weight 干重度moist unit weight 湿重度saturated unit weight 饱和重度effective unit weight 有效重度density 密度compactness 密实度maximum dry density 最大干密度optimum water content 最优含水量three phase diagram 三相图tri-phase soil 三相土soil fraction 粒组sieve analysis 筛分hydrometer analysis 比重计分析uniformitycoefficient 不均匀系数coefficient of gradation 级配系数Darcy's law 达西定律piping 管涌flowing soil 流土sand boiling 砂沸flow net 流网seepage 渗透（流）leakage 渗流seepage pressure 渗透压力permeability 渗透性seepage force 渗透力hydraulic gradient 水力梯度coefficient of permeability 渗透系数。
土木工程专业英语词汇
土木工程专业英语词汇1. 大地工程geotechnical engineering1. 反分析法back analysis method1. 基础工程foundation engineering1. 临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics 1. 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics1. 土soil, earth1. 土动力学soil dynamics1. 土力学soil mechanics1. 岩土工程geotechnical engineering1. 应力路径stress path1. 应力路径法stress path method2. 变质岩metamorphic rock2. 标准冻深standard frost penetration2. 冰川沉积glacial deposit2. 冰积层（台）glacial deposit2. 残积土eluvial soil, residual soil2. 层理beding2. 长石feldspar2. 沉积岩sedimentary rock2. 承压水confined water2. 次生矿物secondary mineral2. 地质年代geological age2. 地质图geological map2. 地下水groundwater2. 断层fault2. 断裂构造fracture structure2. 工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration 2. 海积层（台）marine deposit2. 海相沉积marine deposit2. 花岗岩granite2. 滑坡landslide2. 化石fossil2. 化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock2. 阶地terrace2. 节理joint2. 解理cleavage2. 喀斯特karst2. 矿物硬度hardness of minerals2. 砾岩conglomerate2. 流滑flow slide2. 陆相沉积continental sedimentation2. 泥石流mud flow, debris flow2. 年粘土矿物clay minerals2. 凝灰岩tuff2. 牛轭湖ox-bow lake2. 浅成岩hypabyssal rock2. 潜水ground water2. 侵入岩intrusive rock2. 取土器geotome2. 砂岩sandstone2. 砂嘴spit, sand spit2. 山岩压力rock pressure2. 深成岩plutionic rock2. 石灰岩limestone2. 石英quartz2. 松散堆积物rickle2. 围限地下水（台）confined ground water 2. 泻湖lagoon2. 岩爆rock burst2. 岩层产状attitude of rock2. 岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock2. 岩脉dike, dgke2. 岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 2. 岩石构造structure of rock2. 岩石结构texture of rock2. 岩体rock mass2. 页岩shale2. 原生矿物primary mineral2. 云母mica2. 造岩矿物rock-forming mineral2. 褶皱fold, folding2. 钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 饱和土saturated soil3. 超固结土overconsolidated soil3. 冲填土dredger fill3. 充重塑土3. 冻土frozen soil, tjaele3. 非饱和土unsaturated soil3. 分散性土dispersive soil3. 粉土silt, mo3. 粉质粘土silty clay3. 高岭石kaolinite3. 过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil 3. 红粘土red clay, adamic earth3. 黄土loess, huangtu(China)3. 蒙脱石montmorillonite3. 泥炭peat, bog muck3. 年粘土clay3. 年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil3. 膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil3. 欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil3. 区域性土zonal soil3. 人工填土fill, artificial soil3. 软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle3. 砂土sand3. 湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess3. 素填土plain fill3. 塑性图plasticity chart3. 碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus3. 未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay3. 无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil3. 岩石rock3. 伊利土illite3. 有机质土organic soil3. 淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush3. 淤泥质土mucky soil3. 原状土undisturbed soil3. 杂填土miscellaneous fill3. 正常固结土normally consolidated soil3. 正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil3. 自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 阿太堡界限Atterberg limits4. 饱和度degree of saturation4. 饱和密度saturated density4. 饱和重度saturated unit weight4. 比重specific gravity4. 稠度consistency4. 不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient 4. 触变thixotropy4. 单粒结构single-grained structure4. 蜂窝结构honeycomb structure4. 干重度dry unit weight4. 干密度dry density4. 塑性指数plasticity index4. 含水量water content, moisture content4. 活性指数4. 级配gradation, grading4. 结合水bound water, combined water, held water4. 界限含水量Atterberg limits4. 颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composition of soil4. 可塑性plasticity4. 孔隙比void ratio4. 孔隙率porosity4. 粒度granularity, grainness, grainage4. 粒组fraction, size fraction4. 毛细管水capillary water4. 密度density4. 密实度compactionness4. 年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil4. 平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter4. 曲率系数coefficient of curvature4. 三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram 4. 三相土tri-phase soil4. 湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure4. 湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility4. 缩限shrinkage limit4. 土的构造soil texture4. 土的结构soil structure4. 土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles4. 土中气air in soil4. 土中水water in soil4. 团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith4. 限定粒径constrained diameter4. 相对密度relative density, density index4. 相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction4. 絮状结构flocculent structure4. 压密系数coefficient of consolidation4. 压缩性compressibility4. 液限liquid limit4. 液性指数liquidity index4. 游离水（台）free water4. 有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size4. 有效密度effective density4. 有效重度effective unit weight4. 重力密度unit weight4. 自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic wa ter4. 组构fabric4. 最大干密度maximum dry density4. 最优含水量optimum water content5. 达西定律Darcy s law5. 管涌piping5. 浸润线phreatic line5. 临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 5. 流函数flow function5. 流土flowing soil5. 流网flow net5. 砂沸sand boiling5. 渗流seepage5. 渗流量seepage discharge5. 渗流速度seepage velocity5. 渗透力seepage force5. 渗透破坏seepage failure5. 渗透系数coefficient of permeability 5. 渗透性permeability5. 势函数potential function5. 水力梯度hydraulic gradient。
