第1套答案.doc
工地试验室考题A卷第1套有答案
选项：A. 100% B. 90% C. 80% D. 70%
第2题答案
题目：工地试验室考题A卷第1套第2题
答案：B
第3题答案
正确答案：D
答案解析：D选项是正确的，因为工地试验室考题A卷第1套答案中第3题的正确答案就是D。
第4题答案
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题目：工地试验室考题A卷第1套第4题
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简答题4的题目是“简述工地试验室的主要功能。”
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答案：工地试验室主要负责原材料检测、混凝土配合比设计及性能检测、砂浆配合比设计及性能检测、土方路基检测以及其他试验检测工作。
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注意事项：在工地试验室进行试验检测时，应注意遵守相关规定和操作规程，保证试验结果的准确性和可靠性。
05
计算题
第1题答案
计算题1答案：C
计算题2答案：B
计算题3答案：D
计算题4答案：A
第2题答案
注意事项：计算过程中应注意单位换算和精度要求
答案解析：本题考查的是混凝土配合比的计算，需要掌握各材料用量的计算方法和精度要求
计算步骤：先计算混凝土的配合比，再根据配合比计算各材料用量
计算结果：水泥284kg，砂646kg，石1305kg，水160kg
解析：这道题主要考察了工地试验室的职责，需要考生对工地试验室的工作内容有较为全面的了解。
相关考点：工地试验室是工程质量控制的重要环节，其职责还包括对施工过程进行监控，确保工程质量符合相关标准和设计要求。
第4题答案
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解析：工地试验室是施工现场质量控制的重要环节，通过对原材料、混凝土、砂浆等进行检测，确保施工质量符合设计要求和规范标准。
简答题3：简述工地试验室在工程验收时应做好的几项工作。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题与参考答案（第1套）
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题与参考答案（第1套）2019 年6 月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第 1 套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a news reportto your campus newspaper on a volunteer activity organized by your StudentUnion to assist elderly people in the neighborhood.You should write at least120 words but no more than180 words.【参考范文】On June 14, Friday, a volunteer activity where many students took an activepart in visiting the local Nursing House was organized by the Student Unionand it turns out to be a big success.The activity was aimed at encouraging students to visit the elderly at theand psychological. Many students volunteered to participate in this good deedand were engaged in helping the elderly here out by making their meals,washing their clothes and chatting with them. When asked about thosevolunteers ’feelings about such an experience, all of them responded with asmile, saying “what a wonde rful practice and I really appreciate this experience,for it makes me learn to care more for others in need. ”All in all, the activity turns out to be a success not only for the visited elderly butfor those students involved.【参考范文译文】6 月14 日，星期五，学生会组织了一个参观当地敬老院的志愿活动，许多学生都积极参与其中，该活动取得了巨大的成功。
计算机二级考试第一套试题参考答案及解析
第1套参考答案及解析一、字处理题1.【微步骤】步骤1：打开考生文件夹下的文档"word.docx"。
步骤2：单击"页面布局"选项卡→"页面设置"组的对话框启动器，打开"页面设置"对话框，在"页边距"选项卡中的"页边距"区域中设置页边距（上、下）为5厘米，页边距（左、右）为3厘米。
步骤3：将"纸张"选项卡的"纸张大小"区域设置为"自定义"，然后设置页面高度为35厘米，页面宽度为27厘米。
步骤4：单击"页面布局"选项卡→"页面背景"组的"页面颜色"右侧的下三角按钮，在打开"页面颜色"下拉列表中，选择"填充效果"选项，打开"填充效果"对话框，单击"图片"选项卡中的"选择图片"按钮，选择考生文件夹下的图片"Word-海报背景图片.jpg"，这样就设置好了海报背景。
2.【微步骤】步骤1：选中文本"领慧讲堂就业讲座"，设置其字号为"初号"，字体为"微软雅黑"，颜色为"红色"。
步骤2：选中文本"欢迎大家踊跃参加！"，设置字号为"小初"，字体为"华文行楷"，颜色为"白色"。
步骤3：选中文本"报告题目""报告人""报告日期""报告时间""报告地点""主办"，设置字号为"二号"，字体为"黑体"，颜色为"蓝色"。
中医内科学试题及答案(第1套)
中医内科学试题及答案1、“癃闭”之名，首见于A.《内经》B.《伤寒杂病论》C.《诸病源候论》D.《千金要方》E.《丹溪心法》【答案】A2、何书提出用诸泻心汤治疗痞满A.《伤寒论》B.《金匮要略》C.《兰室秘藏》D.《丹溪心法》E.《医林改错》【答案】A3、关节肿胀，痛有定处，僵硬，屈伸不利，肌肤紫暗或瘀斑等，辨为A.痰B.瘀C.湿D.寒E.热【答案】B4、患者张某，女，62岁。
眩晕，头重如蒙，胸闷恶心，食少寐多，舌苔白腻，脉滑。
治疗应首选A.苓桂术甘汤B.半夏白术天麻汤C.黄连温胆汤D.半夏厚朴汤E.半夏秫米汤【答案】B5、外湿证的临床表现是A.恶寒发热，无汗头痛B.发热恶风，头痛汗出C.发热汗出，口渴乏力D.胸脘痞闷，四肢沉重E.干咳少痰，口渴饮水【答案】D6、患者小便不甚赤涩，溺痛不甚，但淋沥不已，时作时止，遇劳即发，腰酸膝软，神疲乏力，舌淡，脉细弱，其最佳选方应为A.无比山药丸B.补中益气汤C.知柏地黄丸D.膏淋汤E.七味都气丸【答案】A7、提出积聚治疗“总其要不过四法，曰攻曰消曰散曰补，四者而已”的医家是A.朱丹溪B.李中梓C.丹波元坚D.王肯堂E.张景岳【答案】E8、患者，男，65岁。
咳嗽，痰少而黄，身热汗出，恶风，口渴，舌尖红，苔薄黄，脉浮数。
其证型是A.燥热伤肺B.风热犯肺C.肝火犯肺D.痰热郁肺E.热邪壅肺【答案】B9、阳虚秘的代表方为A.四神丸B.理中丸C.济川煎D.暖肝煎E.金匮肾气丸【答案】C10、患者，男，65岁。
平素有咳喘宿疾。
近两年汗出恶风，稍劳汗出尤甚，头部出汗为主，易于感冒，体倦乏力，周身酸楚，面白少华，舌苔薄白，脉细弱。
其治法是A.调和营卫B.益气固表C.清热养阴生津D.补血养心E.补益肺肾【答案】B11、瘀血阻滞，气血壅遏而导致的内伤发热。
治疗宜选用A.通瘀煎B.血府逐瘀汤C.通窍活血汤D.调营饮E.桃红饮【答案】B12、下列各项中属于暑证临床表现的是A.头昏如裹B.胸闷脘痞C.肌肉酸痛D.头身疼痛E.猝然昏倒【答案】E13、虚体感冒可见下列哪些证型A.气虚感冒B.阴虚感冒C.阳虚感冒D.风寒束表E.暑湿伤表【答案】A B C14、外湿证的临床表现是A.恶寒发热，无汗头痛B.发热恶风，头痛汗出C.发热汗出，口渴乏力D.胸脘痞闷，四肢沉重E.干咳少痰，口渴饮水【答案】D15、肺痿虚热证的治疗主方是A.沙参麦冬汤B.百合固金汤C.麦门冬汤D.麦门冬汤合清燥救肺汤E.月华丸【答案】D16、治疗便秘的基本法则是A.补中益气B.滋阴增液C.顺气导滞D.润肠通便E.温里散寒17、内伤发热属实证，其病机主要是A.气郁化火B.瘀血阻滞C.痰湿停聚D.营卫失和E.阳气亢盛【答案】A B C18、胃痞发生的病机关键是A.肝脾肾三脏失调，痰气瘀交结B.胃气阻滞，胃失和降C.胃失和降，膈间气机不利，胃气上逆动膈D.中焦气机不利，脾胃升降失职E.胃失和降，胃气上逆【答案】D19、泄泻证候类型有A.湿热B.食滞C.寒湿E.脾胃虚弱【答案】A B C D E20、虚劳的辨证要点包括A.辨脏腑病位B.辨证候的标本主次C.辨有无兼夹病证D.辨五脏气血阴阳亏虚的不同E.辨病势顺逆与轻重【答案】A B C D E21、内伤头痛与哪些脏腑有关A.心B.肝C.脾D.肺E.肾【答案】B C D22、积证气滞血阻证，如腹中冷痛，畏寒喜温，舌苔白，加A.肉桂B.吴茱萸C.黄芪D.当归E.党参【答案】A B D23、患者孙某，女，69岁。
中医内科学模拟试题及答案(第1套)
中医内科学试题及答案1、“渴而多饮为上消，消谷善饥为中消，渴而便数有膏为下消”，何著作对三消的临床分类做了规范A.《儒门事亲》B.《诸病源候论》C.《景岳全书》D.《证治准绳》E.《丹溪心法》【答案】D2、胃痞发生的病机关键是A.肝脾肾三脏失调，痰气瘀交结B.胃气阻滞，胃失和降C.胃失和降，膈间气机不利，胃气上逆动膈D.中焦气机不利，脾胃升降失职E.胃失和降，胃气上逆【答案】D3、血虚秘的主要临床表现有A.大便干结B.面色无华，头晕目眩C.心悸气短，健忘少寐，口唇色淡D.舌淡苔少，脉细E.腰膝酸软【答案】A B C D4、痰火扰神所致狂证的治法是A.调畅气血B.滋阴降火C.镇心涤痰D.清肝泻火E.安神定志【答案】C D5、因寒凝引起腹痛的主要表现的疼痛是A.冷痛拒按而喜温B.胀痛引两胁C.冷痛喜温喜按D.刺痛固定不移E.胀满疼痛，拒按【答案】A6、水肿的治疗，《内经》提出“开鬼门”一法，是属于八法中的A.吐法B.补法C.汗法D.消法E.和法【答案】C7、最早记载泄泻相关论述的是下列哪一部医著A.《黄帝内经》B.《金匮要略》C.《诸病源候论》D.《丹溪心法》E.《医宗必读》【答案】A8、腹痛拘急，痛势急暴，遇寒痛甚，得温痛减，口淡不渴，形寒肢冷，小便清长，大便清稀，舌质淡，苔白腻，脉沉紧，当治以A.温中散寒，理气止痛B.泄热通腑，行气导滞C.消食导滞，理气止痛D.疏肝解郁，理气止痛E.活血化瘀，和络止痛【答案】A9、消渴，气上撞心，心中疼热，饥而不欲食，食则吐蛔。
选方用A.四逆汤B.五苓散C.乌梅丸D.理中汤E.黄连阿胶汤【答案】C10、患者恶风寒，微发热，汗出，流清涕，喷嚏，咽喉痒痛，咳嗽，皮肤瘙痒.丘疹，新起面睑肢体浮肿，苔薄白，脉浮缓。
下列选项中适合患者的代表方为A.香薷饮B.王氏清暑益气汤C.杏苏散D.桑菊饮E.清营汤【答案】D11、患者，女，46岁。
近日洗头后渐出现头痛如裹，肢体困重，纳呆胸闷，小便不利，大便溏泄，苔白腻，脉濡。
2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一套
2021年12月大学英语四级真题及答案第一套2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套) PartⅠ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have twooptions upon graduation: one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start abusiness of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasonsfor your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1.A. It was dangerous to live in.B. It was going to be renovated.C. He could no longer pay the rent.D. He had sold it to the royal family. 2.A. A strike.B. A storm.C. A forest fire.D. A terrorist attack.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3.A. They lost contact with the emergency department.B. They were trapped in an underground elevator.C. They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D. They sent calls for help via a portable radio. 4. A. They tried hard to repair the elevator. B. They released the details of the accident. C. They sent supplies to keep the miners warm. D. They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5.A. Raise postage rates.B. Improve its services.C. Redesign delivery routes.D. Close some of its post offices. 6. A. Shortening business hours.B. Closing offices on holidays.C. Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D. Computerizing mall sorting processes.7. A. Many post office staff will lose their jobs. B. Many people will begin to complain. C. Taxpayers will be very pleased. D. A lot of controversy will arise. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. He will be kept from promotion. B. He will go through retraining.C. He will be given a warning.D. He will lose part of his pay. 9. A. He is always on time. B. He is a trustworthy guy.C. He is an experienced press operator.D. He is on good terms with his workmates. 10. A. She is a trade union representative. B. She is in charge of public relations. C. She is a senior manager of the shop. D. She is better at handling such matters. 11. A. He is skilled and experienced.B. He is very close to the manager.C. He is always trying to stir up trouble.D. He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. Open. B. Friendly. C. Selfish. D. Reserved.13. A. They stay quiet. B. They read a book.C. They talk about the weather.D. They chat with fellow passengers.14. A. She was always treated as a foreigner. B. She was eager to visit an English castle.C. She was never invited to a colleague's home.D. She was unwilling to make friends with workmates. 15. A. Houses are much more quiet. B. Houses provide more privacy. C. They want to have more space. D. They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearthree or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA, B, C and D . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. They don't have much choice of jobs. B. They are likely to get much higher pay.C. They don't have to go through job interviews.D. They will automatically be given hiring priority. 17. A. Ask their professors for help. B. Look at school bulletin boards. C. Visit the school careers service. D. Go through campus newspapers.18. A. Helping students find the books and journals they need. B. Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere. C. Helping students arrange appointments with librarians. D. Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19.A. It tastes better.B. It is easier to grow.C. It may be sold at a higher price.D. It can better survive extreme weathers. 20. A. It is healthier than green tea. B. It can grow in drier soil.C. It will replace green tea one day.D. It is immune to various diseases.21. A. It has been well received by many tea drinkers. B. It does not bring the promised health benefits. C. It has made tea farmers' life easier.D. It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22.A. They need decorations to show their status.B. They prefer unique objects of high quality.C. They decorate their homes themselves.D. They care more about environment. 23. A. They were proud of their creations.B. They could only try to create at night.C. They made great contributions to society.D. They focused on the quality of their products. 24. A. Make wise choices. B. Identify fake crafts.C. Design handicrafts themselves.D. Learn the importance of creation.25. A. To boost the local economy. B. To attract foreign investments.C. To arouse public interest in crafts.D. To preserve the traditional culture.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense.But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes--animal fighting--things26 work out that way.Dog-fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and \yet their criminal abusers oftenreceive a28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of allfederally-convicted animalfighters only get probation (缓刑).Some progress has been made in the prosecution (起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judgesoften rely heavily on the U. S. Sentencing GuideLines when they29 penalties, and in the case ofanimal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31 these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them,proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6 - 12 to 21 - 27 months. This is a step in the right32, but we'd like to see the U. S. Sentencing Commission make further changes to the guidelines. Along with this effort, we're working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assistoverburdened animal 34 that care for animal fighting victims. This help is 35 importantbecause the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major factor that prevents people from gettinginvolved in cruelty cases in the first place. A. convenient B. creates C. critically D. determine E. direction F. hesitate G. inadequate H. inspired I. method J. minimal K. rarely L. shelters M. strengthenN. sufferings O. tortured Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph ismarked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.When Work Becomes a GameA) What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. Thepromise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few.B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be knownas \: essentially, turning work into a game. \is about understandingwhat it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience ingames, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace andeducation,\the Wharton School ofBusiness at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States.C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to thewinner, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could alsomean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies fromGoogle to L'Oréalto IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in theirworkplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that theglobal gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in 2021 to $11.1 billion by 2021.D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teachershave long looked for fun ways to engage people's reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jackshas been \100 years, headds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate (巨头) Charles Schwab is said to have often comeinto his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factoryfloor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.E) But the word \and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only beganin earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation nowentering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. \people grew up playingvideo games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,\F) A number of companies have sprung up--GamEffective, Bunchbail and Badgeville, to name a few--in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effectiveturn employees' ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. \a gamegame-like is that the player actually cares about the outcome,\Werbach says. \principle isabout understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understandingof psychology. \G) Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.Sales people often fall into thiscategory. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their saies pitches into acompetition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who is。
