重庆大学2016年硕士英语考试试题
重庆大学2015年硕士英语考试
开卷闭卷Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)命题(组题)人: 李雁审题人: 黄萍命题时间:2014.12研究生院制学院 专业(领域) 类别 ( 学术 、专业 ) 学号 姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2014~2015 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I. Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans’ private lives.Europe’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage—twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative—dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don’t last long—if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she’d never have wanted to do what her mother did—give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”.1.More and more young Europeans remain single becauseA. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism.B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age.C. they have embraced a business culture of stability.D. they are pessimistic about their economic future.2.What is said about European society in the passage?A. It has fostered the trend towards small families.B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism.C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles areA. warm and lighthearted.B. on either side of marriage.C. negative and gloomy.D. healthy and wealthy.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show thatA. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institute for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product hasa radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sales without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is,the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world,mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that bothWal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could,indeed,be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category,and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem,a company in Cambridge,Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet .Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers whichproducts are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 11-15Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.11. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.12. In shops, products shelved at a more _______________ sell better even if they are more expensive.13. According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.14. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.15. Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 16-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 16-20 writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage16. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco.17. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.18. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.19. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.20. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.Part II. Translation from English to Chinese (20 points) Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high, with the trend of further going up. Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves. Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests, house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses. These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts. According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment, so they indeed became slaves of the house. While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses, they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.Part III. Translation from Chinese into English (20 points) Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.终身学习是指从学前到退休后获得及更新各种能力,兴趣,知识和资质的过程。
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生英语考试试卷
ad if命封线密A. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institut e for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and Ronaldo Menezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.11. freshly baked bread 12. visible level 13. impulse buying14. screen 15. discounts16.No17. Not given18. No 19. Yes 20. YesPart II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)中国房价问题近年来一直是社会热门话题。
2016年重庆大学翻译真题回忆版
就算我这般清心寡欲,心诚意洁。外边那浮躁的社会也没能放过我, 作协找我谈话,文联请我汇报思想,我一一回避,把电话线拔了,连 通往我妈那套单元房的小门,都上了锁,轻易不过去看。
我妈不干了!眼看我两礼拜没过去摘菜叶子,心想孩子还像不像话了, 没工作不说,连摘菜叶子都想赖过去。我妈过来找我做思想工作。
做好今年政府工作,要把握好以下三点。第一,稳定和完善宏观经济 政策。继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,更加注重预调微 调,更加注重定向调控,用好增量,盘活存量,重点支持薄弱环节。 以微观活力支撑宏观稳定,以供给创新带动需求扩大,以结构调整促 进总量平衡,确保经济运行在合理区间。
积极的财政政策要加力增效。今年拟安排财政赤字 1.62 万亿元,比 去年增加 2700 亿元,赤字率从去年的 2.1%提高到 2.3%。其中,中央 财政赤字 1.12 万亿元,增加 1700 亿元;地方财政赤字 5000 亿元, 增加 1000 亿元。处理好债务管理与稳增长的关系,创新和完善地方 政府举债融资机制。适当发行专项。保障符合条件的在建项目后续融 资,防范和化解风险隐患。优化财政支出结构,大力盘活存量资金, 提高使用效率。继续实行结构性减税和普遍性降费,进一步减轻企业 特别是小微企业负担。
2016 年重庆大学英语翻译基础真题
翻译硕士英语真题 回忆版
1. Phrases Translation (每个 1 分,共 30 分)
snailpaper eavesdropping frenemy soft perpetrator friendvertising deep bro talk DINKWAD
肇事逃逸 自拍 民告官 南水北调 新闻联播 点赞狂人 埃博拉病毒 一带一路
重庆大学161批次大学英语(3)(第2次)答案
重庆大学161批次大学英语(3)(第2次)答案第2次作业一、单项选择题(本大题共50分,共50 小题,每小题1 分)1. I can’t ( ) her endless complaint noise a moment longer.A. endureB. hearC. shareD. quarrel2. There can be no doubt ( )it was Keats that-composed the poems recited at the English evening.A. whoB. thatC. as toD. about whom3. The university baseball team ( ) its main rivals(对手) in the first round of the competition.A. conqueredB. ateC. foughtD. mastered4. I’ll never get married―I don’t want to spend my life surrounded by dirty washing and ().A. A children screamingB. B screaming childrenC. C screamed childrenD. D children screamed5. They said they were happy they had put their trust ( ) me.A. inB. onC.atD. to with6.I'll never forget ()the Alps for the first time. The sight was impressive.A. A seeB. B to seeC. C seenD. D seeing7. It is really difficult for Jack to ( ) with the other members in the company.A. remind ofB. relate toC. lead toD. bond together8. I have been trying to contact her ( ) the past week.A. sinceB. forC. tillD. through9. Albert ( ) his homework yesterday, so he couldn''t come to the party.A. must doB. may have doneC. ought to doD. had to do10. People of all ( ) would like their tax payment to be reasonably used for their benefit.A. rangesB. ranksC. stagesD. scans11. She could not move with her shirt ( ) on a nail.A. was caughtB. to be caughtC. caughtD. have been caught12.Beethoven is my favorite musician. I regard him as ()other musicians.A. A superior toB. B more superior thanC. C more superior toD. D superior than13. Poultry ( ) expensive in this city.A. isB. areC. wasD. has been14. He was a kind man and ( ) agreed to help us out.A. readilyB. reluctantlyC. quicklyD. absolutely15. The professor has given the students a list of articles ( ) the topic under discussion.A. relevant toB. related withC. associated withD. associated to16. The company offers a great ( ) of services to students.A. varietyB. varyC. variousD. variously17. Nobody says a word about the incident, ( ) ?A. does heB. doesn''''t heC. do theyD. don''''t they18. The furniture in her room is quite different from ( ) in the exhibition hail.A. thatB. one thatC. onesD. those ones19. She was, he thought, the best ()novelist in england.A. A livelyB. B livingC. C aliveD. D live20. Anything that he ( ) is worth listening toA. saidB. was sayingC. had saidD. says21. If you ( ) that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be sleepy now.A. hadn’t watchedB. didn’t watchC. haven’t watchedD. wouldn’t have watched22. When ( ) the airport, she waved again and again to us.A. leavingB. leftC. having leftD. having been leaving23. Women workers wear hats ( ) their hair gets caught in themachinery.A. beforeB. in thatC. not thatD. in case24. The number of errors ( ) surprising.A. will beB. wereC. have beenD. was25. Persian carpets are much dearer than ( ) from Japan.A. whatB. thoseC. thatD. them26. An airliner has ( ) way to taxi before it reaches the end of the runway.A. quite a longB. quite longC. a quite longD. a long quite27. My brother has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ( ) to see me until yesterday afternoon.A. comeB. cameC. was comingD. is coming28. I held the little bird in my hand and felt its heart ( ).A. strikingB. bumpingC. knockingD. beating29. The Internet allows schools to develop ( ) learning material that is accessible for students online anytime.A. a large amount ofB. a great number ofC. numerousD. great deal30.()what you intended, I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.A. A I had realizedB. B Had I realizedC. C Realized had ID. D Had realized I31. Some of the students only went to the net bar ( ), but most ofthem went there more often.A. occasionallyB. frequentlyC. hardD. gradually32. “Sorry, I’m late, Sir,” “You ( ) earlier.”A. must have comeB. can have comeC. will have comeD. should have come33. Mr. Kenny has not yet returned my books, but when ( ) I’ll lend them to you.A. they areB. he hasC. they doD. he does34. ( ) table tennis was accepted as a regular part of the Olympic Games.A. Not until 1986 thatB. It was in 1986 whenC. It was not until 1986 thatD. It was until 1986 that35. It is a great ( ) to the new Prime Minister to try to end the strike that has lasted several weeks.A. challengeB. workC. problemD. task36. I wonder how their ideas ( ) in practice.A. worked onB. worked outC. worked atD. worked for37. He chose to do administrative(行政) work in order to ( ) aposition of power.A. remainB. attainC. maintainD. domain38. The president, along with his wife and daughter, ( ) a visit to China.A. are payingB. is payingC. payD. have been paying39. The Long March of the red army is of great historic ( ).A. significanceB. competenceC. experienceD. workforce40. It is requested that rent for the house ( ) in advance.A. will be paidB. should have to be paidC. has to be paidD. should be paid41. It is a common theme in my fiction stories that the world may one day be ( ) by insectsA. broken inB. run overC. taken overD. filled in42. Never ( ) him in such a good mood.A. have foundB. I FindC. have I foundD. found I43.Sometimes earthquakes cause tidal waves and, ()in the case of Japan, these can be dangerous.A. A asB. B likeC. C such asD. D just like44. Never before ( ) felt himself so powerfully attracted to the creative idea.A. he hadB. had heC. he hasD. has he45. In a highly competitive world, an ( ) businessman-is not likely-to succeed.A. unimaginativeB. imaginativeC. unimaginateD. imagination46. Joe’s car has a flat tire. ( ) now is to walk to the nearest telephone.A. All he can doB. That he can doC. He can doD. All he did47. Nobody is allowed to go in. The committee seems ( ) an important problem.A. to have discussed toB. discussingC. to discuss to have beenD. discussed48. If we look at the problem ( ) we should be able to solve it.A. symbolicallyB. symptomaticallyC. systematicallyD. sympathetically49. My brother seldom does his homework in the morning , ( ) .A. so does TomB. Tom is tooC. nor does TomD. Tom doesn’t too50. The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates ( ) a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A. asB. andC. butD. or二、阅读理解单项选择题(本大题共50分,共5 小题,每小题10 分)1. How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively and efficiently. Learning strategies are “Procedures or techniques that learners can use to facilitate a learning task.“ Instructing students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategiesassists students in becoming independent, confident learners. Finally, students become more motivated as they begin to understand therelationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English. Students need to develop an awareness of the learningprocess and strategies that lead to success. Students who reflect on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems encountered, and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students accustomed to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the sole judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves.Because learning strategies are mental processes with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to explore new strategies, new applications,and newopportunities for self-regulated learning.(1). Better learningstrategies can make language learning more( ).A. funB.interestingC.efficientD.exciting(2). Students who reflect on their own ( )will be more successful in learning.A. thinkingB.evaluationC.performanceD. activities(3). Teachers should encourage students to rely more on ( )A. booksB.notesC.tutorsD.themselves(4). Learning strategies are unobservable mental processes, soteachers should make them ( )A.simplerB.more familiarC.more concreteD. more applicable(5). Which of the following statements is true? ( )A. Students learn learning strategies from the teachers only.B.Learning strategies are completely unobservable.C.Students need to explore new learning strategies for themselves.D.Teachers are the sole judges of students’ progress.2. Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership ( 伙伴关系) which does good to both of them. You may have noticed some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫) on sheep. The sheep allow the birds to do so because they remove the cause of discomfort. So although they can manage without each other, they do better together. Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals ( 珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products form the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are ever prevented from lighting so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.(1). Some birds like to sit on asheep because ( ).A. they can eat its parasitesB. they depend on the sheep for existenceC. they enjoy traveling with the sheepD. they find the position most comfortable(2). The underlined word "they" in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to ( ).A. birds and parasitesB. birds and sheepC. parasites and sheepD. sheep, birds and parasites(3). What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? ( )A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C. Some plants depend on each other for fooD. Some animals live better together.(4). What does this article talk about? ( )A. Two kinds of animals for a partnership.B. Most animals only have connection with animals.C. The connection between the living things.D. Corals have some connection with plants.3. Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. Doctors found that less than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to reduce weight said they were combining exercise with their diet.Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is necessary.A study confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.If you have been sedentary and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’ time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lost ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.(1). According to the passage, what is theadvantage of exercise mentioned by the author? ( )A. It can help you keep good health.B.It can help you maintain body weight.C. It can help you get rid of illness.D.It can help you find a good job.(2). When American people decided to lose their weight, what would they rather try? ( )A. To do exercise.B. To try some “light” beer.C. To try some “light” beer and low-calorie bread.D. To try both A and C.(3). The following statements are true except ( ).A. If people try some special food such as “light” beer when they want to lose weight, they would not regain their old weight.B. Both the diet and exercise play an important role in losing weight.C. Few American people who were trying to reduce weight would do exercise with their diet.D. If people walk one mile daily, and keep doing so for one year with diet, he would lost ten pounds.(4). The word “reduce” (Para. 1 ) probably means ( ).A. decreaseB. loseC. lessenD. cut down(5). This passage is mainly about ( ).A. the meaning of exerciseB. the way to reduce weightC. the relation between lose weight and exerciseD. the importance of losing weight4. How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate witheach other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined lo represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then lies in their associations―― the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain; words recall to, us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the, number of words that mean something to us increases.Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He canconvey hismeaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar ( 庸俗的)(1). The origin of language is ______A. a legend handed down from the pastB. a matter that is kept secretC. a question difficult to answerD. a problem not yet solved(2). One of the reasons why men invented certain sounds to express thoughts and actions was that______A. they could agree upon certain signsB. they could write them downC. they could communicate with each otherD. they could combine them(3). By "association ", the author means ______.A. a special qualityB. a joining of ideas in the mindC. an appearance which is puzzlingD. a strange feature(4). In expressing their thoughts, great writers are able ______.A. to confuse the readersB. to move our actionsC. to move menD. to tears to puzzle our feelings(5). Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT true?A. He is no more than a master of words.B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.C. He can move men to tears.D. His style is always charming.5. In Cardiff I was put to work in furniture department at one of the local stores. It was large, fairly out of date, run ( 经营), like its parent company in London, by a group of relatives. Being only a member of the store for a short time, I was in a very fortunate position. The others, particularly the older members of the store, were naturally asked to produce good sales figures. I was more of an observer. If I made a sale, I was pleased, but if I didn’t, I would not be blamed. I was really there to observe and learn, and as I had no interest in making a position in the furniture business, I wasn’t too diligent ( 勤奋) about that either.One salesman in late middle age once expressed his insecurity ( 不安全感) by scolding me of trying to steal one of his customers ( 雇客). Nothing could have been further from the truth, but he demanded that I go to the stockroom ( 货仓) with him to settle the matter. He was very small and thin, but to my surprise he started dancing about among the carpets and closets working his arms wildly and calling on me to put them up . I couldn’t put anything up ---I was too busy rolling on a four-foot six - inch spring mattress ( 弹簧垫子) , helpless with laughter. Finally he saw the joke too, and we went off to the members store for a conciliatory( 和解)cup of tea. Several days later, I finally left the store. Thank God!(1). The furniture department was run by ( )A. the author s parentsB. the author s relativesC. some member of a big familyD. the local government(2). The shop in Cardiff ( ).A. was big and very modernB. was old but beautifulC. didn’t sell furniture only wasD. famous in London(3). The author was lucky because ( ).A. sales figures were not importantB. for him he was younger than the othersC. he produced good sales figuresD. his pay was higher(4). One salesman thought that ( ) .A. the author was more of an observer than a real member of the storeB. what the author had said was far from the truthC. the author tried to get a person to buy the furniture dishonestlyD. the writer destroyed a four-foot six - inch spring mattress(5). Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? ( )A. The author only stayed in the shop for a short time because he was not interested in business.B. The author felt light - hearted when he left the shop.C. The author was punished for stealing money from the customer.D. The author was asked to put up the carpets.答案:一、单项选择题(50分,共50 题,每小题1 分)1. A2. B3. A4. B5. B6. D7. D8. B9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B14. A 15. A 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D 21. A 22. A 23. D 24. D 25.B 26. A 27.C 28.D 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. D 33. D 34. C 35. A 36. B37. B 38. B 39. A 40. B 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. B 48.D 49. C 50. A二、阅读理解单项选择题(50分,共5 题,每小题10 分)1.(1). C (2). A (3). D (4). C (5). C2.(1). A (2). B (3). A (4). C3.(1). B (2). C (3). A (4). B (5). C4.(1). C (2). C (3). B (4). B (5). A5.(1). C (2). C (3). A (4). C (5). B。
