2017年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题(回忆版,仅含考点)【圣才出品】

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(NEW)吉林大学护理学院308护理综合历年考研真题汇编

心室早搏心电图特点二度1型传导阻滞心电图特点主动脉狭窄的体征及临床特征（心音）心梗溶栓适应症禁忌症心梗广泛前壁心电图定位病毒性心肌炎休息幽门梗阻呕吐导致的水电解质紊乱类型膀胱破裂少尿无尿钾与碱失衡慢性肾炎用药治疗不包括肾衰最早表现小细胞低色素贫血肌注角度甲亢危象哥斯拉评定，多次TIA可能导致肝性脑病护理上消化道出血饮食护理和急救处理
目录
2017年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版，仅含考点）
2013年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版，非常不完整）
2011年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版）
2005年吉林大学护理综合考研真题
2017年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版，仅含考点）题型：单选，多选，论述。内科论述：躯体障碍的护理，心衰，肝硬化。外科论述：结肠癌，胆囊结石腹腔镜手术。护理导论论述：临终5阶段，健康教育，马斯洛基本需要。一、单选涉及到的考点：首因效应大叶性肺炎蛛网膜下腔出血特征性表现肺癌小细胞癌血胸二型呼衰用氧心脏后负荷保证昏迷病人呼吸道通畅的根本措施甲亢并发症窒息的首要措施乳腺癌防止皮瓣下积血的措施慢阻肺语颤减弱空气栓塞体位疝最有效的治疗膀胱损伤
2013年吉林大学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版，非常不完整）简答题循证护理 ROY二级评估休克急救糖尿病临床表现胆囊照应饮食冷疗禁忌部位以及原因莱宁格的跨文化护理理论2011年吉林学308护理综合考研真题（回忆版）
2005年吉林大学护理综合考研真题
肢端血液循环不好的表现二、多选涉及到的考点：颅中窝骨折表现脓性指头炎护理结核性腹膜炎临床肝硬化临表艾瑞克森席尔压力适应理论半卧位适应人群十二指肠引流适应症及禁忌症体温热型缺铁贫血特征表现出血性疾病哪些因素甲亢危象诱因三、大题涉及到的考点：结肠癌辅助检查，结肠癌术前肠道准备食管癌术后饮食和胃肠道护理双J管护理椎动脉型颈椎病心衰中洋地黄中毒和急性心衰护理措施