2024年6月大学英语四级考试真题和答案(第1套)
2024年06月大学英语四级考试真题和答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose your university is seeking students’ opinions on whether university libraries should be open to the public. You are now to write an essay to express your view. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）, B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Due to a fire alarm in their apartments.B) Because of the smoke and heat damage.C) Due to the water used to extinguish the flames.D) Because of the collapse of the three-story building.2. A) Investigating the cause of the incident.B) Helping search for the suspect of the crime.C) Rescuing the businessmen trapped in the building.D) Checking town records for the property developer.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It plays a less important role in one’s health than nutrient intake.B) It impacts people’s health to a lesser degree than sun exposure.C) It is associated with people’s mental health conditions.D) It is linked with older adults’ symptoms of depression.4. A) It was indefinite.B) It was systematic.C) It was straightforward.D) It was insignificant.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) It has helped solve several murder cases.B) It has become a star police dog in Beijing.C) It has surpassed its mother in performance.D) It has done better than naturally born dogs.6. A) To speed up investigation into criminal cases.B) To test the feasibility of cloning technology.C) To cut down training expenses.D) To reduce their training time.7. A) Cloning is too complicated a process.B) The technology is yet to be accepted.C) Cloning is ethically controversial.D) The technology is too expensive.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He read it somewhere online.B) He heard about it from a coworker.C) He read an article reviewing it.D) He watched a TV series based on it.9. A) His publications.B) His first book.C) His address.D) His name.10. A) Collect a lot more data.B) Relax a bit less often.C) Clarify many new concepts.D) Read more reference books.11. A) Find out the show’s most interesting episodes.B) Watch the series together with the woman.C) Get an e-copy of the book to read.D) Check to see when the show starts.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To check the prices of his farm produce.B) To ask the way to the Newcastle City Hall.C) To inquire about the vegetarian food festival.D) To seek the man’s help with her work on the farm.13. A) Bakers.B) Vendors.C) Vegetarians.D) Organisers.14. A) The issuing of certificates to vendors.B) The completion of the baking task.C) The festival they are organising.D) The deadline for application.15. A) The closing date of submission.B) The website of his company.C) The details of the ceremony.D) The organiser’s address.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) Most scenic sites have been closed.B) Access to official campsites is limited.C) Health experts advise going outdoors.D) People have more time during the summer.17. A) It is strongly opposed by nearby residents.B) It leads to much waste of public money.C) It has caused environmental concerns.D) It has created conflicts among campers.18. A) Look for open land in Scotland.B) Leave no trace of their camping.C) Avoid getting close to wilderness.D) Ask for permission from authorities.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They outcompete mythical creatures.B) They usually mind their own business.C) They truly exist in the Amazon region.D) They resemble alarmingly large snakes.20. A) Scar tissue from dolphins’ fighting.B) Skin infection from water pollution.C) Unhealed wounds from snake bites.D) Swimming along in seasonal floods.21. A) It has been shrinking at an astonishing pace.B) It has been placed under international protection.C) It has been appealing to both freshwater and sea dolphins.D) It has been abandoned as a battleground for male dolphins.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) About 58% of young adults call parental support the new normal.B) Most adult children enjoy increasing sources of financial support.C) A full 70% of the young adults cannot afford to buy a car by themselves.D) Most early adults cannot sustain their lifestyles without parental support.23. A) It renders them dependent.B) It causes them to lose dignity.C) It makes them mentally immature.D) It hinders them from getting ahead.24. A) It challenges one’s willpower.B) It results from education.C) It calls for due assistance.D) It defines adulthood.25. A) Current lifestyles.B) Poor budgeting.C) College loans.D) Emergency expenses.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．It’s well known that physical exercise is beneficial not just to physical health but also to mental health. Yet whereas most countries have____26____, evidence-backed guidelines on the type and intensity of exercise____27____for various physical health benefits, such guidelines do not yet exist for exercise and mood.This is____28____due to a lack of necessary evidence. However, a new systematic review brings us usefully up-to-date on the current findings in this area.Before____29____into some of the key take-aways, animportant____30____made in the review is between aerobic exercise and anaerobic. The former____31____such things as walking, jogging and cycling and means exercising in such a way that your body is able to use oxygen to burn fat for energy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise—such as lifting heavy weights—is of such____32____intensity that your body does not have time to use oxygen to create energy and so instead it breaks down glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood or muscles.Beginning first with the influence of exercise intensity on the moodbenefits of aerobic exercise, the researchers, led by John Chan at Shenzhen University, found____33____results from 19 relevant studies. Some favoured higher intensity, others low, while seven studies found that intensity made no____34____to mood benefits.In relation to the intensity of anaerobic exercise, however, the results were far clearer—the optimum (最佳选择) for improving moodis____35____intensity, perhaps because low intensity is too dull while high intensity is too unpleasant.A) constitutesB) contradictoryC) decisionD) detailedE) differenceF) dippingG) distinctionH) fallingI) involvesJ) moderateK) notifiedL) partlyM) requiredN) traditionallyO) vigorousSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why Do Americans Work So Much?A) How will we all keep busy when we only have to work 15 hours a week? That was the question that worried the British economist John Maynard Keynes when he wrote his short essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren” in 1930. Over the next century, he predicted, the economy would become so productive that people would barely need to work at all. For a while, it looked like Keynes was right. In 1930 the average working week was 47 hours in the United States. But by 1970, the number of hours Americans worked on average had fallen to slightly less than 39.B) But then something changed. Instead of continuing to decline, the duration of the working week remained stable. It has stayed at just below 40 hours for nearly five decades. So what happened? Why are people working just as much today as in 1970?C) There would be no mystery in this if Keynes had been wrong about the power of technology to increase the economy’s productivity, which he thought would lead to a standard of living “between four and eight times as high as it is today.” But Keynes got that right: Technology has made the economy massively more productive. According to Benjamin M. Friedman, an economist at Harvard, the U.S. economy is right on track to reach Keynes’s eight-fold (八倍) multiple by 2029. That is a century after the last data Keynes would have had access to.D) In a new paper, Friedman tries to figure out why that increased productivity has not translated into increased leisure time. Perhaps people just never feel materially satisfied, always wanting more money to buy the next new thing. This is a theory that appeals to many economists. “This argument is, at best, far from sufficient,” he writes. If that were the case, why did the duration of the working week decline in the first place?E) Another theory Friedman considers is that, in an era of ever fewer settings that provide effective opportunities for personal connections and relationships, people may place more value on the socializing that happens at work. There is support for this theory. Many people today consider colleagues as friends. But Friedman argues that the evidence for this theory is far from conclusive. Many workers report that they would like to spend more time with family, rather than at work. Furthermore, this theory cannot explain the change in trend in the U.S. working week in the 1970s.F) A third possibility proves more convincing for Friedman. That is: American inequality means that the gains of increasing productivity are not widely shared by everyone. In other words, most Americans are too poor to work less. Unlike the other two explanations Friedman considers, this one fits chronologically (按年代). Inequality declined in America during the period following World War II, along with the duration of the working week. But since the early 1970s it has risen dramatically.G) Keynes’s prediction of a shorter working week rests on the idea that the standard of living would continue rising for everyone. But Friedman says that this is not what has happened. Although Keynes’s eight-fold figure holds up for the economy as a whole, it is not at all the case for the median (中位数的) American worker. For them, output by 2029 is likely to be around 3.5 times what it was when Keynes was writing. This is a bit below his fourto eight-fold predicted range.H) This can be seen in the median worker’s income over this time period, complete with a shift in 1973 that fits in precisely with when the working week stopped shrinking. According to Friedman, between 1947 and 1973 the average hourly wage for normal workers (those who were not in management roles) in private industries other than agriculture nearly doubled in terms of what their money could buy. But by 2013 the average hourly wagefor ordinary workers had fallen 5 percent from the 1973 level in terms of actual purchasing power. Thus, though American incomes may have gone up since 1973, the amount that American workers can actually buy with their money has gone down. For most Americans, then, the magic of increasing productivity stopped working around 1973. Thus, they had to keep working just as much in order to maintain their standard of living.I) What Keynes predicted was a very optimistic version of what economists call technological unemployment. This is the idea that less labor will be necessary because machines can do so much. In Keynes’s vision, the resulting unemployment would be distributed more or less evenly across society in the