土力学词汇英文翻译
土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble角砾anisotropic soil各向异性土aquifer含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力σaverage heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、N[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度dbuoyant density浮密度buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble卵石Code for design of building foundation建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C c coefficient of earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k h coefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath a uniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform round load at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、rαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、1tα、2tαcoefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、c coefficient of vertical additional stress beneatha concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性compression index压缩指数C ccompression(constrained modulus)压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层compression-curves压缩曲线（e-p和e-log p曲线）compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P[static]cone penetration test[CPT]静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、cqconsolidated undrainedtriaxial compression test[CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、cuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -t 和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s c consolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical 限制粒径d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力） contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论 creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石 culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验 Ddamping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础deep mixing method 深层搅拌法 degree of compaction 压实度λc degree of consolidation 固结度Udegree of saturation 饱和度S r densification by sand pile 挤密砂桩density 密度 depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤dilatancy 剪胀性 diluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土 disturbed samples 扰动土样 double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ddrained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验 drift-sand 流砂［现象］ dry density 干密度ρddrygravity density (unit weight) 干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E ddynamic load 动荷载 dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验 dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验 dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G d dynamic strain ，stress 动应变εd 、动应力σd EEarth dam 土坝 Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E 0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学 earth －rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP]有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress) 超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C e expansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net流网fold 褶皱flowing sand流砂[现象]fluvial soils冲积土footing ，foundation基础foundation settlement地基（基础）沉降fraction粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface地下水位freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base基底摩擦系数μfriction－resistance ratio摩阻比frost boiling翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性frozen soils冻土GGap－graded soil不连续级配土General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏generalized procedure of slices[GPS]普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc、σczgeosynthetics 土工合成材料geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察 geotextiles 土工织物 glacial soils 冰积土 grading curve 级配曲线 grain size 粒径grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度 gravel 圆砾 gravelly sand 砾砂 gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density重［力密］度gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c 、g q 、g γ ground treatment 地基处理 ground water 地下水、潜水 groundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学 grouting 灌浆 Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body) 半空间（半无限体）Hansen ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度 head [of water]水头Hheavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT] 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h 0 high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH] 高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头H hydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s d impermeable lager ，impervious stratum 