吉林大学护理研究

护理研究1.下列哪种研究在研究计划管理方面应注意强调每一研究目标的明确，不允许随意改变目标的是（）。

A. 发展研究2.综述与科研论文的区别主要是（）。

B. 综述文章的资料来自文献3.观察新生儿对抚触的反应，属于（）。

B. 标准情形观察法4.我国科学技术奖励制度改革后首次设立的奖项是（）。

C. 国家最高科学技术奖5.在选择观察项目过程中，应注意指标的特性不包括（）。

A. 分离性6.科研成果的管理范围包括三个方面，以下（）项不是。

D. 科研成果鉴定7.某护士欲研究患者在2pm与4pm时的体温变化情况在2pm与4pm时的体温变化情况，随机抽取了100名患者对其2pm与4pm的体温进行了测量，若欲对两组数据的差异进行比较，应首先考虑的统计学分析方法是（）。

B. 配对t检验8.某教师欲探讨PBL教学法对提高学习成绩的效果，下列哪个因素为依变量？（）。

B. 学习成绩9.护理科研论文文题的字数一般不超过（）。

B. 20个汉字10.目前常用的折半方法为奇偶折半，而非前后折半，目的是避免（）。

C. 顺序效应11.我国目前查找国外医学文献唯一的中文题录式检索工具是（）。

B. 《国外科技资料目录》12.有关证据推荐意见C级正确的是（）。

C. 有一定的局限性13.通过观察指标获得数字资料的研究方法属于（）。

C. 量性研究14.下列哪项是对依（因）变量的描述（）。

C. 研究想要观察的结果因素15.科学研究中的不端行为不包括（）。

C. 实验数据判断偏16.下列哪项不是科学研究的特点（）。

D. 结果不能重复17.科研计划管理的核心是（）。

C. 科研项目或课题的管理18.下列哪项不符合参考文献(文献来源于期刊)的格式（）。

D. 文章所有作者均应列出19.造成的结果与真实值间的差异，具有（），他可以发生在高于真值的方向，也可发生与低于的方向。

A. 方向性20.IRB（伦理审查委员会）的职能为（）。

D. 对研究项目进行审查21.人种学研究方法最早由谁提出的（）。

2017年扬州大学308护理综合考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题

扬州大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题( A 卷) 科目代码 308 科目名称护理综合满分300注意：①认真阅读答题纸上的注意事项：②所有答案必须写在隆题纸|上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效：③本试题纸须随答题甄一起装入试题袋中交回！一、单项选择题（在每小题的五个备选答案中，选出一个正确答粟，并将其代码填在答题纸上，每小题1.5分，共90分）1．寻找不舒适原因及实施护理措施的有效渠道是A.护患合作B.促进睡眠C.减少焦虑D.解除疼痛E.指导放松方法2．插入鼻饲管至会咽部时，托起患者头部，使其下颌靠近胸骨柄的目的是A.使鼻道通畅B.避免咽后壁刺激C.加大咽喉部通道的弧度D.使喉肌放松便于胃管通过E.使食管第一狭窄消失3．应执行接触隔离的疾病是A.中毒性菌痢B.急性重型肝炎C.百日咳D.流行性乙型脑炎E.破伤风4．哮喘患者不宜A.超声雾化吸入B.蒸气吸入C.湿化吸氧D.给予祛痰药物E．多饮水5．某肺心病患者，血气分析：动脉血氧分压45mmHg，动脉血二氧化碳分压75mmHg，应使用哪一种氧疗法A.持续低流量、低浓度给氧B.持续高流量、高浓度给氧C.间歇低流量、低浓度给氧D.间歇高流量、高浓度给氧E．间歇高流量、乙醇湿化给氧6．口腔有绿脓杆菌感染时，最有效的漱口液是A.温开水B.0.9%生理盐水C.0.1%醋酸溶液D.1-3%过氧化氢溶液E.1-4%碳酸氢钠溶液7．患者李某，以呼吸困难、唇发绀、恐惧、烦躁不安而急诊入院，入院诊断为风湿性心脏病合并心力衰竭，为了缓解症状，应帮助患者采用的体位是A．仰卧位，头偏向一侧 B.抬高床头15～30cmC．抬高床头20°抬高下肢30° D．抬高床头30°～50°，膝下支架抬起15°～20°E．