form of increased leisure. But Friedman says that, for Americans, reality is much darker. Americans now have a labor market in which millions of people—those with fewer skills and less education —are seeking whatever poorly paid work they can get. This is confirmed by a recent poll that found that, for half of hourly workers, their top concern is not that they work too much but that they work too little. This is most likely not because they like their jobs so much. Rather, we can assume it is because they need the money.J) This explanation leaves an important question. If the very rich—the workers who have reaped above-average gains from the increased productivity since Keynes’s time—can afford to work less, why do they continue to work so much? (Indeed, research has shown that the highest earners in America tend to work the most.) Friedman believes that for many top earners, work is a labor of love. They are doing work they care about and are interested in, and doing more of it is not necessarily a burden. For them, it may even be a pleasure. These top earners derive meaning from their jobs and work is an important part of how they think of themselves. And, of course, they are compensated for it at a level that makes it worth their while.K) Friedman concludes that the prosperity (繁荣) Keynes predicted is here. After all, the economy as a whole has grown even more brilliantly than he expected. But for most Americans, that prosperity is nowhere to be seen. And, as a result, neither are those shorter working weeks.36. Some people view socializing at the workplace as a chance to develop personal relationships.37. As ordinary American workers’ average hourly pay had decreased despite increasing productivity, they had to work just as many hours as before to keep their living standards.38. American workers’ average weekly working time has not changed for nearly half a century.39. Friedman believes inequality in the U.S. largely explains why increasing productivity has not resulted in reduced working hours. 40. Many economists assume people’s thirst for material things has prevented them from enjoying more leisure time.41. An economist’s prediction about a shorter average working week seemed to be correct for a time in the 20th century.42. In the U.S. labor market, the primary concern of people with less schooling and fewer skills is to secure any employment even if it is low-paid.43. Keynes was right in predicting that technology would make the economy much more productive.44. Many of the highest earners have a keen interest in and love for what they are doing.45. According to Keynes, there would be a shorter working week with everyone’s standard of living continuing to rise.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Lao Zi once said, “Care about what other people think and you will always be their prisoner.”People-pleasing, or seeking self-worth through others’ approval, is unproductive and an exhausting way to go through life. Why do we allow what others think of us to have so much power over how we feel about ourselves? If it’s true that you can’t please all people all of the time, wouldn’t it make sense to stop trying?Unfortunately, sense often isn’t driving our behavior. For social beings who desire love and belonging, wanting to be liked, and caring about the effect we have on others, is healthy and allows us to make connections. However, where we get into trouble is when our self-worth is dependent upon whether we win someone’s approval or not.This need to be liked can be traced back to when we were children and were completely dependent on others to take care of us: Small children are not just learning how to walk and communicate, they are also trying to learn how the world works. We learn about who we are and what is expected of us based on interactions with others, so, to a four-year-old, if Mommy or Daddy doesn’t like him or her, there is the danger that they will abandon them. We need to understand that when we desperately want someone to approve of us, it’s being driven by that little kid part of us that is still terrified of abandonment.As you become more capable of providing yourself with the approval you seek, your need for external validation will start to vanish, leaving youstronger, more confident, and yes, happier in your life. Imagine how much time we lose each moment we restrain our authenticselves in an effort to be liked.If we base our worth on the opinions of others, we cheat ourselves of the power to shape our experiences and embrace life not only for others but also for ourselves, because ultimately, there is no difference. So embrace the cliché(老话) and love yourself as it’s highly doubtfulthat you’ll regret it.46. What can we conclude from Lao Zi’s quotation?A) We should see through other people’s attempt to make a prisoner of us.B) We can never really please other people even if we try as hard as we can.C) We can never be truly free if taking to heart others’ opinion of us.D) We should care about other people’s view as much as they care about our own.47. What will happen if we base our self-worth on other people’s approval?A) Our desire to be loved will be fulfilled.B) Our life will be unfruitful and exhausting.C) Our identity as social beings will be affected.D) Our sense of self will be sharpened and enhanced.48. What may account for our need to be liked or approved of?A) Our desperate longing for interactions with others.B) Our understanding of the workings of the world.C) Our knowledge about the pain of abandonment.D) Our early childhood fear of being deserted.49. What can we do when we become better able to provide ourselves with the desiredapproval?A) Enjoy a happier life.B) Exercise self-restraint.C) Receive more external validation.D) Strengthen our power of imagination.50. What does the author advise us to do in the last paragraph?A) Embrace life for ourselves and for others.B) Base our worth on others’ opinions.C) See our experiences as assets.D) Love ourselves as we are.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Some people have said aging is more a slide into forgetfulness than a journey towards wisdom. However, a growing body of research suggeststhat late-in-life learning is possible. In reality, education does an aging brain good.Throughout life, people’s brains constantly renovate themselves. In the late 1960s, British brain scientist Geoffrey Raisman spied growth in damaged brain regions of rats through an electron microscope; their brains were forging new connections. This meant brains may change every time a person learns something new.Of course, that doesn’t mean the brain isn’t affected by the effects of time. Just as height usually declines over the years, so does brain volume: Humans lose about 4 percent every decade starting in their 40s. But that reduction doesn’t necessarily make people think slower; as long as we are alive and functioning, we can alter our brains with new information and experiences.In fact, scientists now suspect accumulating novel experiences, facts, and skills can keep people’s minds more flexible. New pathways can strengthen our ever-changing mental structure, even as the brain shrinks.Conventional fixes like word puzzles and brain-training apps can contribute to mental durability. Even something as simple as taking a different route to the grocery store or going somewhere new on vacation can keep the brain healthy.A desire for new life challenges can further boost brainpower. Research about aging adults who take on new enterprises shows improved function and memory as well as a reduced risk of mental disease. Openness —a characteristic defined by curiosity and a desire for knowledge—may also help folks pass brain tests. Some folks are born with thistake-in-theworld attitude, but those who aren’t as genetically gifted aren’t necessarily out of luck. While genes can encourage an interest in doing new things, a 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging found completing reasoning tasks like puzzles and number games can enhance that desire for novel experiences, which can, in turn, refresh the brain. That’s why brain scientist Richard Kennedy says “It’s not that old dogs can’t learn new tricks. It’s that maybe old dogs don’t realize why they should. ”51. What do some people think of aging adults?A) Their wisdom grows as time goes by.B) Their memory gradually deteriorates.C) They can benefit from late-in-life learning.D) They are likely to have mental health issues.52. What can we conclude from Geoffrey Raisman’s finding?A) Brain damage seriously hinders one’s learning.B) Brain power weakens slower than we imagine.C) Brains can refresh and improve with learning.D) Brains forge connections under new conditions.53. What is one thing that helps maintain the health of our brain even as it shrinks?A) Doing daily routines by conventional means.B) Avoiding worrying about our mental durability.C) Imitating old dogs’ way of learning new tricks.D) Approaching everyday tasks in novel ways.54. What does the author say can contribute to the improvement of brain function?A) Being curious and desiring knowledge.B) Being eager to pass brain tests at an old age.C) Rising to life’s challenges and avoiding risks.D) Boosting immunity to serious mental diseases.55. What is the finding of the 2012 study in the journal Psychology and Aging?A) Wishing to solve puzzles enhances one’s reasoning power.B) Playing number games unexpectedly stimulates one’s memory.C) Desiring new experiences can help to renovate the brain.D) Learning new tricks should not be confined to old dogs only.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.四合院（siheyuan）是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。
四级英语听力真题第一套包括答案及原文.docx
2016 年 12 月英语四级听力真题第 1 套Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Section AQuestions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent.B)It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.B)A storm. D) A terrorist attack.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.C)They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D)They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4.A) They tried hard to repair the elevator. B)They released the details of the accident.C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D) They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C)Redesign delivery routes.D)Close some of its post offices.6. A) Shortening business hours.-B)Closing offices on holidays.C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D)Computerizing mail sorting processes.7.A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.B) Many people will begin to complain.C) Taxpayers will be very pleased.D) A lot of controversy will arise.Section B8.A) He will be kept from promotion.B)He will go through retraining.C)He will be given a warning.D)He will lose part of his pay.9. A) He is always on time.B)He is a trustworthy guy.C)He is an experienced press operator.D)He is on good terms with his workmates.10. A) She is a trade union representative.B)She is in charge of public relations.C)She is a senior manager of the shop.D)She is better at handling such matters.11. A) He is skilled and experienced.B)He is very close to the manager.C)He is always trying to stir up trouble.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Open.B) Selfish.C)Friendly.D)Reserved.13.A) They stay quiet.B) They read a book.-C)They talk about the weather.D)They chat with fellow passengers.14.A) She was always treated as a foreigner.B) She was eager to visit an English castle.C) She was never invited to a colleague's home.D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15.A) Houses are much more quiet.B)Houses provide more privacy.C)They want to have more space.D)They want a garden of their own.