[考研类试卷]2016年重庆大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2016年重庆大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识
真题试卷
一、名词解释
1 莫言
2 四书五经
3 《史记》
4 柴可夫斯基
5 楚汉之争
6 《圣经》
7 法国大革命
8 村上春树
9 《百年孤独》
10 新常态
11 希区柯克
12 禅宗
13 蝴蝶效应
14 印象派
15 甘地
16 宫崎骏
17 贝聿铭
18 亚当.斯密
19 《南京条约》
20 西西弗斯
二、议论文写作
21 请根据下面的话题自拟题目写一篇议论文,宇数不少于1 500字。
(70分)
目前中国一方面老龄化社会加速和大学生就业困难,另一方面是国家连续放开二胎政策和人们生育动机不足,试分析这些社会现象及其关系、成因并提出建议。
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析(卷一卷二)(word文档良心出品)
2016同等学力申硕英语真题及答案解析(卷一) (卷一)Part I Oral Communication (10 points)Section A Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.Dialogue OneA. Will you take care of that for me?B. Does it have anything valuable inside?C. How do you want to send it?Clerk: May I help you? Customer: Ye s, I’d like to send this letter to my family in England. Clerk: Did you write your return address on the envelope? Customer: Yes, I did. Clerk: ____1____ Customer: I guess I’ll send it airmail. Clerk: ____2____ Customer: Yes. I enclosed a check and some photographs. Clerk: Then you’d better send it by registered mail. Customer: That’s a good idea.___3____ Clerk: I’m sorry, sir. You’ll have to take your letter to the next window.Dialogue TwoA. You can’t even stay in the sun for five minutes.B.I guess so.C. You want my advice?Winne: Oh, man! Nobody can stand this kind of scorching heat. Marc: Absolutely! _____4_____ Winne: Anyway, I guess this afternoon there’s nothing we can do but stay home. Marc: ____5_____ I don’t want to be taken to thehospital for heat exhaustion or something. Winne: ___6_____ Drink a lot of liquids and spare yourself the worst of the heat! Marc: Yean, you’re right. Got to drink a lot of fluids.Section B Directions:In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks and four choices A, B ,C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the Answer sheet.A.I literally can’t stop.B. But now I don’t need to worry any mo re.C. You’re known as the first billionaire author here.D. But that’s not just about money.Interviewer: You have published six popular books. 7Interviewee: Yeah. Interviewer: So how has being the first billionaire author affected your perception of yourself? Interviewee: I dress better. Well, you can definitely afford better clothes.8I think the single biggest thing that money gave me--and obviously I came from a place where I was a single mother and it really was hand to mouth at one point. It was literally as poor as you can get without being homeless at one point. 9 Never. Interviewer: Are you in a place now where you can accept that you will always be rich? Interviewee: No. Interviewer: And will you be writing more? Interviewee: Oh, definitely. I c an’t, yeah,10Well, I mean, you could tie my hands to my sides, I suppose, but I have to write. For my own mental health, I need to write.Part II Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D thatbest keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.11. Such experience helps promote one’s alertness to other cultures, as well as a better appreciation of one’s own culture.A. preferenceB. adjustmentC. sensitivityD. response12. If you always try to find fault with others, it means that you have gained another shortcoming.A. ignoreB. criticizeC. impressD. follow13. The election will be brought forward to June as so many people are on holiday in July.A. prolongedB. adaptedC. postponedD. Advanced14. As to the question of refreshments, I should think orange juice and potato chips will be sufficient.A. enoughB. abundantC. satisfyingD. proper15. Watching these kids grow brings me satisfaction that is difficult to surpass.A. obtainB. exceedC. describeD. forget16. The journal published a series of articles that reviewed the prospects for a new era of “genetic 16. medicine”.A. backgroundB. explorationC. surveyD. outlook17.If you don’t slow down and take a break, you’ll be burned out very quickly.A. distressedB. anxiousC. exhaustedD. upset18. Following our merging with Smith Brothers, the new company will, from now on be known as Smith and Murphy Inc.A. cooperationB. meetingC. agreementD. combination19. Only native-born citizens are eligible for the U.S. Presidency.A. requiredB. qualifiedC. selectedD. elected20. It was 38 degrees and the air conditioning barely cooled the room.A. simplyB. quicklyC. hardlyD. stronglyPart III Reading Comprehension (25 points)Section A Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage OneWhat did you study at university? If it was something along the lines of law or business, you might want to look away now. That's because according to new research, which has found a link between our university subjects and our personalities, you have selfish, uncooperative tendencies and are not very in touch with your feelings. On the plus side, you're probably the life and soul of a party, the findings suggest. Researchers analyzed data from more than 13,000 university students who were involved in 12 separate studies. From this, they discovered a correlation between the “Big Five” major personality traits and the subjects they were enrolled on. For example, those studying law, economics, political science and medicine tended to be much more outgoing than those taking other subjects, the study found. But when it came to “agreeableness” -- the tendency towards being helpful, generous and considerate -- the lawyers scored particularly low, as did business and economics students. Arts andhumanities students, as well as those studying psychology and politics scored highly for openness, meaning they were curious, imaginative and in touch with their inner feelings, while economists, engineers, lawyers and scientists scored comparatively low. However, the arts and humanities students also tended to be less conscientious and more nervous, typically exhibiting signs of anxiety and moodiness. Psychology students were not far behind arts and humanities students for these traits. Study author Anna Vedel, from the University of Aarhus in Denmark, said she was surprised by the magnitude of the results. “The effect sizes show that the differences found are not trivial, far from,” she said. “On the more humorous side they do confirm our more or less prejudicial stereotypes of the disturbed psychologist, the withdrawn natural scientist, the cynical economist.” And she said that the findings could help those school pupils who currently have no idea what to study at university, as well as helping academics to plan their lectures. “I’m not arguing that these results should play a major role in either guidance or selection, but it might provide some inspiration for students that are in doubt about study choices and want to make a choice based on more than abilities, for example,” said Dr Vedel. “Or teachers might better understand their student population.”21.The first paragraph implies that law or business students may _______.A.be amused by the researchB.be interested in the researchC.dislike the researchD.enjoy the research22.According to the research, law students scored particularly low in the trait of_______. A. generosityB. opennessC. anxiety D. selfishness23. The word “conscientious” (Para. 4) probably means “________”.A. moodyB. sensitiveC. curiousD. careful24. Anna Vedel stated that the research _______.A. confirmed the link between personality and professionB. showed that the differences were far from significantC. was not reliable because of its prejudicial observationD. did not have enough samples to support its findings25. According to Anna Vedel, the research may help ______.A. students make wise choices in finding jobsB. teachers understand their students betterC. students make presentations more academicallyD. school pupils go to better universitiesPassage TwoAlphaGo’s victory over Go( 围棋)champion Lee Se-dol reportedly shocked artificial intelligence experts, who thought such an event was 10 to 15 years away. But if the timing was a surprise, the outcome was not. On the contrary, it was inevitable and entirely foreseeable. Playing complex games is precisely what computers do supremely well. Just as they beat the world champions at checkers(跳棋)and then chess, they were destined to beat the champion at Go. Yet I don’t believe, as some do, that human defeats like this one presage an era of mass unemployment in which awesomely able computers leave most ofus with nothing to do. Advancing technology will profoundly change the nature of high-value human skills and that is threatening, but we aren’t doomed. The skills of deep human interaction, the abilities to manage the exchanges that occur only between people, will only become more valuable. Three of these skills stand out: The first, the foundation of the rest, is empathy, which is more than just feeling someone else’s pain. It’s the ability to perceive what another person is thinking or feeling, and to respond in an appropriate way. The second is creative problem-solving in groups. Research on group effectiveness shows that the key isn’t team cohesion or motivation or even the smartest member’s IQ; rather, it’s the social sensitivity of the members, their ability to read one another and keep anyone from dominating. The third critical ability, somewhat surprisingly, is storytelling, which has not traditionally been valued by organizations. Charts, graphs and data analysis will continue to be important, but that’s exactly what technology does so well. To change people’s minds or inspire them to act, tell them a story. These skills, though basic to our humanity, are fundamentally different from the skills that have been the basis of economic progress for most of human history, logic, knowledge and analysis, which we learned from textbooks and in classrooms. By contrast, the skills of deep human interaction address the often irrational reality of how human beings behave, and we find them not in textbooks but inside ourselves. As computers master ever more co mplexity, that’s where we’ll find the source of our continued value.26. According to the author, AlphaGo’s victory_____.A. could have happened earlierB. came as a pleasant surpriseC. was an expected resultD. was more a matter of luck27. The word “presage”(Para. 2) is closest in meaning to“ _____”.A. surviveB. sufferC. inventD. predict28. What is the author’s attitude towards the human future in the face of technology?A. UnclearB. ConfusedC. WorriedD. Optimistic29. Which of the following is the most fundamental to human interaction?A. Social sensitivity of group members to understand each other.B. Strong ability to share people’s feelings and respond.C. Team spirit to make sure that everyone is involved.D. Inspirational storytelling to motivate people to act.30. According to the author, the skills of deep human interaction .A. are the source of true human values in the futureB. can work with knowledge to make the world betterC. are similar to the skills of human logic and analysisD. can be learned from textbooks and in classroomsPassage ThreeLast year, I went WWOOFing (Willing Workers on Organic Farms) at abeautiful organic farm in La Réunion. With WWOOFing, volunteers exchange their time and work for food and accommodation. I slept in a cabin in the woods with hedgehogs(刺猬) digging about in the bushes, all different coloured birds singing in the morning and endless rows of palm trees offering shade from the sun. For me, one of the best ways to get to know a new place is to work with the land, live with the locals and share meals together. This is why I absolutely love WWOOFing. It has got to be one of the best ways to travel. It is a mutually beneficial exchange where everyone involved prioritises people and environment above profit. You get the time and space to deepen a connection with local communities and nature. There is a lot to learn and each farm has its own unique way of doing things, depending on the environment, climate and soil. At the farm in La Réu nion we planted palm trees to harvest the core of the trunk which can be eaten in salads. Before staying with the farm I had only eaten heart of palm from cans which were nothing in comparison to the real thing, fresh from the ground. When potting up the very beginnings of the palm trees, I felt grateful to be a part of the start of the trees' cycle. I was filled with awe that something so small could grow into something so big and strong. We also did lots of weeding, which helped me to get to know all kinds of different plants, to be able to identify which ones we could use as herbs/medicine/in salads and which were seen as uneatable. I also got to harvest pineapples and guava fruit(番石榴) to make jams which will be sold at the local market. Of course, not everyone is able to travel far away into the field.The great thing about the skill-share philosophy behind WWOOFing is that it’s something we can all do from our own backyard. The focus shifts from money to how we can best support each other in our communities. A fair exchange can make a big difference in the world.31. WWOOFing enables volunteers to ________.A. get food and shelter for their workB.travel around La Réunion for freeC. tell the differences between various birdsD. have close contact with wild animals32. The author found his farm life in La Réunio n quite ______A. awfulB. rewardingC. comfortableD. difficult33. The author did all of the following on the organic farm EXCEPT _______.A. removing weedsB. planting palm treesC. harvesting fruitsD. collecting vegetables34. The philosophy of WWOOFing is to _______A. improve local environmentB. make locals live betterC. unite different communitiesD. advocate a fair exchange35. This passage is mainly about _____A. the development of WWOOFingB. a local WWOOFing communityC. a charming WWOOFing experienceD. the system of WWOOFingPassage FourExperts say distracted walking is a growing problem, as people of all ages become more dependent on electronic devices for personal and professional matters. They also note pedestrian deaths have been rising in recent years. In 2005, 11% of all US deaths involved pedestrians, but that number rose to 15% in 2014. The rise in deaths coincides with states introducing bills that target pedestrians. Some states, such as Hawaii, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada and New York, continue to introduce legislation every year. The measure recently introduced by New Jersey assembly woman Pamela Lampitt would ban walking while texting and prohibit pedestrians on public roads from using electronic communication devices unless they are hands-free. Violators would face fines of up to $50, 15-day imprisonment or both, which is the same penalty as jaywalking(乱穿马路). Half of the fine would be allocated to safety education about the dangers of walking while texting, said Lampit. Some see the proposal as an unnecessary government overreach, while others say they understand Lampitt's reasoning. But most agree that people need to be made aware of the issue. "Distracted pedestrians, like distracted drivers, present a potential danger to themselves and drivers on the road," Lampitt said. "An individual crossing the road distracted by their smartphone presents just as much danger to motorists as someone jaywalking and should be held, at minimum, to the same penalty." The main question raised about the measure, though, is whether it can be enforced consistently by police officers whousually have more pressing matters to deal with. Some feel that rather than imposing a new law, the state should focus on distracted-walking education. Lampitt said the measure is needed to stop and