_Doctor-城市微观交通仿真及其应用(理工大-商蕾)

城市微观交通仿真

及其应用

培养单位：能源与动力工程学院学科专业：轮机工程

研究生：商蕾

指导老师：高孝洪教授

2003年10月

摘要

80年代以来，世界各国虽然基本建成了现代化道路网，但随着经济的发展，路网通行能力已经满足不了交通量增长的需要，交通拥堵现象日趋严重。为了在现有道路条件下实施交通规划和控制，在路网出现拥挤的情况下进行交通诱导和事故处理，必须对交通流的特性有清楚的认识。因此，在过去的五十年里，出现了大量的交通流理论和模型。如按细节层次分，交通仿真模型可分为亚微观模型、微观模型、中观模型和宏观模型。

以前的研究主要集中于宏观模型，讨论交通流量及密度的变化。现在，由于高速运算计算机的发展以及交通仿真的需要，研究热点逐渐转移到微观仿真模型。微观交通模型在每一时刻均计算每一辆车的位置、车速、加速度等特性，可为交通管理和仿真提供详细的信息。

本文以微观交通仿真建模和城市微观交通仿真系统开发为研究重点，主要完成了如下工作：

（1） 建立了车辆行为模型，其中包括跟驰模型、邻车影响模型和换道模型。模型中充分考虑了邻道车辆对驾驶行为的影响及驾驶员的

反应延迟，使模型更符合真实情况；

（2） 开发了城市微观交通仿真系统：该系统包括车辆产生模型、路网模型、交通规则模型、信号灯控制模型、车辆行为模型、路径选

择模型、路口转向描述模型；

（3） 在仿真应用中实现并研究了信号灯周期及其相位按交通需求动态分配的方案，提出该项仿真可用于确定在已知OD下，信号灯控

制路口的最大通行能力，并可作为现有控制方案的评估依据。

（4） 在图形工作站OCTANE上实现城市微观交通仿真系统的可视化，可从多角度实时观测交通状况。

（5） 通过对典型路段的交通调查，验证城市微观交通仿真系统的合理性。

关键词： 微观交通模型、仿真、可视化

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Abstract

Since 80’s, many countries have built modern road networks. With the development of economy, the traffic capacity cannot catch up with the traffic raising. Traffic congestion is being worse and worse. Taking traffic control and accident management under such condition requires a clear understanding of traffic flow characteristics. For this purpose, during the past fifty years, a wide range of traffic flow theories and models has been developed. These models are classified to submicroscopic model, microscopic model, mesoscopic model and macroscopic model according to the level of detail.

In the past, the hot point is the macroscopic model, which discusses the relationships among the traffic stream variables----speed, flow and density. Since the development of computer science and need of traffic simulation, the focus is transferred to microscopic models. Microscopic model calculates position, speed and acceleration of every vehicle in net at each moment. It can offer great deal of information to traffic management and simulation.

This dissertation focuses on microscopic traffic modeling and urban microscopic

traffic simulation system. The main contents are listed as follows:

(1) Establish a vehicle action model, including car following model, lane

changing model and nearby vehicle’s effect model. The model takes

enough consideration of the nearby vehicle’s influence and drivers’

response delay, which makes the model more realistic.

(2) Develop an urban microscopic traffic simulation system, which involves

vehicle generation model, network model, traffic regulation model,

signal control model, vehicle action model, route choice model and

intersection turning model.

(3) Realize and Research the method that signal cycle and phases are

assigned by the traffic need. When vehicles OD is known, this method

can be used to decide the maximum traffic capacity of signal-controlled

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