不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数ω、ωo 、ωc 、ωm 、ωr initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力 initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质 in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay [CI] 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀 isotropic soil 各向同性土 JJanbu ’s method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法 joint 节理 Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K 0－consolidation K 0固结Llaminar flow 层流 landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx,σcylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法 length of foundation base 基础底面长度l limit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w P linear shrinkage ratio 线缩率 line load 线荷载 liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度 liquid limit[LL] 液限w L liquidity index[LI] 液性指数I L loading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML] 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩） major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力1、2、3marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法 maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdminmaximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30medium sand 中砂 meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩 method of slice 条分法 mingle soils 混合土 miscellaneousfill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) modulus of deformation, elasticity 变形模量E 0弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量 modulus of resilience 回弹模量 Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律 moisture-density test 击实试验 moisture ,water content 含水量(率)w montmorillonite 蒙脱石 muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土 mulching soils 覆盖土 mud pumping 翻浆冒泥 Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降 normally consolidation 归一化 normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils] 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率 organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Esoedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪 one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结（压密）optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土 overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils] 超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR] 超固结（过压密）比 Pparameters of shear strength 抗剪强度参数 partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验 passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum透水层permeability渗透性permeability test渗透试验phreatic line浸润线phreatic water潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils不良级配土pore air pressure孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p c preloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality ofsoil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D rresidual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone块石running sand流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravitydensity 饱和重度satscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow]渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Qseepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress(pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz 、σcsemi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshearresistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s 、sslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structureand texture土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations地基及基础soilsimprovement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soilparticles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgradereaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base 基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil 地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surfacewater 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’stheory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress 总应力total stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密）two-dimensional flow 二维流turbulent flow 紊流Uultimate bearing capacity极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil 重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunderconsolidated soil欠固结土underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样)uniformly distributed load 均布荷载undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu、粘聚力c u、内摩擦角ϕυ[unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ[un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土VVan der Waals’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力[field]Vane shear test [FVT][现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation竖向平均固结度zUvertical force of foundation top基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T vVesic’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity魏锡克极限承载力公式vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic］ viscosity［动力］粘[滞]度ηvoid ratio 孔隙比evolumetric strain 体应变volume of soil，soil particles (solids), water , air土、土粒、土中水、土中气的体积V、V s、V w、V a volume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率WWater，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρwidth of foundation base 基础底面宽度b Yyeilding flow 塑流yellow clay ,loess 黄土yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E。