答案1.A It was dangerous to live in.2.B A storm3.B They were trapped in an underground elevator.4.C They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5.D Close some of its post office.6.C Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A Many post office staff will lose their jobs.8.D He will lose part of his pay.9.B He is a trustworthy guy.10.D She is better at handling such matters11.C He is always trying to stir up trouble.12.D Reserved13.A They stay quiet14. C She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15.B Houses provide more privacy16.D They will automatically be given hiring priority.17.C Visit the school careers service.18.B Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19.C It may be sold at a higher price.20.A It is healthier than green tee.21.D It does not have a stable market.22.B They prefer unique objects of high quality.23.B They could only try to create at night.24.A Make wise choices.25.A To boost the local economy.2016 年 12 月英语四级听力真题第 1 套原文Section AA 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soils were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.On Sunday, the castle ’ s owner John Gordon, 76, wasrcedfo to move out his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerous close to the river. According to the Scottish Daily Record. Abergeldie castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.The castle which is located on 11,700 acres was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V. The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up the after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.“ Thismeans that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer. ”the environmental agency said.Q1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie castle?Q2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?Section A - 2Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch.Public information officer with Tompkins County’semer gency response department,emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio. And they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’ s assistant director.Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners sothat they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator went immediately available. The mine, along New York’ s Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped tomore than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States, the rock salt mineis one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?Q4.What did the rescue team do?新闻 3Section A - 3The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closingabout 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post officers is oneof several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Lastweek, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stopmail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.“Weare losing revenue as we speak, ” Donahoe said. “Wedo not want taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business youhave to make choices.”Dean Granholm the vice president for delivery and post office operationssaid the first waves of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000postal clerks could lose their jobs.Q5.What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?Q6.What measure has been planned to save costs?Q7.What will happen when the proposed measure come into effect?-长对话 1&2Conversation 1A:Mrs. Hampton, we've got trouble in the press room this morning.B:Oh dear. What about?A: One of the press operators arrived an hour and a half late.B: But that's a straightforward affair. He will simply lose part of his pay. That's why we have a clock-in system.A:But the point is the man was clocked-in at 8 o'clock. We have John standing by the time clock, and he swears he saw nothing irregular.B:Is John reliable?A:Yes, he is. That's why we chose him for the job.B:Have you spoken to the man who was late?A:Not yet. I thought I'd have a word with you first. He's a difficult man, and I think there's been some trouble on the shop floor. I've got a feeling that tradeunion representative is behind this. The manager told me that Jack Green's been very active around the shop the last few days.B: Well, what do you want me to do?A: I was wondering if you'd see Smith, the man who was late, becauseyou are so much better at handling things like this.B:Oh, alright. I'll see him. I must say I agree with you about there beingbad feelings in the works. I've had the idea for some time that Jack Green'sbeen busy stirring things up in connection with the latest wage claim. He's always trying to make trouble. Well, I'll get the manager to send Smith up here.Q8. What will happen to the press operator who was late for the work according to the woman?Q9. What does the man say about John who stands by the time clock?Q10. Why does the man suggest the woman see the worker who was late?Q11. What does the woman say about Jack Green?Conversation 2-A: Our topic today is about somethings that foreigners nearly always say when they visit Britain. It's 'Why are the British so cold?' And they're talking about the British personality –the famous British 'reserve'. It means that we aren't very friendly, we aren't very open.B: So do you think it's true?A: It's a difficult one. So many people who visit Britain say it's difficult tomake friends with British people. They say we're cold, reserved, unfriendly...B:I think it's true. Look at Americans or Australians. They speak the same language, but they're much more open. And you see it when you travel, people-I mean strangers - speak to you on the street or on the train. British people seldom speak on the train. Or the bus. Not in London, anyway.A: 'Not in London'. That's it. Capital cities are full of tourists and are neververy friendly. People are different in other parts of the country.B: Not completely. I met a woman once, an Italian. She's been working in Manchester for two years,and no one - not one of her colleagues - had everinvited her to their home. They were friendly to her at work, but nothing else.She couldn't believe it. She said that would never happen in Italy.A: You know what they say –'an Englishman's home is his castl e'. It ’s really difficult to get inside.B:Yeah. It's about being private. You go home to your house and yourgarden and you close the door. It's your place.A:That's why the British don't like flats. They prefer to live in houses.B:That ’s true.Q12. What do foreigners generally think of British people according tothe woman?Q13. What may British people typically do one the train according to the man?Q14. What does the man say about the Italian woman working in Manchester?Q15. Why do British people prefer houses to flats?听力篇章欢迎下载7-Passage OneIn college, time is scarce, and consequently, very precious. At the sametime, expenses in college pile up surprisingly quickly. A part time job is a goodway to balance costs while ensuring there is enough time left over for bothacademic subjects and after-class activities.If you are a college student looking for a part time job, the best place tostart your job search is right on campus. There are tons of on-campus job opportunities, and as a student, you ’ automatically be given hiring priority.Plus, on-campus jobs eliminate commuting time, and could be a great way toconnect with academic and professional resources at your university. Checkwith your school ’careers service or employment office for help to find acampus job. Of course, there are opportunities for part-time work off-campus,too. If you spend a little time digging for the right part time jobs, you ’ ll saveyourself time when you find a job that leaves you with enough time to get yourschool work done, too. If you are a college student looking for work but worry youwon ’ t have enough time to devote to academic subjects, consider workingas a study hall or a library monitor.Responsibilities generally includesupervising study sp aces to ensure that a quiet atmosphere is maintained. It’ s a pretty easy job, but one with lots of downtime-which means you will haveplenty of time to catch up on reading, do homework or study for an exam.Q16: What does the speaker say about college students applying foron-campus jobs?Q17: What can students do to find a campus job according to thespeaker ？Q18: What does the speaker say is a library monitor’ s responsibility?Passage TwoAgricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering thetea leaves. It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight.Allappears to be well. But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried.Nelson Kibara is one of them. He has been growing tea in the Kerugoyaarea for 40 years.-He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almostno profit. He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive.Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some oftheir tea bushes and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya. Its leaves are purple and brown. When the teais boiled, the drink has a purple color. Medical researchers have studied thehealth benefits of the new tea. They say it is healthier than green tea and couldbe sold for a price that is three to four times higher than the price of green tea.But Mr. Kibara says he has not received a higher price for his purpletea crop.He says the market for the tea is unstable and he is often forced to sell his purple tea for the same price as green tea leaves. He says there are not enough buyers willing to pay more for the purple tea.Q19. Why have tea farmers in Kenya decided to grow purple tea?Q20. What do researchers say about purple tea?Q21. What does Mr. Kibara find about purple tea?Passage ThreeToday's consumers want beautiful handcrafted s to wear and to have fortheir home environment. They prefer something unique and they demand quality. Craftsmen today are meeting this demand. People and homes are showing great change as more and more unique handcrafted items become available. Handcrafts are big business. No long does a good craftsman have to work in a job he dislikes all day and then try to create at night. He has earnedhis professional status. He is now a respected member of society. Parts of thefun of being a craftsman is meeting other craftsmen. They love to share theirideas and materials and help others find markets for their work. Craftsmen have helped educate consumers to make wise choices. They help them become aware of design and technique. They help them relate their choice toits intended use. They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.When a group of craftsmen expends to include more members, a small craft organization is formed. Such an organization does a lot in training workshops-in special media, craft marketing techniques, craft fairs and sales, festivals, TV appearances and demonstrations. State art councils help sponsor local arts and crafts festivals which draw crowds of tourist consumers. This boosts thelocal economy considerably because tourists not only buy crafts, but theyalso use the restaurants and hotels and other services of the area.Q22. What does the speaker say about today's consumers?Q23. What does the speaker say about a good craftsman in the past?Q24. What do craftsmen help consumers do?Q25. Why do state art council ’shelp sponsor local arts and crafts festivals?。
2020年9月英语六级真题及答案（第1套）