penalize "risky behavior." She cited a National Safety Council report that showed distracted-walking incidents involving cellphones accounted for an estimated 11,101 injuries from 2000 through 2011. The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.36.This passage is mainly concerned with _____A. the difficulty in enforcing road regulationsB. rising deaths caused by distracted walkingC. the dangers of jaywalking on busy streetsD. distracted walking involving smart phones37. The states introducing bills that target pedestrians ________.A. have benefited from the billsB. find it hard to carry them outC. have been promoting the legislationD. will have fewer deaths of pedestrians38. According to the measure proposed by Lampitt, walking while texting would ______.A. become illegalB. involve safety educationC. be blamed publiclyD. incur a fine of over $5039. Lampitt reasons that distracted pedestrians are as dangerous as ________.A. motoristsB. speeding driversC. jaywalkersD. drunk drivers40. Which of the following would the author of the passage most probably agree with?A. Males are more vulnerable to distracted-walking injures.B. Police officers are unhappy with the proposed law.C. Safety education is more important than penalty.D. Rising distracted-walking incidents call for real attention.Section B Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The saying “Clothes Make the Man” dates back some 400 years and it refers to the fact that when people see a well-dressed person, they assume that person is a professional, capable, and (especially in the old days) rich. Therefore, you had to dress like how you wanted to be perceived, what you wanted to eventually achieve. Fast forward 400 years, lots of folks still think the same way. But does it really make a difference? I happen to be one of those who do not put faith in the old saying. I suppose I might be in the minority but I am a member of an elite club with the likes of Steve Jobs and Bill Gates in my camp. Perception is not reality; perception is halfway to discovering reality.Perception is drawn from our own impressions, our own belief systems. Is it powerful and influential? Absolutely! Is it all that it seems? Less often than you think. How many times have you cast an initial judgment only to surprise yourself later and learn how you missed out on a great opportunity, person or idea? Comment 1 In the present era, many associate the well-dressed with being the most successful. It took folks in the business world a long time to overlook the way Steve Jobs wore jeans on the public stage. I did not know Mr. Jobs, though I wish I had. I have heard it said that he invented the concept of “business casual.” In my mind that is as much a matter of self-confidence as it is a matter of taste in clothing. Comment 2 You are wrong about Steve Jobs. He certainly did care about how he was perceived and his appearance was very much calculated to achieve his desired effect. From his early formal business clothing down to the aggressive casualness of his eventual black turtle neck and jeans uniform, his clothes and the impact they made were clearly foremost in his mind. Comment 3 It reminds me of the story about the philosopher who goes to a formal dinner party in jeans. When asked if he felt out of place because of his clothes, he looked around and said he hadn’t noticed.41.Which of the following might the writer of the passage agree with?A. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dress formally.B. We should not judge a person by his clothing.C. It is clothes that make the man.D. The well-dressed are most likely to succeed.42. According to the writer of the passage, perception ______.A. might prove wrongB. is powerful and reliableC. is half realityD. might be worthless to us43. The writer of Comment 1 seems to ______.A. dislike the way Steve Jobs dressed for business occasionsB. suggest that business people have no taste in clothingC. believe that the well-dressed are the most successfulD. think that Steve Jobs’ casualness reflected his self-confidence44. Speaking of Steve Jobs, the writer of Comment 2 ________.A. points out that Steve Jobs was a very aggressive personB. suggests that he and Steve Jobs used to be in the same clubC. holds the same view as the writer of the passageD. thinks Steve Jobs’ casualness was carefully thought out45.When he went to the dinner party in jeans (Comment 3), the philosopher _______A. thought that people liked his clothesB. was not aware of how his clothes lookedC. felt quite embarrassedD. considered himself out of placePart IV Cloze (10 points) Directions:In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.The history of transportation is very long and full of changes and inventions. It starts ___46__ walking, which is not any invention; it just takes energy. People used to walk to get to other places. If you wanted to get somewhere quickly, the __47___way to do that was to run . Actually, the first invention for the transportation __48__ was the shoe. Centuries ago there were no shoes, and people walked barefoot. Then people invented ___49__ to transport themselves and materials from one place to another. In some cultures, people invented sledges(雪橇), ___50__ are a kind of board that you drag along the ground. You can tie things on the sledges to help carry them, but it’s a challenging invention ___51__ if you hit a rock with the sledges as you pull it, the contents can ___52___. In other cultures, people invented the wheels, which they used to make it easier to move things---and people. That was the beginning of many innovations in transportation. ___53___ people had wheels they could invent other ways to travel. They could put the wheels on a board and make it a wagon, and then they could ___54__ that wagon to an ox or a horse and ride as well as carry materials. That wheel led to __55___ we have today: trucks, automobiles, and even boats and planes. For example, there were steamboats that used giant wheels that turned with blades, pushing the water and pushing the boat forward.46. A. on B. at C. for D. with47. A. possible B. only C. one D. Just48. A. probably B. luckily C. really D. Formerly49. A. methods B. channels C. ways D. Measures50. A. what B. when C. where D. Which51. A. unless B. but C. even D. Since52. A. pull out B. slip off C. hold down D. put down53. A.Once B. Then C. However D.Yet54. A. stick B. make C. fasten D. change55. A. what B. that C. which D. howPart V Text Completion(20 points)Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging from 56 to 75).Above each text there are three or four phrases to be completed .First, use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. Text One56. A.many B.choose C.think of D. ways of Phrases: A.56only one languageB.57any reason not toC.in58different waysD.the most boring59seeing the world I think every language has a certain way of seeing the world. Each is a whole different world – a whole different mindsets. I couldn’t possibly60because it would mean really giving up the possibility to be able to see the world. So the monolingual lifestyle, for me, is the saddest, the loneliest,62. There are so many advantages of learning a language; I reallycan’t63. Text Two A. known B. idea C. feelPhrases: A. but it may64like forever B. a person may have no65what is wrong C.what is66as panic disorder A panic attack is a sudden feeling of terror. Usually it does not last long, __67__. The cause can be something as normally uneventful at driving over a bridge or flying in an airplane. And it can happen even if the person has driven over many bridges or flown many times before. A fast heartbeat. Sweaty hands. Difficulty breathing. A lightheaded feeling. At first __68___. But these can all be signs of ___69____. The first appearance usually is between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four. 1n some cases it develops after a tragedy. Like the death of a loved one, or some other difficult situation. Text Three A.lights B.protect C. in the dark Phrases: A.sit at home70 B.turn off all non-essential71 C.passed a law to I’m a big fan of trying to save the environment, and this month is the WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature) annual Earth Hour. Earth Hour is an event where you 73 and power between 8-9 pm, things like your TV and computer. However, you don’t just 74 for an hour. Instead, people gather in groups and have fun without using power. Things like dancing, fireworks and musical performances are popular and it’s very fun to take part. Earth Hour isn’t just about saving energy; people involved in Earth Hour have also planted a forest in Uganda, built2016年同等学力申硕英语真题参考答案及解析1.本题选 C 解析:根据第 1 题空格下面一行顾客说“我想我会用航空邮件寄”可以推断店员在问邮寄方式。
2016年硕士研究生考试专业学位英语二真题及答案word版
2016年硕士研究生入学统一考试专业学位英语二Section ⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A., B, C. or D. on the ANSWER SHEET .(10 points) Happy people work differently. They ‟re more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggest that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper 2 2 , , , firms firms firms in in in happy happy happy places places places spend spend spend more more more on on on R&D R&D R&D (research (research (research and and and development development development ). ). ). That That That‟‟s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investments for the future. The The researchers researchers researchers wanted wanted wanted to to to know know know if if if the the the 4 4 4 and and and inclination inclination inclination for for for risk-taking risk-taking risk-taking that that that come come come with with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities ‟ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas. 7 7 enough, enough, enough, firms firms firms‟‟investment investment and and and R&D R&D R&D intensity intensity intensity were were were correlated correlated correlated with with with the the the happiness happiness happiness of of of the the area area in in in which which which they they they were were were 8 . 8 . But But is is is it it it really really really happiness happiness happiness that that that‟‟s s linked linked linked to to to investment, investment, investment, or or or could could something something else else else about about about happier happier happier cities cities cities 9 9 9 why why why firms firms firms there there there spend spend spend more more more on on on R&D? R&D? R&D? To To To find find find out, out, out, the the researchers researchers controlled controlled controlled for for for various various various 10 10 10 that that that might might might make make make firms firms firms more more more likely likely likely to to to invest invest invest ––like like size, size, industry, industry, and and and sales sales sales ––and and for for for indicators indicators indicators that that that a a a place place place was was was 11 11 11 to to to live live live in, in, in, like like like growth growth growth in in in wages wages wages or or population. population. The The The link link link between between between happiness happiness happiness and and and investment. investment. investment. Generally Generally 12 even even after after after accounting accounting for these things. The correlation between happiness and investment was particularly strong for younger firms, which which the the the authors authors authors 13 13 13 to to to “less “less “less codified codified codified decision decision decision making making making process”process”and and the the the possible possible possible presence presence presence of of “younger “younger and and and less less 14 14 managers managers managers who who who are are are more more more likely likely likely to to to be be be influenced influenced influenced by by by sentiment.” sentiment.” sentiment.” The The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16 . Firms seem to invest more more in in in places places places where where where most most most people people people are are are relatively relatively relatively happy, happy, happy, rather rather rather than than than in in in places places places with with with happiness happiness inequality. 17 this doesn ‟t prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. It ‟s not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment sentiment would would would help help help 19 19 19 how how how executives executives executives think think think about about about the the the future. future. future. “It “It “It surely surely surely seems seems seems plausible plausible plausible that that happy people would be more forward-thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average,” said one researcher. 1 A. why B. where C. how D. when 2 A. In return B. In particular C. In contrast D. In conclusion 3 A. sufficient B. famous C. perfect D. necessary 4 A. individuation B. modernism C. optimism D. realism 5 A. echo B. miss C. spoil D. change 6 A. imagined B. measured C. invented D. assumed 7 A. SureB. OddC. UnfortunateD. Often8 A. advertisedB. dividedC. overtaxedD. headquartered9 A. explain B. overstateC. summarizeD. emphasize10 A. stages B. factors C. levels D. methods 11 A. desirable B. sociable C. reputable D. reliable 12 A. resumed B. held C. emerged D. broke 13 A. attribute B. assign C. transfer D. compare 14 A. serious B. civilized C. ambitious D. experienced 15 A. thus B. instead C. also D. never 16 A. rapidly B. regularly C. directly D. equally 17 A. After B. Until C. While D. Since 18 A. arrives B. jumps C. hints D. strikes 19 A. shapeB. rediscoverC. simplifyD. share 20 A. pray for B. lean towards C. give awayD. send out【参考答案】1. C. how 2. B. In particular 3. D. necessary 4. C. optimism 5. D. change 6. B. measured 7. A. Sure 8. D. headquartered 9. A. explain 10. B. factors 11. A. desirable 12. C. emerged 13. A. attribute 14. D. experienced 15. A. thus 16. D. equally 17. C. While 18. C. hints 19. A. shape 20. B. lean towards Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Direction: Read the following four texts, Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 It It‟‟s s true true true that that that high-school high-school high-school coding coding coding classes classes classes aren aren aren‟‟t t essential essential essential for for for learning learning learning computer computer computer science science science in in college. college. Students Students Students without without without experience experience experience can can can catch catch catch up up up after after after a a a few few few introductory introductory introductory courses, courses, courses, said said said Tom Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon ‟s School of Computer Science. However, However, Cortina Cortina Cortina said, said, said, early early early exposure exposure exposure is is is beneficial. beneficial. beneficial. When When When younger younger younger kids kids kids learn learn learn computer computer science, they learn that it ‟s s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers – but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It ‟s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said. Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away. The The Flatiron Flatiron Flatiron School, School, School, where where where people people people pay pay pay to to to learn learn learn programming, programming, programming, started started started as as as one one one of of of the the the many many coding boot camps that that‟‟s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers high-schoolers get get get the the the same same same curriculum, curriculum, curriculum, but but “we we try try try to to to gear gear gear lessons lessons lessons toward toward toward things things things they they they‟‟re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron class probably won‟t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails ” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn – how how to to to think think think logically logically logically through through through a a a problem problem problem and and and organize organize organize the the the results results – apply apply to to to any any any coding coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina. Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes –for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want –the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that –the better. 21. Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _______ A. complete future job training B. remold the way of thinking C. formulate logical hypotheses D. perfect artwork production 【答案】B 22. In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their________ A. experience B. interest C. career prospects D. academic backgrounds 【答案】B 23. Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will ________ A. help students learn other computer languages B .have to be upgraded when new technologies come C .need improving when students look for jobs D. enable students to make big quick money 【答案】A 24. According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______ A. bring forth innovative computer technologies B. stay longer in the information technology industry C. become better prepared for the digitalized world D. compete with a future army of programmers 【答案】C 25. The word “coax ”(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to ________ A. persuade B. Frighten C. Misguide D. challenge 【答案】A Text 2 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands —once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species …historic range. The The crash crash crash was was was a a a major major major reason reason reason the the the U.S. U.S. U.S. Fish Fish Fish and and and Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife Service Service Service (USFWS) (USFWS) (USFWS) decided decided decided to to formally list the bird as threatened. “ The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ,” said USFWS USFWS Director Director Director Daniel Daniel Daniel Ashe. Ashe. Ashe. Some Some Some environmentalists, environmentalists, environmentalists, however, however, however, were were were disappointed. disappointed. disappointed. They They They had had pushed pushed the the the agency agency agency to to to designate designate designate the the the bird bird bird as as as ““endangered,endangered,”” a a status status status that that that gives gives gives federal federal federal officials officials greater greater regulatory regulatory regulatory power power power to to to crack crack crack down down down on on on threats threats threats .But .But .But Ashe Ashe Ashe and and and others others others argued argued argued that that that the the the”” threatened threatened”” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations collaborations with with with western western western state state state governments, governments, governments, which which which are are are often often often uneasy uneasy uneasy with with with federal federal federal action. action. action. and and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken ‟s habitat. Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that that unintentionally unintentionally unintentionally kill, kill, kill, harm, harm, harm, or or or disturb disturb disturb the the the bird, bird, bird, as as as long long long as as as they they they had had had signed signed signed a a a range range —wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used used to to to compensate compensate compensate landowners landowners landowners who who who set set set aside aside aside habitat habitat habitat , , , USFWS USFWS USFWS also also also set set set an an an interim interim interim goal goal goal of of restoring restoring prairie prairie prairie chicken chicken chicken populations populations populations to to to an an an annual annual annual average average average of of of 67,000 67,000 67,000 birds birds birds over over over the the the next next next 10 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (W AFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states ” remain in the driver driver‟‟s seat for managing the species,” Ashe said. Not Not everyone everyone everyone buys buys buys the the the win-win win-win win-win rhetoric. rhetoric. rhetoric. Some Some Some Congress Congress Congress members members members are are are trying trying trying to to to block block block the the plan, plan, and and and at at at least least least a a a dozen dozen dozen industry industry industry groups, groups, groups, four four four states, states, states, and and and three three three environmental environmental environmental groups groups groups are are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesn ‟t go far enough. “The federal government is is giving giving giving responsibility responsibility responsibility for for for managing managing managing the the the bird bird bird to to to the the the same same same industries industries industries that that that are are are pushing pushing pushing it it it to to extinction, ” says biologist Jay Lininger. 26. The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____. A. its drastically decreased population B. the underestimate of the grassland acreage C. a desperate appeal from some biologists D. the insistence of private landowners 【答案】A 27. The “threatened threatened”” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____. A. was a give-in to governmental pressure B. would involve fewer agencies in action C. granted less federal regulatory power D. went against conservation policies 【答案】D 28. 28. It It It can can can be be be learned learned learned from from from Paragraph3 Paragraph3 Paragraph3 that that that unintentional unintentional unintentional harm-doers harm-doers harm-doers will will will not not not be be be prosecuted prosecuted prosecuted if if they_____. A. agree to pay a sum for compensation B. volunteer to set up an equally big habitat C. offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job D. promise to raise funds for USFWS operations 【答案】A 29. According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species is______. A. the federal government B. the wildlife agencies C. the landowners D. the states 【答案】D 30. Jay Lininger would most likely support_______. A. industry groups B. the win-win rhetoric C. environmental groups D. the plan under challenge 【答案】B ?A ?Text 3 That That everyone everyone everyone‟‟s s too too too busy busy busy these these these days days days is is is a a a clich clich é. . But But But one one one specific specific specific complaint complaint complaint is is is made made especially mournfully : There There‟‟s never any time to read. What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don ‘t seem sufficient. The web ‟s full of articles offering tips on making time to read:” Give up TV ” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes minutes doesn doesn doesn‟‟t t work. work. work. Sit Sit Sit down down down to to to read read read and and and the the the flywheel flywheel flywheel of of of work-related work-related work-related thoughts thoughts thoughts keeps keeps spinning-or spinning-or else else else you you you‟‟re re so so so exhausted exhausted exhausted that that that a a a challenging challenging challenging book book book‟‟s s the the the last last last thing thing thing you you you need. need. need. The The modern modern mind, mind, mind, Tim Tim Tim Parks, Parks, Parks, a a a novelist novelist novelist and and and critic, critic, critic, writes, writes, writes, ““is is overwhelmingly overwhelmingly overwhelmingly inclined inclined inclined toward toward communication …It It is is is not not not simply simply simply that that that one one one is is is interrupted; interrupted; interrupted; it it it is is is that that that one one one is is is actually actually actually inclined inclined inclined to to interruption.interruption.”” Deep Deep reading reading reading requires requires requires not not not just just just time, time, time, but but but a a a special special special kind kind kind of of of time time time which which which can can can‟‟t t be be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient ” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be be maximized maximized maximized means means means you you you approach approach approach it it it instrumentally, instrumentally, instrumentally, judging judging judging any any any given given given moment moment moment as as as well well well spent spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, godlessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you ‟ll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The The future future future comes comes comes at at at us us us like like like empty empty empty bottles bottles bottles along along along an an an unstoppable unstoppable unstoppable and and and nearly nearly nearly infinite infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You‟d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behavior helps us “step outside time ‟s flow ” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, books, or on or on single-purpose single-purpose e-readers. e-readers. e-readers. ““Carry Carry a a a book book book with with with you you you at at at all all all times times times”” can can actually actually actually work, work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no no longer longer longer feels feels feels as as as if if if you you you‟‟re re ““making making time time time to to to read,read,read,”” but but just just just reading, reading, reading, and and and making making making time time time for for everything else. 31. The usual time-management techniques don ‟t work because . A. what they can offer does not ease the modern mind B. what challenging books demand is repetitive reading C. what people often forget is carrying a book with them D. what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 【答案】D 32. The “empty bottles ” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to . A. update their to-do lists B. make passing time fulfilling C. carry their plans through D. pursue carefree reading 【答案】B 33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps . A. encourage the efficiency mind-set B. develop online reading habits C. promote ritualistic reading D. achieve immersive reading 【答案】D 34. “Carry a book with you at all times ”can work if . A. reading becomes your primary business of the day B. all the daily business has been promptly dealt with C. you are able to drop back to business after reading D. time can be evenly split for reading and business 【答案】A 35. The best title for this text could be . A. How to Enjoy Easy Reading B. How to Find Time to Read C. How to Set Reading Goals D. How to Read Extensively 【答案】B Text 4 Against Against a a a backdrop backdrop backdrop of of of drastic drastic drastic changes changes changes in in in economy economy economy and and and population population population structure, structure, structure, younger younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across Across generational generational generational lines, lines, lines, Americans Americans Americans continue continue continue to to to prize prize prize many many many of of of the the the same same same traditional traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. oung Y oung people people people who who who are are are still still still getting getting getting started started started in in in life life life were were were more more more likely likely likely than than than older older older adults adults adults to to prioritize prioritize personal personal personal fulfillment fulfillment fulfillment in in in their their their work, work, work, to to to believe believe believe they they they will will will advance advance advance their their their careers careers careers most most most by by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From From career career career to to to community community community and and and family, family, family, these these these contrasts contrasts contrasts suggest suggest suggest that that that in in in the the the aftermath aftermath aftermath of of of the the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While While younger younger younger people people people are are are somewhat somewhat somewhat more more more optimistic optimistic optimistic than than than their their their elders elders elders about about about the the the prospects prospects prospects for for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life ” face face a a a tougher tougher tougher a a a good-paying good-paying good-paying job, job, job, starting starting starting a a a family, family, family, managing managing managing debt, debt, debt, and and and finding finding finding affordable affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.” I can‟t afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college college when when when he he he was was was young.young.“I I still still still grew grew grew up up up in in in an an an upper upper upper middle-class middle-class middle-class home home home with with with parents parents parents who who didn didn‟‟t have college degrees,”Schneider said.” I don ‟t think people are capable of that anymore.”36、One cross-generation mark of a successful life is . A. trying out different lifestyles B. having a family with children C. working beyond retirement age D. setting up a profitable business 【答案】B 37、It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to . A. favor a slower life pace B. hold an occupation longer C. attach importance to pre-marital finance D. give priority to childcare outside the home 【答案】C 38、The priorities and expectations defined by the young will . A. become increasingly clear B. focus on materialistic issues C. depend largely on political preferences D. reach almost all aspects of American life 【答案】D 39、Both young and old agree that . A. good-paying jobs are less available B. the old made more life achievements C. housing loans today are easy to obtain D. getting established is harder for the young 【答案】D 40、Which of the following is true about Schneider? A. He found a dream job after graduating from college B. His parents believe working steadily is a must for success C. His parents‟ good life has little to do with a college degree D. He thinks his job as a technician quite challenging 【答案】C Part B Directions :Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) A. Be silly B. Have fun C. Ask for help D. Express your emotions. E. Don‟t overthink it F. Be easily pleased G. Notice things Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age. (1) As adults, it seems that we‟re constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they don ‟t need self-help books or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps it ‟s time to learn a few lessons from them. 41_____________________. (2) (2) What What What does does does a a a child child child do do do when when when he he he‟‟s s sad? sad? sad? He He He cries. cries. cries. When When When he he he‟‟s s angry? angry? angry? He He He shouts. shouts. shouts. Scared? Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and don ‟t dictate our behaviors, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process process too too too far far far and and and end end end up up up suppressing suppressing suppressing emotions, emotions, emotions, especially especially especially negative negative negative ones. ones. ones. That That That‟‟s s about about about as as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on. 。
大学英语(2)A卷(重庆大学网络教育)
⼤学英语(2)A卷(重庆⼤学⽹络教育)201602批次⽹上考试⼤学英语(2)A卷⼤学英语(2)⼀、单项选择题 (共 20 题、17 / 20 分 )1、I offered to pay the check, but was ____ by my friend.A、inclinedB、declinedC、repliedD、applied2、As the youngest president of U.S., he did exceptionally well in lowering the unemployment during his ____.A、periodB、decadeC、timeD、tenure3、Most of the Chinese are ____ and kind to me.A、friendshipB、friendlyC、hospitableD、hostile4、()your credit card into the ATM, input the right code and then you canget the money.A、putB、takeC、raiseD、insert5、If you ( ) the doctor's advice, you would have recovered already.A、followedB、would followC、followD、had followed6、China and India ( ) 40% of the world’s populationA、PresentD、preserve7、The commander’s words ()excitement in the students and encouraged them to struggle for their motherland.A、stimulatedB、aroseC、stirredD、tiggered8、Businesses and professional services are listed in a special ( ) directory.A、ClassifiedB、ClassicalC、classD、classes9、The ministers agree ( ) global warming is a serious world problem.A、whatB、whichC、whenD、that10、-"It ()for a week!"-"Don’t worry! It ()be a fine day tomorrow."A、rains…is suppose toB、is raining … is suppose toC、has rained…is supposed toD、has been raining… is supposed to11、The questions is ( ) American and European companies understand the Russian business environment.A、ThatB、WhetherC、AsD、why12、If he had asked me, I ( ) him.A、should have helpedB、would helpC、would have helpedD、helpedB、ConversationC、TransitionD、innovation14、The fans of this music star _____ him in the hall.A、surrounded withB、crowded aroundC、grouped aroundD、huddle together15、John used to get up early, ()?A、used heB、did heC、didn''''t heD、would he16、I have no doubt ( ) he will overcome all the difficulties.A、whetherB、ifC、thatD、as to17、( ) in England for one year, I’ve got accustomed to English food now. ?A、LivedB、LivingC、Having livedD、Having been lived18、I gave him the book, but demanded that he ( ) it to me in a week.A、must returnB、returnC、would returnD、returned19、Evidently, the untethered electronic voice ( ) human contact.A、prefer toB、is preferred toC、is preferable toD、preferable to20、The office he worked for was shut down, ( ) he returned to his hometown. ?A、HoweverC、whereuponD、whereas⼆、阅读理解单项选择题 (共 2 题、10 / 20 分 )1、Think of what things would be like without cars. Our lives would be the same.We would have to use bikes, horses, or our feet to get to places. And wecouldn''t go as far as we are used to going. But we do have cars. With cars, people can come and go as they please. They can work far from home. Many people live in the country. But they work in the city. Most of them get there in cars. This means that there are a lot of cars on the road.Are there too many cars on the road? Some people think so. So they are asking that we take trains and buses. But not everyone can do this. Some people must take their cars. This is because no trains or buses go where they have to go. Maybe other people could go to work with them. Then there wouldn''t be so many cars on the road.What will our lives be like in times to come? Maybe we won''t need cars so much. Maybe more of us will work at home. Maybe trains and buses will go to more places. Then more people will be in them. This will mean more room on our streets and roads.It would be nice if people walk more. They might like to step along a street or road. They would not get far very fast. But they would have the time to look around them. Who knows? They might even feel better, too!1、What's not the possible reason why there are a lot of cars on the road?A、Because everyone likes to drive his own car to do whatever he likes. ?B、Because the number of trains and buses is small.C、Because many people who live in the country go to work in cars in the city.D、Because it is more convenient for people to go to places in cars than other means.2、According to the author, which of the following is not the reason why thenumber of cars willbe reduced in the future?A、More people will work at home.B、Trains and buses will go to more places.C、More people will take buses and trains.D、People won't need so many cars.3、It can be inferred from the passage that __.A、the author thinks that people who are in the city should not live in the countryB、the author thinks that there should be more trains and buses which should go to more placesC、the author wishes that the number of cars would be reduced so