土力学英文词汇资料
有空看看，当做学英语好了~ ~ ~土的分类soil classificationboulder漂石cobble卵石coarse grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土gravel石子coarse sand粗砂medium sand中砂fine sand细砂silty sand粉砂fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土clayey soil粘性土clay粘土silty clay粉质粘土silt粉土sandy silt砂质粉土clayey silt粘质粉土Residual soil 残积土clay minerals 粘土矿物secondary minerals 次生矿物fill (soil) 填土soft clay 软粘土expansive (swelling) soil 膨胀土peat 泥炭frozen soil 冻土over consolidated soil 超固结土normally consolidated soil 正常固结土under consolidated soil欠固结土saturated soil饱和土unsaturated soil非饱和土borehole columnar section 钻孔柱状图engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察geotechnical engineering岩土工程foundation engineering 基础工程soil, earth 土soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载reloading 再加载viscoelastic foundation 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼shear modulus 剪切模量soil dynamics土动力学stress path 应力路径numerical geotechnic 数值岩土力学landslide 滑坡Atterberg limits阿太堡界限degree of saturation饱和度dry unit weight干重度moist unit weight湿重度saturated unit weight饱和重度effective unit weight有效重度density密度compactness 密实度maximum dry density最大干密度optimum water content最优含水量three phase diagram三相图tri-phase soil三相土soil fraction粒组sieve analysis筛分hydrometer analysis比重计分析uniformity coefficient不均匀系数coefficient of gradation级配系数Darcy's law 达西定律piping 管涌flowing soil流土sand boiling砂沸flow net流网seepage渗透（流）leakage渗流seepage pressure渗透压力permeability渗透性seepage force渗透力hydraulic gradient水力梯度coefficient of permeability渗透系数。
岩土工程常用英文
岩土工程常用英文，注岩必备Soil Mechanics 土力学Geotechnical Engineering 岩土工程1physical properties 物理性质three phases of soil 土的三相组成Physical indexes 物理性质指标Density 密度cohesionless soil 无粘性土cohesive soil 粘性土permeability 渗透性solid 固相liquid 液相vapor phase 气相weathering 风化transportation 搬运sedimentation 沉积original mineral 原生矿物secondary mineral 次生矿物clay mineral 粘土矿物particle size distribution 颗粒级配huge particle group 巨粒（粒组）gross particle group 粗粒（粒组）fine particle group 细粒（粒组）sieve analysis 筛分法hydrometer analysis 水分法coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of curvature 曲率系数three-phase diagram 三相简图mass/quality 质量volume 体积density of soil 土的密度unit weight 容重，重度cutting ring 环刀specific gravity of soil 土的相对密度moisture content 含水率combined water 结合水free water 自由水adustion method 燃烧法void ratio 孔隙比（e）porosity 孔隙率（n）degree of saturation 饱和度bulk density of soil 土的堆积密度(moist) unit weight 湿重度Dry density 干密度Dry unit weight 干重度Saturated density 饱和密度Saturated unit weight 饱和重度Buoyant density 浮密度Buoyant unit weight 浮重度（有效重度）Compactness/density 密实度Void ratio of soil in the loosest/densest state 密实/松散状态土的孔隙比Loose 松散Medium 中密Dense 密实Standard penetration test 标准贯入试验（SPT）Limit water content 界限含水量Shrinkage limit 缩限Plastic limit 塑限Solid 固态Semisolid 半固态Plastic 可塑状态Liquid 流动状态态Cone penetrometer 锥式液限仪Plasticity index 塑性指数Liquidity index 液性指数Undisturbed soil 原状土Disturbed soil 扰动土Liquid-plastic limit combined device 液塑限联合测定仪Sensitivity 灵敏度Thixotropy （粘性土的）触变性Muck 淤泥Mucky soil 淤泥质土以下单词均可表示基础或地基：Foundationsubgradegroundfoundation soilsubsoilfootingbasecompressibility 压缩性silty sand 粉土sand 砂clay 黏土diaphragm wall 隔墙，地下连续墙expansive soil ground 膨胀土地基liquefaction of sand 砂土液化landslide 滑坡triaxial apparatus 三轴试验仪，原位测试仪Finite Element Method 有限单元法clay mineral 黏土质矿物Geosynthetics 土工合成材料artificial ground 人工地基ground treatment 地基处理The Leaning Tower of Pisa 比萨斜塔Coulomb 库伦（库伦土压力理论）Darcy 达西（达西渗流定律）Rankine 朗肯（朗肯土压力理论）Boussinesque 布辛奈斯克（竖向集中力下的地基附加应力提出者）Fellenius 费伦纽斯（瑞典圆弧法分析土坡滑坡）Terzaghi 太沙基（土力学之父）3.geostatic stress 自重应力foundation base pressure 基底压力net foundation pressure 基地附加压力contact pressure 基底压力additional stress 土中附加应力stress state 应力状态self-weight 自重homogeneous soil 均质土layed soil 成层土ground water level 地下水位continuous/strip footing 连续/条形基础vertical uniform load 竖向均布荷载flexible foundation 柔性基础rigid foundation 刚性基础rectangular foundation 矩形基础vertical centric load （矩形面积）竖向中心荷载vertical eccentric load （矩形面积）竖向偏心荷载tension force 拉（应）力inclined eccentric load 斜向偏心荷载vertical point force 竖向点力vertical concentrated load 竖向集中荷载vertical uniform load 竖向均布荷载example 例子solution 解triangularly distributed load 三角形分布荷载horizontal concentrated load 横向集中荷载circular foundation 圆形基础stress concentration 应力集中stress dispersion 应力扩散anisotropic foundation 各向异性基础isotropic 各向同性semi-infinite 半无限（空间）homogeneous 均质的linear elastic material 线弹性材料depth/width/length/height 深/宽/长/高4.Compressibility 压缩性Compressibility characteristics 压缩特征Compressibility parameters 压缩指标Compressive deformation 压缩变形Settlement 沉降One-dimensional compression 一维（无侧向变形）压缩Permeability 渗透性Stress history 应力历史Consolidation 固结Pore volume 孔隙体积Confined compression test 侧限压缩试验（固结试验）Consolidometer 固结测量仪（压缩仪）Porous stone 透水石Specimen 试样Compression 压缩Compression curve 压缩曲线Compression coefficient 压缩系数（a）Compression index 压缩指数（Cc）Compression modulus 压缩模量（Es）Rebounding or swelling curve 回弹曲线Recompression curve 再压缩曲线Deformation