2020年9月英语六级真题及答案(第1套)-附音频Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes towrite an essay on the saying Wealth of the mind is the onlytrue wealth. You should write at least 150 wordsbut nomore than 200 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension(30 minutes )2020年09月六级听力音频.m4aSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear t0o long comversations. At the end ofeach conversation , you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marnked A), B), C) and D).Thenmark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She can devote all her life to pursuing her passion.B) Her accumulated expertise helps her to achieve her goals.C) She can spread her academic ideas on a weekly TV show.D) Her research findings are widely acclaimed in the world.2. A) Provision of guidance for nuclear labs in Europe.B) Touring the globe to attend science TV shows.C) Overseeing two research groups at Oxford.D) Science education and scientific research.3. A) A better understanding of a subject.B) A stronger will to meet challenges.C) A broader knowledge of related felds.D) A closer relationship with young people.4. A) By applying the latest research methods.B) By making full use of the existing data.C) By building upon previous discoveries.D) By utilizing more powerful computers.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They can predict future events.C) They have cultural connotations.B) They have no special meanings.D) They cannot be easily explained.6. A) It was canceled due to bad weather.B) She overslept and missed the fight.C) She dreamed of a plane craash.D) It was postponed to the following day.7. A) They can be affected by people's childhood experiences.B) They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.C) They usually result from people's unpleasant memories.D) They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.8. A) They call for scientifc methods to interpret.B) They mirror their long- cherished wishes.C) They reflect their complicated emotions.D) They are often related to irrational feelings.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear tuoo passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions wil be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Thenmark the corresponding letter on Ansuer Sheet 1 with asingle line throughthe centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the pa8sage you have just heard.9. A) Radio waves.B) Sound waves.C) Robots.D) Satellites.10. A) It may be freezing fast beneath the glacier.B) It may have micro-organisms living in it.C) It may have certain rare minerals in it.D) It may be as deep as four kilometers.11. A) Help understand life in freezing conditions.B) Help find new sources of fresh waterC) Provide information about other planets.D) Shed light on possible life in outer space.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) He found there had been lttle research on their language.B) He was trying to preserve the languages of the Indian tribes.C) His contact with a social worker had greatly aroused his interest in the tribe.D) His meeting with Gonzalez had made him eager to leam moreabout the tribe.13. A) He taught Copeland to speak the Tarahumaras language.B) He persuaded the Tarahumaras to accept Copeland's gifts.C) He recommended one of his best friends as an interpreter.D) He acted as an intermediary between Copeland and the villagers.14. A) Unpredictable.B) Unjustifhable.C) Laborious.D) Tedious.15. A) Their appreciation of help from the outsiders.B) Their sense of sharing and caring.C) Their readiness to adapt to technology.D) Their belief in creating wealth for themselves.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear three recondings of letures or talksfollowed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once.Afler you hear a question, you must choose the best ansuer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then markt the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They tend to be silenced into submission.B) They find it hard to defend themselves.C) They will feel proud of being pioneers.D) They will feel somewhat encouraged.17. A) One who advocates violence in effecting change.B) One who craves for relentless transformations.C) One who acts in the interests of the oppressed.D) One who rebels against the existing socal order.18. A) They tried to effect social change by force.B) They disrupted the nation's social stability.C) They served as a driving force for progress.D) They did more harm than good to humanity.、Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.B) It is impossible for us to be imumune from outside influence.C) Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.D) It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.20. A) Make up his mind to start all over again.B) Stop making unfair judgements of others.C) Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.D) Recognise the negative impact of his coworkers.21. A) They are quite susceptible to suicide.C) They suffer a great deal from ill health.B) They improve people's quality of life.D) They help people solve mental problems.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Few people can identify its texture.C) Its real value is open to interpretation.B) Few people can describe it precisely.D) Its importance is often over- estimated.23. A) It has never seen any change.C) It is a well-protected govemment secret.B) It has much如o do with color.D) It is a subject of study by many forgers.24. A) People had lttle faith in paper money.C) It predicted their value would increase.B) They could last longer in circulation.D) They were more difficult to counterfeit.25. A) The stabilzation of the dollar value.C) A gold standard for American currency.B) The issuing of govermment securities.D) A steady appreciation of the U. S. dollar.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carngfully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Ansuer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.Overall, men are more likely than women to make excuses. Several studies suggest that men feel the need to appear competent in all 26______，while women worry only about the skillsin which they've invested 27______ . Ask a man and a woman to godiving for the first time, and the woman is likely to jump in, whilethe man is likely to say he's not feeling too well.Ironically, it is often success that leads people to flirt with failure.Praise won for 28______ a skill suddenly puts one in the position ofhaving everything to lose. Rather than putting their reputation onthe line again, many successful people develop a handicapdrinking,29______,depression- -that allows them to keep their status no matter what the future brings. An advertising executive30______ for depression shortly after winning an award put it thisway:“ Without my depression, I'd be a failure now;with it, I'm asuccess‘on hold’”In fact, the people most likely to become chronic excuse makersare those 31______ with success.Such people are so afraid of being32______ a failure at anything that they constantly develop one handicap or another in order to explain away failure.Though self-handicapping can be an effective way of coping withperformance anxiety now and then, in the end, researchers say, itwill lead to 33______. In the long run, excuse makers fail to live upto their true 34______ and lose the status they care so much about.And despite their protests to the 35______ they have only themselves to blame.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attachedto it.Each statement contains information given in ome of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from xwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Fach paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questioms by marking thecorresponding letter om Ansuer Sheet 2.Six Potential Bain Benefits of Bilingual EducationA) Brains, brains, brains. People are fascinated by brain research.And yet it can be hard to point to places where our education system is really making use of the latest neuroscience findings. But there is one happy link where research is meeting practice: bilingual education.“In the last 20 years or so, there's been a virtual explosion of research on bilingualism ,says Judith Kroll, a professor at the University of Califonia, Riverside.B) Again and again, researchers have found,“bilingualism is an experience that shapes our brain for life," in the words of Gigi Luk,an associate professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education.At the same time, one of the hottest trends in public schooling is what's often called dual-language or two-wayimmersion programs.C) Traditional programs for English-language leamers, or ELLs, focus on assimilating students into English as quickdy as possible.Dual-language classrooms, by contrast, provide instruction acrosssubjects to both English natives and English leamers, in both English and a target language.The goal is functional bilingualismand biliteracy for all students by middle school. New York City ,North Carolina, Delaware, Utah, Oregon and Washingtonstate are among the places expanding dual-language classrooms.D) The trend fies in the face of some of the culture wars of twodecades ago , when advocates insisted on“English first”education. Most famously, Califomnia passed Proposition 227 in1998. It was intended to sharply reduce the amount of time thatEnglish-language leamers spent in bilingual settings. Proposition58，passed by California voters on November 8, largely reversedthat decision,paving the way for a huge expansion of bilingualeducation in the state that has the largest population of English-language leamers.E) Some of the insistence on Englih-first was founded on researchproduced decades ago, in which bilingual students underperformned monolingual English speakers and had lower IQscores. Today's scholars, like Elen Bialystok at York University inToronto, say that research was “deeply flawed. ”“ Earlier research looked at socially disadvantaged groups, ”agrees Antonella Sorace at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.“This has been completely contradicted by recent research'”that compares groups more similar to each other.F) So what does recent research say about the potential benefts ofbilingual education? It tuns out that, in many ways, the real trickto speaking two languages consists in managing not to speak oneof those languages at a given moment- -which is fundametally afeat of paying attention. Saying “Goodbye" to mom and then “Guten tag" to your teacher, or managing to ask for a crayola rojainstead of a red crayon, requires skills called “ inhibition”and “task switching.” These skills are subsets of an ability called executive function.G) People who speak two languages often outperform monolinguals on general measures of executive function.“ Bilinguals can pay focused attention without being distracted and also improve in the ability to switch from one task toanother,”says Sorace.H) Do these same advantages beneft a child who begins learninga second language in kindergarten instead of as a baby? We don'tyet know. Patterns of language learning and language. use arecomplex. But Gigi Luk at Harvard cites at least one brain-imagingstudy on adolescents that shows similar changes in brain structure when compared with those who are bilingual from bith,even when they didn't begin practicing a second language in eamest before late childhood.I) Young children being raised bilingual have to follow social cuesto fngure out which language to use with which person and in what setting. As a result, says Sorace，bilingual children as youngas age 3 have demonstrated a head start on tests of perspective-taking and theory of mind- -both of which are fundamental social and emotional skills.J) About 10 percent of students in the Portland, Oregon public schools are assigned by lottery to dua]-language classrooms thatoffer instruction in Spanish, Japanese or Mandarin, alongside English.Jennifer Steele at American University conducted a four-year, randomized trial and found that these dual-languagestudents outperforned their peers in English-reading skills by a full school-year's worth of learning by the end of middle school.Because the effects are found in reading, not in math or sciencewhere there were few differences, Steele suggests that learning two languages makes students more aware of how language works in general.K) The research of Gigi Luk at Harvard offers a slightly different explanation. She has recently done a small study looking at a group of 100 fourth-graders in Massachusetts who had similar reading scores on a standard test, but very different language experiences. Some were foreign-language dominant and others were English natives. Here's what's interesting. The students whowere dominant in a foreign language weren't yet comfortably bilingual; they were just starting to leam English.Therefore, bydefinition, they had a much weaker English vocabulary than the native speakers.Yet they were just as good at interpreting a text.“ This is very surprising," Luk says.“You would expect the readingcomprehension performance to mirror the vocabulary- -it's acormerstone of comprehension.