that there will be more room on the streets and roadsD、the authors believe that more walk does good to health4、What does the underlined word "please" here mean?A、to goB、to meanD、to love5、What's the writer's opinion in this passage?A、We should use more carsB、We should use fewer cars.C、We should not use carsD、We should take good care of cars.2、Your mobile phone( ⼿机) rings, and instead of the usual electronic signals, it's playing your favorite music. A friend sends you favorite song to cheer you up. One day, a record company might forward new records and music videos to your phone.The mobile business is getting into the music business. For the moment, the interest is in pleasant ring tones, but some companies are hoping to take full advantage of the next generation of mobile phone --- all-purpose gadgets ( ⼩玩意⼉) that blend phone, personal stereo, video player and Internet browser into one.Finally, record companies might send new records and videos to fans who register their numbers.The fans could pass music or songs along to friends--- a kind of musical trading card. Unlike Internet tracks, mobile downloads would be easy for recordcompanies to control, said former record industry official Ralph Simon, who is now chairman of Yourmobile, based in Santa Monica, California."If you pass a song along to other phones through a network, each phone can be charged,"said Simon."It's like going through a toll gate ( 收费站). There's more possibility for copyright control than there is on the Internet."Massachusetts-based Converse is offering a service in Portugal and theNetherlands that lets people record tunes on their voice mail or send music as presents to friends. Finally, people might be able to sing karaoke and pass them along. The company is sure that people will want to use music to reach out and touch someone.1、The underlined word “ blend” in the second paragraph most probably means( )A、sendB、becomeC、mixD、compare2、Record companies ( ) the idea of passing songs and music along mobilephones.A、are worried aboutB、are interested inC、try hard to stopD、take no notice of3、According to Ralph Simon, it would be easier to ( ) through mobile phonenetwork than through the Internet.C、pars along songs and musicD、send voice maid4、"Massachusetts- based Converse" in the six paragraph probably refers to ( ) ?A、a personB、a city in IsraelC、a state of USAD、a company5、All the following are true except( )A、The mobile companies become involved in music businessB、The mobile phone might serve as a stereo, a video play as well as an internet browserC、Your friend might sing karaoke and send it to your phoneD、The mobile network is better than the internet三、填空题 (共 10 题、0 / 20 分 )1、As long as you return the money promptly. I'll lend it to you with (please) ( ).pleasure2、We should try to learn more (economy) ( ) theory and apply it in practice.economic3、All these worries made it (possible) ( ) for her to concentrate on her work.impossible4、(face) ( ) your weak points doesn’t mean looking down upon yourself.Facing / To face5、It was ordered that no smoking (allow) ( ) in the library. (should) be allowed(should) be allowed6、By the end of this month, we surely will have found a ( ) (satisfy) solution to the problem.satisfying satisfactory7、This (decide) ( ) was made according to what my father said.C[SEPARATOR]D8、Television keeps us (inform) ( ) about current events and the latest developments in science and politics. informed9、The longer they listen to him, the (little) ( ) they like him.less10、—I'd met Smith several times before.—So (have) ( ) I.had四、问答题 (共 5 题、0 / 20 分 )1、This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You’re required to write不要随意离开团队;有事找导游,不要私⾃处理等等Notice Dear?tourists: We are going to visit some interesting placesthis afternoon. There are some points that you have to pay attention to: First, don‘t be late or dont leave our team without permission; Second, if you have any trouble,dont deal with it by yourself. Try to inform you tourguide who will surely help you. Sincerely yours,2、给Robert 先⽣写⼀封短信。
重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语
重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语In the realm of postgraduate entrance exams, the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam stands out as a crucial component that challenges the linguistic proficiency and analytical skills of aspirants. This section demands a thorough understanding of the English language, encompassing various aspects such as vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, writing, and translation. Given its significance, it's imperative for candidates to approach this section with the utmost seriousness and preparation.To ace the Comprehensive English section, candidates must first familiarize themselves with the exam format and the types of questions that are commonly asked. Thisinvolves understanding the distribution of marks, the reading comprehension passage styles and lengths, and the expected response formats for writing and translation tasks. By having a clear understanding of the structure,candidates can allocate their study time and efforts more effectively.Vocabulary mastery is another cornerstone of success in this section. Candidates must be able to recognize and correctly use high-level vocabulary that is commonly foundin academic texts. This requires regular practice and revision of vocabulary lists, as well as reading a wide range of materials to familiarize oneself with the natural flow and context of these words.Grammar is also crucial, as it forms the backbone ofthe English language. Candidates must have a solid grasp of the basic rules of grammar, including sentence structure, tenses, voice, and mood. Additionally, they should be ableto identify and correct grammatical errors in written texts, as this is a common requirement in the exam.Reading comprehension is a significant aspect of the Comprehensive English section. Candidates must be able to quickly and accurately understand the main ideas, arguments, and details presented in the passages. This requires notonly a good vocabulary and grammar base but also theability to skim and scan texts efficiently. Regularpractice with reading comprehension exercises can help candidates improve their speed and accuracy.Writing skills are also tested in this section, often through tasks such as essay writing or letter writing. Candidates need to demonstrate their ability to structure a coherent argument, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and maintain a logical flow of ideas. Practicing writing sample essays and letters, as well as receiving feedback on their work, can help candidates improve their writing skills.Translation tasks, which may involve translating English passages into Chinese or vice versa, require a high level of linguistic proficiency. Candidates must be able to capture the essence of the original text while maintaining the correct syntactical structure and vocabulary usage in the target language. This requires a deep understanding of both languages and regular practice with translation exercises.Lastly, candidates should focus on developing theirtest-taking strategies. This includes learning to manage their time effectively during the exam, prioritizing questions based on difficulty and familiarity, and guessing intelligently when faced with unfamiliar questions. Takingmock exams and analyzing their performances can help candidates identify their weaknesses and develop strategies to address them.In conclusion, mastering the Comprehensive English section of Chongqing University's graduate exam requires a comprehensive understanding of the exam format, thorough preparation in all language areas, regular practice, and strategic test-taking abilities. By approaching thissection with these key elements in mind, candidates can increase their chances of achieving a favorable outcome in their postgraduate entrance exams.**重庆大学研究生考试真题综合英语解析与备考策略** 在重庆大学研究生考试中,综合英语部分占据着举足轻重的地位,它不仅是对考生语言能力的检验,更是对他们分析能力的挑战。
重庆大学硕士研究生(英语)课程试卷 研究生B类
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B 类)2015~2016 学年 第 二 学期(春)开课学院:外国语学院 课程编号:G0401A考试日期: 2016.06.19考试方式:开卷闭卷其他 考试时间: 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次:_______________ Answer SheetPart I Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, each item 2points)Passage One 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( )Passage Two 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )Passage Three 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )Passage Four 16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )Part II Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV Writing ( 20 points)(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)命题(组题)人:审题人:命题时间:2016.06研究生院制学院 专业(领域) 类别 ( 学术 、专业 ) 学号 姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2015~2016 学年第二学期硕士生B类The Final Written Examination for Postgraduates(Level B)Part I Reading Comprehension(40 points)Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day. 1. From the passage we can infer taboo is ______.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terribleB. a crime committed on impulseC. behavior considered unacceptable in society's eyesD. an unfavorable impression left on other people2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_______.A. will always remain a tabooB. is not considered a taboo by most peopleC. has long been a tabooD. may no longer be a taboo some day3. The topic of fat is _______ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than4. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out", this means _______.A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside"B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy"C. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless"D. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"5. The main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is _______.A. their changed life-styleB. their eagerness to stay thin and youthfulC. their appreciation of the importance of exerciseD. the encouragement they have received from their companiesPassage TwoOpinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and someof the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a daunting thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were excluded—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.All this may now have to change.The time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.6. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.B. Unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.C. The industrial age may now be coming to an end.D. Some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with theproblem of unemployment.7. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?A. The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.B. The development of factories.C. Relief from housework on the part of women.D. Development of modern means of transportation.8. It can be inferred from the passage that____.A. most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment maynot be solved within a short period of timeB. many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructedC. in preindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried outby womenD. some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have beenreversed9. What does the word “daunting” in the third paragraph mean?A. ShockingB. InterestingC. ConfusingD. Stimulating10. Which of the following is NOT suggested as a possible means to cope with the currentsituation?A. Create situations in which people work for themselves.B. Treat employment as the norm.C. Endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.D. Encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions. Passage ThreeNo one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstances. Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society. Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole.The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth. There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept. What could be more important than the individual himself? If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence. Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing is not to be belittled by a wealthy person who wears expensive quality clothing. Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality. If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better? It is only a short step from forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of food. When this happens, all incentive to improve one’s life is removed. Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?Uniforms also hurt the economy. Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly. Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating and marketing different types of clothing. If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary. Sales person would be superfluous as well; why bother to sell the only items that are available? The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry, which in turn would have a ripple effect on such industries as advertising and promotion. Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business. The entire information and entertainment industry would collapse.11.The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to __________ .A. plead for the abolition of uniformsB. show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic societyC. advocate stronger government controls on the wearing of uniformsD. convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages12.Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?A. To show that freedom of choice is absolute.B. To show that the government has interfered too much in the lives of individual.C. To suggest what would happen if uniforms became compulsory.D. To predict the way the society will be in the next few generations.13.Which of the following statements is the opinion of those who support uniforms?A. The person who wears a uniform has no self-worth.B. Wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger concept.C. Uniforms will hurt the entire information and entertainment industry.D. Envy and competition are incentive to improve one’s life.14.The word “superfluous” (Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means __________ .A. surplusB. indispensableC. availableD. supplementary15.The next paragraph in this passage might discuss __________ .A. the positive effects of wearing uniformsB. more negative effects of wearing uniformsC. an alternative to wearing uniformsD. The legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniformsPassage FourWhy the inductive and mathematical sciences, after their first rapid development at the culmination of Greek civilization, advanced so slowly for two thousand years—and why in the following two hundred years a knowledge of natural and mathematical science has accumulated, which so vastly exceeds all that was previously known that these sciences may be justly regarded as the products of our own times—are questions which have interested the modern philosopher no less than the objects with which these sciences are more immediately conversant. Was it the employment of a new method of research, or in the exercise of greater virtue in the use of the old methods, that this singular modern phenomenon had its origin? Was the long period one of arrested development, and is the modern era one of normal growth? Or should we ascribe the characteristics of both periods to so-called historical accidents—to the influence of conjunctions in circumstances of which no explanation is possible, save in the omnipotence and wisdom of a guiding Providence?The explanation which has become commonplace, that the ancients employed deduction chiefly in their scientific inquiries, while the moderns employ induction, proves to be too narrow, and fails upon close examination to point with sufficient distinctness the contrast that is evident between ancient and modern scientific doctrines and inquiries. For all knowledge is founded on observation, and proceeds from this by analysis, by synthesis and analysis, by induction and deduction, and if possible by verification, or by new appeals to observation under the guidance of deduction—by steps which are indeed correlative parts of one method; and the ancient sciences afford examples of every one of these methods, or parts of one method, which have been generalized from the examples of science.A failure to employ or to employ adequately any one of these partial methods, an imperfection in the arts and resources of observation and experiment, carelessness in observation, neglect of relevant facts, by appeal to experiment and observation—these are the faults which cause all failures to ascertain truth, whether among the ancients or the moderns; but this statement does not explain why the modern is possessed of a greater virtue, and by what means he attained his superiority. Much less does it explain the sudden growth of science in recent times.The attempt to discover the explanation of this phenomenon in the antithesis of “facts” and “theories” or “facts” and “ideas”—in the neglect among the ancients of the former, and their too exclusive attention to the latter—proves also to be too narrow, as well as open to the charge of vagueness. For in the first place, the antithesis is not complete. Facts and theories are not coordinate species. Theories, if true, are facts—a particular class of facts indeed, generally complex, and if a logical connection subsists between their constituents, have all the positive attributes of theories.Nevertheless, this distinction, however inadequate it may be to explain the source of true method in science, is well founded, and connotes an important character in true method. A fact is a proposition of simple. A theory, on the other hand, if true has all the characteristics of a fact, except that its verification is possible only by indirect, remote, and difficult means. To convert theories into facts is to add simple verification, and the theory thus acquires the full characteristics of a fact.16. The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage isA. Philosophy of mathematics.B. The Recent Growth in Science.C. The Verification of Facts.D. Methods of Scientific Inquiry.17. According to the author, one possible reason for the growth of science during the days ofthe ancient Greeks and in modern times is_________________.A. the similarity between the two periodsB. that it was an act of GodC. that both tried to develop the inductive methodD. due to the decline of the deductive method18. The difference between “fact” and “theory”A. is that the latter needs confirmation.B. rests on the simplicity of the former.C. is the difference between the modern scientists and the ancient Greeks.D. helps us to understand the deductive method.19. According to the author, mathematics is __________________.A. an inductive scienceB. in need of simple verificationC. a deductive scienceD. based on fact and theory20. The statement “Theories are facts” may be called_______________.A. a metaphorB. a paradoxC. an appraisal of the inductive and deductive methodsD. a punPart II Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your answer sheet.Why is cross-cultural knowledge and understanding so important? The American statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin wrote that time is money. Globe-trotting businesspeople would add that being aware of cultural differences and sensitivities is money, too. Failing to grasp the subtleties that lie beyond such public cultural displays like greeting rituals and seating arrangements can make the difference between a truly successful international business transaction and one that fails to connect. Culture affects the most basic forms of personal and business interaction from decision making to management style. National culture, in turn, determines corporate culture, affecting a firm’s internal structure, its marketing behavior and its view of foreign business partners and contracts. The business world is littered with “international” projects that failed to overcome cultural barriers. If you have doubts that cultural insensitivity can translate into business problems on a megascale. Part III Translation from Chinese into English (20 points)Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your answer sheet.掌握英语不仅可以改进你的思维方式,它还给你信心,令你自信,带给你鲜明的个性,使你更受欢迎。