modulus 变形模量（E0）Final / ultimate settlement 最终沉降Layerwise summation method 分层总和法（delamination total Method）Stress area method 规范法Coefficient of average additional stress 平均附加应力系数Modified coefficient 修正系数（沉降计算经验系数）Pre-consolidation pressure 先（前）期固结压力Normally consolidated soil 正常固结土Overconsolidated soil 超固结土Overconsolidation ratio 超固结比Underconsolidated soil 欠固结土Distortion settlement 瞬时沉降Primary consolidation settlement 固结沉降Secondary consolidation settlement 次固结沉降Degree of consolidation 固结度Theory of one-dimensional consolidation （太沙基）一维固结理论Darcy’s law 达西定律Excess pore water pressure 孔隙水（超静水）压力Coefficient of consolidation 固结系数Time factor 时间因数（Tv，竖向固结因数）One-way drainage 单面排水Two-way drainage 双面排水5.Shear strength 抗剪强度Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion of soil莫尔-库仑破坏准则（莫尔-库伦强度理论）Limited equilibrium of soil 土的极限平衡Direct shear test apparatus 直剪仪Shear force 剪力Metal shear box 金属剪力盒Normal force 法向力Failure envelope 破坏包线Angle of internal friction 内摩擦角Cohesion 凝聚力Elastic equilibrium 弹性平衡Limit equilibrium 极限平衡State of limit equilibrium of Soil 土的极限平衡状态Stress state 应力状态Mohr’s circle 莫尔圆Sliding surface 滑裂面Laboratory test 室内试验In-situ test 野外（原位）试验Strain-controlled 应变控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R 注）Stress-controlled 应力控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R 注）Triaxial test 三轴（压缩）试验Vane shear apparatus test 十字板剪切试验Unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水试验Consolidated undrained test 固结不排水试验Consolidated drained test 固结排水试验Major principle stress 最大主应力Minor principle stress 最小主应力Intermediate principle stress 中间主应力6.Lateral Earth Pressure 侧向土压力Retaining structure 挡土结构物Retaining Wall 挡土墙Face 墙面Back 墙背Bottom 墙底Toe 墙趾Heel 墙踵Backfill 墙后填土Earth pressure at rest 静止土压力Active earth pressure 主动土压力Passive earth pressure 被动土压力Earth pressure distribution 土压力分布The total force per unit length of the wall 单位长度墙总力Rankine’s theory of earth pressure 朗肯土压力理论Rigid 刚性的No frictional vertical wall back 光滑竖直墙背Horizontal filling surface 水平填土面Cohesionless soil 无粘性土Cohesive soil 粘性土Failure wedge 破裂楔形体Force polygons 力的多边形Gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙Cantilevel retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙Counterfort retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙Anchoring technique （土层）锚固技术Geosynthetic reinforced retaining wall 土工合成材料加筋挡土墙Stability 稳定性Bearing capacity /bearing pressure 地基承载力Wall strength 墙身强度Safety against overturning 抗倾覆安全性Safety against sliding 抗滑移安全性。
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土力学词汇英汉对照编写人：邵俐审核人：刘松玉、张克恭东南大学交通学院二00五年三月Aabsorbed water 吸着水accumulation sedimentation method累积沉淀法active earth pressure主动土压力E aactivity index 活性指数Aadamic earth,red soil 红粘土additional stress(pressure)of subsoil地基附加应力（压力）σzadverse geologic phenomena 不良地质现象aeolian soils 风积土aeolotropic soil 各向异性土air dried soils 风干土allowable subsoil bearing capacity地基容许承载力［σ0］allowable settlement 容许沉降alluvial soil 冲积土angle between failure plane and major principal plane破坏面与大主平面的夹角angle of internal，external (wall) friction 内摩擦角ϕ、外(墙背)摩擦角angular gravel,angular pebble 角砾anisotropic soil 各向异性土aquifer 含水层aquifuge,impermeabler layer 不透水层area of foundation base 基础底面面积A artesian water head 承压水头artificial fills 人工填土artificial foundation 人工地基Atterberg Limits 阿太堡界限attitude 产状average consolidation pressure平均固结压力average heaving ratio of frozen soil layer 冻土层的平均冻胀率ηaverage pressure ,additional pressure of foundation base基底平均压力、平均附加压力p、p0Bbase tilt factor of foundation基础倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbase tilt factors基底倾斜系数b c、b q、bγbearing capacity 承载力bearing capacity factors承载力系数N c,、N q,、Nγ[California]Bearing Ratio [CBR] 承载比bearing stratum 持力层bedrock,original rock 基岩beginning hydraulic gradient起始水力梯度(坡降)i oBiot consolidation theory 比奥固结理论Bishop’s slice method 比肖普条分法bound water 结合水(束缚水)boulder 漂石Boussinesq theory 布辛奈斯克理论bridge 桥梁bridge pier 桥墩broken stone，crushed stone 碎石bulk modulus 体积模量buried depth of foundation 基础埋置深度dbuoyant density 浮密度ρ'buoyant gravity density(unit weight)浮重度（容重）γ’CCalifornia Bearing Ratio(CBR)加州承载比capillary rise 毛细水上升高度capillary water 毛细（管）水categorization of geotechnical projects 岩土工程分级cementation 胶结作用central load 中心荷载（轴心荷载）characteristic value of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力特征值f akchemical grouting 化学灌浆circular footing圆形基础clay 粘土clay content 粘粒含量clay minerals 粘土矿物clayey silt 粘质粉土clayey soils ,clayly soils 粘性土coarse aggregate 粗骨料coarse-grained soils 粗粒土coarse sand 粗砂cobble 卵石Code for design of building foundation 建筑地基基础设计规范coefficient of active earth pressure主动土压力系数K acoefficient of passive earth pressure被动土压力系数K Pcoefficient of collapsibility湿陷系数δs coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数a coefficient of curvature 曲率系数C ccoefficient of earth pressure at rest静止土压力系数Kcoefficient of lateral pressure侧压力系数K0coefficient of permeability 渗透系数k coefficient of secondary consolidation次固结系数coefficient of uniformity 不均匀系数coefficient of vertical consolidation竖向固结(压密)系数c v.coefficient of vertical ，horizontal