*L) How did the foreign-language dominant speakers manage thisfeat? Well, Luk found, they also scored higher on tests ofexecutive functioning. So, even though they didn't have hugemental dictionaries to draw on, they may have been great puzzle-solvers, taling into account higher-level concepts such as whethera single sentence made sense within an overall story line. Theygot to the same results as the monolinguals, by a different path.M) American public school classrooms as a whole are becomingmore segregated by race and class.Dual-language programs canbe an exception. Because they are composed of native English speakers deliberately placed together with recent immigrants， they tend to be more ethnically and economically balanced. Andthere is some evidence that this helps kids of all backgrounds gain comfort with diversity and different cultures.N) Several of the researchers also pointed out that, in bilingual education, non-English- dominant students and their families tend to feel that their home language is heard andvalued,compared with a classroom where the home language is left at the door in favor of English. This can improve students' sense of belonging and increase parents' involvement in their children's education,including behaviors like reading to children.“ Many parents fear their language is an obstacle,a problem, andif they abandon it their child will integrate better," says AntonellaSorace of the University of Edinburgh.“We tell them they're notdoing their child a favor by giving up their language.”O) One theme that was striking in speaking to all these researchers was just how strongly they advocated fordual-language classrooms. Thomas and Collier have advisedmany school systems on how to expand their dual-language programs, and Sorace runs “ Bilingualism Matters," a intermational network of researchers who promote bilingualeducation projects. This type 0 advocacy among scientists is unusual; even more so because the“bilingual advantage hypothesis" is being challenged once again.P) A review of studies published last year found that cognitive advantages failed to appear in 83 percent of published studies ,though in a separate analysis , the sum of effects was still signifcantly positive.One potential explanation offered by the researchers is that advantages that are measurable in the veryyoung and very old tend to fade when testing young adults at thepeak of their cognitive powers. And, they countered that nonegative effects of bilingual education have been found.So,even ifthe advantages are small, they are still worth it. Not to mentionone obvious, outstanding fact:“ Bilingual children can speak twolanguages! ' '36. A study found that there are similar changes in brain structurebetween those who are bilingual from birth and those who startleaming a second language later.37. Unlike traditional monolingual prograns, bilingual classroomsaim at developing students' ability to use two languages bymiddle school.38. A study showed that dual-language students did significantlybetter than their peers in reading English texts.39. About twenty years ago, bilingual practice was strongly discouraged, especially in California.10. Ethnically and economically balanced bilingual classooms arefound to be helpful for kids to get used to social and cultural diversity.41. Researchers now claim that earlier research on bilingual education was seriously flawed.42. According to a researcher , dual-language experiences exert alifelong influence on one's brain.43. Advocates of bilingual education argued that it produces positive effects though they may be limited.44. Bilingual speakers often do better than monolinguals in completing certain tasks because they can concentrate better onwhat they are doing.45. When their native language is used, parents can become moreinvolved in their children's education.Section CPassage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.It is not controversial to say that an unhealthy diet causes badhealth. Nor are the basic elements of healthy eating disputed. Obesity raises susceptibility to cancer, and Britain is the sixth most obese country on Earth. That is a public health emergency.But naming the problem is the easy part. No one disputes the costs in quality of life and depleted health budgets of an obese population, but the quest for solutions gets diverted by ideological arguments around responsibility and choice. And thewater is muddied by lobbying from the industries that profit fromconsumption of obesity-inducing products.Historical precedent suggests that science and politics canovercome resistance from businesses that pollute and poison butit takes time, and success often starts small. So it is heartening tonote that a programme in Leeds has achieved a reduction inchildhood obesity, becoming the first UK city to reverse afattening trend. The best results were among younger childrenand in more deprived areas.When 28% of English children agedtwo to 15 are obese, a national shift on the scale achieved by Leeds would lengthen hundreds of thousands of lives. Asignificant factor in the Leeds experience appears to be a schemecalled HENRY,which helps parents reward behaviours that preyentobesity in children.Many members of parliament are uncomfortable even withtheir own govemment's anti-obesity strategy,since it involves a “sugar tax" and a ban on the sale of energy drinks to under-16s.Bans and taxes can be blunt instruments, but their harshest criticscan rarely suggest better methods.These critics just oppose regulation itself.The relationship between poor health and inequality is too pronounced for govermments to be passive about large-scale intervention. People living in the most deprived areas are fourtimes more prone to die from avoidable causes than counterpartsin more affluent places. As the structural nature of public healthproblems becomes harder to ignore,the complaint aboutoverprotective govenment loses potency.In fact, the polarised debate over public health interventionsshould have been abandoned long emment action workswhen individuals are motivated to respond. Individuals needgovemments that expand access to good choices. The HENRYprogramme was delivered in part through children's centres. Closing such centres and cutting council budgets doesn'tmagically increase reserves of individual self-reliance. Thefunction of a well-designed state intervention is not to deprive people of liberty but to build social capacity and infrastructure that helps people take responsibility for their wellbeing. Theobesity crisis will not have a solution devised by leit or right ideology- -but experience indicates that the private sector needsthe incentive of regulation before it starls taling public health emergencies seriously.46. Why is the obesity problem in Britain so difficult to solve?A) Goverment health budgets are depleted.B) People disagree as to who should do what.C) Individuals are not ready to take their responsibilties.D) Industry lobbying makes it hard to get healthy foods.47. What can we learmn from the past experience in tacking public health emergencies?A) Govemments have a role to play.B) Public health is a scientifc issue.C) Priority should be given to deprived regions.D) Businesses' responsility should be stressed.48. What does the author imply about some critics of bans andtaxes concerning unhealthy drinks?A) They are not aware of the consequences of obesity.B) They have not come up with anything more constructive.C) They are uncomfortable with parliament's anti obesity debate.D) They have their own motives in opposing govermmentregulation.49. Why does the author stress the relationship between poor health and inequality?A) To demonstrate the dilemma of people living in deprived areas.B) To bring to light the root cause of widespread obesity in Britain.C) To highlight the area deserving the most attention from thepublic.D) To justify govermment intervention in solving the obesityproblem.50. When will govermment action be effective?A) When the polarised debate is abandoned.B) When ideological differences are resolved.C) When individuals have the incentive to act accordingly.D) When the private sector realises the severity of the crisis.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Home to virgin reefs, rare sharks and vast numbers of exotic fish, the Coral Sea is a unique haven of biodiversity off thenortheastem coast of Australia. If a proposal by the Australiangovemment goes ahead, the region will also become the world'slargest marine protected area, with restrictions or bans on fishing,mining and marine farming.The Coral Sea reserve would cover almost 990 000 square kilometres and stretch as far as 1100 kilometres from the coast. Unveiled recently by environment minister Tony Burke，the proposal would be the last in a series of proposed marine reserves around Australia's coast.But the scheme is attracting criticism from scientists and conservation groups, who argue that the govemment hasn't gonefar enough in protecting the Coral Sea, or in other marinereserves in the coastal network.Hugh Possingham,director of theCentre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions at the Universityof Queensland, points out that little more than half of the CoralSea reserve is proposed as“no take" area, in which all fishingwould be banned. The world's largest existing marinereserve,established last year by the British govemment in theIndian Ocean, spans 554 000 km2 and is a no-take zonethroughout. An alliance of campaigning conversation groupsargues that more of the Coral Sea should receive this level of protection.“I would like to have seen more protection for coral reefs," saysTery Hughes, director of the Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Queensland.“More than 20 of them would be outside the no-take area and vulnerable to catch-and-release fshing” .As Nature went to press, the Australian govemment had notresponded to specifc criticisms of the plan. But Robin Beaman, amarine geologist at James Cook University, says that the reservedoes“broadly protect the range of habitats”in the sea.“I can testifyto the huge effort that govemment agencies and otherorganisations have put into trying to understand the ecologicalvalues of this vast area," he says. .Reserves proposed earlier this year for Australia's southwesterand northwesterm coastal regions have also been criticised forfailing to give habitats adequate protection. In August,173 marinescientists signed an open letter to the govemment saying theywere“greatly concemed" that the proposals for the southwestemregion had not been based on the“ core science principles”ofreserves-the protected regions were not, for instance ,representative of all the habitats in the region, they said.Critics say that the southwestem reserve offers the greatest protection to the offishore areas where commercial opportunitiesare fewest and where there is lttle threat to the environment,acontention also levelled at the Coral Sea plan.51. What do we learn from the passage about the Coral Sea?A) It is exceptionally rich in marine life.B) It is the biggest marine protected area.C) It remains largely undisturbed by humans.D) It is a unique haven of endangered species.52. What does the Australian govemment plan to do according toTony Burke?A) Make a new proposal to protect the Coral Sea.B) Revise its conservation plan owing to criticisms.C) Upgrade the established reserves to protect marine life.D) Complete the series of marine reserves around its coast.53. What is scientists' argument about the Coral Sea proposal?A) The govemment has not done enough for marine protection.B) It will not improve the marine reserves along Australia's coast.C) The govemment has not consulted them in drawing up theproposal.D) It is not based on suffcient investigations into the ecologicalsystem.54. What does marine geologist Robin Beaman say about the Coral Sea plan?A) It can compare with the British govemment's effort in theIndian Ocean.B) It will result in the establishment of the world's largest marinereserve.。
小升初-动词的第三人称单数形式和练习2018年9月第1套--附答案.doc
动词第三人称单数问题在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。
但有些同学们对于哪些主语是第三人称单数还不十分清楚，现归纳总结如下：一、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数.如：%1He likes watching TV.他喜欢看电视。
%1She has lunch at twelve.她十二点吃午餐。
%1It looks like a cat.它看起来像只猫。
二、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。
如：①Han Mei looks like her mother.韩梅看起来像她的母亲c©Beijing is in China.北京在中国。
%1Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔经常做蛋糕。