2006~2012重庆大学研究生期末考试历年试题和答案总结
2006~2012重庆大学研究生期末考试历年试题和答案总结2006级硕士研究生(B类)英语期末考试试题(适用于30-53班)时间: 150分钟2007.7.7Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then selectthe best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneMost conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements(引诱)which contribute in some way to at leastone of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by anorganization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization, but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度)whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as associations with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.1. According to Maslow, a work organization is able to motivate people to work by_______.A. satisfying their physiological needsB. satisfying their self-realization needsC. satisfying hierarchy of their higher-order needD. first satisfying their lower-order needs2. Lower-order needs concern a person's _______.A. essential physical needs C. self-realizationB. self-respect D. working relationships with others 3. Which of the following is NOT a higher need that attracts people to work? A.Association with others. C. Interest value of the work. B. Possibility of earning a good salary . D. Cultivation of self-respect.14. Which of the following statements may be supported by Morse and Weiss? A. Physiological needs are the most basic.B. There is a hierarchy of needs that must be met.C. Economic factors are the greatest inducement.D. Personal esteem and the gaining of power is the most important factor. 5. Simon points out that ________.A. the needs of individuals range from hunger to self-realizationB. effective inducements must be based on what individuals wantC. economic factors are not the only inducement for workingD. inducements must not be too variedPassage TwoAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistentevidence that there is any category of ―natural leaders‖. It seemsthat there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of thatparticular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to ―get things done‖. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well beings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻碍) attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.6. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The problems faced by leaders.B. How leadership differs in small and large groups.2C. How social groups determine who will lead them.D. The role of leaders in social groups.7. The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can becomeleaders EXCEPT __________ .A. recruitmentB. formal election processC. specific leadership trainingD. traditional cultural patterns8. Which of the following statements about leadership can beinferred from paragraph2?A. person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effectiveleader in another group.B. Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.C. A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research onleadership.D. Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of theirqualifications.. In mentioning ―natural leaders‖ in line 7, the author is making the point that _____ . 9A. few people qualify as ―natural leaders‖B. there is no proof that ―natural leaders‖ existC. ―natural leaders‖ are easily accepted by the members of a groupD. ―natural leaders‖ share a similar s et of characteristics10. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on __________ .A. ensuring harmonious relationshipsB. sharing responsibility with group membersC. identifying new leadersD. achieving a goalPassage ThreeMany objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearances, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers ? using nonscientific modes of thought.Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologistthinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been nonverbal thinking, byand large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them.The creative shaping process of a technologist‘s mind can be seenin nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbalthinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston?3Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, which is indispensable for an artist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to need ―hard thinking,‖nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and is inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Recordwished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial errors in mechanical design, they are a reflection of chaos caused by the neglect of non-verbal thinking.11. The main purpose of the author in writing this text is ________.A. to demonstrate the role of nonverbal thinking in the developmentoftechnologyB. to stress the importance of nonscientific thinking in engineering designC. to identify the two kinds of thinking that are used by technologistsD. to urge engineering institutes to attach importance to the education ofnon-verbal thinking12. Which of the following statements is in agreement with theauthor‘s opinion?A. When one designs an object he usually first has in mind what it should be like.B. Compared with verbal or mathematical thought, nonverbal thoughtis regardedas a primitive stage of cognitive process.C. Nonverbal thinking is in reality superior to verbal or mathematical thought.D. Nonverbal thinking is becoming an even more important componentin designcourses with the development of technology.13. The author describes the predicament faced by the History American EngineeringRecord as ―paradoxical‖ (Para. 3) most probably because ________.A. architectural schools offered better training for their studentsin engineeringdesignB. college students should be better qualified to make the drawingsin engineeringdesignC. the drawings needed were so complicated that only the students in4architectural schools had the capability of making them.D. engineering students were not trained to make the type of drawings needed torecord the development of their own discipline.14. The author uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad carsprimarily to indicate that ________.A. a lack of attention to the nonscientific aspects in design results in poorconceptualization by engineersB. neglect of trivial problems in mechanical design often causes costly errors inengineering systemsC. designers of automatic control systems need to have a better understanding ofanalytical problemsD. design of modern engineering systems depends more on nonscientific thinkingthan on mechanical knowledge15. Which of the following can best describe the function of non-verbal thinking inthe development of technology?A. Vital C. FundamentalB. Indispensable D. PreliminaryPassage FourTraditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries andfocal points ? periods, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders.It also has had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documentsone‘s findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjects come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions ―What happened?‖ and ―How did it happen?‖ have given way to the question ―Why did it happen?‖ Prominent among the methods used to answer the question ―Why‖ is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical contexts. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this pragmatic use of psychology is not what psycho- historians intend. They are committed, not just to psychology in general, but to Freudian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment tohistory as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derivesits ―facts‖ not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who madehistory, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance intheir lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence: that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic principle of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances5that would refute their theses. Psychohistorians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the ―deepest‖ explanation of any event, that other explanationsfall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history ( in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); it also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity. Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in all circumstances.16. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?A. History is composed of unique and non-repeating events that must beindividually analyzed on the basis of publicly verifiable evidence.B. Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings ofpsychologists.C. The traditional historians pay more attention to historical events whilepsychohistorians pay more attention to the emotional causes.D. The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently in fashioneven though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historicalmethod.17. According to the text, traditional history can be distinguished basically frompsychohistory in that traditional historians ________.A. usually view past events as complex and having their own individualityB. narrate instead of analyzing and explaining historical eventsC. interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature istranscendedD. never use psychological explanations in historical contexts to account forevents18. It can be inferred from the text that the methods used by psychohistoriansprobably prevent them from ________.A. uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question theirown conclusionsB. producing a one-sided picture of an individual‘s personality and motivationsC. presenting their material in chronological orderD. offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historicalevents19. The text supplies information for answering which of the following questions?A. What are some specific examples of the use of psychohistory in historicalinterpretation?B. When were the conventions governing the practice of traditional history firstestablished?C. What sort of historical figure is best suited for psychohistorical analysis?6D. What is the basic criterion of historical evidence required by traditionalhistorians?20. Which of the following does the author mention as a characteristic of the practiceof psychohistorians?A. The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrativeform.B. Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible toother scholars.C. Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.D. Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequentialthan are those in the childhood of the figure.Part II Translation from English to Chinese 20%Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.In that tradition, when dad needs something, he goes and gets it. So when it‘stime to buy him a gift, all that‘s left is stuff he didn‘t really want. The questionbecomes, what do you get for the guy who has everything? Choosing the right gift can be a minefield. It‘s not the gift that matters.It‘s not really the thought that counts,either. You have to find a gift that says, ―Hey, dad, I really understand who you areand this is a symbol of our relationship.‖Moreover, some dads have trouble switching roles from giver to receiver. ―I tellmy kids, ‗you don‘t have to get me anything,‘‖ says Rick Flynn. His philosophy is,―Let me take care of you.‖ ―But at the same time,‖ he admits,―I‘m thinking, ‗Gee, Ihope I get that drill.‖Part III. Translation from Chinese to English 20%Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.加强企业间的合作是当今世界企业发展的重要方向。
重庆大学研究生2013基础英语试卷及答案
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷2012 ~2013 学年 第 一 学期(春、秋)开课学院: 课程编号: 考试日期:考试方式:考试时间: 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次:_______________ Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-15 30points; 16-25 10points)1. ( )2. ( )3. ( )4. ( )5. ( )6. ( )7. ( )8. ( )9. ( ) 10. ( ) 11. ( ) 12. ( ) 13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( ) 19. ( ) 20. ( )21.( ) 22.( ) 23.( ) 24.( ) 25.( )Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points)Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(请写在背面,Please write your composition on the reverse side.)命题(组题)人:黄萍李雁审题人: 黄萍命题时间:2012.12研究生院制学院 专业(领域) 类别 ( 学术 、专业 ) 学号 姓名封线密重庆大学硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷2012~2013 学年第一学期硕士生B类Part I: Reading Comprehension 40%Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OnePsychologists agree that I.Q. contributes only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors,including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence,and how they can be developed:1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning in to what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls ―gut feelings‖。
2016年重庆成人学士学位英语考试-题答案、精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版2016年重庆学位英语考试题答案扣扣 [37516206] bao过模拟练习题1. Joyce: Could you pass me the sugar?Larry: Sure. __________A. It’s all right.B. No problem.C. Here you are.D. Thank you.2. Peter: I haven’t seen you for ages. __________Tom: Just fine. Oh, I got married last year.A. What have you done?B. Are you all right?C. How are you doing?D. Have you got married?3. Operator: Good morning. Future Software. How may I direct your call?Customer: After Sales Service Department, please.Operator: __________. I’ll put you through.A. Just a moment pleaseB. I seeC. Thank youD. No problem4. Student: __________, I’d like to return these books.Assistant: OK. Oh, these books are a month overdue. Sorry, you have to pay a fine.I know. But how much should I pay?Assistant:Just a minute. Let me check.A. HiB. How are youC. Excuse meD. Hello5. Waiter: Prince Wales Restaurant. Good morning! Can I help you?Customer: Yes, I would like to book a table for two for tomorrow evening.Waiter: Sure, sir. __________?Customer: Around 6:30.A. What time would you like to have your tableB. When are you comingC. What time do you want itD. When would you like to come6. Lee: Thank you for your delicious food last night. When I went home, I couldn’t forget the appetizing dishes.Mrs. Lewis: __________, and you are welcome, at any time.A. It’s very kind of youB. I’m glad you like the dishesC. Not at allD. Thank you so much7. John: Hello, I’m John. I read in the poster that you’re looking for a student to work as a language assistant.Clerk: __________ Are you interested in the job?John: I think so. But before I apply, could you tell me more about the work?A. How are you?B. Yes, we are.C. Hello.D. That’s right.8. Lily: I’m really mad at Mom and Dad.Ann: Why? What have they done?Lily: I asked them for a leather jacket for my birthday and they just got me this stupid raincoat. Ann: Oh, __________! It’s a beautiful coat.A. don’t worryB. it doesn’t matterC. don’t complainD. come on9. Jean: Why couldn’t you come to the party last night?Betty: Well, I couldn’t get away from work early.Jean: __________.A. I feel sorryB. What a shameC. It doesn’t matterD. Do come next time10. Frank: Are you doing anything on Saturday evening?Bob: Nothing special, __________?Frank: We’d like to have you and your wife over for dinner this Saturday evening. Would you be able to come?A. whatB. whyC. what’s the matterD. what do you mean11. George: You’re not looking very cheerful. __________?Joe: Oh, nothing in particular. I’m just a bit fed up.George: With your job?Joe: Yes, that’s right.A. Are you OKB. Are you feeling wellC. How are youD. What’s the matter with you12. Jimmy: Hey, I heard that you have won the champion in the game. Congratulations!Paul: __________. It