permeability 竖向、水平向渗透系数k hcoefficient of vertical ，horizontal，tangential additional stress beneath auniform strip load 均布条形荷载下竖向、水平向、切向附加应力系数αsz、αsx、αsxz coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a uniform roundload at centre point均布圆形荷载中点下竖向、平均附加应力系数αr、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress beneath a triangular distributed rectangle load at corner point三角形分布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αt1、αt2、、coefficient of vertical additional ,average additional stress of beneath a uniform rectangle load at corner point 均布矩形荷载角点下竖向、附加、平均附加应力系数αc、coefficient of vertical additional stress beneath a concentration load 集中应力系数αcoefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coefficient of volume compression体积压缩系数m Vcoefficient of weathering 风化系数cohesionless soils 无粘性土cohesive soils 粘性土collapsibility 湿陷性compactibility 压实性compaction by rolling 碾压法compaction test 击实试验compaction factor 压实系数λccompactness 密实度composite ground 复合地基compressibility 压缩性 compression index 压缩指数C c compression(constrained modulus) 压缩（侧限）模量E scompression zone 受力层，压缩层 compression-curves压缩曲线（e -p 和e -log p 曲线） compressive strength 抗压强度concentrated load 集中力P [static]cone penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验confined water head 承压水头 confining pressure ［周］围压[力]consistency 稠度 consistency limit 稠度界限consolidated quick (direct) shear test 固结快剪（直剪）试验consolidated quick shear cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c cq 、ϕcqconsolidated undrained triaxial compression test [CU-test] 固结不排水三轴压缩试验 consolidated-undrained cohesion 、angle of internal friction 固结不排水粘聚力、内摩擦角c cu 、ϕcuconsolidation apparatus 固结仪、压缩仪、渗压仪consolidation curve 固结 (d -和d -log t 曲线) consolidation settlement 固结沉降s cconsolidation test (contain compression test ) 固结(压密)试验（含有压缩试验） constrained diameter of soil partical 限制粒径 d 60constrained modulus 侧限模量E scontact stress( pressure) 接触应力（压力） contaminated soil 污染土 corner-point method 角点法 Coulomb ’s theory of earth pressure 库伦土压力理论creep 蠕变critical edge 、critical, ultimate load of subsoil bearing capacity 地基承载力的临塑荷载p cr 、临界荷载p 1/3 p 1/4、极限荷载p u critical height of slope （土坡）临界高度critical hydraulic gradient 临界水力梯度i cr critical void raio 临界孔隙比 crushed stone,broken stone 碎石culvert 涵洞 cushion 垫层cyclic triaxial test 周期三轴试验D damping ratio 阻尼比λ Darcy ’s law 达西定律 Debris flow 泥石流 deep foundation 深基础 deep mixing method 深层搅拌法degree of compaction 压实度λcdegree of consolidation 固结度U degree of saturation 饱和度S rdensification by sand pile 挤密砂桩 density 密度depth factor of foundation 基础深度系数d c 、d q 、d γ differential settlement 沉降差 dike,levee 堤 dilatancy 剪胀性diluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial soils 洪积土direct shear test 直[接]剪[切]试验 dispersive clay 分散性粘土 disturbed samples 扰动土样 double layer 双电层drainage cohesion, angle of internal friction 排水［剪］粘聚力、内摩擦角c d 、ϕd drained shear strength 排水抗剪强度τd［consolidated ］drained triaxial ［compression ］test [CD-test]［固结］排水三轴［压缩］试验 drift-sand 流砂［现象］dry density 干密度ρddry gravity density (unit weight)干重度(容重)γddynamic elastic modulus 动弹性模量E d dynamic load 动荷载dynamic penetration test 动力触探试验dynamic triaxial test 动三轴试验dynamic shear modulus 动剪切模量G ddynamic strain，stress 动应变εd、动应力σdEEarth dam 土坝Earth material 土料earth pressure at rest 静止土压力E0 earthquake engineering 地震工程学earth－rock dam 土石坝earthwork 土石方工程eccentric load 偏心荷载eccentricity of foundation base loading (result of forces) 基础底面荷载合力偏心距e effective angle of internal friction有效内摩擦角ϕ’effective cohesion 有效粘聚力c’effective grain size 有效粒径d10effective stress 有效应力σ’effective stress path[ESP] 有效应力路径elastic modulus，Young’s modulus 弹性模量E electro-osmosis 电渗embankments 路堤engineering geologic columnar profile 工程地质柱状图engineering geologic exploration工程地质勘察engineering geologic drilling 工程地质钻探engineering geologic evaluation 工程地质评价engineering geologic map 工程地质图engineering geologic mapping 工程地质测绘engineering geologic profile工程地质剖面图engineering geology 工程地质学environmental geotechnics 环境岩土工程学equipotential lines 等势线excavation 开挖excess hydrostatic pressure 超静水压力excess pore water pressure (stress)超孔隙水压力(应力)expansibility and contractility 胀缩性expansion ,swelling index 回弹指数C eexpansive soil 膨胀土experience factor of settlement calculation 沉降计算经验系数Ffactor of safety 安全系数failure strength 破坏强度failure surface 破坏面fault 断层field identification 土的现场鉴别field observation 现场观测fill 填土film water，film moisture 薄膜水filter 反滤层final settlement 最终沉降量sfinal settlement by settlement observation calculating 沉降观测推算的最终沉降量s∞fine sand 细砂fine-grained soils, fines 细粒土fissured soils 裂隙粘土fissured water 裂隙水flocculent structure 絮凝结构flow line流线flow net 流网fold 褶皱flowing sand 流砂[现象]fluvial soils 冲积土footing ，foundation 基础foundation settlement 地基（基础）沉降fraction 粒组free swelling ratio自由膨胀率δeffree water 自由水free water elevation ，surface 地下水位 freezing method 冻结法friction coefficient of foundation base 基底摩擦系数μfriction －resistance ratio 摩阻比 frost boiling 翻浆frozen heaving properties 冻胀性 frozen soils 冻土 GGap －graded soil 不连续级配土 General-shear failure 整体剪切破坏 generalized procedure of slices[GPS] 