抬高床头60°—70°右侧卧位8．关于全背按摩以下选项不正确的是A.协助病人侧卧或俯卧，露出背部 B．两手蘸少许50%乙醇C.从颈部开始，沿脊柱两侧边缘向下按摩D.力量要足够刺激肌肉组织E.按摩肩部时作环状动作9．患者赵某，女性，54岁，慢性肠炎，遵医嘱行0.5%新霉素保留灌肠，下列操作不当的是A.操作前嘱患者先排便B.患者臀部抬高lOcmC.液面距肛门30cmD.肛管插入直肠7～9cmE.嘱患者保留药液l小时以上10.为病人插胃管过程中，如病人出现呛咳和呼吸困难，护士应A.嘱病人深呼吸，缓慢插入B.停止片刻，待病人恢复后继续插入C.立即拔出胃管D.停止插入，检查胃管是否误插入气管E.让病人继续吞咽配合11.患者王某，男性，32岁，因腹痛难忍面色苍白、出冷汗来院就诊，在未确诊之前，护士不应采取的措施是A.询问病史B.与医生联系C.备好急救物品D.测量生命体征E.给予热水袋止痛12．患者，男性，40岁，痔疮手术后遵医嘱行热水坐浴，下列操作不当的是A.备无菌坐浴盆B.坐浴前排空膀胱C.水温调至60-70℃D.坐浴时间15-20分钟E.坐浴后按无菌原则更换敷料13.服用时应避免与牙齿接触的药物是A.止咳糖浆B.棕色合剂C.硫酸亚铁D.碳酸氢钠E.颊茄合剂14.婴儿接种卡介苗的正确部位及方法是A.前臂掌侧下段，皮内注射B.三角肌下缘，皮内注射C.三角肌下缘，皮下注射D.三角肌下缘，肌内注射E.前臂掌侧下段，皮下注射15.下列进行破伤风抗毒素脱敏注射，正确的一项是A.分2次，剂量一样，平均每隔20分钟一次B.分3次，剂量一样，平均每隔20分钟一次C.分4次，剂量一样，平均每隔20分钟一次D.分4次，剂量由小到大，平均每隔20分钟一次E.分4次，剂量由大到小，平均每隔20分钟一次16.麻醉护理盘内不需准备的物品是A．开口器B．牙垫、纱布C．洗胃导管D．吸痰导管E．输氧导管17.下列何种患者需要较高的病室湿度A.急性肝炎B.心力衰竭C.气管切开D.胃溃疡E.急性肺炎18.体温在39℃以上，24小时内波动范围超过2℃以上，但体温最低时仍高于正常为A.稽留热B.间歇热C.回归热D.波状热E.驰张热19.对于心源性水肿描述不准确的是A.常伴有肝肿大B.常伴有颈静脉怒张C.严重时出现胸水、腹水D.常伴有门静脉高压E.从身体的低垂部位开始水肿20.中心性发绀见于A.右心衰竭B.Fallot四联症C.休克D.缩窄性心包炎E.全心衰竭21.区别轻症肺炎与重症肺炎的重要依据是A.发热程度B.呼吸困难程度C.肺部啰音的多少D.有其他系统受累的表现E.细菌感染的种类22．支气管扩张大咯血患者最危险且最常见的并发症是A.严重贫血B.休克C.窒息D.继发感染E.营养不良23.持久性心房颤动最常见的并发症是A.房宣传导阻滞B.室性期前收缩C.肺感染D.动脉栓塞E.室颤24.下列不是治疗心力衰竭的正性肌力药物的是A.二硝酸异山梨醇酯B.地高辛C.多巴胺D.毛花苷CE.米力农25.患者男性，50岁，因急性心肌梗死而住院治疗，住院病情不稳定，出现哪项心律失常需要警惕室颤的发生A.心房颤动B.短阵室性心动过速C.室上性心动过速D.窦性心动过缓E.房室传导阻滞26．肝性脑病患者禁用的灌肠液是A.弱酸性溶液B.高渗盐水C.肥皂水D.水氯醛E.生理盐水27.消化性溃疡最常见的并发症是A.穿孔B.感染C.幽门梗阻D.癌变E．出血28.患者女性，41岁，诊断为“溃疡性结肠炎”收住入院，每天腹泻5～6次，有少量脓血便，对此类患者饮食护理应注意A.给予易消化、富含纤维素饮食B.低蛋白饮食C.进食无渣流质或半流质饮食D.多进食新鲜水果E．高蛋白饮食29.患者男性，55岁，糖尿病不规则服药，血糖波动在8.6～9.8mmol/L，尿糖(++)～(+++)，近日感尿频、尿痛，昨日起突然神志不清，查血糖28mmol/L，尿素氮7.8mmol/L，血钠148mmol/L，尿糖(+++)．酮体(++)，其诊断为A.低血糖昏迷B.糖尿病肾病C.乳酸性酸中毒D.高渗性非酮症糖尿病昏迷E.糖尿病酮症酸中毒30.属于出血性脑血管疾病的是A.短暂性脑缺血发作B.蛛网膜下腔出血C.脑梗死D.脑血栓形成E.脑栓塞31.患者男性，78岁。