wasn’t easy, you know.A: ThanksB. Never mention itC. Please don’tD. Yes, I am always the best.13. Bill: I got the job you recommended me for last week.Jack: That’s great! __________Bill: I really don’t know how I can thank you enough.A. Congratulations.B. Good news.C. I feel so happy.D. Good luck.14. Tom: Mr. White. I’m calling to say goodbye. I’ll be leaving tomorrow. But before I leave, I want to thank you for what you’ve done for me during my visit here.Mr. White: __________, Tom. We are glad to have you. Now I’m sure you’re excited to be back home soon.Tom: Oh, yes.A. Don’t say thatB. It’s very kind of you to say thatC. Come onD. That’s all right15. Roy: __________?Earl: Not really, I think I have broken my knees.Roy: Oh, my God, we’d better send for the doctor.A. Are you OKB. How do you doC. Is it youD. What can I doPart II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Passage OneThe journey two divers made some time ago to the very deepest point on the earth makes us realize how much of the world still remains to be studied. The two men went down seven miles to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean inside a small steel ball to find out if there are any ocean currents or signs of life.It was necessary to set out early, so that the ball would come to the surface in daylight, and so be easily found by the mother ship which would be waiting for it. The divers began preparations early in the morning and soon afterwards, when all was ready, the steel ball disappeared under the surface of the water.The divers felt as if they were going down steps as they passed through warm and cold layers of water. In time, the temperature dropped to freezing point. They kept in touch with the mother ship by telephone telling how they felt. Then, at a depth of 3, 000 feet, the telephone stopped workingand they were quite cut off from the outside world. All went well until some four hours later at 30, 000 feet, the men were frightened by a loud, cracking noise: even the smallest hole in the ball would have meant instant death. Luckily, though, it was only one of the outer windows that had broken. Soon afterwards, the ball touched the soft ocean floor raising a big cloud of “dust”made up of small dead sea-creatures. Here, powerful lights lit up the dark water and the men were surprised to see fish swimming just above them quite untroubled by the great water-pressure. But they did not dare to leave the lights on for long, as the heat from them made the water boil. Quite unexpectedly, the telephone began working again and the faint but clear voices of the divers were heard on the mother ship seven miles away. After a stay of thirty minutes the men began their journey up arriving three hours later, cold and wet through, but none the worse for their experience.16. The purpose of the divers’journey to the deepest point on the earth was to find __________.A. if there are water currents and life in the great depthsB. if people can stand the severe cold in the great depthsC. if there are steps in the great depthsD. if the telephone works well in the great depths17. The divers set out early in the morning so that __________.A. they could return to the surface during the dayB. they could see at the bottom of the oceanC. they could avoid the cold at nightD. they could stay long at the bottom18. Which of the statements is true?A. The ocean water temperature decreases steadily with the depth.B. There are steps on the way to the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.C. There are steps between the water layers of different temperatures.D. The water layers of different temperatures made the divers feel as if they were going down steps.19. As the divers went down to the ocean floor, the telephone __________.A. kept working all the timeB. stopped working at a depth of 3, 000 feet and began working again after they reached the bottomC. stopped working at a depth of 3, 000 feet and began working again at 30, 000 feetD. stopped working at a depth of 3, 000 feet and began working again when they returned t the same depth20. On the ocean floor, the divers found that __________.A. there was no life but some small dead sea-creaturesB. fish were swimming as freely as they do near the surfaceC. fish were not swimming freely in the dark waterD. fish were not swimming freely under the high water-pressurePassage TwoThere are two kinds of memory: short-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. In contrast, information in short-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. The following experiment shows how short-term memory has beenstudied.Henning studied how students who are leaning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 college students. They represented all levels of ability in English: beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound a like. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, and advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.21. Henning made the experiment in order to study __________.A. how students remember English vocabulary by short-term memoryB. how students learn English vocabularyC. how to develop students’ability in EnglishD. how long information in short-term memory is kept22. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Information in short-term memory is different from that in long-term memory.B. Long-term memory can be achieved only by training.C. It is easier to test short-term memory than long-term memory.D. Henning gave a separate test on vocabulary to his subjects.23. From Henning’s results we can see that _________.A. beginners have difficulty distinguishing the pronunciation of wordsB. advanced students remember words by their meaningC. it is difficult to remember words that sound alikeD. it is difficult to remember words that have the same meaning24. The word “subject”in the passage means __________.A. the college course the students takeB. the theme of the listening materialC. a branch of knowledge studiedD. the student experimented on25. The passage centres on __________.A. memoryB. two kinds of memoryC. short-term memoryD. an experiment on studentsPassage ThreeEaster is probably the most important Christian holiday on the calendar because it commemorates Christ’s resurrection from the dead. Like many other religious holidays, though, Easter hasincorporated many traditions from pagan beliefs and pre-Christian rites of seasonal regeneration. The word Easter has Indo-European roots and means “dawn”. This is a direct reference to the pagan goddess of dawn and new life. The egg, a symbol of Easter, is a sign of fertility which reflects ancient spring renewal rites and beliefs that have been absorbed into the Christian tradition. Even the Easter bunny who brings the eggs was the escort of the Germanic goddess Ostara, who had a holiday named after her that fell on the vernal equinox. This serves to underscore the pagan elements that still remain a part of this quintessential Christian holy day.In the United States, Easter is celebrated in several ways. On Easter morning children usually begin their day by looking for Easter eggs that the Easter bunny has hidden for them. Of course, most children know that the eggs were hidden by their parents, not the Easter bunny. In fact, many children help their parents color the Easter eggs, knowing that soon they will be eating them as a snack on Easter day. Some cities have Easter egg hunts at the local parks.Since Easter is always celebrated on Sunday, many people attend “Sunrise services”at their local church. In fact, more people go to church on Easter Sunday than at any other time of the year. Sunrise services begin very early in the morning, usually right about the same time as when the sun begins to rise, and last until almost noon. After church families gather and have a big holiday feast.Easter also marks the coming of spring. People are usually happy that winter is over, so parks are usually full of people who want to get outside and enjoy the fresh air.26. Which of the following best defines Easter?A. It is partially religious.B. It is a Christian holiday.C. It is purely a religious tradition.D. It is the most important Christian holiday.27. The Easter egg represents __________.A. springB. new lifeC. productivityD. Easter28. What is the main point of the third paragraph?A. Children like eating eggs on Easter.B. Children help their parents on Easter.C. People participate in many activities on Easter.D. A lot of people go to church on Easter.29. The celebration of Easter does not include __________.A. eating Easter eggsB. hunting Easter eggsC. buying gifts for childrenD. having religious ceremonies30. Why do people go to parks on Easter?A. Because spring is coming.B. Because it is part of the celebration.C. Because the air is fresh on that day.D. Because they feel free on that day.Passage FourOne of Britain’s few distinctive contributions to the world culture may be doomed, according to a survey that suggests holiday postcards are being emailed and texted extinction. More than half of the 1000 holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic rivals. A quarter of the respondents dismissed postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further 14% admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home. Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the country excelled. “If the British postcard did become extinct we would lose for ever something of great importance to the nation,”said Chris Mottershead of Thomson Holiday, which commissioned the poll Marie Angelou of Sussex University, who has investigated the importance of sending and receiving postcards, backed him. “Postcards are nothing like phone calls, instant texting and direct photo shots via mobile,”she said. “All these are useful, practical devices, but postcards offer something else, something additional that is not mundane and simply functional, but imaginative and personal. They can evoke the real atmosphere of our holiday in a way that nothing else can do. They’re also for more than a moment –with some people adding them to collections built up over years and years.”Postcard-collecting, or deltiology, is third only to coins and stamps in Britain’s allied tradition of collecting things. The country’s uniquely postcard-related achievements include the invention in 1902 of the “divided back”. With the address taking up half of the writing area, brief postcard scribes became the precursor to today’s cryptic text messages.31. Based on the survey, the conclusion is that __________.A. holiday postcards were not popular among those interviewedB. half of the British are thinking of quitting postcardsC. holiday postcards may have a gloomy futureD. a quarter of the interviewed threw away their postcards32. Which of the following is not a reason why people refuse to send cards?A. Sending cards is not fashionable.B. Sending cards is slow.C. It is difficult to think of something to write on the cards.D. It’s difficult to find a suitable card to send.33. According to the text, the significance of postcard is that it is one of those that _________.A. were invented by foreignersB. postcard has a long historyC. were Britain’s own creationD. Britain used to be proud of34. According to Marie Angelou, _________.A. postcards are totally different from phone calls, instant texting, etc.B. postcards don’t function as well as phone calls, instant texting, etc.C. postcards function better than phone calls, instant texting and the likeD. there is more to postcards than its practical functions35. What is not a reason why some people support cards?A. They can evoke the atmosphere of holiday.B. They are convenient.C. They can be collected.D. They are imaginative and personal.Part III V ocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.36. Bread forms the __________ of their daily diet.A. basisB. basicC. baseD. basement37. Where can I __________ my dollars for pounds?A. changeB. exchangeC. sellD. buy38. Arriving late won’t __________ a very favorable impression .A. createB. getC. doD. give39. For Geoff, the job was simply a __________ to an end.A. meansB. meaningC. meanD. meaningfulness40. I __________ your concern , but honestly, I’m fine.A. appreciateB. thankC. likeD. enjoy41. There were so many people talking that I couldn’t __________ on the music.A. playB. talkC. goD. concentrate42. "You really weren’t very nice to her." "Well, she __________ it!"A. knewB. deservedC. gotD. caused43. He was forbidden __________ the house, as a punishment.A. leavingB. to leaveC. of leavingD. on leaving44. The management forbids employees __________ tips from customers.A. acceptB. acceptingC. to acceptD. from accepting45. His poor eyesight __________ him from becoming a pilot.A. forbidB. prohibitedC. preventedD. avoided46. I suggest we __________ a break and finish this later.A. tookB. takeC. takingD. to take47. He’s the sort of person who __________ you at parties.A. bearsB. boresC. boredD. bore48. I’m glad you told me about the show being cancelled, __________ I’d have traveled all the way to Glasgow for nothing.A. otherwiseB. becauseC. thereforeD. however49. The __________ American has not even thought about next year’s election.A. normalB. usualC. averageD. common50. A tiny baby soon learns to __________ its mother’s face from other adults’faces.A. selectB. makeC. differD. distinguish51. Cats should always have __________ to fresh, clean water.A. toB. withC. forD. in52. Have you brought the old man his stick, which he can never do __________ when walking?A. forB. withC. withoutD. away53. My mother manages the entire __________, including taking care of my grandfather.A. familyB. homeC. houseD. household54. Another subway has been __________ operation since last December.A. underB. inC. onD. with55. The lady was __________ of the quality of the service.A. entrustedB. assuredC. confirmedD. guaranteed56. As far as __________, October is the best time for your holiday.A. I seeB. I thinkC. I’m concernedD. it goes57. The __________ of X-rays in 1895 was an important development in the history of medicine.A. discoveryB. inventionC. arrivalD. origin58. Would you please __________ the text until you have finished the exercise?A. not to refer toB. don’t refer toC. not refer toD. doesn’t refer to59. I wish I could go with you on the trip, but I __________ no time.A. haveB. hadC. have hadD. had had60. I __________ you how to do it; why didn’t you ask me?A. could showB. would showC. could have shownD. showed61. Let me tell you what to do next __________ I forget.A. unlessB. thatC. beforeD. if62. __________ is not known if he will come.A. ThatB. ThisC. WhatD. It63. If I had studied hard in the university, I __________ things easy now.A. takeB. would have takenC. will takeD. would be taking64. __________, a policeman came to the scene.A. Shortly afterwardsB. Not longC. SoonerD. Lately65. How much would you __________ me for repairing my bike?A. payB. takeC. costD. charge66. The theme park is __________.A. worth to visitB. a worthy visitC. worth being visitedD. worth visiting67. Few people realized then __________ until two years later.A. how this mistake was seriousB. how serious was his mistakeC. what serious mistake it wasD. how serious his mistake was68. Little __________ to meet you here.A. did I expectB. I expectedC. I did expectD. had I expected69. My family __________ all teachers.A. areB. isC. hasD. have70. He prefers to live with his mother rather than __________ her alone.A. to leaveB. leavingC. leaveD. leaves71. The library is just opposite the bookstore. You __________ miss it.A. mustn’tB. may notC. can’tD. may not72. __________ need, please bring the dictionary with you.A. Because ofB. In spite ofC. In case ofD. But for73. His first attempt failed, __________.A. his second attempt did eitherB. so did his second attemptC. neither did his second attemptD. so his second attempt did74. Getting off the bus, __________.A. his purse was lostB. he found his purse lostC. he found his purse losingD. his purse was missing75. Stop writing. It’s time that you __________ your papers.A. must hand inB. have to hand inC. could hand inD. handed inPart IV Cloze Test (10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Movie makers feared for a while that they might be put 76 by TV. Recently, ___77 , more and more people have been going to the movies. This may be partly because the economic situation in America has become 78 . In the movies, you forget your 79 as you get 80 in the story on the screen. Also, directors have been producing pictures that 81 numbers of people want to see. Americans 82 the millions are returning to a love affair with the movies. Motion picture makers see two main 83 for this: an increased need of Americans to escape from economic worries and a large number of movies attracting a broad 84 .Movie makers admit that their 85 popularity is partly the result of poor economic conditions,which traditionally bring an increase in film-goers. “When people are fearful of the future, they look for escape,”commented Jack V alenti, president of the Motion Picture Association of America.76. A. out of business B. out of duty C. off duty D. on business77. A. still B. therefore C. besides D. however78. A. better B. favorable C. worse D. satisfactory79. A. troubles B. conditions C. situation D. work80. A. involved B. closed C. involving D. inside81. A. few B. small C. only D. large82. A. from B. within C. of D. by83. A. evidence B. reasons C. factors D. elements84. A. listener B. watchmen C. viewer D. audience85. A. declining B. falling C. rising D. raising英语试卷二Part V Writing (15 points)Directions: You are to write in 100-120 words on the topic “Family Education”. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1. 父母是孩子最好的老师;2. 父母的言行影响孩子;3. 谈谈你的看法。
重庆大学硕士研究生英语历年期末考试试卷
1. The main idea of this passage is A. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education. B. examinations are ineffective. C. examinations are profitable for institutions. D. examinations are a burden on students.