普通条分法[vertical]geostatic(self weight) stress (pressure) [竖向]自重应力（压力）σc 、σcz geosynthetics 土工合成材料 geotechnical engineering 岩土工程 geotechnical investigation 岩土工程勘察 geotextiles 土工织物 glacial soils 冰积土 grading curve 级配曲线grain size 粒径 grain size accumulation curve 粒径累计（积）曲线 granularity 粒度 gravel 圆砾 gravelly sand 砾砂 gravelly soils 砾类土gravitational acceleration 重力加速度g gravitational water 重力水 gravity density 重［力密］度γ gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙 ground tilt factor 地面倾斜系数g c 、g q 、g γ ground treatment 地基处理 ground water 地下水、潜水 groundwaterlevel[GWL],groundwaterelevation ,surface, [ground] water table[GWT] 地下水位groundwater dynamics 地下水动力学grouting 灌浆 Hhalf-space(semi-infinite body)半空间（半无限体） Hansen ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 汉森极限承载力公式hardness degree of rock 岩石坚硬程度 head [of water] 水头H heavy dynamic penetration test[HDPT] 重型动力触探试验height of retaining wall 挡土墙高度H heigth of tensile area 拉力区高度h 0 high liquid limit clay ,mo[CH],[MH]高液限粘土、粉土 highway 公路honeycomb structure 蜂窝结构 hydraulic gradient 水力梯度I hydraulic head 水头Hhydrometer method 比重计法 hydrostatic pressure 静水压力 Iillite 伊利石immediate settlement 瞬时沉降s d impermeable lager ，impervious stratum 不透水层inclined load 倾斜荷载 influence coefficients of settlement 沉降影响系数ω、ωo 、ωc 、ωm 、ωr initial collapse pressure 湿陷起始压力 initial tangent modulus 初始切线模量E i inorganic mineral substance 无机矿物质 in-situ test 原位测试in-situ bearing test 现场承载力试验 intermediam liquid limit clay [CI] 中液限粘土internal friction angle 内摩擦角internal scour 潜蚀 isotropic soil 各向同性土 JJanbu ’s method of slices 杨布条分法 jet grouting method 高压喷射注浆法 joint 节理 Kkaolinite 高岭石karst land feature 喀斯特地貌K 0－consolidation K 0固结Llaminar flow 层流landslide 滑坡land subsidence 地面下沉lateral geostatic stress 侧向自重应力σcx, σcylaterite 红土layer-wise summation method 分层总和法length of foundation base 基础底面长度llimit equilibrium condition 极限平衡条件limit of plasticity 塑限w Plinear shrinkage ratio 线缩率line load 线荷载liquefaction 液化liquefaction resistance 抗液化强度liquid limit[LL] 液限w Lliquidity index[LI] 液性指数I L loading test 载荷试验local shear failure 局部剪切破坏 loess 黄土logarithmic spiral 对数螺旋线 low liquid limit clay,mo[CL],[ML] 低液限粘土、粉土 MMagmatic rock (igneous rock) 岩浆岩（火成岩） major, intermediate, minor principle stress 大、中、小主应力σ1、σ2、σ3 marine soils 海积土mass circle sliding method 整体圆弧滑动法 maximum ，minimum void ratio 最大、最小孔隙比e max 、e minmaximum 、minimum pressure of foundation base 基底最大、最小压力p max 、p minmaximum, minimum dry density 最大、最小干密度ρdmax 、ρdmin maximum dry density 最大干密度maximum expanded depth of plasticity region 塑性区最大发展深度z maxmedian grain diameter 中值粒径d 30 medium sand 中砂meniscus 弯液面metamorphic rock 变质岩method of slice 条分法mingle soils 混合土miscellaneous fill 杂填土mo,silts,silty soils 粉土(粉性土、粉质土)modulus of deformation, elasticity变形模量E 0 弹性模量Emodulus of recompression 再压缩模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量Mohr-Coulomb law 摩尔库仑定律moisture-density test 击实试验moisture ,water content 含水量(率)wmontmorillonite 蒙脱石muck, muck soils 淤泥、淤泥质土 mulching soils 覆盖土 mud pumping 翻浆冒泥 Nnatural angle of repose 自然（天然）休止角 nomal stress 法向应力σx 、σy 、σz non-cohesive soils 无粘性土 non-uniform settlement 不均匀沉降normally consolidation 归一化normally consolidated soils[N.C.soils] 正常固结土 Ooptimum moisture content 最优含水率 organic soil 有机质土Oedometer modulus 侧向压缩模量Eoed 、Es oedometer 固结仪、压缩仪、渗透仪one-dimensional consolidation 单向固结 （压密） optimum moisture ，（water ） content最优含水量(率)w oporganic soil 有机质土，有机土organic substance,organic matter 有机质original rock 基岩over coarse-grained soils 巨粒土overburden soils 覆盖土overconsolidated soils[O.C,soils]超固结(过压密)土overconsolidation ratio [OCR]超固结（过压密）比Pparameters of shear strength抗剪强度参数partical size 粒径partical size analysis 颗粒分析试验passive earth pressure 被动土压力E ppath of percolation 渗[透途]径Hpeat 泥炭pebble 圆砾penetration resistace 贯入阻力percent of soil particles 土粒百分含量p i perched water 上层滞水perennially frozen soil 多年冻土permeable layer ,pervious stratum 透水层permeability 渗透性permeability test 渗透试验phreatic line 浸润线phreatic water 潜水、地下水physical properties of rock 岩石的物理性质piezocone test[CPTU] 孔压静力触探试验piezometric head 测压管水头piezometer head 测压管水头hpiping 管涌plane strain test 平面应变试验plastic failure 塑性破坏plastic flow 塑流plastic limit[PL] 塑限w Pplastic strain 塑性应变plastic zone塑性区plasticity chart 塑性图plasticity index[PI] 塑性指数I pplate loading test 平板载荷试验point loading 点荷载试验Poisson’s ratio 泊松比μpoorly-graded soils 不良级配土pore air pressure 孔隙气压力pore water pressure(stress)孔隙水压力（应力）upore pressure(stress) parameters孔隙压力（应力）系数A、Bpore pressure ratio 孔隙压力比porewater 孔隙水porosity 孔隙率npreconsolidation pressure先（前）期固结压力p cpreloading method 预压法pressure bulb 压力泡pressuremeter test[PMT] 旁（横）压试验primary consolidation 主固结primary mineral 原生矿物principal stress 主应力σ1、σ2、σ3principle of effective strress 有效应力原理proctor ［compaction］test普罗克特［击实］试验proportional limit load 比例界限荷载p prpumping test 抽水试验punching-shear failure 冲[切]剪[切]破坏Qquality of soil, soil particles (solids),water土、土粒、水的质量m、m s、m wQuaternary deposit 第四纪沉积层quicksand 流砂[现象]quick shear cohesion, angle of internal friction 快剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c q、ϕqquick[shear] test 快剪试验RRadius