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析

吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析吉林大学2017年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure(30points)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The safari hunter was nearly________to death by a herd of elephants.A.stampededB.trampledC.trodD.stamped2.She felt that she was too________with problems to be able to study properly.A.burdenedB.tiredC.grievedD.disturbed3.The roof________under the weight of the snow.A.fellB.submergedC.collapsedD.descended4.His criticism injured Jenny’s________.So she is feeling sad now.A.divinityB.indignityC.egoD.mind5.Hundreds of people________on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show.A.contrivedB.conformedC.conferredD.converged6.The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore,not________to work locally./doc/2012752826.htmlpelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled7.The doctors don’t________that the patient will live much longer.A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate8.Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University,he was too excited to be________on the phone.A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent9.Hard work and malnutrition________his health and he looked thin and pale.A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed10.Since you changed lanes without signaling,you are as much to________for theaccident as us.A.blameB.accusationC.condemnationD.charge11.Although he is in his fifties,his________arms are as powerful as those of a young man.A.energeticB.giganticC.muscularD.effective12.The purpose of the lecture was to________the masses of the United States with theelementary problems of Latin America./doc/2012752826.htmlrmB.acquaintC.instructD.announce13.Our teacher didn’t have time so far to go into it________,but he gave us an idea abouthis plan.A.in turnB.at handC.in conclusionD.at length14.She often says her greatest happiness________serving the handicapped children.A.consists inB.relies on/doc/2012752826.htmlposes of/doc/2012752826.htmlprises in15.Whenever possible,Ian________how well he speaks Japanese.A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out16.________is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer.A.ThatB.WhichC.AsD.It117.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I________your advice.A.followB.had followedC.would followD.have followed18.I remember________to help us if we ever were in difficulties.A.once offeringB.him once offeringC.him to offerD.to offer him19.Helen apologized for________the party.A.her not being able to attendB.her being not able to attendC.her being able not to attendD.not her being able to attend20.It’s a pity that we should stay at home when we have________.A.so fineB.such fineC.such a fineD.so fine a21.Evidence came up________specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as sixmonths old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose22.America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it________beforethe West was settled.A.couldB.didC.wouldD.was23.________for a long time,the fields are all dried up.A.There has been no rainB.Having no rainC.There having been no rainD.There being no rain24.He spoke so________that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.A.bluntlyB.convincinglyC.emphaticallyD.determinedly25.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be________at the manager’soffice.A.declaredB.obtainedC.reclaimedD.recognized26.Some companies have introduced flexible working time with less emphasis on pressure________.A.and more on efficiencyB.than more on efficiencyC.and more efficiencyD.than efficiency27.The earnings of women are well below that of men________educational differencesthat are diminishing between the two sexes.A.althoughB.thoughC.despite ofD.in spite of28.You should know better than________your little sister at home by herself.A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left29.What the governments should do urgently is to take actions to________the economy.A.brookB.blushC.boostD.brood30.Some minerals are quite common,others are regionally________,and still others arerare on the earth.A.attributedB.distributedC.contributedD.scattered Part II Cloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank them are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Our ape-men forefathers had no obvious weapons in the struggle for survival in the2open.They had neither the powerful teeth nor the31.________claws of the big cats.They could not32.________with the bear,whose strength,speed and claws33.________an impressive“small-fire”weaponry.They could not even defend themselves34.________ running swiftly like horse,zebras or small animals.If the ape-men had attempted to compete on those terms in the open,they would have been35.________to failure and extinction.But they were36.________with enormous concealed advantages of a kind not37.________by any of their competitors.In the search38.________the pickings of the forest,the ape-man had39.________ efficient stereoscopic vision and a sense of color40.________the animals of the grasslands did not possess.The ability to see clearly at close range41.________the ape-men to study practical problems in a way that lay far42.________the reach of the original inhabitants of the grassland.Good long distance sight was43.________another /doc/2012752826.htmlck oflong-distance vision had not been a problem for forest-dwelling apes and monkeys because the higher the viewpoint,the greater the range of sight,so44.________they had had to do was climb a tree.Out in the open,however,this simple solution was not45.________. Climbing a hill would have helped,but in many places the ground was flat.The ape-men46. ________the only possible solution.They reared up as high as47.________on their hind limbs and began to walk upright.This vital change of physical position brought about considerable disadvantages.It was extremely unstable and it meant that the already slow ape-man became slower still.48.________,they persevered and their bone structure graduallybecame49.________to the new,unstable position that50.________them the name Homo erectus,upright man.31. A.big B.weak C.strong D.small32. A.match /doc/2012752826.htmlpare C.rival D.equal33. A.became B.equipped C.posed D.provided34. A.in B.upon C.by D.with35. A.driven B.doomed C.forced D.led36. A.bestowed B.given C.presented D.endowed37. A.managed B.possessed C.posed D.opposed38. A.for B.of C.on D.at39. A.progressed B.generated C.developed D.advanced40. A.which B.as C.what D.that41. A.urged B.permitted C.banned D.caused42. A.from B.apart C.beyond D.above43. A.rather B.quite C.much D.really44. A.anything B.that C.everything D.all45. A.available B.enough C.sufficient D.convenient46. A.chose B.adopted C.accepted D.took47. A.valuable B.acceptable C.possible D.able48. A.However B.Therefore C.Meanwhile D.Subsequently49. A.suited B.familiarized C.adapted D.accustomed50. A.obtained B.called C.deserved D.earnedPart III Reading Comprehension(60%)Directions:There are6reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of then there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions51to55are based on the followingpassage:Passage1Perhaps no single monument in the USA is as famous are the State of Liberty.Standing on a