重庆大学研究生试卷(2011 版)
第1页共8页
命 题 ( 组 题 ) 人 :
李 雁
审 题 人 :
黄 萍
Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
命 题 时 间 :
研 究 生 院 制
Part IV. Writing ( 20 points) (请写在背面,Please write your composition on the reverse side.)
5. Why does the author mention court? A. Give an example. B. For comparison. C. It shows the result of court is more effective. D. It shows that teachers’ evolutions depend on the results of
Байду номын сангаас
2013.12
校训:耐劳苦、尚简朴、勤学业、爱国家
重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷
2013~2014 学年 第 一 学期
硕士生 B 类
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生英语考试试卷
重庆大学全日制专业硕士研究生《英语》课程试卷(B 类)2014~2015 学年 第 一 学期(秋)开课学院:外国语学院 课程编号:G0401A 考试日期: 2015.01.10考试方式:开卷闭卷其他 考试时间: 120 分钟硕士生B 类答题纸 英语班次:_______________ Answer SheetPart I. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points, 1-10 20points; 11-20 20points) 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) 4. ( ) 5. ( ) 6. ( ) 7. ( ) 8. ( ) 9. ( ) 10. ( )11. ( ) 12. ( )13. ( ) 14. ( ) 15. ( )16. ( ) 17. ( ) 18. ( )19. ( ) 20. ( )Part II. Translation from English to Chinese ( 20 points) Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points ) Part IV . Writing ( 20 points)(Please write your composition on the reverse side. 请写在背面)重庆大学硕士研究生《英语 》课程试卷 2014~2015 学年 第 一 学期 硕士生B 类Part I. Reading Comprehension (40 points )Directions : Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Passage OneAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isn ’t the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europe ’s new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the irresistible momentum of individualism over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on Europeans ’ private lives. Europe ’s new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europe ’s shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, today ’s tech-savvy workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so. Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage —twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative —dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone. The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesn ’t leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasn ’t got time to get lonely because has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult ”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming ”, thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships don ’t last long —if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says she ’d never have wanted to do what her mother did —give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “I ’ve always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life ”.1. More and more young Europeans remain single becauseA. they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualism.B. they have entered the workforce at a much earlier age.C. they have embraced a business culture of stability.D. they are pessimistic about their economic future. 2. What is said about European society in the passage? A. It has fostered the trend towards small families. B. It is getting closer to American-style capitalism. C. It has limited consumer choice despite a free market. D. It is being threatened by irresistible privatization. 3. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are A. warm and lighthearted.命题(组题)人:李雁审题人封线密B. on either side of marriage.C. negative and gloomy.D. healthy and wealthy.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show thatA. some modern women prefer a life of individual freedom.B. the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day Europe.C. some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonely.D. Most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable.5.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A. To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B. To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C. To examine the trend of young people living alone.D. To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.Passage TwoAmerican dramas and sitcoms would have been candidates for prime time several years ago. But those programs -though some remain popular -increasingly occupy fringe times slots on foreign networks. Instead, a growing number of shows produced by local broadcasters are on the air at the best times.The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was.“There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institut e for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events.Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world -including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV -is a relatively recent development.A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of th e last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels.Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce.The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies.“The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined.American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows -the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s -studio executives are rethinking production costs.6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows?A. Self-contradictoryB. Prejudice-freeC. Culture-loadedD. Audience-targeted7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ .A. the patenting of domination shows and moviesB. the emergence of new commercial networksC. the promotion of cable and satellite pay-televisionD. the intense competition coming from the outside8. The phrase “on a shoestring” (Para. 6) most probably means __________.A. in need of capitalB. after a fashionC. on second thoughtsD. in the interests of themselves9. The main reason why American dramas and sitcoms are driven out of prime time is that ____.A. they lose competitivenessB. they are not market-orientedC. they are too much pricedD. they fall short of audience expectations10. American studio producers will give thought to production costs __________.A. if they have no access to popular showsB. because their endeavors come to no availC. since bidding wars are no longer fierceD. as international sales pace slows downPassage ThreeHow shops can exploit people's herd mentality to increase sales1. A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (that is,how ants,bees or any social animal,including humans,behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy.2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome,Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani,a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology,described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. Supermarkets already encourage shoppers to buy things they did not realise they wanted: for instance,by placing everyday items such as milk and eggs at the back of the store,forcing shoppers to walk past other tempting goods to reach them. Mr Usmani and RonaldoMenezes,also of the Florida Institute of Technology, set out to enhance this tendency to buy more by playing on the herd instinct. The idea is that, if a certain product is seen to be popular, shoppers are likely to choose it too. The challenge is to keep customers informed about what others are buying.3. Enter smart-cart technology. In Mr Usmani's supermarket every product has a radio frequency identification tag, a sort of barcode that uses radio waves to transmit information,and every trolley has a scanner that reads this information and relays it to a central computer. As a customer walks past a shelf of goods, a screen on the shelf tells him how many people currently in the shop have chosen that particular product. If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.4. Mr Usmani's “swarm-moves” model appeals to supermarkets because it increases sale s without the need to give people discounts. And it gives shoppers the satisfaction of knowing that they bought the “right” product—that is,the one everyone else bought. The model has not yet been tested widely in the real world,mainly because radio frequency identification technology is new and has only been installed experimentally in some supermarkets. But Mr Usmani says that both Wal-Mart in America and Tesco in Britain are interested in his work, and testing will get under way in the spring.5. Another recent study on the power of social influence indicates that sales could,indeed,be boosted in this way. Matthew Salganik of Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have described creating an artificial music market in which some 14,000 people downloaded previously unknown songs. The researchers found that when people could see the songs ranked by how many times they had been downloaded, they followed the crowd. When the songs were not ordered by rank, but the number of times they had been downloaded was displayed, the effect of social influence was still there but was less pronounced. People thus follow the herd when it is easy for them to do so.6. In Japan a chain of convenience shops called RanKing RanQueen has been ordering its products according to sales data from department stores and research companies. The shops sell only the most popular items in each product category,and the rankings are updated weekly. Icosystem,a company in Cambridge,Massachusetts, also aims to exploit knowledge of social networking to improve sales.7. And the psychology that works in physical stores is just as potent on the internet .Online retailers such as Amazon are adept at telling shoppers which products are popular with like-minded consumers. Even in the privacy of your home, you can still be part of the swarm.Questions 11-15Complete the sentences below with words taken from the reading passage. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.11. Shopowners realize that the smell of _______________ can increase sales of food products.12. In shops, products shelved at a more _______________ sell better even if they are more expensive.13. According to Mr. Usmani, with the use of “swarm intelligence” phenomenon, a new method can be applied to encourage _______________.14. If the number of buyers shown on the _______________ is high, other customers tend to follow them.15. Using the “swarm-moves” model, shopowners do not have to give customers _______________ to increase sales.Questions 16-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? For questions 16-20 writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage16. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in bigsupermarkets like Wal-Mart and Tesco.17. People tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with.18. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.19. Items sold in some Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data ofother shops.20. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.Part II. Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Directions:Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.Chinese housing prices have been hot social topics in recent years. House prices in medium-and-large cities keep high, with the trend of further going up. Some young people simply cannot afford purchasing any house, while others become mortgage slaves. Mortgage slaves (or house slaves) are a new buzzword that emerged in the society in recent years. Just as the name suggests, house slaves refer to people who are enslaved to mortgage for their houses. These people borrow loans from banks to buy a house and then repay the loans with their lifetime efforts. According to survey by a real estate website, about 32 % of Chinese people paid over 50% of their income as monthly mortgage payment, so they indeed became slaves of the house. While they seem to enjoy some psychological comfort that they have their own houses, they have to bear tremendous stress, with quality of life dropped down significantly.Part III. Translation from Chinese into English (20 points)Directions: Put the following Chinese into English. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.终身学习是指从学前到退休后获得及更新各种能力,兴趣,知识和资质的过程。
2016年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2016年在职申硕(同等学力)英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有:1. The study found a majority of those injured were female and most were 40 or younger. Talking on the phone was the most prevalent activity at the time of injury, while texting accounted for 12%. Nearly 80% of the injuries occurred as the result of a fall, while 9% occurred from the pedestrian striking a motionless object.36.This passage is mainly concerned with________.A.the difficulty in enforcing road regulationsB.rising deaths caused by distracted walkingC.the dangers of jaywalking on busy streetsD.distracted walking involving smartphones正确答案:B解析:归纳题。
题目问的是本文主要是关于________。
A项“加强道路法规的困难”,文中没有提到;B项“由于走路时分神造成日益增加的死亡人数”,与第一段“他们还注意到行人死亡的数量近年来日益增长。
”相符;C项“在繁忙的大街上乱穿马路的危险”,文中虽有提及,但是是拿来和走路分神做类比的,不是本文重点;D项“与智能手机相关的走路分神现象”,本文有提到智能手机在分神中的角色,但只是走路分神的一个原因,不是本文重点。
综上所述,故选B。
37.The states introducing bills that target pedestrians________.A.have benefited from the billsB.find it hard to carry them outC.have been promoting the legislationD.will have fewer deaths of pedestrians正确答案:C解析:归纳题。
重庆大学硕士研究生英语历年期末考试试卷
1. The main idea of this passage is A. examinations exert a pernicious influence on education. B. examinations are ineffective. C. examinations are profitable for institutions. D. examinations are a burden on students.
重庆大学研究生试卷(2011 版)
第1页共8页
命 题 ( 组 题 ) 人 :
李 雁
审 题 人 :
黄 萍
Part III. Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
命 题 时 间 :
研 究 生 院 制
Part IV. Writing ( 20 points) (请写在背面,Please write your composition on the reverse side.)
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none. That is because so much depends on them. They are the mark of success of failure in our society. Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day. It doesn’t matter that you weren’t feeling very well, or that your mother died. Little things like that don’t count: the exam goes on. No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do. The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured. Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs’: young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career?
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A. their changed life-style B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise D. the encouragement they have received from their companies
2. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude "being fat"_______. A. will always remain a taboo B. is not considered a taboo by most people C. has long been a taboo D. may no longer be a taboo some day
But we need to go further. We must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. Should we continue to treat employment as the norm? Should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
3. The topic of fat is _______ many other taboo subjects. A. the same as B. different from C. more popular than D. less often talked about than
4. In the U. S., thin is "in", fat is "out", this means _______. A. thin is "inside", fat is "outside" B. thin is "diligent", fat is "lazy" C. thin is "youthful", fat is "spiritless" D. thin is "fashionable", fat is "unfashionable"
Passage One
At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don't act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.
Passage Two
Opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to stay. This means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
考试时间: 120 分钟
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笔试 口试 书面 课堂 上课
题
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一二三四
计分 成绩 作业 表现 考勤
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50% 20% 10% 10% 10%
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硕士生 B 类答题纸
英语班次:_______________
Part III Translation from Chinese to English ( 20 points )
Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.
One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is a topic that Americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat; it's taboo to be fat. The "in" look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like the U. S. , thin is "in", fat is "out".
The Final Written Examination for Postgraduates (Level B)
Part I Reading Comprehension(40 points)
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
It's not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America's obsession with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising every day.