三、单数可数名词或” this / that / the+单数可数名词”作主语时，是第三人称单数。
如：%1A horse is a useful animal,马是有用的动物。
%1This book is yours.这本书是你的。
©That car is red.那辆小汽车是红色的。
%1The cat is Lucy's.这只猫是露茜的。
四、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something 等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。
如：%1Everyone is here.大家到齐了。
%1There is something wrong with the watch.这块手表有毛病。
®This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。
©That is an eraser.那是一块橡皮擦°五、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。
如：%1The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。
2024年06月四级考试真题答案速查(第1套)
Part I Writing 参考2024年06月四级考试真题答案速查（第1套）范文：University libraries are dedicated learning spaces, tailored to meet the academic needs of students. Opening them to the public risks compromising this exclusive environment, potentially limiting student s’ access to resources and quiet study areas. Moreover, public access introduces security concerns, such as the potential for theft, vandalism, or harassment, which could create an unsafe atmosphere for students.While promoting literacy is admirable, it should not come at the cost of students’ learning opportunities or safety. Instead, universities can explore alternative ways to engage with the community, such as collaborating with local libraries to improve their services or organizing reading events that are open to the public. These initiatives can foster a culture of reading without compromising the integrity and safety of university libraries.In conclusion, university libraries should remain exclusive to students to protect their learning environment and safety. Alternative methods should be explored to meet the reading needs of the wider communityPart Ⅳ Translation 参考译文：Siheyuan is a kind of traditional Chinese residential building, which is characterized by houses built around a courtyard, enclosing the courtyard in the middle. Siheyuan is usually warm in winter and cool in summer, offering a comfortable environment, especially suitable for large families to live in. There are many types of Siheyuan in different parts of China, of which the most typical one is in Beijing. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, the number of traditional Siheyuan has gradually decreased, but because of its unique architectural style, Siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.。
(第1套)小学语文课程标准(2022版答案
第一套语文课程标准（2022版）考试一、选择题（每小题3分，总分30分）1.义务教育课程规定了教育目标、教育内容和教学基本要求，体现国家意志，在立德树人中发挥着A、关键作用B、次要作用C、主要作用D、重要作用答案：A2.语文课程的基本特点A、结果性B、育人性C、工具性与人文性D、目的性答案：c3.第三学段是指A、1-2年级B、3-4年级C、5-6年级D、7-8年级答案：c4.在【识字与认字】要求，第四学段的学生累计认识常用汉字A、1600B、2500C、2800D、3500 答案：D5.在【阅读与鉴赏】要求，第三学段的学生扩展阅读面，课外阅读总量不少于A、5万字B、40万字C、100万字D、260万字答案：c6.义务教育语文课程按照内容整合程度不断提升，分层面设置学习任务群A、四个B、三个C、两个D、一个答案：B7.基础型学习任务群是指A、语文文字积累与梳理B、语言文字积累与梳理C、实用性阅读与交流D、思辨性阅读答案：B8.语文课程评价包括A、过程性评价和终结性评价B、过程性评价C、终结性评价D、结果性评价答案：A9.终结性评价包括A、学业水平考试B、过程性评价C、学业水平考试和过程性评价D、结果性评价答案：c10.教学研究与教师培训中要求，教师要坚持A、终身学习B、同伴学习C、阶段性学习D、个人学习答案：A二、填空题（每空两分，总分20分）1、语言文字的运用，包括生活、工作和学习中的听说读写活动以及文学活动，存在于人类社会的各个领域。
2.语文课程是一门学习国家通用语言文字运用的综合性以及实践性课程。
3.语文课程理念要立足学生核心素养发展，充分发挥语文课程育人功能。
4.不同学段都从识字与写字、阅读与鉴赏、表达与交流、梳理与探究有相应的要求。
5.课程内容的主题与载体形式有中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化。
三、简答题（总分30分）1.简述核心素养内涵（6分）（1）文化自信（文化传承与理解） (2)语言运用（语言建构与运用）(3)思维能力（思维发展与提升） (4)审美创造（审美鉴赏与创造）2.简述学习任务群的种类（6分）第一层设“语言文字积累与梳理”1个基础性学习任务群，第二层设“实用性阅读与交流”“文学阅读与创意表达”“思辨性阅读与表达”3个发展型学习任务群，第三层设“整本书阅读”“跨学科学习”2个拓展型学习任务群。
《软件工程》试题及参考答案(第1套)
《软件工程》试题(第1套)第一部分选择题一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．经济可行性研究的范围包括（）A．资源有效性 B．管理制度 C．效益分析 D．开发风险2.结构化设计方法在软件开发中用于（）。
A、概要设计B、详细设计C、程序设计D、测试用例设计3．程序的三种基本控制结构是（）A．过程、子程序和分程序B．顺序、选择和重复C．递归、堆栈和队列D．调用、返回和转移4.软件测试中，白盒法是通过分析程序的（）来设计测试用例的。
A、应用范围B、内部逻辑C、功能D、输入数据5.软件维护费用高的主要原因是（）。
A、人员少B、人员多C、生产率低D、生产率高6.软件质量必须在（）加以保证。
A、开发之前B、开发之后C、可行性研究过程中D、设计与实现过程中7.确认测试主要涉及的文档是（）。
A、需求规格说明书B、概要设计说明书C、详细设计说明书D、源程序8.模块的内聚性最高的是( )A.逻辑内聚B.时间内聚C.偶然内聚D.功能内聚9．软件开发过程中，抽取和整理用户需求并建立问题域精确模型的过程叫( ) A．生存期 B．面向对象设计C．面向对象程序设计 D．面向对象分析10．原型化方法是用户和设计者之间执行的一种交互构成，适用于( )系统。
A．需求不确定性高的 B．需求确定的C．管理信息D．实时11、 CMM提供了一个框架，将软件过程改进的进化步骤组织成5个成熟度等级。
除第1级外，每个等级都包含了实现该成熟度等级目标的若干（）。
A 关键实践B 关键过程域C 软件过程能力D 软件过程12、（）是软件生存期中的一系列相关软件工程活动的集合，它由软件规格说明、软件设计与开发、软件确认、软件改进等活动组成。
A 软件过程B 软件工具C 质量保证D 软件工程13．下列关于瀑布模型的描述正确的是( )。
2022年12月英语四级真题及答案(第1套)
2022年12月英语四级真题及答案（第1套）完整版，自用勿外传！Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：In this task, you are required to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANews Report 1The World Pipe Band Championships will take place in Glasgow on Saturday.Over 120 of the world's best pipe bands will compete at the championships. Over 4,000 pipers and drummers are expected to descend on the city for the annual event.It will take place at the Saint James playing fields in Glasgow on Saturday, 18 May from 10:00 am until 7:00 pm. The event is free. Also, a free shuttle bus will run between the event car parks and the competition site. Shuttle buses will run every 15 minutes from 8:00 am until 8:00 pm.Glasgow City Council says it is estimated to bring ￡300,000 to the local economy.The first World Pipe Band Championships were held in Edinburgh in1947.The event first took place in Glasgow in1948. It has been held regularly in Glasgow since 1986.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) A free car show.B) A yearly concert.C) A sports competition.D) A pipe band contest.2. A)Improve the image of Glasgow city.B) Enrich the local culture of Glasgow.C) Contribute a lot to the local economy.D) Entertain people in local communities.News Report 2Summer doesn't begin for two more days, but scientists are already sounding the alarm about dangerous ice melts going on right now in Greenland.The vast island usually locks away enough fresh water in its ice sheet, which if melted can raise global sea levels by 6 meters. And research shows that in recent years its ice has melted faster than ever before. This month, as temperatures in northwestern Greenland approach all timehighs, researchers are encountering unusual, surprising levels of melting ice in the region.The most significant concern here is how early this is all happening. Greenland experiences annual ice melt and growth cycles. But this year the melting season began in early May. That's a month earlier than normal and something that's happened only once before in the historical record in 2016.That means that not only is the ice melting very fast. It has more time to melt this summer than it would in a normal climate system. Longer melt seasons like this one seemed to lead to much greater contributions to sea level rise than in previous decades.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)Surprising rise in global sea levels.B) Dangerous ice melts in Greenland.C) Changing weather patterns in summer.D) Record growth of Greenland's ice sheets.4. A) It began in late May.B) It lasted three months.C) It started a month earlier than usual.D) It ended a month earlier than before.News Report 3Bundles containing thousands of pounds in cash keep turning up on the streets of Black hall Colliery in northern England, according to police. Residents of the village have been coming across bundles of￡20 notes-usually worth￡2,000-in the former mining village in County Durham.The latest discovery was on Monday, meaning four of these cash bundles have been handed in this year and 13 since 2014. The bundles are usually left in plain sight and had been scattered across the small coastal village. The owner has two weeks to collect the cash, which is thenHuiger2007returned to the finder if not claimed, according to Peter lee Police.A Durham Police spokesperson said the money has been returned to the lucky finders in all cases, except yesterday.Policeman John Forster said in a statement: “The circumstances remain a mystery so we would welcome any information that will help us get to the bottom of these random incidents.”He told The Northern Echo: "It isn't an affluent part of the world, so for them to find cash of that amount and instantly think about taking it to the police stations shows the community spirit there is."Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Bundles of £ 20 notes kept turning up.B) A villager was searching for his lost cash.C) Local policemen came across bundles of £ 20 notes.D) A bundle containing thousands of pounds got stolen.6. A) They give it to charity.B) They return it to the finder.C) They hand it over to the local government.D) They place a notice in The Northern Echo.7. A) They cooperated well with the police.B) They enjoyed a fairly affluent life.C)They were puzzled by the mystery.D) They had a strong community spirit.Section BConversation 1M: It’s your birthday next week. What have you got planned?M: I’m not sure. I often feel strange on my birthday. It’s like my brain decides to have a crisis. W: It’s not entirely unusual to feel anxious or sad around your birthday. Birthdays can tap into a lot of things people worry about, including their achievements in life in the past decade or their accomplishments of the past year. Many begin to search for the meaning of their existence leading to behaviors such as ending or starting a relationship or plans, like startinga vigorous diet or fitness program.Huiger2007M: I have wonderful friends and I love celebrating their birthdays. But I don’t like being the center of attention, receiving gifts and having a fuss made. It seems to trigger a type of social anxiety. I think social media too can intensify things as birthdays now play out more publicly.Birthday reminders can be helpful, but I kind of worry, I won’t be able to drum up my own day and show it to look as exciting as it is supposed to be.W: Well, to deal with the birthday blues, you should not isolate yourself. It’s best to gradually face your birthday with people you trust. That would help you learn self-acceptance or that it’s okay to be the focus.M: Perhaps or I could perceive my birthday as an opportunity to do something for others like asking people to make a donation instead of buying a gift.W: Exactly, Or even simply see your birthday as an opportunity to bring people together for them to have fun.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heardhuiger2007 8. A) Excited.B) Delighted.C) Indifferent.D) Strange.9. A) Search for the meaning of their life.B) Look back on their years at school.C) Call on their relatives and friends.D) Talk about future plans with friends.10. A) He prefers to have them shown on social media. B) He loves them but does not want to make a fuss.C) He enjoys celebrating others' birthdays rather than his own.D) He looks forward to receiving presents from his close friends.11. A) Hold it on a modest scale to remove birthday anxieties.B) View it as a chance for people to socialize and have fun.C) Extend invitation to those he trusts most.D) Make it an occasion to collect donations.Conversation 2M: The metro was absolutely terrible this morning.M: Oh, was there a delay?W: No, but the train was so packed that I could barely move and it was difficult to breathetoo. At every station, more people squeezed in and I got pushed further and further inside. When I got to my station, I could hardly get out. Once I did get out, I was totally exhausted. M: That sounds like a nightmare. Why didn't you take the bus?W: The bus takes twice as long and it's just as crowded.M: Well, what ’s the alternative? Haven't you got a car?W: I've got a driver’s license, but that's all. I’m saving up to buy something reasonably small and cute, but it’s still a bit expensive for me and it’ll take a while before I have en ough money. M: Have you thought about getting an electric motorbike?W: I considered that for maybe a minute, but honestly, I've just seen too many horrible accidents involving those dangerous monsters.M: What about those popular share bikes? You could register to use one.W: Yeah, that’s a possibility. There are always several of those bikes out in front of our apartment complex.M: Or you could just walk to work.W: Well, it’s 5 kilometers from home to the office, but you’ve given me a thought. I could take a change of clothes and jog to work. But at this time of year the air pollution is a real problem. M: Oh, yeah, I didn’t think of that. Get a taxi if you really have to.W: That’s an expensive way to get to work.M: Not if you use a ride sharing app.W: Good idea, I’ll download one immediately. Thank you.Questions 12 to15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) It was absolutely exhausting.B) There was a terrible smell.C) There was too long a delay.D) She got off at the wrong station.13. A) She hasn't saved enough money.B) She is worried about traffic jams.C) She hasn't passed the driving test yet.D) She is used to taking public transport.14. A) They are popular.B) They are dangerous.C) They are a bit expensive for her.D) They are environmentally friendly.15. A) By bus. B) By jogging.C) By renting a bike. D) By sharing a ride.Section CPassage 1Steve miller began his career in it back in the late 1980s being a deaf person in tech required a huge amount of effort in organization. Because there was no email or text message service, everything had to be done face to face or by telephone communicating in meetings was very difficult. He needed a sign language interpreter for every meeting, but it was a huge effort to coordinateThese days, although challenges still remain, it's a good time to be a deaf person in tech, says miller. Big advances in speech recognition, technology have enabled communication tools to turn live speech in into text in real time on your smartphone or laptop and sign language into text as well.New tech coupled with improvements in hearing aid, technology and medical advances means that miller is able to focus far more on his work。