of influence 影响半径Rankine’s theory of earth pressure朗肯土压力理论rate of settlement 沉降速率ratio of length to width 长宽比mrebound modulus 回弹摸量recompression curve 再压缩曲线rectangular footing 矩形基础red clay ,adamic earth 红粘土regional soils 特殊[性]土，区域性土relative density [RD] 相对密(实)度D r residual deformation 残余变形residual soils 残积土residual strength 残余强度rubble ，rubble-stone 块石running sand 流砂[现象]rupture surface 破坏面Ssaline soil 盐积土sand drain 排水砂井sand particle content 砂粒含量sand boiling 砂沸（涌）现象、喷水冒砂sandy silt 砂质粉土sandy soils, sands砂土(砂类土、砂性土、砂质土)saturated density 饱和密度ρsatsaturated gravity density 饱和重度γsatscale effect 尺度效应screw plate loading test[SPLT]螺旋板载荷试验seasonally frozen soil 季节冻土secondary compression （consolidation）index 次压缩（固结）指数Cαsecondary compression (consolidation)settlement ,creep settlement次压缩（固结）沉降s ssecondary mineral 次生矿物secondary red clay 次生红粘土seepage[flow] 渗流（漏）seepage deformation渗透变形seepage failure 渗透破坏seepage discharge 渗流量Q seepage force 渗流力（动水力）G Dseepage line 浸润线(渗流线)seepage velocity 渗流速度vseepage path 渗径[verticale ]self weight (geostatic)stress (pressure)[竖向]自重应力（压力）σcz、σc semi—infinite elastic 半无限弹性体sensitivity 灵敏度Stsettlement calculation depth 沉降计算深度zn shallow foundation浅基础shape factor of foundation基础形状系数s c、s q、sγshear failure 剪切破坏shear modulus 剪切模量Gshear resistance 剪阻力或抗剪力shear strain 剪应变shear strength 抗剪强度τfshear strength envelope 抗剪强度包线shear stress 剪应力τsheet pile wall 板桩墙shrinkage limit[SL] 缩限w ssieve analysis test 筛分试验silty clay 粉质粘土silty sand 粉砂silty soils,silts,mo 粉土(粉性土、粉质土) single-grained structure 单粒结构size fraction 粒组slip surface 滑动面slope stability 土坡稳定性slope wash,slope materials 坡积土slow shear cohesion，angle of internal friction 慢剪粘聚力、内摩擦角c s、ϕsslow(direct)shear test 慢剪试验soft clay 软粘土soft foundation 软弱地基soil 土soil classification 土的分类soil cohesion， angle of internal friction土的粘聚力c、内摩擦角ϕsoil dynamics 土动力学soil fabric 土的组构soil flow 流土soil mechanics 土力学soil nailing 土钉soil sampler 取土器soil skeleton 土骨架soil structure and texture 土的结构和构造soil supporting layer，substrate地基持力层、下卧层soil，foundation and superstructure interaction 地基、基础与上部结构相互作用soils and Foundations 地基及基础soils improvement 地基处理special soils 特殊（性）土specific gravity of soil particles土粒比重G sspecific penetration resistance比贯入阻力p sspecific surface 比表面（积）split test 劈裂试验(巴西试验)SPT blow count 标[准]贯[入试验锤]击数N square footing 方形基础stability of foundation soil 地基稳定性stability against sliding抗滑稳定性stability number 稳定数N sstability number method 稳定数法standard penetration test [SPT]标准贯入试验static penetration test[CPT] 静力触探试验static failure strength 静力破坏强度σfstip foundation条形基础Stokes’ law 司笃克斯定律Stones,stoney soils 碎石[类]土stress、strain 应力σ、应变εstress history，path,level应力历史、路径、水平stress concentration 应力集中strength envelope 强度包线strength of active earth pressure主动土压力强度σastrength of passive earth pressure主动土压力强度σpstrength of earth pressure at rest静止土压力强度σ0strip load 条形荷载subgrade 路基、地基subgrade reaction 地基反力superimposed pressure of foundation base基底平均附加压力psuperimposed stress （pressure）of subsoil地基附加应力(压力)σzsurcharge[load] 超载surface tension 表面张力surface water 地表水surface wave velocity method 表面波法Swedish circle method 瑞典圆弧法swelling force 膨胀力swelling，expansion index 回弹(膨胀)指数C eswelling ratio 膨胀率syncline 向斜T[ground]table 地下水Terzaghi’s theory of one dimensional consolidation 太沙基一维固结理论Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity太沙基极限承载力thaw collapse融陷thick wall sampler 厚壁取土器thinwall sampler 薄壁取土器thixotropy 触变性three phase diagram 三相图tilt factors of load荷载倾斜系数i c、i q、iγtime factor 时间因数total stress总应力σtotal stress path [TSP]总应力路径transducer 传感器triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验true triaxial test 真三轴试验two-dimensional consolidation 二维固结（压密） two-dimensional flow 二维流 turbulent flow 紊流 Uultimate bearing capacity 极限承载力unconfined compression strength of remolded soil重塑土的无侧限抗压强度q u 'unconfined compressive strength无侧限抗压强度q uunder consolidated soil 欠固结土 underground diaphragm wall 地下连续墙 underlying stratum 下卧层undisturbed soil sample 不扰动土样(原状土样) uniformly distributed load 均布荷载 undrained shear strength cohesion ,angle of internal f riction不排水抗剪强度τu 、粘聚力c u 、内摩擦角ϕυ [unconsolidation]undrained triaxial compression test[UU-test][不固结]不排水三轴压缩试验unit weight 容重γ [un]uniformity coefficient 不均匀系数C u unsaturated soil 非饱和土 VVan der Waals ’ [bonding]forces 范德华（键）力 [field]Vane shear test [FVT] [现场]十字板剪切试验vertical average degree of consolidation 竖向平均固结度vertical force of foundation top 基础顶面竖向力Fvertical time factor 竖向时间因数T v Vesic ’s formula of ultimate bearing capacity 魏锡克极限承载力公式 vibration frequency 振次n［dynamic ］ viscosity ［动力］粘[滞]度η void ratio 孔隙比e volumetric strain 体应变volume of soil ，soil particles (solids), water ,air 土、土粒 、土中水 、土中气 的体积V 、V s 、V w 、V avolume of void 孔隙体积V vvolume shrinkage ratio 体缩率 WWater ，moisture content 含水量(率)wwater content ratio 含水比uwater table 地下水位weak ground 软弱地基weathering 风化 weighted average gravity density(unit weight) 加权平均重度(容重)γ0 well-graded soil 良好级配土wet density 湿密度ρ width of foundation base 基础底面宽度b Yyeilding flow 塑流 yellow clay ,loess 黄土 yield 屈服yield criteria 屈服准则Young ’s modulus,elastic modulus 弹性模量E。