形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

一、形容词和副词的概念

形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。

它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语。

副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.

二、形容词和副词的用法

①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。

如: a new book, two big trees等。

②形容词放在系动词be , get, turn, become, keep, stay, look, smell, feel, taste, sound, 等之后。

如:1.I am short.

2.She looks fine.

3.They turn green.

③如果形容词修饰不定代词something,

anything, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。

如:something interesting nothing new

④副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。

如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词）

2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词）

3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词）

4.We play happily. （修饰动词）

⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。

形容词副词比较级最高级变化形式归纳

大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

规则变化

1.单音节以及少数双音节的词后面直接加-er 或 -est

特别提醒：以-y,-er, -ow, le结尾的双音节形容词末尾加er和est。

如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy,

heavy, dirty, clever, narrow等。

2.以不发音的e结尾只加-r或-st

3.

4.再加

双写。

特别提醒：以形容前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy--unhappier--unhappiest, untidy--untidier--untidiest

6.以形容词+ly构成的副词要在前面加 more，most

特别提醒：early ----earlier----earliest

7.由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如

know→known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级。

◇further不仅可以指“距离更远”，还可指“程度更深”。

记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)

further education(继续教育)

further information (进一步的信息)

◇elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如: elder sister(姐姐)elder brother (哥哥)

◇less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。

以下内容不作为初中英语教学内容，仅供拓展之用。

◇少数单音节词前面加 more, most 构成比较级和最高级，这类形容词一般为表语形容词和由过去分词变成的形容词。

afraid ---- more afraid, most afraid

tired ---- more tired , most tired

fond ----- more fond , most fond

glad ----- more glad , most glad

bored ---- more bored , most bored

pleased---- more pleased , most pleased

◇下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种形式，即：既可加-er/-est

也可加more/most

cruel, strict, often, friendly, clever

◇下列形容词和副词没有比较级和最高

（即表示“最高程度”或“绝对状态”的形容词和副词没有比较级和最高

级）

empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely ...

形容词副词比较级最高级使用注意事项

◇比较应在同类事物之间进行。

误：Your English is better than me.

正：Your English is better than mine.

◇比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，最常见的三大修饰词是：a little,

much, even。

以下单词也可用来修饰：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。

My sister is a little taller than me.

Their house is much larger than ours.

另外，名词短语也可修饰比较级，说明程度。

I’m three years older than he.

特别提醒：very, quite, too不可修饰比较级。

◇避免重复使用比较级。

误：He is more kinder to small animals than I.

正：He is much kinder to small animals than I.

误：He is more cleverer than his brother.

正：He is cleverer than his brother.

◇比较要符合逻辑，在同一范围内比较时，避免将主语含在比较对象中，

这时需使用other来排除自身。

误：China is larger that any country in Asia.

正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.

误：John studies harder than any student in his class.

正：John studies harder than any other student in his class. 正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class.

正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.

◇比较要遵循前后一致的原则，注意前后呼应。

The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.

It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.

◇序数词通常只修饰最高级。

Africa is the second largest continent.

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.

◇为避免重复，我们通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出现的名词。