small island in New York Harbor,the crowned lady,holding aloft in her right hand the torch of freedom and in her left hand a tablet which is inscribed“July4th,1776”,is a symbol of American democracy.She is colossal.She is151ft.high and the pedestal on which she stands is almost as much.An elevator takes visitors to the top of the pedestal, around which a balcony runs.A Spiral staircase goes up to the crown,and another to the torch.The State of Liberty was a gift to the USA from France in1886,as a mark of friendship and also in memory of the aid France gave the Americans during the American Revolution.For millions of immigrants,the Statue was their first sight of the promised land,and for a few it was also the last,as they sailed back home again.About a mile from Liberty Island, there is another small island,called Ellis Island,which was looked upon with dread by the immigrants.For it was here that they had to wait their turn to be examined by doctors and officials.Most of the immigrants could not speak a word of English.But only two out of100 immigrants were refused admission to New York City.Often the person refused turned out to be a grand-mother or a weary,frightened girl mistakenly labeled“feeble-minded.”Sometimes husbands and wives were parted because one of them happened to have a bad cough and was suspected of having tuberculosis.New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.For from being a city paved with gold,it was a city teeming with overcrowded,unhealthy and unsafe ghettos.Theimmigrants looked for earlier immigrants of their own nationality or religion.So Italian, Polish,Irish,Jewish neighborhoods grew up.Because they could not speak English,the newcomers found it difficult to get work at once,and their living quarters were often slums.\ However,they found in the USA opportunities of bettering themselves.Today immigrants no longer have to endure the indignities of Ells Island.The grim buildings were closed down in1924.In1976,Ellis Island became an historic monument.51.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?A.Gateway to the USA.B.State of LibertyC.Ellis IslandD.Immigrants of the USA52.The word“colossal”in paragraph1means________.A.miniatureB.colorfulC.enormousD.beautiful53.Immigrants looked upon Ellis Island with dread because________.A.they could not speak a wordB.they might be refused admission to the USA.C.husbands and wives might be recognizedD.they were suspected54.Paragraph3implies that________.A.New York City was paved with goldB.immigrants of the same nationality and religion lived in the samebuilding C.immigrants lived everywhereD.some immigrants were disappointed at New York City55.Which of the following statement is not true?A.The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France.B.France gave the USA the State to commemorate the aid they received from the US.C.The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in the USA.D.The Statue of Liberty is the symbol of American democracy.Questions56-60are based on the following passage.Passage2Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures“everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over17million people vote for Brexit,despite the warning about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question.Across the163countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over40different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have beenmeasured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the2008global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn.When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality of education outcomes---all thing that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers,who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.56.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he________.A.praised the UK for its GDPB.identified GDP with happinessC.misinterpreted the role of GDPD.had a low opinion of GDP57.It can be inferred from Paragraph2that________.A.the UK is reluctant to remold its economic patternB.the UK will contribute less to the world economyC.GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UKD.policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP58.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?A.It excludes GDP as an indicatorB.It is sponsored by163countries.C.Its criteriaare questionable D.Its result are enlightening59.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that________.A.the UK is preparing for an economic boomB.high GDP foreshadows an economic declineC.it is essential to consider factors beyond GDPD.it requires caution to handle economic issue60.Which of the following is the best for the text?A.High GDP but Inadequate Well-being,a U.K lessonB.GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic HealthC.Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDPD.Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingQuestions61-65are based on the following passagePassage3The art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over2,000years ago.Now twitter, instant messaging,e-mail,blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication---but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions:persuading or inspiring,informing, payingtribute,entertaining,or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year,the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs or what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view.When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December2009,persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions.They focus on topics and matters that are close to people’s hearts.During wars,generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us.The information must be clear,accurate,and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the H1N1pandemic was announced,the idea of“swine flu”scared many people. Informative speeches from Words Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions.Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of aloved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting.Madonna’s speech about Michael Jacks on,after his death,heighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It’s not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role.It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you’re taking part i n a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument.In sports,athletesknow the importance of a pep talk(鼓舞士气的讲话) before a match to inspire teammates.You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level,a friend may be upset and need comforting.Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding,where you language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we’re born with.Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech.For a brilliant speech,there are rules that you can put to good use.To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.61.The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable because________.A.it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B.it has a big role to play in the entertainment businessC.it plays important roles in human communicationD.it is of great use in everyday-life context62.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A.Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problemsB.Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemicsC.The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers’speechesD.Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.63.Public speaking can play all the following rolesEXCEPT________.A.to convince people in a debate/doc/2012752826.htmlrm people at a presentationC.to advise people at workD.to entertain people at a wedding64.According to the passage,which of the following best explains the author’s view on“great speaking ability”?A.It comes from observing rules.C.It can be acquired from birth. practice.65.What is the main idea of the passage?A.Public speaking in international forums.C.Public speaking in daily life context.B.It can be perfected with easy effortD.It comes from learning andB.The many uses of public speaking D.The rules of public speakingQuestions66-60are based on the following passage.Passage4“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”,wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii’s last re igning monarch,in1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT),a giant observatory thatpromises t o revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea,dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But MaunaKea is also home to some of the world’s m ost powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past;it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoidarchaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.66.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph1indicates,________.A.the conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D.her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.67.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to________.A.its geographical featuresB.its protective surroundingsC.its religiousimplications D.its existing infrastructure68.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because________.A.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB.it reminds them of a humiliating history.C.their culture will lose a chance of revivalD.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea69.It can be inferred from Paragraph5that progress in today’s astronomy________.A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldC.many uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD.will eventually soften Hawaiian’s hostility.70.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as theTMT site is one of________.A.severe criticismB.passive acceptanceC.slight hesitancyD.fullapprovalQuestions71-75are based on the following passage.Passage5Those who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing.They actually saw it as factor in world peace.They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies.None of them foresaw that the more we are together,the more chances there are of war.Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward,those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn.The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health.They would produce colds,catarrhs (粘膜炎)and consumptions（肺癌）.The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire would have a bad effect on the nerves.Further,being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs.In those with high blood-pressure,the movement for the train might produce apoplexy(中风).The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel,and the equally sudden rush into full daylight,would cause great damage to eyesight.But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite.They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation promotedigestion,tranquilize the nerves,and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable.If it was a test of endurance to six for four hours outside a coach in rain,or inside in dirty air,the railway offered little more in the way of comfort.Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats;but the second-class had only narrow bare boards,while the third-class had nothing at all;no seats and no roof;they were just open trucks so that third-class passengers gained nothing from the new mode except speed.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages.He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood.Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came.He describe them as horizontal shower-baths,from whose searching power there was no escape.71.All boys and girls in large families know that________.A.a boy and a girl usually fight when they are together.B.people tend to be together more than they used to beC.a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD.railway leads the world to peace72.According to those who welcomed the railway,the railway itself should include all thefollowing except________.A.the railway enables people to travel fastB.the railway brings comfort to peopleC.the railway makes the world peacefulD.the railway leads the world to war.73.According to the anti-railway group,all the followings are true but________.A.tunnels are dangerous to public health.B.the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people’s nervesC.the rapid speed through the air does damage to people’s lungs.D.to those with high blood-pressure,the rapid speed of the train causes them to die74.We may safely conclude that________.A.the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB.the author belongs to the for-railway groupC.the author speaks highly of the railwayD.the author may never take train because of its potential dangers.75.What is the tone of the passage?A.PracticalB.NeutralC.HumorousD.Exaggerated Questions76-80are based on the following passage.Passage6There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint.Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate.“Sometime in the future,”the paper’s publisher said back in2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print.The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper---printing presses, delivery trucks---isn’t just expensive;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints.Readers are migrating away from printanyway.And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts,revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower,but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business,but only if they go about doing it the right way.“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.”he said.“but if you discontinue it,you’re going t o have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway.Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming.“It was seen as blunder,”he said.The move turned out to be foresighted.And if Peretti were in charge at the Times?“I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,”he said,“I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor,the idea goes,and they’d like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in,“So if you’re overpaying for print,you could feel like you were helping.”Peretti said.“Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.”In other words,if you’re going to make a print product,make it for the people who are already obsessed with it, which may be what the Times is doing already.Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly$500a year—more than twice as much as a digital—only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business.”Peretti。