山东大学电力系统分析第一套答案详细版.doc
第一套一、填空题1. 'd X 是同步发电机的 电抗。
'q E 是同步发电机的 电势，它正比于磁链 。
2. 当同步发电机的外部电路突然三相短路时，由于外界阻抗减小，定子绕组突然增大，相应电枢反应磁链也将 ，原来稳定状态下电极内部的电磁遭到破坏。
3. 电力系统的静态稳定性是指电力系统受到瞬时的小的 时，能够自动恢复到 状态的能力。
静态稳定的实用判据是＞d δd S EqEq p = 。
4. 当零序电压加在变压器绕组连接成 或中性点不接地的星形一侧时，无论另一侧绕组的 如何，变压器中都没有 流通。
5. 当零序电压加在变压器绕组连接成三角形或 不接地的星行一侧时，无论另一侧绕组的 如何，变压器中都没有 流通。
此时，变压器的零序电抗X 0= 。
6. 同步发电机端外突然发生三相短路时，在电磁暂态过程中，励磁绕组中的直流分量电流fa i ∆和定子三相电流中同步频率交流自由分量f ωi ∆按时间常数 衰减，它是励磁绕组 与 之比。
7. 引起电力系统较大扰动的主要原因是： 、切除或投入系统的主要元件、 。
8. 电力系统的故障可分为 和 两大类。
9. 短路电流最大有效值imp I 是发生在短路后的 时刻，并假定在该时刻前后内非周期分量 的电流有效值。
10. 有阻尼同步发电机突然三相短路时刻，电势 和 不能突变。
11. 与单回路无避雷线三相架空电力线路相比，双回路无避雷线三项架空电力线路的零序电抗值 。
12. 电力系统静态稳定的实用判据为： ；电力系统频率的静态稳定的判据是 ； 电动机静态稳定运行的转矩—转差率的判据是 。
13. 同步发电机基本方程式经派克变换后，内部的电磁关系仍为 。
14. 有阻尼绕组同步发电机三相短路的暂态过程通常可分为两个阶段：短路的最初阶段称为 ；稍后阶段仍称为 。
15. 短路电流最大有效值imp I 是发生在短路后的 ，即t= 时，当冲击系数8.1im p =K 时，=im p I ωI 。
2013年6月英语四级考试真题以及答案(第1套)
2013年6月四级真题（第1套）Part Ⅰ Writing（30 minutes）Directions：For this part．you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay．You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension（30 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations．At the end ofeach conversation，one or more questions will be asked about what Was said．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After each question there will be apause．During the pause，you must read the four choices marked A，B，C and D，anddecide which is the best answer．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet lwith a single line through the centre．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
2019年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案(第1套)
大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on the importance of writing ability and howto develop it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than180 words.【参考范文】No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it is unlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability.At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study.In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability. For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practice makes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary.PartⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report, you will hear two or threequestions. Both the news report and then questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【参考答案】暂缺Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state’s had air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 .All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home of technological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what ishappening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work”days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A.assistedB.collaboratingC.consequenceD.consumersE.creatingF.detailG.domesticH.frequentlyI.inhabitantsJ.innovationK.intendedL.outdoorM.pollutantsN.restrictedO.Sum【参考答案】.M pollutants ..N restricted .. C consequence ..J innovation .. F detail ..K intended ..L outdoor .33. B collaborating .34. I inhabitants .35. E creating.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten statements attached to each statement containsinformation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information is derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.【参考答案】36-40 KDMGB41-45 LHFJCSection CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passageis followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the European Centre for Environment andHuman Health at the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons,”he said, “for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with all those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don’t make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery（彩票）winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many of the other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, “There’s growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces.”46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency.B) Add to their sustained happiness.C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Gain fame and popularity.C) Settle in an urban area.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its effect is.C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits physically49. What did Dr. White research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation.C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spacesin cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one ofthree state-of-the-art (最先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic, What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn’t even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and Whits Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on the open seas, The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship’s smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls（船体）believed to make them “unsinkable”, perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic’s and the Britannic’s tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World WarⅠ. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A)They performed marvelously on the sea.B)They could all break the ice in their way.C)They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D)They were models of modern engineering.52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A)Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B)The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C)Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D)The long voyages they were able to undertake.53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A)It was a mere piece of decoration.B)It was the work of a famous artist.C)It was designed to let out extra smoke.D)It was easily identifiable from afar.54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A)Their unscientific designs.B)Their captains’misjudgment.C)The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D)The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A)She was used to carry troops.B)She was converted into a hospital ship.C)She was sunk in World WarⅠ.D)She was retired after her naval service.【参考答案】46-50 BACDA51-55 CBADDPart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes totranslate a passage from Chinese into English. You shouldwrite your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
N1岗护士理论考试题答案(第1套)
1.呼吸的基本中枢位于(D )A. 脊髓B. 下丘脑C. 脑桥D. 延髓2.维持内环境稳态的重要调节方式是(D )A. 体液调节B. 自身调节C. 正反馈调节D. 负反馈调节E. 前馈控制3.有机磷农药中毒时，可使 (C )A. 乙酰胆碱释放量减少B. 乙酰胆碱释放量增加C. 胆碱酯酶活性降低D. 胆碱酯酶活性增强E. 骨骼肌终板处的乙酰胆碱受体功能障碍4.新斯的明普通不被用于(E )A. 重症肌无力B. 阿托品中毒C. 肌松药过量中毒D. 手术后腹气胀和尿潴留E. 支气管哮喘5.灭细菌芽胞最有效的方法是(D )A. 煮沸法B. 紫外线照射C. 间歇灭菌法D. 高压蒸气灭菌法E. 流通蒸气灭菌6.急性上呼吸道感染最常见细菌(B )A. 流感嗜血杆菌B. 溶血性链球菌C. 肺炎球菌D. 葡萄球菌E. 革兰氏阴性杆菌7.粉红色泡沫样痰见于(A )A. 急性左心衰竭B. 大叶性肺炎C. 肺脓肿D. 胸腔积液E. 心包积液8.消化道出血患者浮现黑便时，表明每日出血量在(C )A. 5~10mlB. 30~80mlC. 50~100mlD. 100~200mlE. 250~300ml9.腹膜透析的适应症哪项是错误的(D )A. 急性肾功能衰竭B. 慢性肾功能衰竭C. 急性药物中毒D. 周围循环衰竭E. 高尿酸血症10.PICC 常见并发症不包括以下哪项( E)A. 静脉炎B. 静脉血栓C. 导管脱出D. 导管阻塞E. 心律不齐11.甲亢时最具有诊断意义的体征(B )A. 心率加快，第一心音亢进B. 弥漫性甲状腺肿伴血管杂音C. 突眼D. 脉压增大E. 血压升高12.晨僵可以见于下列哪一种疾病(D )A. 系统性红斑狼疮B. 风湿性多肌痛C. 骨性关节炎D. 类风湿性关节炎E. 以上疾病浮现13.帕金森病又名震颤麻痹，是一种常见于中老年人神经变性疾病，临床上以( E )为主要特征A. 静止性震颤B. 运动迟缓C. 肌强直D. 姿式步态障碍E. 以上都是14.甲状腺亢进患者应进食 (B )A. 高热量、高蛋白、高维生素饮食B. 高热量、高蛋白、高维生素低碘饮食C. 高热量、高蛋白、高维生素高碘饮食D. 普通饮食E. 低盐低脂饮食16. 擦浴为病人降温时，禁擦拭的部位是： ( A )A. 后项B. 背部C. 颈部D. 手心17. 凡启用的各种溶酶需注明启用时间，在4~8℃连续应用不得超过： ( B )A. 8 小时B. 24 小时C. 48 小时D. 72 小时18. 甲状腺.气管切开术的病人应选择哪种卧位： ( D )A. 仰卧位B. 水平仰卧位C. 侧头仰卧位D. 垂头仰卧位19. 下面哪种疾病与胃癌不相关( A )A. 慢性肥厚性胃炎B. 恶性贫血C. 胃瘜肉D. 胃溃疡20. 肝硬化并发上消化道出血使用双气囊三腔管的时间不宜超过( B )A. 2 天B. 3-4 天C. 1 周D. 1-2 天21. 普通病区适宜温度为( B )A.18~20℃；50%~60%B.18~22℃；50%~60%C. 20~24℃； 70%~80%D. 22~24℃； 70%~80%22. 剖宫产手术时防止病人腿抬起的约束方法为： ( D )A. 肩部B. 腰部C. 肘部D. 膝部23. 连续使用氧气湿化瓶的湿化液应该用 ( C )A. 自来水B. 白开水C. 生理盐水D. 灭菌蒸馏水24. 临床上最常见的栓塞是： ( D )A. 羊水栓塞B. 气体栓塞C. 脂肪栓塞D. 血栓栓塞25. 炎症的基本病理变化是： ( C )A. 变质.渗出.水肿B. 变质.渗出.坏死C. 变质.渗出.增生D. 变质.渗出.机化26. 肺结核最可靠的诊断依据是( D )A. 胸片B. C. T 检查C. 结核菌素试验D. 痰菌检查27. 诊断慢性胃炎可靠的方法是( A )A. 纤维胃镜检查B. 详细问询病史C. 胃液分析D. 血清壁细胞抗体试验28. 清创缝合术的基本方法步骤不正确的是( D )A. 皮肤消毒B. 冲洗创口C. 清理创口D. 骨折复位29. 透析管路护理不正确的是( D )A. 妥善固定B. 观察管路有无扭曲.打折C. 一套透析管路应有动静脉两条D. 透析管路可多次使用30. 体温调节中枢位于( B )A. 小脑蚓部B. 丘脑下部C. 延髓上部D. 大脑枕叶31. 医院的饮食种类分下面哪三种( D )A. 基本饮食治疗饮食要素饮食B. 流质饮食半流质饮食普通饮食C. 基本饮食试验饮食要素饮食D. 基本饮食治疗饮食试验饮食32. 晶体的生理功能是( C )A. 屈光作用B. 维持眼压的作用C. 调节作用D. 支撑视网膜的作用33. 医院感染预防控制对病室内的空气及地面应采取的措施包括 ( A )A. 定时通风换气，必要时空气消毒；地面湿式清扫，遇污染时消毒B. 定时空气消毒，必要时通风换气；地面干式清扫，遇污染时清洁C. 定时通风换气，必要时空气消毒；地面干式清洁，遇污染时清扫D. 定时空气消毒，必要时通风换气；地面湿式清扫，遇污染时消毒34. 下列不属于眼外伤的因素( D )A. 机械性B. 物理性C. 化学性D. 药物性35. 新生儿病室要求每日开窗通风不少于 2 次，每次( A )A. 30minB. 1hC. 15minD. 1.5h36. 新生儿出生后败血症的感染途径主要是( D )A. 呼吸道B. 消化道C. 泌尿道D. 脐部和皮肤37. 新生儿硬肿症多发生在生后 1 周内，最先浮现皮下脂肪发硬和水肿的部位是( D )A. 面颊B. 臀部C. 下腹部D. 大腿外侧38. 有关影响高压灭菌效果的因素中，错误的是( D )A. 敷料包体积不可过大，以免热蒸汽不易穿透B. 拟灭菌物品罗列不可过挤，以总体积不超过柜室容积的 80%为宜C. 拟灭菌物品排放时，立放比横放更利于蒸汽的穿透D. 消毒员仅需具有熟练的专业知识和操作技能39. 胰岛素过量浮现的不良反应是( A )A. 低血糖B. 过敏性休克C. 荨麻疹D. 血管神经性水肿40. 我国的邻国共有几个( D )。
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一、填空题：（每题3分，共30分）
1. 解答：1()23
Arg z arctg k π=-+
，z = 2. 解答： U V x y ∂∂=-∂∂, U V y x
∂∂=∂∂。
3. 解答：充分， 充要。
4. 解答：42i +
5. 解答：1R =。
6. 解答：绝对收敛。
7. 解答：二级极点。
8. 解答：-1。
9. 解答：-4。
10. 解答：0。
二、计算题：（每题8分，共48分）
1、解答：
222(cos sin )33
k k i ππππ++=+
00,2(cos sin )133k w i ππ
==+= 11,2(cos sin )2k w i ππ==+=-
2552,2(cos
sin )133k w i ππ==+= 2、解答：22
(cos )s L t s ωω=+，由象函数微分性质得 2222222223
2(3)(cos )()()s s s L t t s s s ωωωω∂-==∂++ 3、解答：(02)i C re θθπ+≤≤0的参数方程可写作z=z ，所以
220120002,0()(cos()sin())00in n n C n i d i n dz i e d i z z r n i n d n r ππθπθπθθθθ-+⎧==⎪==⎨-⎪-=≠⎩⎰⎰⎰⎰ 所以10
2000()n C i n dz n z z π+=⎧=⎨≠-⎩⎰ 4、解答：函数f(z)在曲线C 的内部有奇点2z =-和3z =-，以2z =-和3z =-圆心，r 为半径作圆1C 2,C 。
则由复合闭路定理得
121122(2)(3)(2)(3)(2)(3)
(2)(3)(2)(3)
20020
C C C C C C C dz dz dz z z z z z z dz dz dz dz z z z z i i ππ=+++++++=-+-++++=-+-=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 5、解答： i 2
()1z
e f z z =+有两个一级极点i z =±，并有i ()()2z P z e Q z z ='， 故i Re (,i)2s f e =- ，i Re (,i)2
s f e -=。
6、解答：令θi e z =，则θθθizd d ie dz i ==，故dz iz d 1=θ，故原积分等于⎰=C z iz
dz e I ，其中C 为单位圆，因为iz e z f z
=)(只有一个一阶极点0=z ，所以 ππ2)2(0=⋅==z z
i
e i I 。
三、综合题 （每小题10分，共20分）
1、解答： 令22(4)(9)0z z ++=，则2,3z i i =±±，只取2,3z i i =
2
22(4)(9)2[Re ((),2)Re ((),3)]132()5105
x dx
x x i s f z i s f z i i i i πππ+∞
-∞++=+=-=⎰ 2、解答：由于1<|z|<3，那么1z ||<1,||<1,z 3利用当|α|<1 时的幂级数展式
......1112+++++=-n αααα
)1331(81)3)(1(122-+--=--z z z z z )13131(8122-----=z z z z 而
01113333(1)3n n n z z z +∞=--==--∑ ， 222202111111(1)n n z z
z z z +∞
===--∑ 所以，有
+++2+12-12-2n=0n=0n=01113=().(1)(3)83n n n n z -z z z z
∞∞∞----∑∑∑
四、证明题 （8分）
证明：设()(,)i (,)f z u x y v x y =+，由于其在区域D 内解析，则有 u v x y
∂∂=∂∂，u v y x ∂∂=-∂∂；又()f z 在区域D 内解析，有u v x y ∂∂=-∂∂，u v y x ∂∂=∂∂， 故0u u v v x y x y ∂∂∂∂====∂∂∂∂，因此，1(,)u x y c =，2(,)v x y c = 12()i f z c c =+。