2017年湖南师范大学308护理综合[专业硕士]考研真题(回忆版)【圣才出品】

2017年湖南师范大学308护理综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）
一、选择题（30道，具体选项难以回忆，仅提供相关考点）
1．考到了银屑病（大纲上面貌似没有，或者说没有重点标明）。

2．巨幼细胞性贫血为哪种胃细胞有问题？
二、简答题（5道）
1．简述注射的原则。

2．简述护理诊断的定义、分类及组成（PES模式）。

3．简述心绞痛的护理措施。

4．上尿路结石为哪个部位的结石？
5．非手术的护理措施是什么。

三、案例分析题（4道）
1．分析艾滋病的传播途径，护理措施。

2．进行烧伤病人的面积评估，写出计算方法、深度评估、现场急救要点。

3．对慢性肺源性心脏病进行护理诊断，依据护理诊断给出护理措施。

4．乳腺癌改良根治术后根据WHO给出疼痛等级进行评估，依据评估的等级给出用药和用药原则。

心得：主观题占了绝大部分，复习就要多背多记。

中南大学308护理综合2002-2017年(缺07-08,17年为回忆版,06.09含选择题答案)考研专业课真题试卷

21．护理工作中运用人体力学原则正确的是
A．护士操作时应靠近操作物
B．两手持物时应尽量将肘关节伸直
C．在低处取物时应双脚并拢弯腰取物 D．进行护理操作时为保持美观应两腿并拢 E．在移动重物时尽可能避免推或拉 22，某脑卒中患者，右侧肢体瘫痪，为其穿脱衣服时正确的是： A．先脱左侧，先穿左侧 B．先脱左侧，先穿右 C．先脱右侧，先穿右侧 D．先脱右侧，先穿左侧 E．先脱患侧，后穿患侧 23，护士在为某骨折老年患者做床上擦浴时，发现其面色苍白，出冷汗，呼吸急促，护士应 A 将水温调高，加快擦浴速度 B 让患者尽量忍耐、坚持_ C.继续操作，同时请家属通知医生 D．停正操作，让患者平卧，注意保暖 E．提高室温，继续操作 24．为某艾滋病患者做操作时，隔离措施正确的是 A．严格单间隔离 B．需要时戴手套采血 C.被患者血液污染的针头应放入锐器盒中 D.废弃的血液标本应及时倒入水池内冲刷掉 ‘ E．血液若溅出应立即用无菌纱布擦拭 25．徒手心肺复苏时胸外心脏按压的部位为 A．胸骨中、下 1／3 交界处 B．心尖部 C．剑突下 2 横指处 D．胸骨中段 E．胸骨左缘 26．既需要有人帮助，也需要设备和器械，机体的活动功能为： A 0 级 B．1 级 C．2 级 D．3 级 E．4 级 27.32 岁，张某，女性，妊娠 35 周，产一女婴重 2200 克，产妇平安，女婴一般情况稍差，此时女婴应给予 A．呼吸道隔离 B．昆虫隔离 C．保护性隔离 D．消化道隔离 E．接触性隔离 28．判断呼吸衰竭患者代谢紊乱情况，应首选的辅助检查是 A．血常规 B．血细胞涂片 c．血气分析 D．尿常规 E．肺功能测定 29．胸腔闭式引流的引流管脱出时应首先 A．通知医生紧急处理 B．给患者吸氧 c．嘱患者缓慢呼吸 D．将脱出的引流管重新置入 E．用手指捏闭引流口周围皮肤 30．患者女性，78 岁。反复咳嗽、喘息 20 年，5 年前诊断为 COPD，2 天前合并肺部感染入院。目前患者的医疗诊断是肺源性心脏病，对该患者最重要的治疗措施是 A．立即静点氨茶碱和地塞米松 B．立即静脉注射速尿，消除水肿 C．纠正心率失常 D．立即吸氧，静点呼吸兴奋剂 E．积极抗感染，保持呼吸道通畅（31-32 题共用题干）患者男性，80 岁，有慢性支气管炎病史 20 年。一周前受凉后再次出现咳嗽、咳痰，痰白质黏，伴呼吸困难、胸闷、乏力。以“慢性支气管炎合并慢性阻塞性肺气肿”入院治疗。

青岛大学308护理综合2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷

青岛大学308护理综合2016-2017年考研专业课真题试卷青岛大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：308科目名称：护理综合（共21页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效一、单项选择题（180分，每题1.5分）1.奥瑞姆在自理缺陷结构中主要阐明了A.个体何时需要护理B.人存在哪些自理需求C.什么是自理D.如何评价个体的自理能力E.如何护理存在自理缺陷的个体2.患者在手术前要了解手术的有关注意事项，属于A.安全的需要B.生理的需要C.自尊的需要D.刺激的需要E.自我实现的需要3.沟通的最高层次是A.一般性沟通B.陈述事实的沟通C.交流看法的沟通D.情感性沟通E.共鸣性沟通4.根据皮亚杰的认知发展学说，7～11岁的儿童处于认知发展的A.感觉运动期B.前运思期C.具体运思期D.形式运思期E.逻辑思维期5.患者，刘某，58岁，因上消化道大出血入院，在当前护理诊断中属于首优问题的是A.有误吸的危险B.体液不足C.营养失调：低于机体需要量D.焦虑E.知识缺乏6.下列哪项属于医疗事故？A.因手术致患者面部轻度毁容B.无过错输血感染造成不良后果的C.因患者原因延误诊疗导致不良后果D.因不可抗拒力造成不良后果的E.紧急情况下为抢救危重患者采取的紧急医学措施造成不良后果的7.下列哪项不是生存质量的判断标准A.躯体状态B.文化程度C.心理状态D.社会关系E.环境8.罗伊的适应模式中的适应方式不包括A.生理功能B.心理功能C.角色功能D.自我概念E.相互依赖9.莱宁格的跨文化护理理论的“日出模式”阐述的其理论核心思想是A.专业关怀存在于日常生活中B.护理的本质是文化关怀C.护理专业关怀仅存在于护患关系中D.人类无法与其所处的文化背景和社会结构分离E.文化关怀有其多样性10.按照心理成熟度分类，心理防御机制分为四种类型，不包括A.自恋B.不成熟C.适应型D.神经性E.成熟型11.社会认知偏差中，下列哪项又称社会固定印象A.首因效应B.近因效应C.晕轮效应D.投射效应E.定势效应12.某肝癌患者入院后，否认其患病事实，认为诊断错误，多次要求专家会诊，情绪不稳定，不配合治疗护理，此患者出现的问题可能是A.角色行为冲突B.角色行为强化C.角色行为消退D.角色行为缺如E.角色行为适应13.老年患者病房适宜的温度和相对湿度是A.22-24℃，50%-60%B.18-22℃，50%-60%C.20-22℃，40%-50%D.16-20℃，30%-40%E.22-24℃，60%-70%14.适用于一级护理的患者是A.连续性肾脏替代治疗患者B.冠心病心绞痛，严格卧床休息的患者。